Abstract: A collapse strength prediction method of a steel pipe includes deriving a prediction equation indicating a relationship among D/t obtained by dividing an outer diameter D (mm) by a thickness t (mm), material characteristics, a collapse strength dominant factor, and a collapse dominant proof stress (?CDOS) of the steel pipe using a plurality of reference steel pipes collapse whose strengths have been obtained in advance, obtaining D/t, material characteristics, a collapse strength dominant factor, and a predicted collapse strength of a steel pipe that is an evaluation subject, obtaining a compressive stress-strain curve in a circumferential direction of the steel pipe that is the evaluation subject, obtaining a stress that causes a permanent strain to be generated in the steel pipe that is the evaluation subject as the collapse dominant proof stress on the basis of the compressive stress-strain curve, and computing the predicted collapse strength of the steel pipe that is the evaluation subject from the D/t, t

Abstract: A rotor 2 includes a rotor core 21 fixed to a rotation axis in such a manner that the rotor core 21 is rotatable integrally with the rotation axis, the rotor core 21 being configured to have a plurality of magnets 22 mounted thereon throughout a circumferential direction; a first rotor cover 24 that includes a first tubular portion 26, the first tubular portion 26 having a tubular shape configured to cover an outer circumference of one axial side of the rotor core 21; and a second rotor cover 25 that includes a second tubular portion 28, the second tubular portion 28 having a tubular shape configured to cover an outer circumference of the other axial side of the rotor core 21.

Abstract: A pre-flux coating for the manufacturing of heat exchanger components of aluminum, wherein the coating comprises a combination of fluxes in the form of potassium aluminum fluoride K1-3AlF4-6, potassium trifluoro zincate, KZnF3, lithium aluminum fluoride Li3AlF6, a filler material in the form of metallic Si particles, Al—Si particles and/or potassium fluoro silicate K2SiF6, an additive in the form of aluminum oxide and at least one other oxide selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, titanium oxide and cerium oxide forming a post braze ceramic layer, and a solvent and a binder containing at least 10% by weight of a synthetic resin which is based, as its main constituent, on a methacrylate homopolymer or a methacrylate copolymer.

Abstract: A ceramic heat sink material for a pressure contact structure includes a resin layer on a ceramic substrate. The resin layer can have a durometer (Shore) hardness (A-type) of 70 or less, and an average value of gaps existing in an interface between the ceramic substrate and the resin layer is 3 ?m or less. The resin layer can be formed by solidifying a thermosetting resin which is fluidized at a temperature of 60° C.

Abstract: The invention provides a hot stamped structural component (20) for an automotive vehicle, such as a B-pillar, including a first part (22) formed of a high strength steel material joined to a second part (24) formed of a high ductility steel material. The structural component (20) also includes a locally tempered transition zone (26) along the joint (28) to reduce the potential for failure along the joint (28). The transition zone (26) has strength and ductility levels between the strength and ductility levels of the remaining portions of the first and second parts (22, 24). The tempering step can be incorporated into a laser trimming cell or assembly cell, and thus the transition zone (26) can be created without adding an additional process step or increasing cycle time.

Abstract: In a female crimp terminal including a pressure-bonding section for permitting pressure-bonding and connection to an aluminum core wire of an insulated wire, the pressure-bonding section is configured in a hollow sectional shape by a plate material, and a long length direction weld portion in a long length direction is welded, a forward part in the hollow sectional shape is caused to take an almost flat plate-shaped sealing shape and a width direction weld portion in a width direction is welded.

Abstract: The invention relates to a protective cap for a pressurised fluid cylinder valve, comprising a hoop (1) defining a sheltered protected space, the lower end of the hoop (1) being secured to the generally annular base (2) that is intended to be mounted around the neck of a pressurised fluid cylinder. The cap is characterised in that the hoop (1) comprises a draw-formed metal sheet. The invention also relates to the corresponding method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for providing a braze alloy layered product comprising the following steps: —applying at least one silicon source and at least one boron source on at least a part of a surface of a substrate, wherein the at least one boron source and the at least one silicon source are oxygen free except for inevitable amounts of contaminating oxygen, and wherein the substrate comprises a parent material having a solidus temperature above 1100° C.; —heating the substrate having the applied boron source and the applied silicon source to a temperature lower than the solidus temperature of the parent material of the substrate; and cooling the substrate having the applied boron source and the applied silicon source, and obtaining the braze alloy layered product. The present invention relates further to a braze alloy layered product, a method for providing a brazed product, a method for providing a coated product, and uses of the braze alloy layered product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a blend of at least one boron source and at least one silicon source, wherein the blend comprises boron and silicon in a weight ratio boron to silicon within a range from about 5:100 to about 2:1, wherein silicon and boron are present in the blend in at least 25 wt %, and wherein the at least one boron source and the at least one silicon source are oxygen free except for inevitable amounts of contaminating oxygen, and wherein the blend is a mechanical blend of powders, and wherein particles in the powders have an average particle size less than 250 ?m. The present invention relates further to a composition comprising the blend a substrate applied with the blend, a method for providing a brazed product, and uses.

Abstract: A process to bond VCSEL arrays to submounts and printed circuit boards is provided. The process is particularly suited to large area thin and ultra-thin VCSEL arrays susceptible to bending and warping. The process integrates a flatness measurement step and applying appropriate combination of pressure prior to bonding the VCSEL array to the submount or a printed circuit using a vacuum flux-less bonding process. The process is very promising in making very good quality bonding between the VCSEL array and a submount or a printed circuit board. The process is applied to construct optical modules with improved flatness that may be integrated with other electronic components in constructing optoelectronic systems.

Abstract: An embodiment of a solder wettable flange includes a flange body formed from a conductive material. The flange body has a bottom surface, a top surface, sidewalls extending between the top surface and the bottom surface, and one or more depressions extending into the flange body from the bottom surface. Each depression is defined by a depression surface that may or may not be solder wettable. During solder attachment of the flange to a substrate, the depressions may function as reservoirs for excess solder. Embodiments also include devices and systems that include such solder wettable flanges, and methods for forming the solder wettable flanges, devices, and systems.

Abstract: A leading edge member for a composite vane of a gas turbine engine. The leading edge member includes a first leg and a second leg. The first leg includes a proximal end joined to a proximal end of the second leg.

Abstract: Methods for bonding a porous tantalum structure to a substrate are provided. The method includes placing a compressible or porous interlayer between a porous tantalum structure and a cobalt or cobalt-chromium substrate to form an assembly. The interlayer comprising a metal or metal alloy that has solid state solubility with both the substrate and the porous tantalum structure. Heat and pressure are applied to the assembly to achieve solid state diffusion between the substrate and the interlayer and the between the porous tantalum structure and the interlayer.

Abstract: An Archimedean screw comprising a spiral helix. The Archimedean screw is characterized in that it further comprises a central element plastically twisted like a helix about a central symmetry axis. The spiral helix, in turn, is wound about the central element. Furthermore, the central element is the only supporting element of itself and of said spiral helix.

Abstract: A detector includes an outer shell having a shell profile in which a welded portion of the shell profile extends as an annular flange in an outward direction relative to a center axis of the outer shell. The detector further includes an end cap positioned adjacent the welded portion of the outer shell. The end cap and the welded portion of the outer shell are welded together to form a seal. A method of making a detector is also provided.

Abstract: An inexpensive ring spring having high strength and a method for producing the same, are provided. The ring spring can be obtained, for example, by raw material preparation, bending formation, welding, and disk formation performed in this order. The ring spring is formed to have no edge by welding two edge parts of the raw material, and has a welded metal part that is formed at the interface of the two edge parts of the raw material, and a welded heat-affected zone that is formed around the welded metal part and heated by welding, and exhibits tensile strength of 1000 MPa or more. Since the ring spring has sufficient tensile strength as a disk spring and a wave spring, quenching and tempering are not necessary. Furthermore, since the product can be prevented from being deformed due to quenching and tempering, dimensional accuracy of the product can be improved.

Abstract: An apparatus forms a sheet into a beam having four exterior walls and a common center leg extending between an opposing two of the walls. The apparatus includes a roll former forming the sheet into the beam cross section, a welding station with top and bottom laser welders, and a weld box fixture having inwardly-biased external mandrels (biased by actuators) and outwardly-biased internal split mandrels (biased by springs) that interact to hold a desired shape of the beam in the weld fixture, and also includes a sweeping unit and cutoff device. By this arrangement, the internal and external mandrels, in combination with a bias of the actuators and springs, control a shape of the beam by flexure and movement of material of the sheet when in the weld box fixture during a welding process of the welder.

Abstract: A monobloc piston body for an internal combustion engine is provided. The piston body includes a first piece which includes a pair of skirt portions and a pair of pin bosses and a second piece which includes a crown portion with an upper combustion surface and an at least partially enclosed oil gallery. The first and second pieces are joined together at a joint that is located on a side of the oil gallery opposite of the upper combustion surface. The firs piece is made through casting or forging, and the second piece is made through an additive manufacturing process, such as direct metal laser sintering.

Abstract: In some two-stroke engines, a stationary ring is disposed in a groove in the cylinder liner. However, it is a challenge to install such a stationary ring while maintaining a narrow gap to minimize gas flow through the gap. A ring system for an internal combustion engine is disclosed that includes an L-shaped, split ring with a reentrant angle and a nested, split ring with a convex quadrilateral cross section nested with the L-shaped ring proximate the reentrant angle. The two rings are affixed so that the two gaps of the split rings cannot align. Or, in other embodiments, the two are allowed to rotate relative to each other over a predetermined angle.

Abstract: A setup for assembling, by brazing, a composite panel including at least two parts separated by a filler material and joined together by brazing. The setup includes a furnace to achieve a brazing temperature for brazing the panel, and an assembly device which has a form having a shape similar to the final shape of the panel to be brazed. In particular, the assembly device further includes a pressing device to apply mechanical pressure to at least part of the surface of the panel in a direction allowing the panel to be permanently deformed into a shape which matches that of the form. The pressing device is moved under the action of a spring, and the forces applied by the spring being determined so that, at the brazing temperature, the spring applies the force necessary for deforming the panel against the form.

Abstract: A fully welded fence panel is disclosed that comprises a plurality of vertical pickets and a pair of horizontal metal rails. The top and bottom portions of the pickets are pressed in a mechanical or hydraulic press to create flattened surfaces and welded to the rails. The flattened surfaces may either be oriented parallel to the lengthwise direction of the metal rails to facilitate welding, or the flattened surfaces may be oriented perpendicular to the lengthwise direction of the metal rails to both facilitate welding and enable the fence panel to be racked when used as a railing. Indentations are pressed into opposite sides of the flattened surfaces at the same location and are perpendicular to the lengthwise direction of the picket to further enable the fence panel to be racked. The railing is therefore adjustable at a customer's site to change the angle between the pickets and rails and avoid the need for perfect angle measurements prior to manufacture.

Abstract: A filter part for fluid lines, preferably high-pressure lines with pressures in the range of 150 to 900 bar, preferably in the range of 200 to 350 bar, more preferably in the range of 700 to 875 bar, for use especially in filling nipples, non-return valves, pressure regulators, cylinder valves, filling couplings, switching valves, break-off safety devices, quick couplings and also as a separate filter part. The filter part comprises a base body and at least one fluid passage opening, wherein the base body and the fluid passage opening are covered by at least one filter element. The invention further relates to a method for producing a filter part with a base body and a filter element, especially in form of a screen filter which is also known as a filter mesh.

Abstract: Disclosed are sintered silver bonded electronic package subcomponents and methods for making the same. Embodiments of the sintered silver bonded EPSs include topography modification of one or more metal surfaces of semiconductor devices bonded together by the sintered silver joint. The sintered silver bonded EPSs include a first semiconductor device having a first metal surface, the first metal surface having a modified topography that has been chemically etched, grit blasted, uniaxial ground and/or grid sliced connected to a second semiconductor device which may also include a first metal surface with a modified topography, a silver plating layer on the first metal surface of the first semiconductor device and a silver plating layer on the first metal surface of the second semiconductor device and a sintered silver joint between the silver plating layers of the first and second semiconductor devices which bonds the first semiconductor device to the second semiconductor device.

Abstract: An electrode for vapor deposition process may include: a body section mounted at a lower portion of the electrode and adapted to be electrically connected to an external electric source; and a head section integrally formed at an upper portion of the body section and coupled to a substrate, wherein the body section and the head section are formed through forging. According to the electrode, manufacturing cost is greatly lowered and electric conductivity and heat resistance are improved.

Abstract: A fan blade includes first and second titanium portions that are secured to one another with an aluminum alloy braze. A method of manufacturing a fan blade includes providing first and second titanium portions, applying an aluminum alloy braze to at least one of the first and second titanium portions, and heating the fan blade to melt the aluminum alloy braze and join the first and second portions to one another to provide a fan blade with an airfoil exterior contour.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a reinforcing structure for reinforcing a side wall structure for a motor vehicle in the region of a door cutout, wherein the reinforcing structure is designed ring-shaped in order to surround a door cutout of a side wall structure. It is provided that the reinforcing structure is produced material-uniformly. The present disclosure furthermore relates to a semi-finished product for producing such a reinforcing structure and to a method for producing the reinforcing structure. The present disclosure also relates to a side wall structure and to a side wall for a motor vehicle.

Abstract: There is described a method and apparatus for forming a core for an electrical machine, in which a stamped metal strip (4a, 4b) is wound onto a mandrel (22), to form a helical winding. The diameter of the mandrel is then increased to apply tension to the wound strip, while the coils of the wound strip are held between clamps (24, 25). The coils of the wound strip are then fixed relative one to another (50, 51), while the coil is held at the increased diameter. The diameter of the mandrel is then reduced to disengage the laminated core from the mandrel. To produce a rotor or stator for an electrical machine, electrical coils are mounted in slots formed in the inner or outer surface of the core. The rotor or stator may then be incorporated into an electrical machine such as a motor or generator.

Abstract: An electric wire connecting method for connecting together a wire having a conductor and a stranded wire having a plurality of strands which are twisted, the electric wire connecting method is provided. The electric wire connecting method includes a forming step and a welding step. In the forming step, the conductor is formed into a plate element by pressing the conductor. In the welding step, the strands are welded to the plate element in a state where the strands are superposed on the plate element.

Abstract: A printed board includes a printed board body having a first side, a second side opposing the first side, and a through-hole; a printed conductor disposed on the first side of the printed board body; and a bus bar disposed on the second side of the printed board body, the bus bar including a terminal that extends through the through-hole. The terminal includes a plurality of branched terminal portions at a position corresponding to an interior of the through-hole, and at least one of the branched terminal portions is bent and attached to the printed conductor.

Abstract: A method for making an electrical circuit comprises the steps of: forming a rigid printed circuit board having a plurality of electrical contacts on at least one surface; forming a multilayer flexible circuit board having a plurality of electrical components on at least one surface, and further having a bifurcated area along one edge; forming electrode pads on the inner surfaces of the bifurcated area of the flexible circuit board that are alignable respectively with the electrical contacts on the rigid circuit board when the bifurcated area is spread apart by about 180°; spreading the bifurcated area apart and aligning the electrode pads respectively with the electrical contacts; and forming an electrical connection between the electrode pads and the electrical contacts.

Abstract: A method for producing a superconducting wire (10), wherein an internal wire (1), which contains superconducting filaments (4), is provided with a normally conducting stabilizing structure (9), is characterized in that, in a continuous or quasi-continuous process, one or more sheath elements (2; 2a, 2b) are shaped and/or placed around the internal wire (9), so that the entire circumference of the internal wire (1) is enclosed by one or more sheath elements (2; 2a, 2b), and all seams (6; 6a, 6b; 16; 16a, 16b) of sheath element ends (5a-5d; 15a-15d) facing each other are soldered and/or welded. A method for producing a superconducting wire is thereby provided, which restricts the cross section of the superconducting wire to a lesser extent and which permits the use of lead-free solder.

Abstract: A circuit device includes a heat detection component including lead terminals and a heat detection element, a heat-generating electronic component including lead terminals, and a substrate including a wiring pattern, holes, and lands, the heat detection component and the heat-generating electronic component being electrically connected to the substrate through the lead terminals thereof, wherein the lead terminals of the heat detection component are bent into a U-shaped or substantially U-shaped configuration such that the bent lead terminals are partly contacted with the heat-generating electronic component, and the heat-generating electronic component is sandwiched between portions of the lead terminals and the heat detection element of the heat detection component.

Abstract: A fin stock material from an 3xxx-series aluminium alloy and including at least 0.5% to 2.0% Mn, and furthermore a purposive addition of one or more wetting elements selected from the group of: Bi 0.03% to 0.5%, Pb 0.03% to 0.5%, Sb 0.03% to 0.5%, Li 0.03% to 0.5%, Se 0.03% to 0.5%, Y 0.03% to 0.05%, Th 0.03% to 0.05%, and the sum of these elements being 0.5% or less, with the remainder including aluminium and tolerable impurities. Also provided is a method for manufacturing a heat exchanger assembly incorporating such a fin stock material.

Abstract: Provided are a seamless bent pipe constituted by a bent section and straight pipe sections on both ends of the bent section, with the inside diameter at each pipe end portion being larger than the inside diameter of the bent section, and a welded component comprising a seamless bent pipe and a seamless straight pipe at one or each end of the seamless bent pipe, with the end of the seamless straight pipe to be welded to one or each end of the seamless bent pipe having the same inside diameter as the inside diameter of the seamless bent pipe, as well as methods of manufacturing them. As a result, elements suited for use in pipelines can be obtained, without unnecessarily increasing the wall thickness of the seamless bent pipe and without internal machining of the pipe end portions of the seamless bent pipe after the manufacturing thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for manufacturing a swing-ring plate. More particularly, the apparatus and method for manufacturing the swing-ring plate comprises a bending mechanism that moves a linear plate cut to a certain length from a first side to a second side, and bends the linear plate so as to face both ends thereof each other to form a ring shape; a pre-bonding mechanism that fixes the bent plate in the ring shape and pre-bonds the ends in the horizontal and vertical directions; and a final bonding mechanism that completely bonds the pre-bonded part of the plate by revolving around the fixed pre-bonded plate and positioning so that the top and bottom surfaces of the pre-bonded plate face upward.

Abstract: Fabricating a turbine component (50) by casting a core structure (30), forming an array of pits (24) in an outer surface (32) of the core structure, depositing a transient liquid phase (TLP) material (40) on the outer surface of the core structure, the TLP containing a melting-point depressant, depositing a skin (42) on the outer surface of the core structure over the TLP material, and heating the assembly, thus forming both a diffusion bond and a mechanical interlock between the skin and the core structure. The heating diffuses the melting-point depressant away from the interface. Subsurface cooling channels (35) may be formed by forming grooves (34) in the outer surface of the core structure, filling the grooves with a fugitive filler (36), depositing and bonding the skin (42), then removing the fugitive material.

Abstract: A device for loading electro-conductive ball onto the terminal regions of a substrate more correctly and reliably is disclosed. Micro-ball loading device (200) may have the following parts: backing plate (220) supporting substrate (100) such that plural terminal regions (108) formed on one surface of substrate (100) are free, transfer mask (210), which contains a metal mask and has plural through-holes (216) formed corresponding to plural terminal regions (108) of the substrate, fixing block (230) onto which end portions (210a) of the transfer mask are fixed such that transfer mask (210) faces one surface of the substrate, and magnet part (240), which attaches transfer mask (210) by magnetic force to the side of backing plate (220); for magnet part (240), the attachment force to the center portion of the substrate is less than that of the peripheral edge portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bearing ring produced from a straight profile bar that is bent to an annular shape and where the bearing ring is joined in a flash butt welding process, and where the bearing ring further comprises an additional component enclosed within the bearing ring material. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a bearing ring from a straight profile bar. The advantage of the invention is to obtain a bearing ring with completely enclosed additional component in a simple and cost-effective way.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a reinforcing structure for reinforcing a side wall structure for a motor vehicle in the region of a door cutout, wherein the reinforcing structure is designed ring-shaped in order to surround a door cutout of a side wall structure. It is provided that the reinforcing structure is produced material-uniformly. The present disclosure furthermore relates to a semi-finished product for producing such a reinforcing structure and to a method for producing the reinforcing structure. The present disclosure also relates to a side wall structure and to a side wall for a motor vehicle.

Abstract: A device (1) is provided for connecting a metal sheet (23, 33?) at the edges, particularly body sheet metal in automobiles. The device (1) includes at least one folding bed (2) for receiving at least two metal sheets, folding jaws (3) which are functionally connected to associated folding jaw supports (4), at least one thermal jointing tool (5), and at least one mass electrode (9, 9?). At least the joining tool is not attached to the folding jaws, and the joining tool contains a lever oriented away from the folding bed as a linear feed device. The lever (6) has a center of rotation (10) outside the folding bed, wherein the joining tool can swivel in the manner of a knee lever into an operating and/or non-operating position.

Abstract: A solder pre-form for soldering a coaxial cable to a connector body is provided with a plurality of flux grooves on a cable side and a connector side. The solder pre-form may also have a plurality of holes between the cable and connector sides. In a method of use, flux is applied to the flux grooves and the solder pre-form applied to encircle the outer conductor which is then inserted into the connector body and the solder pre-form melted to complete the solder interconnection. Where holes are present, flux may be applied to the connector side, passing through the holes also to the cable side.

Abstract: Two thin-walled jackets a joined by preparing end faces of the jackets by plastically deforming and upsetting microprojections thereon and thereby forming the metal of the upset microprojections into annular beads on inner surfaces of the respective jackets. Then the end faces are abutted while centering the jackets on each other relative to their external diameters. The end faces are then spot welded together in a plane where the end faces abut and then joined with a continuous main weld having a width equal to between four and six times the thickness of the wall of the jackets. Heat is then extracted from the welded jackets starting at a distance not exceeding times the wall thickness from a joint center line where the end faces abut.

Abstract: A method for connecting substrates is provided. The method includes the steps of: preparing a first wiring substrate having a first substrate including a first region and a second region which are provided with a first metal wire, wherein an area ratio between the first region and the first metal wires in the first region is different from an area ratio between the second region and the first metal wire in the second region; heating the first wiring substrate to bend the first wiring substrate; and electrically connecting a third wiring on a third substrate to the first metal wire provided on the first wiring substrate, thereby mounting the first wiring substrate on the third substrate in a manner that the first surface of the first substrate is nonparallel to the first surface of the third substrate.

Abstract: A hoop for securing a drum head to a drum, the hoop having a lower portion configured to mount the hoop to a shell of the drum and a flange formed in the lower portion of the hoop. The flange being configured to receive a tension control device for tuning the drum head. The hoop may also include an upper portion that is above and normal to the flange and an annular upper edge formed on the upper portion of the hoop that is rolled over and bent inward toward an inner peripheral surface of the hoop. The upper portion may be fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the hoop be welding or another method of fixing.

Abstract: A profiled metal strip for a diaphragm bellows is made from a strip material having at least one border which is subjected to reverse bending. Such a metal strip is wound to produce a diaphragm bellows, with abutting borders of neighboring turns being connected with one another by a material joint, such as a welding seam.

Abstract: A thermal conduction device and a method for fabricating the same are disclosed. Firstly, arrange a plurality of diamond particles on a plane according to a predetermined pattern to form a diamond particle monolayer. Next, apply a forming process on a metal material such that the metal material forms a metal matrix wrapping the diamond particles to form a composite body including the diamond particle monolayer embedded in the metal matrix. Next, stack a plurality of the composite bodies and perform a heating process to join the metal matrixes to each other to form the thermal conduction device. The device is characterized in arranging diamond particles on a plane to form a two-dimensional monolayer structure and manufactured via assembling the two-dimensional monolayer structures to form a three-dimensional multilayer structure. By controlling the arrangement of the diamond particles, the thermal conduction device can have superior thermal conduction performance.

Abstract: A printed board includes a printed board body having a first side, a second side opposing the first side, and a through-hole; a printed conductor disposed on the first side of the printed board body; and a bus bar disposed on the second side of the printed board body, the bus bar including a terminal that extends through the through-hole. The terminal includes a plurality of branched terminal portions at a position corresponding to an interior of the through-hole, and at least one of the branched terminal portions is bent and attached to the printed conductor.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a printed circuit board unit is provided. A portion of bumps which is arranged on an electronic component is pressed to lower heights of the portion of bumps as compared to other bumps.

Abstract: The method for connecting thin-walled casings by fusion welding comprises the following: preparation of the end faces to be connected of the casings, abutting arrangement on centring devices and common melting of the end faces to be connected while an arrangement gap sufficient for carrying out the welding is temporarily maintained between the surfaces lying against one another of the end faces. On each of the casings to be connected, deforming of the micro-projections on the surface to be welded of the end faces is carried out by plastic deformation along with upsetting of the material. On the end face, the metal to be deformed is moved to the side of the inner surface of the casing and an inner, annular bead strip is formed thereupon. The casings to be connected are arranged in a device that carries out centring with respect to the outer diameter. Then, initially at the circumference in the plane of the connection, spot welding thereof is carried out.

Abstract: An antenna resonating element may be mounted in an antenna cavity. The antenna resonating element may have a printed circuit board substrate with a patterned metal layer. Components may be soldered to the antenna resonating element using solder with a given melting point before soldering the antenna resonating element the antenna cavity using solder with a lower melting point. Solder widow openings may be formed in the antenna resonating element and antenna cavity to allow for application of solder paste. Engagement features and alignment structures may be used to align the antenna resonating element relative to the antenna cavity. The antenna cavity may have a curved opening. The printed circuit board substrate may be bent to the shape of the curved opening before soldering components to the printed circuit board. An elastomeric fixture may be used to hold the antenna resonating element to the cavity during soldering.