Abstract: A master brake cylinder comprises a reservoir and a cylinder for generating fluid pressure. Provided in the cylinder is a sliding piston, and mounted to front and rear ends of piston are piston cups for sealing a gap between the piston and the cylinder. The piston cups comprise a substrate made of rubber and a coating layer made of diamond-like carbon and provided on an outer peripheral surface (sliding surface) of the substrate. A surface of the coating layer constitutes a sliding surface, and so a frictional resistance thereof relative to an inner peripheral surface of the cylinder, on which the coating layer slides, is made relatively low. The coating layer can easily follow deformation of the substrate and securely adheres to the substrate.

Abstract: In a method for welding age-hardenable nickel-base alloys, a workpiece (5) made from an age-hardenable nickel-base alloy (1, 2) is welded with filler material of the same composition as the base material. The weld metal (3) which is formed in so doing is covered by a sealed covering layer (4) comprising a ductile material and the workpiece (5) is subjected to hot isostatic pressing (HIP).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for mechanically removing solder beads (14) from the surface of printed circuit boards (10) directly after they pass through the solder flow during flow soldering of printed circuit boards in a soldering plant. In order to ensure that the solder beads are mechanically removed without damaging the printed circuit boards, the solder beads (14) are mechanically removed by means of at least one jet (50) of cold gas directed onto the surface.

Abstract: Resilient contact structures are mounted directly to bond pads on semiconductor dies, prior to the dies being singulated (separated) from a semiconductor wafer. This enables the semiconductor dies to be exercised (e.g., tested and/or burned-in) by connecting to the semiconductor dies with a circuit board or the like having a plurality of terminals disposed on a surface thereof. Subsequently, the semiconductor dies may be singulated from the semiconductor wafer, whereupon the same resilient contact structures can be used to effect interconnections between the semiconductor dies and other electronic components (such as wiring substrates, semiconductor packages, etc.). Using the all-metallic composite interconnection elements of the present invention as the resilient contact structures, burn-in can be performed at temperatures of at least 150.degree. C., and can be completed in less than 60 minutes.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing raised contacts on the surface of an electronic component includes bonding one end of a wire to an area, such as a terminal, of the electronic component, and shaping the wire into a wire stem configuration (including straight, bent two-dimensionally, bent three-dimensionally). A coating, having one or more layers, is deposited on the wire stem to (i) impart resilient mechanical characteristics to the shaped wire stem and (ii) more securely attach ("anchor") the wire stem to the terminal. Gold is one of several materials described that may be selected for the wire stem. A variety of materials for the coating, and their mechanical properties, are described. The wire stems may be shaped as loops, for example originating and terminating on the same terminal of the electronic component, and overcoated with solder. The use of a barrier layer to prevent unwanted reactions between the wire stem and its environment (e.g., with a solder overcoat) is described.

Abstract: The invention has as an object thereof to provide a welding method which is capable of forming an oxide passivated film, which is corrosion resistant, non-catalytic, and has an extremely small amount of released gasses, chiefly on the welded portion or in the vicinity thereof during the welding process. During the welding process, a gas in which 800 ppm.about.2.5% of moisture is contained in an inert gas is caused to flow, and a passivated film having chromium oxide as a chief component thereof is formed on the surface of the welded portion. The welding method comprises a welding process and a passivation process; in the passivation process, a gas in which 1000 ppm.about.2.5% of moisture is contained in an inert gas is employed.

Abstract: A self-brazing material 10 for use in a heat exchanger 50 using a corrosive heat exchanger fluid is manufactured by providing a first substrate layer 10 and a second layer 12 metallurgically bonding the two layers together to form a composite material 22. This second layer 12 is made of a material chosen from a group consisting of materials capable of having good high temperature and corrosive properties, and melting at a temperature well below that of the first material 10. The bonded material 22 is then reacted so as to render the second layer 12 a brazing layer for the first substitute layer 10 with excellent high temperature and corrosive properties.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing raised contacts on the surface of an electronic component includes bonding one end of a wire to an area, such as a terminal, of the electronic component, and shaping the wire into a wire stem configuration (including straight, bent two-dimensionally, bent three-dimensionally). A coating, having one or more layers, is deposited on the wire stem to (i) impart resilient mechanical characteristics to the shaped wire stem and (ii) more securely attach ("anchor") the wire stem to the terminal. Gold is one of several materials described that may be selected for the wire stem. A variety of materials for the coating, and their mechanical properties, are described. The wire stems may be shaped as loops, for example originating and terminating on the same terminal of the electronic component, and overcoated with solder. The use of a barrier layer to prevent unwanted reactions between the wire stem and its environment (e.g., with a solder overcoat) is described.

Abstract: Fastening devices such as washers, seals and drive pins subject to corrosive deterioration of all or select portions thereof wherein all or such select portions are protected from such corrosion and failure by a thin coating or coatings of hard surface material or materials. In a preferred form, the fastening device is coated with a synthetic diamond material formed as a thin layer in situ thereon. In addition to preventing moisture and other corrosive material from penetrating to the base metal, such synthetic diamond material serves to preserve the surface integrity of the fastening device preventing the formation or spread of surface flaws produced during use or during the fabrication of the fastening device.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a metal pipe clad cable having a fiber with an excess length housed therein, comprises the steps of preparing a metal pipe clad cable comprising a metal pipe and a fiber housed in the metal pipe, and passing said metal pipe clad cable through a plurality of sets of bending rolls. The metal pipe is repeatedly bent when passing through the plural sets of said bending rolls so as to generate a plastic deformation within the metal pipe and, thus, to impart an excess length to the fiber within the metal pipe.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a welded steel tube with excellent inner surface corrosion resistance, in which at least one surface of a steel strip is coated with a first plate layer made of at least one of nickel, cobalt and alloys based on the metals, the plated steel strip is formed into a welded tube with the plated surface being inside, a film-forming material of at least one of tin and tin-based alloys is inserted into the inside of the welded tube and is then heat-treated at a temperature not lower than the melting point of the film-forming material by passing the tube through a continuous heating furnace having a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere therein so that the film forming material as inserted into the welded tube is fused and spread over the first plate layer to form a second plate layer thereon, and the tube is finally cooled.

Abstract: A process is claimed for reducing tensile welding stresses in a nozzle in a nuclear reactor shell, such as a nuclear reactor head, wherein the nozzle has been welded to the nuclear reactor shell, which involves applying axial compressive loads on the free ends of the nozzle in an amount sufficient to substantially reduce the welding stresses. In some cases radial pressure can be imposed on the inner wall of the nozzle wherein the tensile welding stresses are located.

Abstract: Superconducting joints between superconducting tape ends are produced by a series of operations which includes stripping non-superconductive material from the tape ends, joining them with a conductive coating and depositing a superconductive alloy layer thereon, typically of triniobium tin, by a chemical vapor deposition reaction of hydrogen with the corresponding metal halides. Certain of the steps are performed in an inert atmosphere free from moisture, elemental hydrogen and elemental oxygen, typically a helium atmosphere.

Abstract: A piece to be magnetized and a covering cap are brazed together to a member, such as a spring seat for a diesel engine injector needle lift sensor. The entire assembly is then subjected to a vacuum ion treatment to case-harden at least the cap and the wear surface of the member. Either before or after the member is case-hardened, the assembly is subjected to an electromagnetic field to magnetize the piece through the cap.

Abstract: In a disc drive head suspension assembly, welding induced stresses and deformation resulting from welding a gimbal to a load beam are reduced. Apertures, preheating or compression are used to relieve residual stresses.

Abstract: An electrowinning anode is formed by tightly joining a sheet of lead anode material to a copper busbar using solder to fill the joint. The busbar is optimally coated with a tin alloy by dipping the busbar into the alloy prior to being joined with the sheet. A lead coating is electrodeposited onto the busbar and the soldered joint to provide a complete metallurgical seal and good resistance to acid corrosion.

Abstract: The face plates of a drift tube have their joints with a central cylindrical body sealed by utilizating two metallurgical techniques. The first technique involves the soldering of interface surfaces at the joints between the face plates and the body. The soldered joint prevents the entry of electroplating solution into the interior of the drift tube during a second metallurgical procedure involving the electroformation of a copper strap around the joint which provides a permanent seal against leakage of coolant from the drift tube while offering excellent electrical and thermal conductivity across the surface of the drift tube.

Abstract: An improved copper radiator for motor cars comprising a plurality of tubes adapted for the flow of a heat-exchanging medium therethrough, fins bonded directly with solder to said tubes to form a copper core and wherein said core is bonded with solder to at least one seat plate, the improvement in that the surface of the fins of said copper radiator has an oxidized layer of a thickness of not more than 1200 .ANG..

Abstract: An apparatus for the in-line annealing of amorphous strip includes feed rolls for substantially continuously feeding the strip during annealing. The strip is first fed into a nip of cooperating heated pressure rolls. The heated pressure rolls rapidly heat the strip to an annealing temperature at a rate of substantially 10.sup.2 -10.sup.4 .degree.C./second while also subjecting the strip to localized plastic deformation. Where multiple ribbons are being fed simultaneously through the heating pressure rolls, bonding occurs to produce a composite strip. The strip is fed from the pressure rolls through an in-line annealer immediately downstream from the pressure rolls. During annealing, the strip is continuously fed and maintained under tension by operation of a winding roll. The strip is annealed at a temperature of between 420.degree.-510.degree. C. for 0.01-10.0 minutes.

Abstract: A process is claimed for removing the residual tensile welding stresses in the inner layer of the weld metal and the heat-affected zone of steel piping elements that have been butt-welded to each other end-to-end by means of a circumferential weld. The process involves mechanically introducing circumferential compressive stresses in the piping elements by applying a radial load inwardly on a section of at least one of the piping elements away from the weld such that the distance from the midplane of the section of the piping element upon which the radial load is applied to the weld midplane is equal to about two to about 12 times the thickness of the piping element upon which the radial load is applied. The distance from the edge of the section of the piping element upon which the radial load is applied that is adjacent the weld to the weld midplane is at least equal to about one-half the thickness of the piping element upon which the load is applied.

Abstract: A method for the adhesion of oxide type ceramics and copper or a copper alloy is provided by this invention, which method comprises placing the oxide type ceramics and the copper or copper alloy in mutual contact, heating them in an oxidative atmosphere thereby effecting adhesion thereof, and rapidly cooling the resultant composite of adhesion. The adhesive strength of the composite of adhesion so produced is about 40% higher than the adhesive strength of a similar composite of adhesion obtained by the conventional method involving gradual cooling.

Abstract: A method of field welding head-hardened rails which includes the steps of gas pressure welding the rails, shearing off excess metal therefrom at the welded portion with a portable welder device, subjecting the railhead of the pressure welded portion of the rails to a subsequent heat treatment with a gas heater device, setting a width of the pressure welded portion to be heated at the time of the subsequent heat treatment with a pair of jigs, and cooling the portion which has undergone the subsequent heat treatment with an air blowing type cooler.

Abstract: A plasma arc spray overlay of cladding metals is used over joints between clad metal pieces to provide a continuous cladding metal surface. The technique permits applying an overlay of a high melting point cladding metal to a cladding metal surface without excessive heating of the backing metal.

Abstract: A bracket of generally U-shaped cross-section comprising spaced-apart legs terminating in edges having projections thereon is joined to a cylindrical steel wall by a method that comprises the steps of: (a) locating the bracket so that said edges extend along the length of the cylindrical steel wall and said projections contact the external surface of the wall, (b) projection-welding the bracket to the wall by an operation that collapses the projections, locates the edges closely adjacent the external surface of the steel wall, and provides a gap of V-shaped cross-section between each edge and the external surface of the wall, and (c) then fillet-welding the bracket to the wall by applying a welding fillet to the external surface of the wall and the outer surface of each leg of the bracket in the region of the V-shaped gap.

Abstract: A method of forming a hard vacuum seal for use in a gas laser but not limited thereto. The method comprising the steps of polishing the surfaces to be joined together and then cleaning the surfaces with a plasma cleaner. Next, a force is applied to hold the surfaces in contact and then molten indium is applied onto the adjoining surface and allowed to cool in order to set the seal. In the method of forming the gas laser seal for fine alignment of the mirror surfaces, the seal is reheated, the mirrors realigned by sliding across the laser cavity while the laser is operative and the laser output is measured for maximum laser output. Then the seal is allowed to reset.

Abstract: Equipment used in a substantially water free, but corrosive environment is protected from corrosion by coating only certain welded parts thereof with a metal more base than the metal part coated.

Abstract: An exhaust system means for automobiles composed of a plurality of members joined together at joining portions by welding. The welded portion and a surrounding portion are covered with a protective metal layer formed by spraying a molten metal thereon.

Abstract: Metallic tubing is manufactured from galvanized steel strip by forming the strip into tubular shape, welding the edges together and replacing the zinc lost in welding by atomization metallizing the weld zone first with an aluminum alloy containing from more than about 0.30 to about 0.95 weight percent iron and then with zinc.

Abstract: A brazed joint between a beryllium-base part and a copper-base part comprises a first layer of brazing material in contact with the beryllium-base part. This brazing material is an alloy that just prior to brazing consists essentially of silver and a minor constituent of either: (a) tin in a percentage of 4% to 15% by weight of the alloy, (b) silicon in a percentage of 1% to 5% by weight of the alloy, or (c) indium in a percentage of 6% to 25% by weight of the alloy. Contacting this first layer and brazed thereto is a second layer of a material that just prior to brazing consists essentially of silver. Between the second layer and the copper-base part, there is another brazed connection, which is formed at temperatures exceeding 600.degree. C.