Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing pulverized particles of a crystalline organic compound which is poorly water-soluble. Also disclosed is a pulverized organic compound particle produced by such a method. Specifically disclosed is a method for producing a poor water solubility organic compound particle for medical use, which is characterized in that a poor water solubility organic compound for medical use is mixed with a physiologically acceptable salt and a physiologically acceptable polyol, and subjected to wet milling. Also specifically disclosed is a poor water solubility organic compound particle for medical use, which is produced by such a production method.

Abstract: Disinfection of waste can be carried out by first cutting the waste into small pieces to expose surfaces in the waste and then simultaneously spraying the waste pieces with disinfectant and agitating them. The waste pieces are agitated by applying sufficient vacuum to suck the waste pieces through a processing system, the vacuum creating a wind inside the system that sweeps up the waste pieces, suspends them in air, and keeps them separate from one another, thereby exposing substantially all surfaces of the waste pieces to the sprayed disinfectant.

Abstract: For use in a basket mill having a process vessel in which particles are ground so as to reduce their size, a basket for retaining a grinding medium, having an opening in its top and a screen at its bottom. A first shaft extends into the basket and has a grinding assembly extending from the shaft. A first drive apparatus rotates the first shaft at a first rotational rate. A second shaft is coaxial with the first shaft and has an impeller for causing material to be ground to move into the basket through the opening and out of said basket through the screen. A second drive apparatus rotates the second shaft at a second rotational rate independent of the first rotational rate. The first shaft may be a tube. A tube may be disposed within the first shaft, and have at its end a bushing for receiving for rotation the second shaft. The bushing may be located outside of a region of the basket where grinding media is disposed. Methods for operating the apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a silane-modified nano-corundum, wherein nano-corundum agglomerates are disagglomerated in the presence of an organic solvent and simultaneously or afterwards treated by silane.

Abstract: A continuous wet grinding process is disclosed for comminuting material in a liquid, comprising one or more continuous wet grinding line. Said continuous wet grinding line comprises (1) two or more sealed wet grinders connected in cascade, (2) no unsealed container connected between said grinders, (3) a positive displacement pump connected before the first sealed wet grinder in said cascade to provide the required pressure by the process flow and to regulate flow rate, (4) one or more non-volume delivery pump connected before one or more of said grinders except the first grinder in said cascade to provide necessary pressure without changing flow rate. The invention also discloses a polyester composition that contains high quality inorganic filler such as carbon black, said inorganic filler is produced in said continuous wet grinding process, which has narrower particle size distribution and less coarse particles, therefore less breaks during fiber spinning.

Abstract: A process for preparing ground resin particles is provided by modifying a jet mill with opposed fluidized bed. By using a jet mill having a plurality of jet nozzles disposed at predetermined positions in a barrel of a grinding chamber toward the injection point of the grinding chamber and a bottom wall having a flat surface in part or in whole, parallel to the jet nozzles, or having a conical projection immediately below the injection point, resin particles to be ground are jetted with or without water, thereby being ground to obtain ground resin particles of an intended particle size.

Abstract: A crushing apparatus has a gyratory crusher, which has an inner shell, an outer shell and an eccentric. A lubricating system is arranged to conduct a lubricant to at least one movable part, such as the eccentric of the gyratory crusher. The lubricating system has an oil sump, which collects the lubricant after it has been used for lubrication of the movable part, and a valve mechanism, which is arranged to apportion a lubricant flow in the crusher. The valve mechanism is arranged to assume a first position, in which a first sub-volume of the lubricant flow is conducted directly to the movable part for lubrication of the same and a second sub-volume is conducted directly to the oil sump, the second sub-volume constituting from about 30 to about 100% of the lubricant flow, and a second position, in which at least about 90% of the lubricant flow is conducted to the movable part for lubrication of the same.

Abstract: A granulated calcium bromide product is provided, and a method for its manufacture. The product, obtained by wet granulation or by dry granulation, contains at least 80 wt. % calcium bromide, and it is particularly suitable for preparing dense calcium bromide brines used as a drilling fluid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to provide an apparatus which is capable of continuously and effectively shattering wastes including organic substances and even such wastes as including fat or other doggy substances suspended in a water, without obstructing an operation of the apparatus. The apparatus comprises a cylindrical vertical housing having annular passages partitioned by adjacent two or more substantially concentric cylindrical walls, a water injection device which produces a pressurized water flow so as to supply high-speed water flows tangentially into the annular passages, and a nozzle which is disposed in any one of the cylindrical walls so as to supply a slurry including organic substance particulates into the high-speed water flows and thus ultrafinely shatters the organic granular substances into particulates having the size of a few micrometers by cavitation effect and/or shearing effect produced in the high-speed water flows.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and a device for grinding cellulose, in which a raw cellulose material (6) is uniformly moistened with a given quantity of liquid by means of a moistening unit (1) before being ground in a grinding mill (2). A first conveying mechanism (3) conveys the raw cellulose material (6) to the moistening unit (1) while a second conveying mechanism (4) conveys the moist raw cellulose material on the grinding mill (2).

Abstract: A particulate material is ground more efficiently using a mixture of at least two different sizes of yttrium-stabilized zirconia balls. The method facilitates preparation of photocatalysts with high activity.

Abstract: A process for preparing C.I. Pigment Red 254 having an average particle size (d50) of 10 to 120 nm, and a half-width of the peak at 28.3° 2Theta of between 0.2 to 0.7° 2Theta in the X-ray powder diffractogram obtained using CU-Kalpha radiation, includes milling of a crystalline raw product of C.I. Pigment Red 254 in a liquid medium under the action of a grinding medium, in a ball-mill agitator, which is operated with a power density of more than 1.0 kW per litre grinding chamber and an agitator peripheral speed of more than 12 m/s.

Abstract: An aqueous pigment dispersion is produced by ultrafinely dispersing a pigment dispersion mixture, which has been obtained by mixing at least a pigment and a dispersant in an aqueous medium, with microbeads having diameters of not smaller than 0.02 mm but smaller than 0.2 mm. A color composition for a color filter is produced by dispersing a mixture of a pigment, a dispersant, a resin varnish and a solvent with the microbeads in a mill.

Abstract: A thermoplastic polymer powder which (i) consists mainly of an acrylic block copolymer comprising one or more acrylic ester polymer blocks (A) and bonded thereto at least one polymer block selected among methacrylic ester polymer blocks (B) and acrylic ester polymer blocks (C) differing in structure from the blocks (A); (ii) has a complex dynamic viscosity ?*(5) of 5.0×103 Pa·s or lower as measured under the conditions of a temperature of 250° C. and an oscillation frequency of 5 rad/sec; (iii) has a Newtonian viscosity index n represented by the equation n=log ?*(5)?log ?*(50) [wherein ?*(5) and ?*(50) indicate the complex dynamic viscosities (unit, Pa·s) as measured under the conditions of a temperature of 250° C. and oscillation frequencies of 5 and 50 rad/sec, respectively] of 0.50 or smaller; and (iv) has an average particle diameter of 1 mm or smaller. The thermoplastic polymer powder is suitable for use in molding techniques employing a powder, such as slush molding and in powder coating.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a weakly ionic and water-soluble copolymer as a grinding aid agent for grinding mineral matter in aqueous suspension in order to obtain aqueous suspensions of refined mineral matter, with a dry matter concentration that can be high, with a low Brookfield™ viscosity that remains stable over time, having the property that it presents a pigmentary surface area the ionic charge of which, as determined by ionic titration, is low. The invention relates to the aqueous suspensions of mineral matter obtained and their use in the fields of paper, paint and plastics.

Abstract: A method of milling substantially insoluble solid organic biocides to form a micron or sub-micron product having a narrow particle size distribution is presented. The milling involves wet milling of the organic biocide with high density milling media having a diameter between 0.1 mm and 0.8 mm, preferably between 0.2 mm and 0.7 mm, and a density equal to or greater than 3.8 g/cc, preferably greater than 5.5 g/cc, in a ball mill using between about 40% and 80% loading of the mill volume with milling media, and having the organic biocide suspended in an aqueous milling liquid which comprises one or more surface active agents. The milling speed is preferably high, for example from about 1000 rpm to about 4000 rpm.

Abstract: Disinfection of waste can be carried out at ambient temperature and pressure by first cutting the waste into small pieces to expose surfaces in the waste and then spraying the waste pieces with disinfectant. Effective disinfection is obtained thereby without having to heat, cool, or pressurize the waste during cutting or disinfection.

Abstract: A method to produce photo-catalyst physical water molecule for medical purposes includes the following steps: mixing aqua pura and TiO2 at the ratio of 1:1 at a temperature range of 50 to 60° C. to be ground and refrigerated in flasks of a first semi-product; adding aqua pura at the ratio of 1:1 and mixing well to become a second semi-product; diluting with aqua pura and mixing well to indicate a viscosity of 800 to 10000 centipoises; storing the solution in a sealed and transparent container to undergo photosynthesis for 24 hours at a temperature range of 40 to 50° C.; ridding off 1% suspension and foreign matters and impurities of the sediments to avail solution of 20% solid containment; finally diluting with approximately 100% aqua pura to 0.3 to 0.8%.

Abstract: Disinfection of waste can be carried out at ambient temperature and pressure by first cutting the waste into small pieces to expose surfaces in the waste and then spraying the waste pieces with disinfectant. Effective disinfection is obtained thereby without having to heat, cool, or pressurize the waste during cutting or disinfection.

Abstract: The present invention provides a producing method of powder particles having an average particle diameter on the order of submicrons. Specifically, the producing method is a producing method of powder particles obtained by grinding a product to be ground by using plural grinding media, wherein the grinding media including at least one kind (grinding medium A) having an average particle diameter of 0.01 to 5 times and at least one kind (grinding medium B) having an average particle diameter of 10 to 450 times, with respect to the average particle diameter of the product to be ground before being ground, are used.

Abstract: Installation for enhanced oil recovery comprising in succession: a polymer storage hopper, a grinding device, a dissolution/maturation tank for the dispersed polymer, and a pump for transferring pressurized polymer solution in the pipeline conveying the injection water for introducing the mixture of polymer and injection water into a well. The grinding device has a chamber for grinding and draining the dispersed polymer comprising a rotor and a stator, and on all or part of the periphery of the chamber, a ring fed by a secondary water circuit. The ring communicates with the chamber for spraying of pressurised water on the blades of the stator. A method implementing the installation is also provided.

Abstract: Fine particulate polymer drag reducing agent (DRA) in bi-modal or multi-modal particle size distributions may be produced simply and efficiently without cryogenic temperatures. The grinding or pulverizing of polymer, such as poly(alpha-olefin) suitable for reducing drag in flowing hydrocarbons may be achieved by the use of at least one liquid grinding aid and at least two grinding processors in series. The impellers of the grinders are of different openness so that granulated polymer fed to the first processor having a relatively more open impeller is ground to an intermediate size which is fed to the second processor having a relatively more closed impeller which grinds the polymer to a second, smaller size. A non-limiting example of a suitable liquid grinding aid includes a blend of propylene glycol, water and hexanol. Particulate DRA may be produced at a size of about 300 microns or less in only two passes.

Abstract: A method of recovering the metal from automobile scrap and electronic waste. It includes separating the automobile scrap and the electronic waste to provide some metal pieces, washing and/or shredding and/or selecting said metal pieces to provide some groups of metal pieces having the same metal element, making a full-elemental analysis, comparing the weight of different metal pieces having the same metal element and attaining different combinations of value, weighted averaging the combination of value to calculate the full-elemental weighted average according to the different combinations of value, comparing said different full-elemental weighted averaging to different composite material, and finding a optimal set or some optimal sets, further disposing metal pieces according to the optimal set, and manufacturing alloy. Present invention has a lot of advantages, such as reducing pollution and cost, and processing more waste.

Abstract: A process for forming a dispersion of milled solid particles of a compound comprising forming a milling mixture of a liquid medium, milling media having an average particle size of less than or equal to about 300 microns, and a solid compound in a mixing vessel, and agitating the milling mixture with a mixer to contact the milling media and solid compound and to reduce the solid compound to a desired average particle size to form a dispersion of milled solid particles in the liquid medium, wherein the volume ratio of the milling media to the combined volume of the liquid media and solid compound in the milling mixture is less than 1, a rotor-stator mixer comprising rotor and stator elements separated by a rotor-stator gap of greater than the average particle size of the milling media and not greater than about 2.

Abstract: A process for preparing compacted pigment granules, a process for preparing encapsulated pigment granules, and a process for dyeing landscaping and/or construction materials using the same.

Abstract: This invention comprises: (1) a wet grinding method for enhancing the activity of an aluminum or an aluminum/zirconium salt without the dilution and heating traditionally required wherein the enhancement is described as forming a salt wherein the amount of smaller aluminum species as represented by Peak 4+Peak 5 is increased by an amount of at least 10% over the parent salt; and, if zirconium is present, the area of Peak 1 in the parent salt is at least 10% greater than the area of Peak 1 after grinding; (2) an enhanced aluminum or aluminum/zirconium salt itself, and (3) anhydrous (less than 4% water excluding waters of hydration for the enhanced salt) antiperspirant and/or deodorant products made with the salts described in (2).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high pressure homogenizing apparatus and a method thereof for finely dividing a fine solid material or fibrous cellulose of chemical, medical, and resin products in a suspension as a dispersion or emulsification, or finely dividing by crushing cell membranes of fungi with high efficiency. The apparatus of the present invention is free from damage of valves so that its maintenance and control become easy. The high pressure homogenizing apparatus to finely divide a raw material in the suspension includes a high pressure homogenizing device having an orifice, a raw material receiving passage connected to the high pressure homogenizing device, a processing piston, and a processing recess disposed in a receiver.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a device and a process for conversion of biodegradable waste into organic fertilizer and fuel for heating. The organic fertilizer produced by the disclosed method provides nutrients to plants and at the same time improves moisture retaining capacity of the soil, prevents erosion and leaching.

Abstract: Method for comminuting and cleaning waste plastic, in particular, mixed plastic (MKS) with the following steps: a compacted material, especially, an agglomerate is produced from film scraps or film remnants comminuted into flakes and/or thick-walled plastic parts chopped up into chips, the compacted material is introduced into a disc or drum refiner and is ground therein in the presence of water, wherein the portion of compacted material of the goods located in the refiner amounts to at least 10 percent by weight, a fine grain fraction is removed from the ground stock exiting from the refiner, the remaining ground stock is washed and either mechanically dewatered and dried, or pulverized again in a further refiner stage in the presence of water, and subsequently dewatered and dried.

Abstract: A method of milling cerium compound by means of a ball mill using a milling medium, characterized in that ratio Hb/r of radius r of a cylindrical ball mill container and depth Hb of the milling medium in the ball mill container disposed horizontally ranges from 1.2 to 1.9, and the ball mill container is rotated at a rotational speed which is 50% or less of critical rotational speed Nc=299/r1/2 of the ball mill container converted from the radius r expressed in centimeter. The milling method can be carried out in a wet or dry process, and the cerium compound is preferably cerium oxide. The method can be also applied for producing a cerium compound slurry.

Abstract: A method of com fractionation wherein the resulting high starch concentration endosperm is subsequently used for ethanol production or dry milling is described. The method includes: providing substantially cleaned corn kernels, tempering the corn; screen processing to properly size the com fractions; density separation of the primary fractions; rolling and/or screening the products to produce three main fractions consisting of high starch Endosperm, high oil Germ and high fibre Bran.

Abstract: A method of processing oilfield weighting agents for pneumatic transference including treating a weight material ore with a chemical additive to produce a treated weighting agent and grinding the treated weighting agent to produce a ground treated weighting agent including a substantially homogenized mixture of the chemical additive and a ground weighting agent. Furthermore, the method includes classifying the ground weighting agent by size, discharging the ground treated weighting agent from the mill, and trapping the ground treated weighting agent in a storage vessel. Also, a method of processing oilfield weighting agents for pneumatic transference including grinding a weight material ore in a mill, wherein the grinding produces a ground weighting agent, and discharging the ground weighting agent from the mill.

Abstract: Polysaccharide is wet pulverized by ejecting a liquid dispersion of polysaccharide from a pair of nozzles under a high pressure of 70 to 250 MPa to form a pair of jets so that the jets collide against each other. The nozzles are oriented to define a collision angle of 95-178° and the number of pulverizing cycles is adjusted such that the polysaccharide is pulverized to an average particle length which is equal to or less than ¼ of the initial average particle length while undergoing a reduction in degree of polymerization of less than 10%.

Abstract: The present invention provides a used paper diaper processing method comprising: a swell suppressing step for immersing a used paper diaper in a swell suppressant solution to suppress the swelling of the polymer with high water absorbability; a breakup step for breaking up the paper diaper subsequent to the swell suppressing step while stirring the same immersed in a processing liquid, into a cover material breakup substance and an absorbing material breakup substance; a cover material breakup substance removing step for removing the cover material breakup substance; a filtering step for filtering the processing liquid containing the absorbing material breakup substance and excreta to separate and remove the absorbing material breakup substance; and a liquid discharging step for discharging the processing liquid containing excreta into a sewage treatment facility; and an absorbing material breakup substance recovering step for recovering the absorbing material breakup substance separated and removed by the fi

Abstract: A method for producing a particulate polymer drag reducing agent, comprising granulating a bulk polymer DRA having an average size of greater than about 100 mm in the presence of a liquid wetting agent to form a granulated polymer DRA having an average size of from about 1 to about 100 mm. The granulated polymer DRA may then be ground to form a particulate polymer DRA having an average particle size of less than about 1 mm. The “wet” granulation process may advantageously enable one-step granulation and therefore simplified production of polymer DRAs. Examples of the liquid wetting agent include blends of glycols with water and/or an alcohol. Preferred production apparatus includes use of multiple rotary jaws for the granulation.

Abstract: A wellbore fluid having an oleaginous phase and an additive for increasing the density of the wellbore fluid. The additive comprises solid colloidal particles coated with a dispersant during the comminution process of forming the particles. Exemplary starting materials for the colloidal particles include commonly known weighting agents as well as mixture and combinations thereof. The dispersant in one embodiment, is selected from carboxylic acids of molecular weight of at least 150 Daltons. Alternatively, the dispersant coating may be made of compounds including oleic acid, polybasic fatty acids, alkylbenzene sulfonic acids, alkane sulfonic acids, linear alpha-olefin sulfonic acid or the alkaline earth metal salts of any of the above acids, and phospholipids as well as mixtures and combinations of these compounds. In another embodiment the dispersant is a polyacrylate ester having an average molecular weight from about 10,000 Daltons to about 200,000 Daltons.

Abstract: A process for preparing ground resin particles is provided by modifying a jet mill with opposed fluidized bed. By using a jet mill having a plurality of jet nozzles disposed at predetermined positions in a barrel of a grinding chamber toward the injection point of the grinding chamber and a bottom wall having a flat surface in part or in whole, parallel to the jet nozzles, or having a conical projection immediately below the injection point, resin particles to be ground are jetted with or without water, thereby being ground to obtain ground resin particles of an intended particle size.

Abstract: A method is described for the manufacture of hydrotalcites by using at least one compound of a bivalent metal (Component A) and at least one compound of a trivalent metal (Component B), wherein at least one of these components is not used in the form of a solution, characterized in that a) at least one of the Components A and/or B which is not used in the form of a solution, shortly before or during mixing of the components, and/or b) the mixture containing the Components A and B is subjected to intensive grinding until an average particle size (D50) in the range of approx. 0.1 to 5 ?m is obtained, and optionally, after aging treatment or hydrothermal treatment, the resulting hydrotalcite product is separated, dried, and optionally calcinated.

Abstract: Paper shredders are maintained using lubrication substrates that have been treated with or that carry a lubricant. The lubrication substrate is fed through the shredding mechanism of a paper shredder. Rather than requiring disassembly of the paper shredder, maintenance and lubrication can be performed by passing the lubrication substrate through the shredding mechanism. The lubrication substrates can take any of a variety of forms, such as a tissue that is encased in a cellophane or plastic envelope and is impregnated with oil. The lubrication substrates can instead have an array of small tubes that carry oil. In another example, the lubrication substrates can take for them of a bubble sheet that carries oil within the bubbles.

Abstract: In order to provide an aluminum flake pigment having excellent metallic luster, fine-grainedness and a plating-like appearance presenting silvery classiness, an aluminum flake pigment, obtained by grinding aluminum powder in an organic solvent, having an average thickness (t) in the range of 0.025 ?m to 0.08 ?m and an average particle diameter (D50) in the range of 8 ?m to 30 ?m is provided. This aluminum powder is preferably prepared by an atomized method. A ball mill is preferably used as a grinder for performing this grinding.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for manufacturing bleached thermomechanical aspen pulp having reduced yellow after treatment with aluminum based chemicals such as alum which are used in paper making processes. In this improved process the pulp is washed prior to, after or between the bleaching stages or a combination of the foregoing.

Abstract: Organic pigments are conditioned by introducing a liquid prepigment suspension into a miniaturized continuous reactor and thermally treating therein.

Abstract: A grinding process for forming a slurry of nanoparticles, consists of the following steps: forming a mixture by mixing a matrix, a dispersant and dispersing media together; adding a pre-treated grinding-media into the mixture; wherein the grinding-media are glass beads with an average particle diameter of less than 100 □m; milling or grinding the mixture; and separating the grinding-media from the mixture to get a slurry of nanoparticles. A pigment dispersion produced from the grinding process illustrated above is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sustained release composition comprising micron particles of labile agent and a method of preparing and using the sustained release composition. The invention further relates to micron particles of a labile agent and a method of preparing the micron particles.

Abstract: A niobium hydride or niobium hydride alloy is ground at a temperature of −200 to 30° C. in the presence of a dispersion medium to obtain a niobium powder for capacitors, having a low oxygen content, the niobium powder for capacitors is granulated to obtain a niobium granulated product for capacitors, having an average particle size of 10 to 500 &mgr;m, the niobium powder or granulated powder for capacitors is sintered to obtain a sintered body, and a capacitor is fabricated by forming a dielectric material on the surface of the sintered body and providing another part electrode on the dielectric material, whereby a capacitor having good LC characteristics and less dispersed in the LC characteristics is obtained.

Abstract: A method of accelerated remediation or bioremediation of contaminated material such as manure-contaminated material is provided comprising generating a treated contaminated material entraining air stream at a velocity sufficient for entraining the contaminated material therein. The contaminated material is entrained in the air stream and is then microenfractionated to form a microenfractionated contaminated material. Finally, the microenfractionated contaminated material is treated with a least one chemical amendment and/or one biological amendment thereby facilitating the accelerated remediation or bioremediation. The chemical amendment can comprise either a chemical oxidizing agent, a chelating agent, or a metallic reducing agent. The preferred metallic reducing agents are zero valent iron, zero valent zinc, zero valent tin, zero valent manganese and zero valent aluminum.

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing and/or crushing substances into fine particles is disclosed, wherein the apparatus includes a fluid flow path that is formed by a first structural member having a plurality of cells thereon, each having its front side open, and a second structural member having a plurality of cells thereon, each having its front side open; the first structural member and the second structural member are arranged adjacently to each other such that the open front sides of the cells on one structural member face opposite the open front sides of the corresponding cells on the other structural member, with the cells on one structural member being placed in alternate positions with regard to the corresponding cells on the other structural member, and with each of the cells on one structural member communicating with at least one or more of the cells on the other structural member, wherein when a right-angled isosceles triangle is given and when a line segment connecting between any arbitrary point on the two

Abstract: A titanium dioxide compound was isolated from a rare type of naturally occurring ore. Processes for efficiently isolating and obtaining these TiO2 compounds, as well as methods for using them have been developed. These TiO2 compounds may be used directly in applications such as paper, plastics and paints without being subjected to the chloride or sulfate processes. Also they made be used as a feedstock for the chloride or sulfate processes. In order to obtain these TiO2 compounds, one may grind or pulverize the naturally occurring ore, disperse it in a solution or suspension, and process it by selective flocculation or aqueous biphasic extraction.

Abstract: This invention comprises: (1) a wet grinding method for enhancing the activity of an aluminum or an aluminum/zirconium salt without the dilution and heating traditionally required wherein the enhancement is described as forming a salt wherein the amount of smaller aluminum species as represented by Peak 4+Peak 5 is increased by an amount of at least 10% over the parent salt; and, if zirconium is present, the area of Peak 1 in the parent salt is at least 10% greater than the area of Peak 1 after grinding; (2) an enhanced aluminum or aluminum/zirconium salt itself; and (3) anhydrous (less than 4% water excluding waters of hydration for the enhanced salt) antiperspirant and/or deodorant products made with the salts described in (2).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of reducing particle size by the use of a supercritical gas, such as carbon dioxide or a refrigerant. The material is swollen by the supercritical gas at a high pressure. After the material has been allowed to swell under a high pressure, the pressure is rapidly dropped. When the external pressure is rapidly dropped, the material explodes as the supercritical gas absorbed into the material rapidly expands outward.