Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided for breaking the glass components of articles comprised of glass and nonglass components and liberating the glass components from the nonglass components by subjecting the articles to controlled vibrations sufficient to break the glass without breaking the nonglass components. The apparatus is a vibratory device having a screen deck and a plate deck. The screen deck has holes through which the broken glass falls to the plate deck. The nonglass components remain on the screen deck. Thereafter, the nonglass components are removed by one or more of a variety of means. The glass may be further processed by cleaning, rinsing and further crushing to size the glass pieces. Glass of different types may optionally be separated by taking advantage of the differences in specific gravities between glass types.

Abstract: A machine for producing granulate from meltable compounds comprises a stationary inner drum and a rotary outer drum mounted on the inner drum. Melted compound contained within the inner drum drips onto a cooling belt when openings in the outer and inner drums become vertically aligned. A bearing/sealing assembly is disposed at each end of the inner drum. Each bearing/sealing assembly includes a bearing for rotatably supporting the outer drum, and a seal for resisting the leakage of particles beyond the drums. An annulus surrounds the seal and includes a downwardly directed discharge opening enabling particles which have leaked past the seal to fall from the assembly without reaching and fouling the bearing.

Abstract: A concrete reclaimer includes a concrete processor having a rotating inclined screen and a pipe discharging water. Fresh concrete being disposed is poured into an open end of the rotating screen, and migrates toward the opposite open end. The concrete passes over a fine mesh and then a coarse mesh screen, washing out cement slurry when passing over the former, and removing sand when passing over the latter. Gravel is discharged from the remaining screen open end. Specially configured nozzles are arranged in a particular pattern along the pipe. Collection and storage pits are provided for the resultant segregated cement slurry, sand, and gravel. In a preferred embodiment, a concrete processor includes a five horsepower pump and a ten horsepower screen rotation motor.

Abstract: An improved high-pressure roll press process for forming finish ground cement is disclosed and is achieved by treating the material entering the roll press with a small amount of a hydroxyl or alkoxyl compound selected from lignin, phenol or monopropylene glycol or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An (Fe, Co)-B-R tetragonal type magnet having a high corrosion resistance, which has a boundary phase stabilized by Co and Al against corrosion, and which consists essentially of:0.2-3.0 at % Dy and 12-17 at % of the sum of Nd and Dy;5-10 at % B;0.5-13 at % Co;0.5-4 at % Al; andthe balance being at least 65 at % Fe.0.1-1.0 at % of Ti and/or Nb may be present. Alloy powders therefor can be also stabilized.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method for its use in cleaning comminuted thermoplastic material for reuse in manufacture of molded plastic products. Batches of plastic including adherent label materials and adhesives are agitated by a rotor until frictionally heated to a predetermined temperature. A flow of air is used to carry away loosened labels and adhesives. A small amount of water is introduced as a spray to dissolve adhesives and soften remaining label materials further, while loosened pieces continue to be removed in a stream of air. Thereafter, remaining adherent particles are removed in an aspirator providing a multi-stage cascade through counter-currents of air, and the particle-carrying air is then cleaned in a cyclone separator.

Abstract: A fat-reduced, edible, water-in-oil spread is produced by heating a fat which is normally solid at room temperature so as to melt a substantial proportion of less thermally stable crystals in the fat; homogeneously admixing sufficient water to the heated fat to reduce the proportion of fat in the resulting admixture; cooling the admixture to crystallize a substantial proportion of the uncrystallized fat and produce a pumpable plastic mass; and subjecting the pumpable plastic mass to cutting and mixing in a turbine-like comminuting device while limiting the temperature rise of the plastic mass.

Abstract: A process for disintegrating an agglomerated mass of silica fine powder comprises introducing the silica fine powder into an impact portion defined by either a rotatory strip and a fixed strip or two rotatory strips, and having a gap therebetween of 0.5 to 10 mm and mechanically impacting the silica fine powder by at the impact portion to disintegrate the agglomerated mass.

Abstract: A novel method of preparing a new transition alumina fractured into ultra-fine particles which have utility inter alia as catalysts. The method of preparing this new alumina fractured into ultra-fine particles comprises: (a) introducing an alkali metal into the pores of a porous alumina, and (b) immersing the alkali metal-treated alumina in water whereupon hydrogen gas is generated and fractures the alumina into ultra-fine particles.

Abstract: A nodulizing machine for use in an apparatus for making loose fill insulation from mineral fibers comprises an input portal, a conduit containing a plurality of blades and an output portal. Apparatus for making loose fill insulation from mineral fibers comprises a duct extending from a source of the mineral fibers to the nodulizing machine of the present invention. The apparatus includes flow rate control means to control the flow rate of air and mineral fibers in the apparatus. A process for making loose fill insulation from mineral fibers in association with the apparatus of the invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: A fluid jet shredder apparatus includes a conveyor for conveying a stream of material to be shredded. The conveyor has openings formed therein. A shredding station in position adjacent the conveyor and includes a fluid jet cutting nozzle directing a high pressure jet of fluid onto the stream of material. As a result, portions of the material are separated from the stream of material. The separated portions of material pass through the openings in the conveyor. A subsequent shredding station can be positioned downstream of the initial shredding station for directing a second and higher pressure jet of fluid onto the stream of material. The subsequent shredding station can therefore shred material which the initial, relatively lower pressure fluid jet failed to shred from the stream. Sequential shredding stations of incrementally increased pressure can progressively shred material of increased hardness from the stream. The fluid jets can selectively include an abrasive material.

Abstract: In order to provide a granular material for use as a filler for plastics material and adapted to improve the thermal, mechanical and aesthetic characteristics of the plastics material incorporating it, the wood flour is impregnated with an aqueous solution of melamine resin and dimethyl ketone or methyl-ethyl ketone and, after drying, the mass of wood flour thus impregnated is milled to obtain granules of dimensions suitable for inclusion in the matrix of the plastics material.

Abstract: A process for producing a slurry of a pulverized carbonaceous material having a predetermined particle size distribution with a certain average particle size and a certain maximum particle size is described.

Abstract: A method for pulverizing a material comprises having the material packed into an ice tube and frozen to form a composite ice pillar. The pillar is ground from one end thereof on a grinder. The outer tube serves to prevent the material from being scattered prematurely before being sufficiently pulverized. This method assures pulverization to a fine powder, at one operation, and a low cost.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for mechanically removing a sulphur containing layer from lumped lime, wherein the lumped lime is accelerated from a bottom member by a mechanical impulse and projected from the bottom member against a processing surface having profiles provided over partial sections thereof to remove the sulphur containing layer, when the lumped lime returns to the bottom member and the process is repeated along a conveying path for the lumped lime for a determined length of time, or for as long as it takes to achieve the desired removal of the sulphur containing layer.

Abstract: This process for fractionating solid asphalts is operable under low temperature and pressure conditions.The process consists of treating a suspension of asphalt powder in a surfactant-containing aqueous phase by means of a hydrocarbon solvent immiscible with water and of separating:an hydrocarbon phase containing asphalt of softening point lower than that of the initial asphalt, andan aqueous phase wherein is suspended asphalt of softening point higher than that of the initial asphalt.

Abstract: A process is provided for the separation of a solid into its constituent lyophobic and lyophilic components by comminution and agglomeration in liquids to which the two components are respectively lyophobic and lyophilic. The process has particular application in coal beneficiation wherein ash particles are liberated into a water phase and coal particles are agglomerated with oil. The operations of comminuting and agglomerating are combined in a single step by performing the process in a mill having positive transport capability.

Abstract: Hydraulic cements such as Portland cement are interground with diesters formed by reacting a polyol (e.g. alkylene glycol) with a monobasic carboxylic acid (e.g. acetic acid) to enhance the efficiency of the grinding operation.

Abstract: A process for conveying a raw coal as a slurry via a pipeline. High ash content material is dissociated from the raw coal during preparation and pipelining of the coal which enhances the rheology of the slurry. As a result, coarse run-of-mine coal can be transported as a slurry directly to a remote location with little or no pretreatment.

Abstract: Process for treatment of brown coal which comprises subjecting the said coal to shearing forces to produce a plastic mass which is capable of conversion by subsequent compaction and drying into a fuel of increased density and enhanced calorific value, is characterized in that the water content of the coal is more than 54% and the shearing forces are applied for less than one hour, shorter times being preferred, for example less than 30 seconds. A preferred embodiment provides a continuous process in which the coal is treated in a machine that subjects it to sequential steps of shearing and extrusion in a continuous manner. The extruded product after drying provides the fuel of increased density and enhanced calorific value. The desired effect may also be obtained by treating part of a quantity of brown coal and blending the treated portion with the untreated remainder of the said quantity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition adapted for use in coating pellets orally administrable to ruminants which protects the core material in the rumen and releases it in the abomasum comprising a film-forming polymeric material, a hydrophobic material dispersed in said polymeric material, and a physiologically acceptable flake material dispersed in said polymeric material, the flake material having been treated by bringing the particles into rubbing contact with the hydrophobic material so that the surface of the particles of flake material become hydrophobic.

Abstract: Hydraulic cements such as Portland cement are interground with diesters formed by reacting a polyol (e.g. alkylene glycol) with a monobasic carboxylic acid (e.g. acetic acid) to enhance the efficiency of the grinding operation.

Abstract: A fuel of increased density and calorific value is produced by subjecting brown coal to shearing forces to produce a wet plastic mass which is subsequently compacted and dried.

Abstract: A method of making a compacted body useful in the fabrication of an improved, fully densified silicon nitride ceramic is disclosed. Silicon powder, oxygen carrying agents, and a dry lubricant (an aliphatic acrylate resin) are admixed. The lubricant is selected to have a low surface energy value less than 28 dyne/cm, have a glass transition temperature of -43.degree. to -82.degree. C., and a molecular weight equal to or less than 5000. The admixture is milled to a desired average particle size no greater than 35 microns. The milled mixture is then formed into a compact which can be nitrided and hot pressed to form a fully dense silicon nitride object.

Abstract: Metal powder-oxide compositions are provided suitable for forming high strength composite products. The compositions comprise powdered flake-like metal alloys having a thickness between 0.5 and 2 microns wherein the oxide comprises between 0.5 and 5 weight percent of the composite compositions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a synthetic board from cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials wherein a thermosettable binder, preferably a polyisocyanate binder, is applied through a cooled nozzle to the hot and wet fibrous material in the blow line out of the refiner of a board forming process. Polyphenylpolyisocyanates, such as a mixture of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate and polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanates, are a particularly suitable binder.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for treating for disposal organic waste material carried within a sludge, by adding to the sludge an alkali metal silicate and a setting agent, is disclosed. The apparatus includes several mixers, each having a trough with an input end and a discharge end, at least one rotatable shaft mounted longitudinally along the trough, a plurality of blades mounted to the shaft, and a drive for rotating the shaft. The sludge is deposited within a first mixer, and then directed from the mixer into a tank. A series of chopper pumps recirculate the sludge into the tank, and alternatively, the sludge may be passed through an additional mixer. Leaving the tank, the sludge is directed into a second mixer at its input end. Water is introduced at the input end, and a setting agent is added along the trough at a point adjacent the input end. Further along the trough, an alkali metal silicate is introduced. The mixture is recovered from the second mixer, and carried to a remote location for setting.

Abstract: Metal flake of improved reflectivity is produced by a method comprising wet ball milling a metal powder in the presence of a lubricant comprising an organometallic compound.

Abstract: A method and system for conducting wet grinding of mined phosphate rock before utilizing the same for the production of phosphoric acid by the wet process method, the method comprising the steps of: (1) wet grinding the phosphate rock in a medium of fresh water at a first stage so as to form a fresh water slurry comprising ground rock and fresh water, (2) sending the fresh water slurry from the first stage to a second stage, (3) dewatering the fresh water slurry at the second stage so as to recover most of the fresh water from the slurry and leave substantially only wet ground rock, (4) recycling the fresh water recovered at the second stage back to the first stage for use in further wet grinding, (5) sending the ground rock from the second stage to a third stage, (6) refluidizing the ground rock at the third stage with acidic pond water so as to form a pond water slurry comprising ground rock and pond water, and (7) thereafter passing the pond water slurry on to a reactor for standard processing so as to pro

Abstract: Metal flake of improved conductivity is produced by a method comprising wet ball milling a powder of a conductive metal in the presence of a lubricant comprising an organometallic compound.

Abstract: An economical process for treating the acidic pond water to be used in the internal grinding circuit of a wet process phosphoric acid plant. Water is added to a quantity of a hydratable calcium compound, such as quicklime, to form a slaked lime slurry. A sufficient quantity of the slaked lime slurry is reacted with the acidic pond water to obtain a low fluoride solution having a fluoride content less than about 300 ppm and a pH in the range from about 2.0 to about 3.0, preferentially in the range 2.6-2.8, whereby calcium fluoride is precipitated. The precipitate bearing low fluoride solution is then clarified and the precipitate removed as underflow from the clarifier and transferred to the gypsum pond. In the preferred embodiment, the clarified low fluoride water is fed to the ball mill and is mixed with the phosphate rock being crushed.

Abstract: Disclosed is the preparation of micro-bits of expanded styrene-polymers and of expanded polyolefins by comminuting the styrene-polymer or polyolefin in a particular combination of comminuting steps in a suitable comminutor that can provide that combination of steps and in the presence of water as a cooling agent. The polymer micro-bits, which are produced as an aqueous slurry, may be rendered dry-to-the-touch by vacuum filtration followed by passage through a filter press.

Abstract: Much better control of the grind of a rotary mill and much more uniformity of grind of the mill is achieved by better control of air flow through the mill, provided by making the milled product collecting pan of the mill air-tight and regulating the amount of in allowed to escape from the pan. The apparatus of the invention includes a housing in which are mounted two discs in spaced, confronting axial alignment, each disc having extending therefrom toward the other disc concentric rows of teeth. The rows of teeth overlap so that alternating rows of radially spaced, interposed teeth are formed. One of the discs is adapted to be rotated in relation to the other disc and grain to be milled, along with any air flow through the mill, is introduced through an inlet to the area between the discs inwardly of the innermost rows of teeth. An outlet into a substantially air tight collecting pan is provided for the milled material after it passes radially outwardly through the interposed row of teeth.

Abstract: A rock and ore pulverizer or crusher device having a generally cylindrical elongate mortar defining a crushing chamber. The mortar is rockable or oscillable by means of a cradle which is driven through an eccentric drive apparatus. A generally cylindrical elongate pestle is secured within the mortar and independently retained therein by a flexible cable and swivel arrangement. The head end of the pestle is preferably tapered and provided with grooves to retain the material fed into the device. The entire device is installed at a desired inclination and material is introduced into a feed trough ahead of the pestle to be crushed as the material moves along the pestle and relative motion is imparted between.

Abstract: A process of upgrading garnieritic ores, oxidized nickelifer ores of lateritic origin which includes subjecting the ore to controlled attrition and classifying particles so formed according to their size, those having a dimension smaller than a predetermined value being recovered.

Abstract: A disk magazine particularly useful as a tool holder for a universal drilling and milling machine comprises a disk having a plurality of tool holders disposed at fixed intervals on the outer perimeter and a drive means for rotating the disk in steps corresponding to the spacing between the tool holders. The disk comprises a connected pair of spaced apart flat plates. In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the plates is an annular plate having recessed regions on its inner periphery and the drive means comprises a Geneva drive mechanism for engaging the recessed regions. This disk magazine can be conveniently mounted on a universal drilling and milling machine with the disk horizontal above the headstock.

Abstract: Novel metal flake pigments suitable for use in coating compositions, which have a good filtration property and good dispersion stability, and which produce coatings having good specular gloss, sharpness of image and hiding power, are presented. These metal flake powders contain metal flakes, between which no substantial aggregation is formed and which have a specific surface area, determined by a BET method, of 65 through 250 m.sup.2 /cm.sup.3, and have such a particle size distribution that at least 99.5% of the flakes pass through a screen having an opening size of 20 microns and at least 90% of the flakes pass through a screen having an opening size of 5 microns. These metal flakes are produced by wet milling small metal pieces or particulates in the presence of a milling aid, including higher fatty acids and the derivatives thereof, in an amount sufficient to cover the surfaces of the metal flakes in a bi-molecule layer.

Abstract: Metallic glass powder is prepared by charging a solid metallic glass body with hydrogen to effect embrittlement, followed by comminution of the embrittled metallic glass body.

Abstract: A salt grinding process for comminuting crude pigments in which corn syrup, corn syrup solids or molasses are added to a blend of crude pigment and salt to permit the process to be carried out in a continuous process as well as in a batch process with less expended energy and less salt than when the corn syrup or molasses is not present.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a milling machine including a heated rotatable drum connected to means for supplying coarsely crushed coal and preheated oil to the drum wherein the coal becomes finely ground and homogeneously mixed with the oil, and having a discharge duct rotatably connected to the drum and slidably connected to a stationary discharge tower in which the coal/oil slurry is separated from water evaporated from the coal during milling.

Abstract: A process for converting a crude, coarsely crystalline perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide of the formula ##STR1## where A is unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, an unsaturated 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic ring which contains one or two nitrogen atoms and may be fused to a benzene nucleus, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, or C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 -alkyl which is substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, phenyl or C-acylamino, to a pigmentary form, wherein the crude pigment, in aqueous suspension, is comminuted in a high-speed mill in the absence of a surfactant.The pigments obtained give pure shade colorations of high to extremely high hiding power, and have a high tinctorial strength in white reductions.

Abstract: A process for making aluminum flake pigment by reducing aluminum to flake form in the presence of a milling agent, wherein the milling agent comprises isostearic acid, alone or together with a small amount of other, nonleafing milling agents. The product is a substantially nonleafing pigment constituted of aluminum flake particles having a surface layer of isostearic acid milling agent residue.

Abstract: A rotary mill for milling particulate material is described.

Abstract: A flame retardant thermal insulation material comprising a dry, shredded cellulosic material, such as newsprint, which is coated with a dry phosphorous-containing, flame retardant composition. The composition is one which is capable of decomposing near the ignition temperature of the shredded paper, which is between 120 degrees and Celsius and 250 degrees Celsius and preferably includes a plurality of compounds which decompose at different temperatures spaced within this range to provide the stagewise release of combustion inhibiting agents. The composition can be a single compound such as calcium phosphate but preferably is a combination of similar compounds such as (NH.sub.4).sub.2 HPO.sub.4, CaH.sub.4 (PO.sub.4).sub.2, CaHPO.sub.4 and triple super phosphate. Further, the phosphorous composition is preferably combined with urea. Elemental sulfur powder may be included with any of the previous compositions as a smoke retardant.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a method of making flaked metal powders having a narrow particle size distribution, a whiter color and a very high sparkle effect. A heterogeneous liquid system comprising an inert liquid and a lubricant and including a finely divided metal is subjected to attrition in an enclosure in which there are a plurality of attritive elements. An agitator is moved through the elements to displace those in its path. In this method, the weight ratio of attritive elements to finely divided metal is between 70:1 and 90:1, the weight ratio of finely divided metal to lubricant is between 100:1 to 20:1 and the weight ratio of inert liquid to finely divided metal is between 0.5:1 to 2.5:1. Flaked Al, Cu, brass, stainless steel, nickel, cupro nickel powders and the like are obtained by this method.

Abstract: Finely comminuted particles of a normally solid thermoplastic organic polymer, which is particularly useful as a toner base for electrostatic reproduction utilizing pressure fusing on the toner, is prepared by dissolving a polymer in a normally solid first solvent, cooling the resulting solution to form a friable solid, and removing the first solvent from the solid, preferably by extraction with a normally liquid, relatively volatile, second solvent in which the polymer is substantially insoluble. When using the process to make magnetic mono-component toners, powered magnetic material and/or carbon black or other pigment are added to the solution of polymer and first solvent.

Abstract: A reactant gas is mixed intimately with a liquid and/or particulate solution in a pressurized container and agitated with high energy. Mixing occurs initially by spraying the liquid and gas together to form an emulsion with great surface contact between the reactants, and the emulsion mix is improved and maintained by agitating in the container. The container is carried on oscillatable supports and is driven by an imbalance drive for vertical oscillation in any of several configurations. Loose mixing balls or bodies are optionally carried in the container to increase the agitation and to grind solid particles carried into the solution. The grinding bodies also source protective reaction-deposited layers from the solid particles to speed the reaction. Pressure and temperature of the process is readily controlled.

Abstract: This application discloses a method of wet grinding crude phosphate rock containing clay minerals and the like impurities. The procedures of the invention produce a rock slurry of enhanced fluidity and a desired degree of economy; and the principles of the invention may be applied to rock slurries after size-reduction. The method of the invention contemplates introducing coarsely sized, crude phosphate rock with component clay minerals or the like into a grinding mill together with a suitable quantity of water and with an amount of a calcium-free alkaline amendment or additive material which is adequate to establish and maintain a pH of at least about 8.5 in the mixture.

Abstract: Minerals, which when mined are recovered in plate-shaped form, such as vermiculite, are efficiently concentrated in a process wherein the mined ore is passed over a series of revolving spaced rolls. Various preferred aspects of the process such as the use of rubber covered rolls, rolls having different spacing therebetween, etc., are also described.

Abstract: Recovery of paper fiber for reuse for waste paper materials containing plastic sheet and film is facilitated by the combination of a pulper in which the waste paper materials are pulped in a pulper equipped with a junk remover connected with the bottom of the pulper tub by a chute and provided with a pump constructed and arranged to maintain the hydrostatic head in the tub at a higher effective level than in the junk remover tower by circulating liquid from the tower back to the tub. The result is to cause transfer of the plastic and other lightweight trash to the junk remover for removal by its conveyor buckets and to prevent accumulation of lightweight trash in the tub to the extent that it interferes with extraction of the defibered paper slurry.