Abstract: A breaking machine having a disintegrator module, storage shaft, and a regulating shaft. Fibers are fed into a disintegrator module of the breaking machine and are thereafter led into a storage shaft. At this point, the fibers are alternatively exited from the machine or fowarded to a regulating shaft for recycling to the disintegrator module. The cycle may be reproduced several times and is automatically controlled by a control panel where preselected digital values are set to control the operation and cycling of the machine.

Abstract: Waste paper containing materials, e.g. commercial "waste paper", are treated for recovery of reusable paper therefrom by slushing in a pulper from which two fractions are continuously extracted--a first fraction through small holes, e.g. 3/16 inch in diameter, and a second fraction through substantially larger holes, e.g. 1 inch in diameter. The second fraction is screened, preferably after a centrifugal cleaning operation, in a screen having small perforations sized to accept only substantially defibered paper, and the accepts flow is mixed directly with the first extracted fraction. The reject flow from this screen is conducted, with or without an intermediate deflaking operation, to a tailing screen from which the accepts are recycled to the pulper and the rejects are eliminated from the system.

Abstract: Process of obtaining an anathase concentrate from an anathase ore comprehends the reduction of the anathase ore to dimensions inferior to 125 mm; disaggregation in water; classification of the suspension and elimination of slimes and silicates; grinding of the deslimed fraction and low intensity magnetic separation; grinding of the non-magnetic fraction to a value inferior to 32 mesh; calcining and slight reduction to turn the limonite and the hematite into magnetite and elimination of the magnetite in low intensity magnetic separator; and electrostatic separation of the non-magnetic fraction to obtain, as conductor, a final product which is rich in anathase and has a low grade of impurities.

Abstract: Coarsely crystalline crude dioxazine pigments are subjected to dry milling while maintaining their crystallinity as far as possible until the desired degree of fineness is reached and then treated with a solvent.

Abstract: Chrome plated plastic scrap is chopped into small pieces and then, while subjected to sub-zero temperatures, is centrifugally impacted thereby producing a mixture of particles of chrome and plastic. Most of the chrome particles are removed by subjecting the mixture to a magnetic field. The remaining, mostly plastic particles are classified to obtain usable, predominantly plastic particles within a predetermined size range, those particles exceeding this range being, if desired, recycled for subjection to said centrifugal impacting step. The usable particles are thus reclaimed for reuse, after repelletizing, in extrusion or molding techniques.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for micronizing solid carbonaceous material and preparing carbon oil mixtures. Micronization is accomplished by projecting particles of a carbonaceous material into the point where a number of fluid streams intersect and by then impacting the particles against a rotating cone. The resulting micronized particles are then separated from the fluid in which they are entrained and are mixed with fuel oil. A preferred fluid for use in this process is a gaseous mixture consisting of about fifty percent steam and fifty percent flue gas.

Abstract: Invention patent for "Process for preparation of raw material, minimizing the grain size degradation of anatase ore". The process basically consists of the removal of the minerals more resistant to comminution than anatase, before its grinding stage. The process includes the wet disaggregation of the ore, screening and crushing of the ore originating in the disaggregation step, classification, screening of the coarse product of the classification, magnetic concentration, grinding for liberation of anatase and desliming followed by thickening, filtering and drying of the material.

Abstract: Metal particles which are ductile at ambient temperature can be comminuted by being passed through a first impact mill at ambient temperature to increase their length to thickness ratio, embrittled, and then comminuted in a second impact mill.

Abstract: A process and plant for treating waste paper in which a beater is employed for rough-pulping the waste paper followed by a first sorting stage from which the separated-out foreign matter is processed further in a subsidiary circuit which includes a vibratory sorter for lightweight foreign matter and a hydrocyclone for heavy foreign matter, the fibers separated out during this further processing being returned again to the treatment process. In the first sorting stage, a sufficiently rigorous separation process is carried out to remove the greater part of the foreign matter, together with unpulped lumps of fibers, which is then passed to the subsidiary circuit in which it and half-stuffs still containing foreign matter, which have been sorted in the hydro-cyclone and in the vibratory sorter, are subjected together to a multi-stage further sorting and speck-removing process.

Abstract: Method of regeneration of plastics material with higher quality from scrapped plastics, in which scrapped plastics having deteriorated surface layer caused by, such as, exposure to ultraviolet rays etc. are chopped, broken or crushed into fragmented product and this product is subjected to agitation in the presence of aqueous medium and solid particles exhibiting higher hardness than the product to scrape off the deteriorated surface layer of the scrapped plastics, whereupon the plastics material is recovered.

Abstract: A method of economically producing a relatively rapidly soluble machine handleable particulate composite material from a material of relatively low solubility comprising pulverizing a material of low solubility, selecting a first appropriate size fraction from the pulverized material and mixing the selected fraction with a predetermined proportion of water to obtain a composite. The composite is dried at a predetermined temperature for a specified time. The dried composite is pulverized and a second selected appropriate size fraction is obtained. The second size fraction possesses increased solution solubility and machine handleability properties over the starting relatively low solubility material.

Abstract: Metal beads, e.g., magnesium beads, or Mg alloy beads, having a high degree of rotundity, and having a thin coating of sludge or slag ingredients, are recovered from entrapment in a friable contiguous material of sludge or slag material by (a) a primary milling of the friable matrix in a hammer mill or impact mill, (b) screening the material to collect the desired particle sizes, (c) attriting the material in a secondary milling operation to further, and gently, grind sludge material from around the beads, and (d) separating the rotund beads from the pulverized matrix material by using a shape-classifier, such as a slanted shaker table. The material may be treated beforehand by melting the metal-containing sludge or slag, adding a flux or emulsifier material with stirring to cause dispersion of the metal into a relatively narrow particle size range and then freezing the molten mixture. The invention is especially useful in the case of Mg beads, since Mg beads are malleable and pyrophoric.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of transporting liquid pitch containing lumpy coke wherein the lumpy coke contained in the liquid pitch is pulverized by a specific procedure and the pitch containing the thus pulverized coke is then transported. Disclosure is also made for a specific apparatus used for the method.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for processing a natural calcitic ore to yield a finely divided calcium carbonate particulate of very high brightness characteristics. The natural calcitic ore is initially coarse-milled to produce a product wherein no more than 5% by weight of the particulate is +325 mesh, and no more than 35% by weight of the particles are of less than 2 microns E.S.D. This coarse-milled product is then subjected as an aqueous slurry including less than 40% solids, to a froth flotation, which separates with the froth the relatively coarse colorbodies liberated in the initial grinding. The purified underflow is then dewatered to at least 60% solids by weight, and is wet-milled, as for example in a sand mill, to yield an output product wherein at least 80% by weight of the resultant particulate has an E.S.D. of less than 2 microns, the product being further characterized by a brightness of at least 94 on the G.E. scale.

Abstract: Moist municipal waste is subjected to a preliminary comminuting action to reduce the size of solid constituents to less than 100 mm, and the larger heavy particles are thereupon segregated from lighter particles which include relatively small fibrous particles and relatively large additional lighter particles. The additional lighter particles are segregated from the relatively small fibrous particles and are subjected to a severing action to reduce their size to a size not exceeding that of the lighter fibrous particles. The fibrous particles are thereupon mixed with severed additional particles, and the mixture is dried and ozonized prior to classification into larger, medium-sized and smaller fractions. At least the larger fractions are used for the manufacture of shaped articles.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to the preparation of a stable coal/water slurry by particulating the coal; classifying the coal into two parts on the basis of specific gravity; discarding the ash-rich residue; classifying the lesser specific gravity part of the coal from the preceding classification into two parts; classifying the lesser specific gravity part of the coal from the preceding classification into three parts and grinding the heaviest part to the most fine particles, the next-to-heaviest part to less fine particles, and the lightest part to least fine particles; grinding the coal from the next-to-last classification finer than the heaviest part of the coal of the preceding classification; and combining the coal of the preceding two classifications with water to form a slurry.

Abstract: The invention relates to the recovering of free metal entrained in dross or skimmings obtained from melts of aluminum and aluminum based alloys wherein the dross has been partially prepared by prior art preparation processes. The invention is directed to the cleaning and preparation of the dross by the more effective removal of substantial portions of the oxide coatings on the dross. This results in the recovery of a significantly higher proportion of the free metal contained in the dross than is recovered using prior art cleaning and recovery processes. The dross, as partially processed by prior art methods, is sequentially fed through selected mechanical rolling and milling stages so as to separate aluminum oxide dust and aluminum concentrates from one another. The aluminum concentrates may be utilized in conventional furnace recovery methods to produce aluminum ingot or may be further processed through selected stages to produce high quality aluminum pellets.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a fine granular concentrate of fire-retarding, foam-forming solids for addition to host material including plastics, paints, coating compositions and the like by mixing particles of solid fire-retarding additives of particle size less than about 5.mu.m with a polymeric material wherein the particles are surrounded and coated by said polymeric material, said polymeric material being compatible with or the same as the host material to which the coated particles are subsequently added to confer fire-retarding and foam-forming properties thereto. The steps include drying said polymeric-particle mixture, comminuting said polymeric-particle mixture to a granular product of less than about 50.mu.m, and repeating the coating procedure at least one more time on said granular product by mixing said granular product with polymeric material, followed by drying and comminuting said granular-polymeric mixture to provide a granular concentrate having a size of less than about 50.mu.

Abstract: A reactant gas is mixed intimately with a liquid and/or particulate solution in a pressurized container and agitated with high energy. Mixing occurs initially by spraying the liquid and gas together to form an emulsion with great surface contact between the reactants, and the emulsion mix is improved and maintained by agitating in the container. The container is carried on oscillatable supports and is driven by an imbalance drive for vertical oscillation in any of several configurations. Loose mixing balls or bodies are optionally carried in the container to increase the agitation and to grind solid particles carried into the solution. The grinding bodies also source protective reaction-deposited layers from the solid particles to speed the reaction. Pressure and temperature of the process is readily controlled.

Abstract: A drying-grinding apparatus including two types of grinding means, one being arranged to produce a relatively coarse ground product, and the other being arranged to produce a relatively finely ground product. A drying gas is introduced into each of the grinding means, and a common conduit delivers the ground products from both of the two grinding means into a sifting means. The sifting means discharges relatively coarse particles into a metering means which receives the output from the sifting means and separates the same into two fractions one of which is returned to the coarse grinding means, and the other of which goes to the fine grinding means.

Abstract: A system for treating rubber tires which reduces the tires to a particulate agglomeration wherein cord and rubber matter therein can be separated. A further treating of those rubber particles reduces them to screen size. The system requires the steps of: (a) initially debeading the tire; (b) cutting the tire into chunks; (c) regulating the quantity of chunks as they pass through the system; (d) grinding the tire in a high intensity mixer; (e) passing the grind to a hammer mill to loosen the rubber and the cord from one another; (f) separating the rubber particles out in a separator, and (g) then grinding the rubber particles to a size of about 30 to 100 mesh as a final product. Oversized pieces of rubber discharged from the separator near the end of the system would be returned to the high intensity mixer.

Abstract: Municipal refuse is treated to produce fuel particularly useful for the operation of a power generating boiler by a process which is characterized by shredding of the as-received material, separation of the light materials prior to pulping of the heavy materials, and ultimate separation from the pulped materials of the inorganic constituents, after which the remaining slurry of predominantly organic materials is dewatered to produce a particulate fuel. The light materials separated after the initial shredding operation are then directly combind with the dewatered organic residue from the pulping operation to effect further reduction in the moisture content of the resultant mixture. The invention is especially applicable to communities where the garbage and trash are collected separately, with the lights produced by shredding and air classifying the trash being added to the fuel product produced by pulping the garbage.

Abstract: Household or industrial refuse is first passed through a device which rips open garbage bags, breaks open cardboard boxes, and breaks up bundles. Then this refuse is passed through a magnetic separator that extracts all the ferromagnetic elements. Thereafter the refuse is subjected to a coarse comminution and passed through a sieve to eliminate particulate material. The sieved refuse is then fed to an air-classifier which separates it into heavy, medium-heavy, and light fractions. The medium-heavy fraction is more finely communited, then passed through a zig-zag air-classifier and a cyclone to recover material usable in the production of paper, which is combined with the light fraction from the air classifier for reclamation.

Abstract: A multi-compartment tube mill is disclosed for the grinding of coarse material such as cement clinker in which the tube mill is divided into at least two mill sections each of which includes at least one grinding chamber. An inlet is provided at one end of the tube mill for the coarse material and for ventilating air or gas to ventilate the tube mill and for heat exchange with the material. An outlet is provided at the opposite end of the tube mill for the ground product. Disposed between the two mill sections is a composite diaphragm which defines a separation zone therebetween for removing humidity from the first mill section, and for introducing fresh ventilating air or gas into the second mill section. A method is disclosed for grinding coarse material in the inventive tube mill in which atmospheric conditions are controlled from the inlet to the outlet of the mill.

Abstract: Waste such as combustible trash and prime garbage is mixed with rubber tires and shredded together to produce a compacted and combustible output product which can be used as a fuel or incinerated for further compacting.The process involves interengaging rotary feeder-cutter wheels mounted on counterrotating shafts to pull materials through a feed path while shredding with the aid of shredder blades interspersed between the wheels. Feeding, mixing and conveying techniques through one or more shredder stages provide for attainment of high speed feed rates and handling of some degree solid debris such as steel belts in tires.

Abstract: Procedure for preparing hot groundwood from wood chips, wherein a chip stream is conducted into a pressurized steaming chamber, where the chips stay a few minutes and are heated to a temperature higher than 100.degree. C., and from the steaming chamber through a sluice feeder into a hot grinder of enclosed construction, i.e. the stage I grinder, when the pre-ground groundwood is conducted through a separating cyclone into a stage II grinder, the groundwood derived herefrom being conducted towards further treatment steps. The pre-ground groundwood is conducted from the steam separating cyclone through a sluice feeder into the stage II grinder. The stage II grinding is carried out in a hot grinder of enclosed construction.

Abstract: A solid waste pollution control process for the dry recovery and restoration of 100% recycled paper pulp, machine cleaned confetti thrashed paper, fibrous fuels, plastic materials and construction aggregates from "solid municipal refuse", consisting of municipal household garbage, household yard trash, and commercial trash from supermarkets and retail establishments, condominiums, apartments, offices and warehouses. The solid municipal refuse is automatic machine sorted, machine chopped and thrashed and machine and air cleaned and is subjected to specific gravity and ballistics separation to recover the confetti thrashed paper while eliminating and rejecting from this confetti thrashed paper the loose, soft, decayed, wet and extraneous matter including high density particles and abrasive materials, such as metal particles, grit and glass such that this extraneous matter and materials are separated into fibrous fuels and construction aggregates.

Abstract: An ice disaggregation system comprising a multiplicity of aligned and successively longer sledging teeth outwardly extending from a rotatable drum. The drum rotation allows the successively longer teeth to sequentially cut and chip deepening grooves in various forms of particulate matter such as ice or coal engaged by the system. A second form of slugging tooth, outwardly extending from the drum, is provided in generally central alignment between paired rows of sledging teeth. The slugging tooth is positioned to subsequently engage the isolated, ridged sections of ice between successive grooves therein, and for striking said ridges with sufficient force to impart shear fracture thereto. The drum is provided with a plurality of sledging and slugging teeth in staggered groups comprising a spiral configuration along the drum.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and apparatus for processing shelled corn cobs. The cobs are graded, aspirated, and crushed for reducing the length of the cobs to between 1/2 inch and 3 inches. A second aspirator removes any remaining husks and hammer mills reduce the corn cobs into 3/8 inch to 1/2 inch pieces. The pieces are graded and oversized pieces are returned to a hammer mill while the remaining pieces are dried in a drier to reduce their moisture content. After grading, a portion of the pieces are sent through an attrition mill to further reduce the size of the pieces. After aspirating, the pieces are processed through roller mills to further reduce the size of the pieces and then passed through an attrition mill and graded into final product sizes.

Abstract: A method for separating fractions of incinerated refuse with a high recuperation yield without requiring special equipment. A first portion of the separation process may be applied to either an initially dry or an initially wet refuse. The refuse is at first screened to a median size. The oversized fraction is crushed and shredded and the non-magnetic fraction separated therefrom is sent commonly to a grinding-rolling mill which also receives the undersize fraction. The undersize fraction downstream of the grinding mill is further treated by a wet separating process, the method achieving separation of ferrous and nonferrous metals, of glasses and silicates, and of magnetic slags.

Abstract: A method is described for reclaiming aluminum from aluminum-glass cloth residues in which the glass cloth fibers are coated with aluminum, the glass cloths having been used for the filtering of molten aluminum. The method comprises the steps of: breaking down the residue into small pieces, squeezing each piece of residue between hard surfaces on a pair of rotating cylindrical rolls with sufficient squeezing pressure to extrude the aluminum coating to destroy its integrity and expose the interior glass fibers along substantially the entire length of each piece and segregating the resulting glass fibers from the remaining aluminum pieces by air separation. The recovered aluminum pieces can be then reused in various industrial processes.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for producing black powder granules of a given grain size by compressing black powder meal, subjecting the compressed black powder to coarse crushing and grinding the coarse crushed black powder in a cone mill.

Abstract: Raw fibrous material is preheated in a preheater in the presence of steam under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure and then continuously introduced into a disc refiner, without prior defibration, whereby steam is generated in said disc refiner. The generated steam is continuously conducted away from said disc refiner as subsequent fibrous material is continuously being introduced into the disc refiner in order to obtain a pressure in the disc refiner which is greater than atmospheric pressure but less than the pressure in said preheater.

Abstract: Structure is provided for successively decompacting waste, such as garbage and trash, at a metered rate, weighing the decompacted waste at a metered rate and separating the heavier portions of the waste from the remainder thereof, coarse shredding the remaining waste at a metered rate and in a manner to gradually reduce the remaining waste to increasingly smaller shredded material, fine shredding the shredded material at a metered rate, acting upon the fine shredded material at a metered rate to break up and pulverize the pieces of glass therein, subjecting the waste to a wash bath while agitating the waste with jets of air and collecting the particles of glass which are dislodged from the waste in the bath by the action of the air jets, drying the remaining waste and thereafter separating ferrous materials from the remaining waste through the utilization of magnetic lines of flux and subsequently separating particles of aluminum from the remaining waste.

Abstract: Both large and small meat pieces and small meat pieces are processed by treating the pieces having relatively large bones to a coarse crushing operation to crush the bones and the meat to smaller sizes and discharging these smaller sizes into a preliminary fine crusher along with small meat pieces and smaller boned meat pieces of from 5 to 10 mm in size. Meat which is treated in the preliminary fine crusher is reduced to bone and meat sizes of from 0.5 to 1 mm. In addition, salt and ice is supplied to the preliminary fine crusher in order to dissipate part of the heat, preserve the meat and to add seasoning thereto. The sizes which are reduced are then directed with the salt, ice and water to a final fine crusher, where the products are reduced to an emulsified paste. The paste is then transmitted to a decanter in which the bone and fiber parts are separated from the meat, water and salt emulsion. The meat, water and salt emulsion may be fed directly to a machine for making sausages, for example.

Abstract: Disclosure is made of improved apparatus for continuously processing waste papers, contaminated with inks, adhesives, resins, groundwood, foreign objects, paper fasteners and the like, into usable grades of cellulosic fiber pulps. The disclosure is also of a method for the continuous processing of contaminated waste papers into nearly quantitative yields of usable cellulosic fiber pulps.

Abstract: A method of shredding a web of material is provided. The web is moved by means of a stream of air provided by rotating impeller blades in a first path toward a shredder outlet. At least a part of the web is shredded in this path by stationary first shredding teeth and the shredded portion is immediately moved out of the outlet by the stream of air. The unshredded portion of the web is pulled from the first path into a second path and shredded as it moves in the second path by means of stationary second shredding teeth positioned at substantially a right angle to the first shredding teeth. Then this shredded part of the web is moved out of the shredder by means of the stream of air.Apparatus is provided for performing the above-described method.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided for grinding particulate solids in a liquid media. A pump means repeatedly circulates the liquid containing solids through conducting means to comminuting means, such as agitated-media mill, through the comminuting means and through conducting means back to the pump means at a rate of at least about 30 and preferably between 50 and 300 volumes of liquid continuum containing solids in the comminuting means per hour. Particulate solid materials having substantially greater particle size uniformity and other superior and unique properties are thus produced.

Abstract: Crude pulp stock is recovered from municipal waste by selectively pulverizing garbage (food waste) in the waste; removing the pulverized garbage; thence, moistening the rest of the waste so as to selectively weaken the materials, such as waste paper, usable as crude pulp stock; and taking out the pulverized crude pulp stock.

Abstract: A method for brightening a natural dolomitic ore by removal of discoloring contaminants. The ore is crushed and formed into an aqueous slurry, which slurry is then coarse-milled to produce a product wherein no more than 1% of the particulate matter is +325 mesh. This coarse-milled product is then subjected to a further, wet-milling step, to alter the particulate such that at least 70% of the particles are less than 2 microns, E.S.D. thereby liberating substantial quantities of the discoloring contaminants. The liberated impurities are thereupon separated by subjecting the slurry to a high intensity magnetic field.

Abstract: A moist pulp fiberization device wherein picked moist pulp enters a tubular chamber behind a fiberizing blade mounted coaxially within the chamber, the fiberizing blade being configured to produce a turbulent vortex with little, if any, pressure differential within the chamber, the flow of pulp through the chamber being induced and controlled by drawing a vacuum on the trailing end of the chamber and providing an adjustable orifice plate intermediate the fiberizing blade and the trailing end of the chamber; if required, the fibers withdrawn from the chamber may be successively introduced into one or more additional chambers of like configuration to effect substantially complete fiber separation, whereupon the separated fibers are discharged for subsequent processing and use.

Abstract: Method of producing cement or other material of given fineness and granular structure includes delivering material ground in individual chambers of a tube mill having two adjacent grinding chambers, delivering the ground material from each of the chambers to coarse-grain separator means associated with the chambers, separating a fines-free coarse-grain component in the coarse-grain separator means and returning the coarse-grain component to one of the adjacent chambers, feeding the fines component of the coarse-grain separator means to a fine-grain separator, separating a fine-grain component from a coarse-grain component in the fine-grain separator, withdrawing the fine-grain component from the fine-grain separator as end product, and returning the coarse-grain component of the fine-grain separator to the coarse-grain separator means; and plant for carrying out the foregoing method.

Abstract: Apparatus for processing waste material in which an air column effects separation of the heavy material after first stage shredding and the remainder of the material is subjected to second stage shredding with a system for controlling the second stage so it will operate without plugging and reduce the material to a condition in which a cyclone separator yields a product suitable for a fuel while the air in the apparatus is cleaned before being expelled to atmosphere.

Abstract: Process for the production of non-woven textile fabric from non-woven fabric waste material in which the waste is mechanically reduced to a particle size of less than three-fourth inch, preferably less than one-half inch and more preferably to a size of three-sixteenth to three-eighth inch, and reused, preferably as a blend with fibers (e.g., virgin or conventionally reclaimed) three-fourth inch or greater in length, to form the non-woven fabric. Addition of binding material other than that already contained in the waste is normally not necessary.Process for recycling and reclaiming non-woven textile waste by mechanically reducing the size of such waste by mechanically reducing the particle size of the fabric waste to less than three-fourth inch, preferably by first cutting it with cutters and then hammer milling the cut waste in a hammer mill having a sized screen through which the hammered cut waste is forced.

Abstract: Old rubber tires from cars and trucks are first cut up by a coarse pregrinder into pieces of about 100 to 200 millimeter size. These cuttings are then comminuted in successive stages down to particle sizes of about 5 millimeters. For that purpose they are passed through grinding mills with fluted rollers which deform the particles so as to rupture and expose their textile components. The comminuted particles produced in the various stages are screened to separate metal containing from metal free particles. In subsequent screening and comminuting stages the metal free particles are further reduced to separate masses of graded rubber flour substantially free of metallic and fibrous tire components.

Abstract: In the recovery of starch from cell tissue of root crop such as potatoes, by centrifuging, the feed to one of the centrifuging steps, in which an aqueous phase containing fibers and protein is separated from starch milk, is subjected to homogenization to free the fibers of included starch. Thereby, better separation in the centrifuging step is obtained.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for the distribution of composite mixtures into an initially open mold, such as the components utilized in the manufacture of frictional components containing asbestos. The apparatus includes a hopper or reservoir for holding and dispensing the mixture onto a collection surface and, suitable means for moving the collection surface relative to the hopper. A deflector is mounted below the hopper, while supply and feed rotors, separated by a reciprocator means are carried within the hopper. Means are further provided for driving the deflector, rotors and reciprocator. The apparatus may further include means for sweeping and levelling the composite mixture in the mold.

Abstract: A material reducer for coal, lignite, ore, stone, rock, oil shale and the like which employs rotary hammers, bars or the like not only to crush the material but also to propel the crushed material upwardly along a confined or partially confined path or discharge chute which empties onto an output conveyor, a screen or other processing equipment. The chute is provided with means to reduce or eliminate clogging at the discharge port from the reducer. The input end of the reducer can be at a level sufficiently low to be supplied by mobile loading units such as front-end loaders, over-the-head loaders, and others. The center of gravity can also be substantially lowered, providing more stability without the normal cumbersome frame and support structure.

Abstract: A method for cutting vehicle tires and the like is disclosed together with apparatus for practicing the method comprising a first plurality of cutting discs axially spaced from each other along a first shaft and a second plurality of cutting discs axially spaced from each other along a second shaft parallel to the first. The thickness and spacing of the cutting discs along their respective shafts and the spacing of the shafts with respect to each other is such that the cutting discs of each plurality intermesh with those of the other plurality with the overlapping side surfaces of the discs substantially in contact to provide a scissor like cutting action and the free peripheral surfaces of the discs of each plurality are spaced from the shaft of the other plurality a distance sufficient to allow passage of the cut slices of the vehicle tires or the like. Various embodiments including means for enhancing feeding action and for recycling the cut slices are described.