Abstract: The invention relates to the comminution of moist mineral material in the comminution zone of a material comminuting machine followed by breaking up of agglomerates which have formed and subsequent wet classification of the broken-up material. A good disagglomerating effect and reliable operation is achieved with relatively compact construction of the apparatus if the comminuted product is subjected to at least an injection of fluid with at least partial disagglomerating effect whilst still within the material bed comminuting machine and immediately after leaving the comminution zone, and afterwards is passed on to the wet classification.

Abstract: When pulverising polyurethane, polyurea and/or polyurethane/polyurea materials in a roller mill with at least two rollers (2,3) rotating at different circumferential speeds, a very economical method of operation is achieved by returning the coarse fraction falling freely out of the roll slit (4) to the roll slit (4) and stripping the fine material adhering to the roller (3) with the higher circumferential speed and discharging it separately from the coarse fraction.

Abstract: A coated film peeling/removing apparatus for a coated resin product includes a protruded portion shearing device for shearing and removing a protruded portion of the coated resin product, an end part treating device for rolling a coated resin product so as to modify the sectional contour such that the coated film side becomes a short side relative to the resin raw material side, and upper and lower surface coated film peeling devices for peeling and removing the coated film from the resin product by applying a shear slipping stress between the resin product and the coated film.

Abstract: A coffee grinder which has several different automatic grinding capacities is connected to a coffee brewer which has several different automatic brewing capacities by a control that inhibits brewing of all but the corresponding brew capacity following grinding of a quantity of coffee. The grinder is also inhibited from grinding any more coffee until the appropriate brew cycle of the coffee brewer is started. Once the corresponding brewing cycle is selected, the coffee grinder is reset and any grinding capacity may be selected. A calibration mode for the coffee grinder and the coffee brewer is provided wherein the duration of the grinding cycle or brewing cycle, respectively, is set by manually initiating the cycle and then halting of the cycle when the appropriate capacity is reached. The duration of the cycle is then set for subsequent automatic operation.

Abstract: In this method according to the invention for extracting metals, starting ore material is subjected to material bed comminution and then leached by the addition of leaching fluid. In order to be able to ensure an optimal yield of metals even in the case of greatly differing particles sizes of the comminuted ore material, the comminuted ore material is divided into oversize material and fine material, whereupon oversize material is delivered to a heap leaching and fine material to a tank leaching.

Abstract: To insure that rejects or scraps of composite materials such as printed wiring boards that consist of the mixture of metal and non-metal parts are separated into the metal and non-metal components with good precision so that both components can be recovered as recyclable valuables, the composite materials are broken into pieces by means of a shearing machine or the like and the pieces are thereafter ground with a hammer mill or the like to form a mixed powder consisting of metal and non-metal particles, which mixed powder is then fed continuously on to a belt conveyor inclined at an angle with respect to a line perpendicular to the direction of travel, whereby the metal particles are efficiently separated from the non-metal particles; the recovered metal particles being fed to an electrostatic separator to obtain higher grade of concentration by removing the non-metal inclusions.

Abstract: This invention relates to improvements and modifications to a rock crusher. The rock crusher has at least two jaws the jaws being driven at different ends to each other. The non-driven end of at least one jaw is sufficiently free to allow vertical movement of that jaw with respect to the other jaw. This vertical movement imparts a grinding action in addition to the crushing action of the rock crusher. This removes the problems which can occur with wadding and can produce a very fine ground rock.

Abstract: A selected kaolin crude or crude fraction is purified by physical or physical/chemical means, such as froth flotation and/or selective flocculation, to remove discrete particles of TiO.sub.2 and in some cases, discrete iron minerals. The pure (or purified clay) must then be agitated in the presence of water with a particulate grinding media such as, for example, sand, alumina or zirconia beads, to increase the 2 micron content of the kaolin. An intermediate ground product that contains a substantial weight percentage of particles finer than 1 micron is generated as a result of grinding. The particles finer than 1 micron in the ground kaolin also include those particles in the previously pure or purified kaolin that were present in the naturally occurring clay. A pulp of the ground clay is then fractionated to remove particles larger than 2 microns, e.g., to remove at least 95%, preferably at 100% by weight, of the particles larger than 2 microns, while minimizing the removal of particles finer than 1 micron.

Abstract: A bulk material shredding method, a bulk material shredder which has a shredder housing having a trough, a discharge end having a discharge aperture for discharge of shredded material out of the trough, and an opposite end remote from the discharge end, an auger mounted for rotation within the shredder housing and retained by a bearing surface at the discharge end of the shredder housing and by a bearing surface at the opposite end of the shredder housing, the auger having a uniform diameter auger flight, and a shaft of uniform diameter through its length which carries the auger flight. A drive means is located at the discharge end of the shredder housing for rotating the auger and a plurality of teeth are mounted on the periphery of the auger and project radially therefrom. Apparatus for shredding railroad ties and separating non-fuel useable components therefrom to produce fuel.

Abstract: An improved comminuting and dehydrating system is efficient, environmentally sound, and may be employed to process sticky materials. The system preferably includes a pair of intercoupled cyclone devices for comminuting and dehydrating, each equipped with a discharge containment unit. A blower is coupled with the primary cyclone to provide air flow, and a channel is included between the blower and the primary discharge containment unit to provide pressure equalization. An injection port is positioned remotely adjacent the discharge portion of the primary cyclone to permit injection of viscid substances such as eggs into the low pressure area of the cone. In preferred forms, the secondary cyclone device includes an exhaust filter and a meter for measuring the passage of material to be comminuted and dehydrated.

Abstract: A method for preparing resin chips for use as an intermediate product in the manufacture of artificial-granite and artificial-stone articles. The process consists of mixing a thermoplastic polyester-resin material with an alumina tri-hydrate (ATH) filler and with a pigment, if desired, in a heated extruder to produce a continuous stream of thermoplastic agglomerate. This product is allowed to cool, then it is cut, ground and screened to a predetermined size, as required to meet the size characteristics of the desired resin-chip product. The undersize fines produced by the grinding operation are recycled as thermoplastic feedstock to the extruder. The resin-chip material so produced may be further mixed with a filler, as required for a particular application, and packaged for sale to commercial users.

Abstract: Sheets of defectively manufactured wallboard are loaded in a stack on a conveyor and are advanced intermittently to a shearing station where a shear periodically cuts through the stack to sever successive leading end sections from the stack. Each cut-off leading end section drops into a shredder which reduces the wallboard into small particles and chunks capable of being recycled.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a slurry with ultrasound to improve separation based upon specific gravity comprises a plurality of modular conduit units having substantially vertical walls defining a flow space through which a slurry may be pumped. Each modular conduit unit has mounted thereon ultrasound transducers for transmitting ultrasound energy into the slurry being pumped through the modular conduit unit and means for exciting the ultrasound transducers in a frequency range of 60 to 100 kHz.

Abstract: For the continuous autogenous grinding of a free-flowing stock containing insoluble particles of varying diameter, the stock is set rotating concentrically of an axis in a grinding chamber, insoluble particles of greater diameter being concentrated superproportionally in the grinding chamber. There is no need of an auxiliary-grinding-body retaining device.

Abstract: Method for grinding intended for a rotary ball mill (4, 5), or mill with similar grinding instruments, which is divided into at least two grinding compartments (1, 2) and which is passed through by a current (14) of sweeping air from upstream to downstream and is in a closed circuit; the said mill including at least one separation partition (3) which, between two grinding compartments (1, 2) forms a small compartment (7) bounded by upstream (8) and downstream (9) walls pierced with slots (10); the said partition (3) being provided with means (12) for lifting the material, whilst not having any mechanical means for diverting the material downstream, and the material being capable of circulating diametrically through the small compartment (7) of the partition (3); means for regulating the mass of material passing through the mill, and means for regulating the quantity of sweeping air passing through the grinder being provided; this method being characterized in that a partition (3) is used which is provided wit

Abstract: Organic wastes are made suitable for disposal by sequential treatment with an oxidizing solution and an alkaline earth oxide or hydroxide. The treated waste is then mixed with an absorbent material to absorb excess liquid, and optionally with a binding material. An apparatus for carrying out the method comprises a feed hopper, a shredder, mixer and appropriate metering means.

Abstract: A coated or plated resin component is roughly ground to prepare a roughly-ground form. The roughly-ground form is heated and extruded to prepare an extruded strand or film composed of a base resin and coating film pieces or deposit pieces therein. The extruded form is rolled and drawn to prepare a rolled film. The rolled film is pulverized to prepare pulverized form which is separated into a base resin component and a coating film or deposit piece component. Instead of extruding step, the roughly-ground form is blown by an inflation method to prepare a blown tube composed of a base resin and coating film piece or deposit pieces therein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of a recycled plastic product from varnished plastic parts by multistagedly grinding but not pulverizing while at the same time subjecting same to a stretching treatment during the pulverizing step to loosen substantially completely all of the varnish sticking thereto. The resulting plastic and varnish particles are separated and thereafter packaged, typically, in the form of granulate. The resulting thermoplastic plastic recycled material does not contain any visible inclusions of more than 0.25 mm.sup.2 of varnished particles in the sheet test.

Abstract: A thermoplastic slab breaking apparatus comprising a housing with a slab receiving aperture and an exit aperture on the base of said housing; a conveyor for conveying a continuous hot melt thermoplastic slab from a hot zone to a cool zone within said housing; a first rotatable slab breaker member comprising a pinwheel or a rigid rod with a plurality of rigid tines projecting radially outward therefrom and positioned in close proximity to the end of the conveyor in the cool zone, wherein the rod axis resides approximately in a plane defined by the conveyed slab and perpendicular to a line defined by the conveyed slab; and an optional second breaker member comprising a rigid rod with a plurality of rigid tines projecting radially outward therefrom and positioned approximately axially parallel and beneath the first slab breaker member; wherein the conveyor continuously transports the slab to the rotating first slab breaker and forces the slab into contact with the rotating tines of the slab breaker whereby the s

Abstract: The invention relates to aluminium smelters in which the treatment of spent potlinings (carbonaceous products resulting from the demolition of the lining of the walls and bottom of the electrolytic pots) requires a prior reduction of the potlinings into pieces not bigger than a few millimetres in size. The grinding process forming the subject of the invention is characterized in that it includes a crushing operation (12) in which the spent potlinings are reduced into pieces not bigger than 50 mm, a screening operation (16) permitting to separate those drains measuring a few millimetres and constituting the finished product, and a grinding operation (14) permitting to reduce the screen oversize to the finished product dimensions.

Abstract: A method of improving dispersibility of vegetable fiber in which vegetable fibers obtained by opening up a vegetable material are caused to pass through at least one set of rolls to improve the dispersibility of the vegetable fibers, where each set of rolls comprises at least two rolls which have a large number of teeth or a large number of pins and are rotated in the same direction. According to the present invention, it is possible to improve dispersibility of vegetable fibers which have conventionally been unable to be uniformly blended with other materials due to lumping and/or entwining, thereby providing an advantage that uniform blending with other materials becomes possible.

Abstract: A sampling mill for grinding discrete materials to obtain a representative sample is provided by this invention. The mill is particularly useful for grinding various foodstuffs such as corn, peanuts, animal foods and the like. The material to be sampled is fed to a rotary worm gear of substantial length connected to a burr plate to feed the material between a second plate. By varying the worm gear with comminuting means, the placement of burrs on the burr plate and the distance between the burr plates, the size of the ground sample can be varied and different types of foodstuffs can be ground and sampled as compared to a grinder with limited adjustability. The ground sample is distributed to a main discharge chute and a sampling chute with an adjustable valve to provide a selected small percentage of the total ground foodstuff.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to an apparatus for crushing and fine grinding of solid particulate materials, e.g. clinkers used in cement, utilizing a conventional ball mill. More particularly, the invention involves use of such a ball mill in the primary crushing of the material (which use is advantageously limited to the preliminary crushing operation requiring minimum energy consumption), and of a jet mill in the final crushing (conventionally done in a ball mill also). The jet mill is incorporated in a secondary independent grinding circuit which grinds the material to the required fineness value.

Abstract: The method of processing electronic and electrical scrap materials wherein the components and substrate are initially separated and the components, such as base metals, ceramics and precious metals are recovered, and the process includes double vibrating screens which classify the components according to size.

Abstract: A horizontal mill for ultra-fine pulverization which has enhanced pulverization characteristics and reduced power consumption while suppressing damage or wear of pulverizing media. The pulverizing media (balls) are provided in a pulverizing chamber defined by a space between an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder which are rotated relative to each other. Large diameter pulverizing media are used and the rotational speed is kept at a low level, which is opposite to the conventional theory of using small diameter media and high rotational speeds. Since the rotational speed is low, the corresponding wear of the pulverizing media is reduced. The degradation in pulverizing performance due to the low rotational speed may be recovered by using large diameter pulverizing media. Also, the dimensional ratio between the inner and outer cylinders, the interval between the inner and outer sleeves, and the axial interval between agitating vanes are suitably selected to enhance the mill performance.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for chemically and physically stabilizing contaminated soil is disclosed. The soil is homogenized in a homogenizer; dropped into a mixer below the homogenizer and mixed with an additive; then dropped to a processing terminus located below the mixer. The apparatus and method are useful for processing highly clumped and/or acidic soil, e.g., soil contaminated with mining waste.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with an improvement in the mechanical treatment of wood fibers, the improvement consisting in applying a large amount of energy at low intensity in the first stage of refining of the wood chips, and a small amount of energy at high intensity in the second stage. The present improvement allows a reduction in energy consumption as high as 18%.

Abstract: High-shear treated materials are passed through a high-shear treatment zone which allows the coexistence of free supra-Kolmogoroff eddies larger than the smallest possible Kolmogoroff eddy diameter and forced sub-Kolmogoroff eddies smaller than this diameter. This zone includes a subsidiary higher-shear zone for suppressing these free eddies. The passage walls (40, 44, 102, 108) move relative to one another transverse to the flow to force the simultaneous development of supra-Kolmogoroff and sub-Kolmogoroff eddies while maintaining liquid films adherent to the passage surfaces. The movement produces only forced sub-Kolmogoroff eddies in the subsidiary zone while maintaining a non-turbulent flow. Ultrasonic oscillations (52) may be applied to cause elastohydrodynamic pressure and viscosity increases and/or production of smaller sub-Kolmogoroff eddies.

Abstract: Process and system for reclaiming polymeric fibers (e.g., nylon) from post-consumer carpeting includes shredding the post-consumer carpeting into strips, dismantling the carpet strips to form a mixture of the fibers to be reclaimed and the backing material to be discarded, and then separating a substantial portion of the fibers from the backing material. Preferably, the carpet strips are dismantled by impacting the strips of carpeting against an anvil structure with hammer elements using, e.g., a hammermill. A secondary reclamation system is provided whereby the separated backing material which may contain some fibers bound thereto is subjected to secondary dismantling and separation operations. The fractions obtained from the primary and secondary separation operations containing predominantly the polymeric fibers may thus be combined so as to form a process discharge stream which can be pelletized and/or baled as desired.

Abstract: A method for the production of natural and/or synthetic carbonates, and more particularly calcium carbonates, with a high BET/N.sub.2 specific surface area of over 20 m.sup.2 /g, and more particularly of between 20 to 50 m.sup.2 /g, utilizes an inherently known mill such as an agitating ball mill. The carbonates in an aqueous suspension are wet ground and the entire suspension is recirculated; that is, subjected to additional wet grinding, until the final product has the desired specific surface area. Furthermore, the solids concentration during the entire duration of the wet grinding operation is maintained at no more than 24% by weight. The products of the method have surprisingly valuable properties and can be employed in the plastics industry, in sealants, in the rubber industry, in printing inks, in cosmetics, in pharmaceuticals, in cigarette paper, in wood varnishes, in high gloss paper and in plastisols.

Abstract: A grinding apparatus includes a roller mill in which material particles are pre-ground, a tube mill connected to the roller mill through a fluidized-bed-type classifying device in which the material particles are classified by size and a circulation line is connected between the classifying device and the roller mill, wherein a fluidized portion of the pre-ground particles, which consists of a fine material component is fed into a tube mill, a remaining portion of the pre-ground particles, which consists of course material and some amount of fine material not fed into the tube mill is returned to the roller mill through the circulation line where the remaining portion of the pre-ground particles is again crushed together with newly fed material particles in the roller mill.

Abstract: The apparatus consists of a glass breaker alone or a glass granulator alone or combinations of the two machines along with a screen/sieve and cullet mover mechanism to sort or size the glass particles for further reprocessing or for use an end product of the glass processing apparatus. The glass breaker breaks the glass objects using a rotating shaft with breaker bars attached thereto. The glass containers are shattered by impact with radially extending members of a rotating shaft and by causing the glass to impact a breaker plate within a breaking chamber. The granulator is used to process glass cullet to create glass particles of selected size for the purpose of recycling. As a result of the granulation of the glass, it is possible to separate out or screen out the non-glass articles such as caps, rings, paper etc.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating and recovering rubber, fiber, and steel from tires cryogenically cools and grinds tire rubber. The method reduces by 45 to 60 percent the amount of nitrogen required to cool and embrittle the rubber prior to being ground. Only the surface of the rubber is embrittled prior to grinding.

Abstract: A method for producing powder from polycrystalline inorganic material by contacting polycrystalline inorganic material with the vapor of one or more reduced alkali metals in an environment substantially free of oxygen for a period of time sufficient to cause disintegration of the polycrystalline inorganic material into powder. The polycrystalline inorganic material may consist of one or more oxides, sulfides, or silicates, or combinations thereof. The polycrystalline inorganic material may also comprise a rock or mineral, such as basalt or pyrite.

Abstract: For preparing plastic waste composed of different plastics, possibly combined with other materials, for further processing, for example, as additives for construction. A method of the invention comminutes the waste, metals are separated out, the plastic waste is agglomerated, and the agglomerated waste is comminuted further. A device according to the invention for performing the method uses comminution devices, metal separators, and at least one agglomerator. The entire device is completely mobile and equipped with its own power supply.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for jet grinding inorganic pigments comprising the steps of compacting the inorganic pigments on a roller compactor at a predetermined linear force, and jet grinding the compacted inorganic pigments.

Abstract: A system for separating and packaging carpet forming fibrous material and backing material from carpet pieces for recycling. The system comprises a shredding apparatus for separating carpet pieces into substantially even sized small pieces of between two inches by two inches and four inches by four inches. These pieces are passed to a granulating apparatus which slices them into smaller pieces of between one-quarter inch and one-half inch which causes the fibrous material and backing material to begin to separate. A surge apparatus receives the partially separated materials and delivers them in an even manner to an elutriator. The elutriator using an upper air delivery system for carrying off the fibrous material and a lower air delivery system for carrying off the backing material delivers the separated materials to storage apparatus which readies the separated materials for recycling.

Abstract: Refuse containing stretched plastic is collected at each of a plurality of collection locations and is there comminuted and, before or after this comminution, is heated to a relaxation temperature of at least a portion of the stretched plastic thereby embrittling and reducing the volume of this portion. Then batches of the thus comminuted and at least partially embrittled and volume-reduced refuse are transported to a single treatment location. Here the batches of preprocessed refuse are mixed with each other and if desired with unprocessed refuse, and the mixture is sorted and comminuted again.

Abstract: In a process for dispersing, blending or homogenizing of solid/liquid and/or liquid/liquid mixtures, the dispersion or emulsion to be homogenized is introduced into a rotating grinding chamber (5) which is at least partially filled with grinding bodies and is bounded by at least two rotatable wall elements (2, 4), wherein the dispersion or emulsion to be homogenized is guided through the grinding chamber (5) in a direction crosswise to the axis of rotation (3) of the wall elements (2, 4). In a device for executing the process having a grinding chamber (5) in which grinding bodies (19) are disposed, the grinding chamber (5) is bounded by at least two wall elements (2, 4) which are rotatably driveable, and the grinding chamber (5) has at least one feed and/or draw-off opening (15, 16,) on its sides facing towards and facing away from the axis of rotation (3).

Abstract: Manganese dry cells sorted out of used-up dry cells are crushed and sieved to obtain a mixture composed predominantly of anodic substances, which is in turn used for ferrite production. The invention is preferable for a saving of resources and preservation of the environment, and enables ferrites on a practical-enough level to be obtained.

Abstract: The invention proposes a novel automatic product feed in which an analog signal is formed and at least one other digital signal which is adjustable independently of the analog signal is generated and used for the automatic product feed for supervising the product feed functions by a mechanical probe (8) in the product flow. In this way, all previously known controlling and regulating functions can be realized with a minimum of electronics or at the highest level of computer control as a function of the product feed or for optimizing the grinding conditions, possibly with externally initiated digital signals for various stage adjustments and with the use of very simple automatic component means. The invention further proposes a corresponding method for grinding with a milling roller mill (1).

Abstract: Brittle material (1) is ground batchwise as a bed of particles by compression between non-yielding hard surfaces at a pressure of at least 50 MPa. In order to reduce the energy requirement and machine expenditure needed for fine, superfine and microfine comminution, the bed of particles is subjected to repeated stressing by pistons (4) in different directions and at least in part successively. The stressing preferably is accomplished by groups of two opposed pistons (4), which are offset at an angle with respect to each other and which are rendered active one after the other. The stressing is repeated in another plane of the grinding chamber. Wet grinding is carried out in a closed grinding chamber from which the liquid expelled from the voids between the particles being ground can drain through at least one aperture of narrow cross section.

Abstract: A method for comminuting material (which in one example may be a plastic or non-plastic material) contained within a plasticized matrix with a machine comprising a mechanism for comminuting said non plasticized matrix and dispersing the material throughout the matrix. The mechanism has at least two separate stages (each stage preferably including stationary plates and non-stationary plates), which cooperate to shear the material and to distribute, disperse and comminute the material into finely comminuted material distributed and dispersed throughout the plasticized material. The finely comminuted material is substantially distributed throughout the plasticized matrix and is so small and so dispersed throughout the plastic so as not to degrade unduly any use to which the plasticized matrix when solidified may be put to or any further process being carried out with respect to the plastic matrix.

Abstract: The invention relates to a grinding plant and to a method of grinding and classifying brittle material for grinding, in which two classifiers are used. The finer fraction from the first classifier is delivered to a second classifier which separates it into coarse material and fine material. The coarse material passes into a fine grinding mill and from there is conveyed back to the second classifier by way of a mechanically transporting conveyor arrangement.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for recovering recyclable expanded particles from expanded particle moldings including expanded particles of a synthetic resin coated with thermoplastic resin (interfacial material) whose melting point is lower than that of the synthetic resin of the expanded particles or whose solubility is different from that of the synthetic resin of the expanded particles. The process includes the steps of softening or melting the interfacial material by heating or dissolving it with a solvent, and separating the expanded particle molding into individual particles by applying a shearing force thereto under circumstances such that the bond strength among the expanded particles in the molding is weakened.

Abstract: Method for disaggregating closed glass members containing pollutants, such as picture tubes or gas discharge tubes, into recyclable constituents, whereby the glass members are separated according to glass types, such as front and cone glass of picture tubes and glass of gas discharge tubes, and into other constituents, particularly metallic and ceramic constituents, and the materials that represent pollutants for the purpose of a recycling are disposed of, whereby complete glass members are disaggregated into palm-sized pieces, in that, subsequently, at least that part of the pollutants released and/or disassociated upon disaggregation of the glass members is separated from the glass fragments and from the remaining parts, and in that the steps of separating magnetic metals, of separating non-magnetic metals, of sorting opaque materials such as ceramic, pottery, stone and/or porcelain parts out, and of separating the various glass types are implemented in corresponding separating means.

Abstract: A method for reducing at production levels sticky, abrasive waste shingles and portions thereof into a reduced shingle material for use of a patch for potholes and cracks and as paving for roads and the like comprises shredding of the shingles to pieces, milling the pieces to particles and granules and impinging the particles and granules with intermittent blasts of compressed air to prevent clogging and sticking and to assist in discharging of the reduced shingle materials. The method may also include the step of spraying water upon the shingles and inside of the apparatus. The apparatus includes an improved hammermill with a compress air manifold with apertures therein for intermittently discharging compressed air which impinges upon the inner chamber of the hammermill and upon the pulverized waste materials. A pressurized water manifold with apertures may also spray the mill chamber of the hammermill with water to prevent clogging or sticking of the hammermill.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for shredding annular objects, preferably the carcasses of discarded tires, into multiple uniformly shaped pieces. More specifically, the present invention includes a novel multi-stage apparatus which automatically divides tire carcasses into two side wall sections and a tread section. The apparatus then further divides the wall and tread sections into multiple relatively small, uniform pieces. The pieces so formed are suitable for a variety of purposes, including recycling.

Abstract: Usage application of a per se known in the art continuous-operation machine or the recycling of gypsum plaster board. A coarsely pre-pulverized material is introduced into a continuous-operation machine and, within the continuous-operation machine, the waste material 20 is guided along a product-cycle in a spiral-shaped fashion through the container 4 The tools 18, 18', 18", 18'", which are arranged along an axial length on the shaft 7, rotate in a Froude number region Fr.gtoreq.7 and break-up the pre-pulverized waste material 20 to a sufficient extent that a grain spectrum is produced which effectively facilitates the use of calcination devices.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing material, such as trash, refuse, garbage and the like, to a specified size of particles. The apparatus is directed to a single comminuting chamber means as well as to a combination of first and second comminuting chamber means. The first comminuting chamber means includes in the lower portion of said chamber means a flow passage means of varying volume through which the particles pass thereby preventing wedging or packing of the particles in the first comminuting chamber means during the comminution of the material therein. The second comminuting chamber means includes a screenless hammer mill means having holding bars or means for holding pieces of material that exceed a predetermined length until said pieces are reduced to a length equal to or less than said predetermined length.