Abstract: A method of reducing the particle size of solid particles is applicable to the production of very fine particles of a wide variety of solids, including alumina hydrate, and comprises milling a liquid suspension of solid particles in an agitated media mill, pumping the milled suspension through a particle size classification device to separate the slurry into a coarse fraction and a fine fraction, the particles of the coarse fraction having a greater median particle size than the particles of the fine fraction, recycling the coarse fraction from the particle size classification device to the input of the mill, and recycling the fine fraction by pumping it to the classification device, wherein recycling of both coarse and fine fractions are continued until solid particles of the desired reduced particle size are produced. Preferably a single classification device and a single mill can be used, and particles having a median particle size of 0.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for making a compacted, redispersible, aramid pulp fiber product wherein aramid pulp is opened using the forces of a turbulent air grinding mill and then the opened pulp is compacted to the extent desired for shipping.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a superconducting material having the steps of: milling and mixing a powderly primary material in a casing of a dry type milling mixer; heat-processing the primary material obtained from the milling/mixing step; and again milling and mixing the primary material obtained from the heat-processing step in the casing of the milling mixer so as to obtain a secondary material. The milling mixer includes a casing for holding the primary material therein and friction-pulverizing mixing elements for frictionally pulverizing, stirring and mixing the primary material inside the casing. The two milling/mixing steps are effected under a high-speed rotation of the casing where a centrifugal force resulting from the casing rotation presses the primary material against an inner surface of the casing and a layer of the material formed on the surface is frictionally pulverized, stirred and mixed by the friction-pulverizing mixture elements.

Abstract: A novel method for producing magnetic microparticles from metallocenes is disclosed. The method involves combining an aqueous slurry of the metallocene and an aqueous slurry of a metal hydroxide and milling the slurries together. Fine magnetic particles are produced using the present method.

Abstract: Refuse scrap from incinerated refuse or nonincinerated refuse is dried and precleaned to a metal content in excess of 70% and is then comminuted and abraded in a hammer shredder with the comminuted material being subjected to air separation and magnetic separation to yield a metal product containing at least 90% metal and with a density of at least 1 ton per m.sup.3 for direct use as any other iron scrap in a steel-making plant.

Abstract: An absorbent cellulose product and method of making the product. Preferably chaff and pith corncob components form the cellulose starting material which is reduced, pelletized, crumbled and classified to produce a granular product of compact bodies having irregular surfaces.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method and apparatus for recycling foamed polystyrene from municipal solid waste and more particularly, from fast food restaurant waste. A steady stream of waste is delivered to a flail mill for reducing particle size, a rotary trommel for eliminating undersized waste and a rotary air classifier for removing "heavy" waste from the stream. At this point, the waste stream comprises mostly paper and foamed polystyrene. The paper and foamed polystyrene are delivered to a water pulper which fiberizes the paper so that it can then be separated from the foamed polystyrene by passing it through a screen of selected mesh size to allow the water and paper pulp to pass through while retaining the foamed polystyrene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for comminuting brittle grinding material. An overall economic optimization is required of methods performing only a single grain and material bed comminution in a first comminution stage. According to the invention the first comminution stage comprises precrushing the grinding material with a relatively well defined particle size, so that following stages can be designed for said particle size and consequently it is only necessary to have a lower specific energy requirement per grinding material quantity fed through.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to apparatus for crushing material for grinding, in which the material for grinding first of all passes in multiple circulation through a grinding stage which operates on the pressure crushing principle and then without further grinding is delivered to a classification stage consisting of two classification assemblies set to different degrees of fineness, the streams of fines from the two classification assemblies being mixed together. By the combination of these two measures a desired flattening of the particle size distribution of the end product is achieved.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and a method for the comminution of brittle material in a roll crusher. The method comprises the steps of introducing fresh material feed into a roll crusher which is divided into two distinct feed inlet zones which are at least one initial feed inlet zone for said fresh feed material and at least one secondary feed inlet zone for feed which has been stressed at least once by said roll crusher. Each initial feed inlet zone and each secondary feed inlet zone directs feed into, respectively, a corresponding initial feed crushing zone and secondary feed crushing zone. In the invention, fresh feed material is introduced into the roll crusher only in the initial feed inlet zone(s) whereby it is stressed at pressures sufficient high to cause the formation of at least some agglomerates.

Abstract: A separator for classifying powder with air current, comprises a powder feed pipe and a classifying chamber, provided in said separator; a guide chamber provided at the upper part of said classifying chamber to communicate with said powder feed pipe; a plurality of introducing louvers provided between said guide chamber and said classifying chamber, at which the powder is flowed in from said guide chamber to said classifying chamber through the openings between said introducing louvers together with carrying air; an inclined classifying plate raised at its central part, provided at the bottom of said classifying chamber; classifying louvers provided along the side wall of said classifying chamber, through the openings of which the air is flowed to produce a whirling stream by which said powder fed into said classifying chamber together with carrying air is centrifugally separated into fine powder and coarse powder; a discharge opening provide at the central part of said classifying plate and from which the cl

Abstract: Method and an apparatus for controlling the production of thermomechanical pulp meter chips by metering elements (9, 10) into a feed chest (2), and by feed elements (3, 7) connected to the feed chest feeds chips for refinement between thermomechanical pulp refining discs (5). Water is added to the chips prior to feeding the chips between the discs (5). Moisture content of the thermomechanical pulp is measured after the thermomechanical pulp refiner at least in a semicontinuous fashion by at least one measurement device (21, 22, 23, 24) operating on-line, and on the basis of measured moisture content, the quantity of chips and water to be metered is controlled so as to regulate the moisture content to a desired level of having a constant value by, e.g., increasing the volume of metered chips and simultaneously decreasing the quantity of fed water for an increasing trend of moisture content, and correspondingly, applying an opposite strategy to counter a decreasing trend of moisture content.

Abstract: A system for separating contaminants from the plastic flake obtained by granulating synthetic plastic containers and products, which have contaminants bonded thereto, has a cryogenic housing for receiving the flake and a transport mechanism incorporated with the housing for moving the flake in a flow stream through the housing. The flake is mixed with a cryogenic medium at a subzero temperature and an impeller receives the frozen flake in a flow stream. An impact wall is provided outboard of the impeller and the impeller is rapidly revolved to radially separate the flakes and hurl the flakes individually at the impact wall with sufficient force to break the bond between the flakes and contaminant.

Abstract: A separator for separating fractions of granular material particularly for use in an interparticle crushing product bed comminution press including an outer conically shaped chamber with means for receiving air and the product to be comminuted at the lower end of the chamber, an inner conical chamber, a second coarse grits outlet leading from the inner conical chamber, a first coarse grits outlet leading from the outer conical chamber, a rotor at the upper end of the inner conical chamber having turbo elements thereon, baffles surrounding the turbo elements, and a fine products discharge from the upper end of the inner chamber with the coarse grits discharge from the outer chamber led back to the inlet of a high pressure interparticle crushing roller mill and the fine grits material discharged from the inner chamber led to a tubular mill.

Abstract: The apparatus to put the process of the invention into practice comprises a silo 1 to dispense fat (oil), a duct 2 to feed in lime and optionally inert additives, a mixer 3 provided with a stirrer, at least a charging pot 4, a pocket vessel 5, a hopper provided with a distribution blade 6, a conveyor belt 7 continuously operating internally of the baking furnace, a baking furnace 8, a grid-type conveyor belt 9, a first crusher 10 and a mill 11. The powder lubricant obtained by said continuous process also has the advantage of exhibiting a better morphological appearance, more hardness and improved adhesion to the substrate to be lubricated.

Abstract: A wet mixture of a metal azide having a predetermined average particle size and a metal oxide is prepared. The wet mixture is ground to reduce at least the average particle size of the metal azide. Thereafter, the wet mixture is directed through a chamber containing grinding media. The grinding media is agitated as the mixture flows through the chamber to further reduce the average particle size of the metal azide to a desired particle size.

Abstract: A method of reducing the particle size of solid particles is applicable to the production of very fine particles of a wide variety of solids, including alumina hydrate, and comprises milling a liquid suspension of solid particles in an agitated media mill, pumping the milled suspension through a particle size classification device to separate the slurry into a coarse fraction and a fine fraction, the particles of the coarse fraction having a greater median particle size than the particles of the fine fraction, recycling the coarse fraction from the particle size classification device to the input of the mill, and recyling the fine fraction by pumping it to the classification device, wherein recycling of both coarse and fine fractions are continued until solid particles of the desired reduced particle size are produced. Preferably a single classification device and a single mill can be used, and particles having a median particle size of 0.

Abstract: A fluid jet shredder apparatus includes a conveyor for conveying a stream of material to be shredded. The conveyor has openings formed therein. A shredding station in position adjacent the conveyor and includes a fluid jet cutting nozzle directing a high pressure jet of fluid onto the stream of material. As a result, portions of the material are separated from the stream of material. The separated portions of material pass through the openings in the conveyor. A subsequent shredding station can be positioned downstream of the initial shredding station for directing a second and higher pressure jet of fluid onto the stream of material. The subsequent shredding station can therefore shred material which the initial, relatively lower pressure fluid jet failed to shred from the stream. Sequential shredding stations of incrementally increased pressure can progressively shred material of increased hardness from the stream. The fluid jets can selectively include an abrasive material.

Abstract: Synthetic and metal are reclaimed from a synthetic-metal scrap combination by first comminuting the scrap particles in which metal and synthetic are not yet separated; grinding and pulverizing these particles to obtain a fluidized blend of synthetic fibers and metal spheres; and providing an air flow carrying the fibers and balls in a blend so as to obtain subsequent separation from each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for dividing up and recovering the individual materials from old cables. For this purpose, the cable mixture is sorted into individual constituents and cut to size, the outer plastic sheath is removed by being slit open, and the individual cores are fed to a disk comminuter. It is essential, at the same time, that the disk comminuter should cut up the individual plastic-sheathed cables or the cable composed of several individual cables into short cable pieces of a length of 3 to 10 mm in a salami-like manner. Because the pieces are very short, the short cable pins are separated from the plastic ring arranged round them on a following vibrating screen.

Abstract: A method is shown for disposing of hazardous waste material without utilizing landfill or bulk incineration. The hazardous waste material is first fed to a shredder for shredding the waste material to pieces of a range of predetermined sizes. The solid hazardous waste material is intermixed with an inlet stream of recycled flammable fuel. The shredded material and combined fuel is then transported by means of a screw conveyor to a dissolving tank, the dissolving tank being provided with a mechanical agitator for agitating the shredded material and combined fuel to produce a homogeneous, flammable mixture. The contents of the dissolving tank are passes to a storage tank once a homogeneous, flammable mixture is achieved.

Abstract: A pneumatic pulverizer comprises an accelerating pipe for conveying and accelerating powder by a high pressure gas, a pulverizing chamber and an impinging member which pulverizes the powder jetted out from the accelerating pipe through impinging force. The impinging member is provided in the pulverizing chamber as opposed to the accelerating pipe outlet and the impinging member has an impinging surface with a tip portion having a conical shape with an apex angle of 110.degree. to 175.degree.. In this way, powder is pulverized at the impinging surface of the impinging member and dispersed substantially in the entire circumferential direction after impinging and the powder dispersed may impinge secondarily on the wall of the pulverizing chamber.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and an apparatus for improving the grinding result of a pressure chamber grinder. According to the method the finely divided material to be ground is fed by means of a mechanical feeder device (1) into a pressurized equalizing tank (2), the possibly clodded material is made loose by means of a rotor in the equalizing tank, and the material thus made loose is transferred into a pre-grinder (3), wherein several grinding-gas jets are applied to the material to be ground so that the material to be ground is fluidized, the fluidized material-gas flow is passed into a bisecting device (6), wherein it is divided into two component flows of equivalent magnitude and composition, each component flow is passed into the main grinding chamber (9) through a long accelerating nozzle (8) of its own, which said nozzle is directed so that a collision zone for the two component flows is formed in the center point of the said main grinding chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to apparatus for crushing brittle material for grinding using a roller mill and a material bed roll mill for crushing the material for grinding falling downwards over the edge of the grinding track before it is delivered to the sifter. By the use of a material bed roll mill a considerable increase in the throughput capacity of the apparatus and a significant saving of energy can be achieved.

Abstract: A process for producing a slurry of a pulverized carbonaceous material having a predetermined particle size distribution with a certain average particle size and a certain maximum particle size is described.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing fine copper flakes which comprises media milling copper powder particles with one or more organic surfactants in a non-polar organic medium to comminute the copper particles and produce intermediate flakes having a thickness of less than about 3 micrometers, removing the major portion of the organic medium and the organic surfactants from the intermediate flakes to produce dried intermediate flakes, and fluid energy milling the intermediate flakes to reduce the diameter of the dried intermediate flakes and produce flakes having a diameter of no greater than about 10 micrometers in diameter.

Abstract: A process for reducing the size of asphaltene particles in heavy fuel oils, rendering the fuel oils more suitable for clean combustion. The process includes the steps of passing the fuel oil through a plurality of zones within a conduit, with each zone having shearing elements.

Abstract: A method of preparing wastepaper for fiberization comprising: (a) shredding the wastepaper in a screened shredding device, through which the wastepaper is drawn by a fan; (b) passing the resulting shredded-and-screened wastepaper through the fan, wherein wadded-up pieces of wastepaper which passed through said screen are opened up; and (c) screening out opened-up pieces of wastepaper.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the low temperature comminution of tires includes the separation of the tires into tire portions including tread portions, sidewall portions and bead portions. The tire portions are cooled and crushed to form rubber granules and scrap material. The rubber granules are sorted from the scrap material in a process that includes the step of suspending the granules in a moving stream of low temperature gas. The stream of gas and rubber granules is impacted on a solid surface to grind the granules. The low temperature gas is preferably recycled and cooled by heat exchange with another circulating low temperature gas such as nitrogen.

Abstract: Regrinding of middlings in a mineral-product dressing process of the kind in which the middlings are reground in order to crush individual half-grains and release valuable mineral therefrom, is carried out in a mill using an agitated grinding medium. The middlings are reduced to a particle size which is smaller than k.sub.80 =100 mm. There are used grinding bodies having originally a size of from 2 to 12 mm.

Abstract: Material is comminuted in a substantially dry state in a chamber (4) as a result of agitation by a rotor. During the process, gas is admitted to the chamber (4) through a foraminous base (8) to flow upwardly in a uniform manner across the cross-section of the chamber. Pulses of gas are directed periodically at the material through inlets (15) to prevent agglomeration of the material. The pressure of the gas admitted through the inlets (15) is higher than that admitted through the foraminous base (8). Surface active agents may be added to the material, also to prevent agglomeration, as well as, or instead of the use of pulsed gas.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for grinding brittle stock such as cement clinker to form finished cement, passing the grinding stock through a first roller press having pressure and nip capabilities to do product bed comminution which is unique in self particle destruction causing incipient cracks in the inside of the product particles which are delivered from the press in agglomerations or scabs, the agglomerated scabs are delivered to a second roller press of larger capacity, which also does product bed comminution, de-agglomerating the scabs after the second roller press, classifying the de-agglomerated product and recirculating the coarse fraction back to the second roller press and possibly also to the intake of the first roller press.

Abstract: A process for working up household, industrial and other similar waste for the recovery of a fibrous and/or granulated material, in which the waste material is subjected to preliminary comminution, magnetic separation, classification, drying and fractionation, wherein the light fraction resulting from the classification carried out after the magnetic separation is subjected to secondary comminution by cutting, and the heavy fraction to a predominantly granulating secondary comminution and thereafter both comminution products are recombined, dried and fractionated into fibrous matter and granulated material, is to be simplified, and in particular the costs reduced. This is achieved in that before the secondary cutting comminution appliance at least one part stream or the whole stream of the light fraction is diverted and fed directly and/or after comminution in a further comminution unit to further utlization. A device for carrying out the method is also proposed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving the grinding result of a pressure chamber grinder includes a feeder for feeding material into a pressurized equalizing tank, then transferring the material into a pre-grinder where the material is fluidized by grinding-gas jets. The fluidized material-gas flow is divided by a bisecting device into two component flows and it is accelerated through two accelerating nozzles which are directed toward a impact point of a main grinding chamber. The grinding chamber has an outlet connected to an acceleration tube inlet which is connected at its discharge to a free-flow grinder provided with tangentially directed grinding-gas nozzles. The material which passes through the nozzles is in a ready ground final product form is removed constantly through a centrally located exhaust pipe.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing aggregate from the ash residues resulting from incineration of municipal solid waste. Fly ash residue is added to bottom ash residue and oversized material is removed. The combined ash residue is mixed and ferrous metal is magnetically removed. The combined ash residue is comminuted and heavy metal immobilizing and volumetric stabilizing agents are added. Water is added to and mixed with the combined ash residue and stabilizing agents. The resulting mixture is retained for sufficient time to allow the immobilizing and stabilizing reactions to occur and weak agglomerations to form. The agglomerations are broken into individual particles before a solid mass is formed.

Abstract: Fried snack food product in ribbon-like form, preferably spiral, of a masa dough that has been ground and then further comminuted by cutting to have a maximum particle size of 0.05 inch.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved mill that achieves excellent milling with a reduced consumption of milling gas. The mill incorporates an impact plate in-line with a first jet and venturi and a second jet and venturi to entrain the milled particles from the plate to feed into a separation/milling chamber.

Abstract: An improved paper-making hydrous acid filler is prepared by classifying or pulverizing a slurry containing fine particles of hydrous silicic acid, which is obtained by neutralizing sodium silicate with sulfuric acid, by a wet classifier or a wet pulverizer, so that the proportion of particles having a particles size of 1 to 30 .mu.m is at least 80% and the proportion of particles having a particle size of at least 70 .mu.m is not more than 0.4%. The filler has a function of improving the ink receptivity of the paper of the internal additive type and is capable of improving the opacity of the paper after printing.

Abstract: Colored resinous particles suitable for use in toner powder for developing electrostatic latent images are produced from a pulverized feed at a good production efficiency and with a sharp particle size distribution through a classifying and pulverizing system including a second pulverization step associated with a second classification step in addition to a first classification step, such a second classification step and first pulverization step. The pulverized feed supplies to the first classification step is classified into a first classified fine powder and a first coarse powder, which is then pulverized in the first pulverization step and recycled to the first classification step. The first classified fine powder is supplied to the second classification step and classified therein into a second classified fine powder and a second coarse powder, which is then pulverized in the second pulverization step and recycled to the first classification step or the second classification step.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for breaking into parts of a certain size and screening a bulk material, in which the bulk material is fed onto a flat grid (49) made to vibrate, the type and intensity of this vibration being chosen in a manner such that the large lumps of at least one type of material which do not pass directly through the openings in the grid are broken on the said grid, as a result of the said vibration movement, into fragments having a size which permits these fragments to pass through the openings in the grid. Preferably the material passing through the grid is collected on at least one screen (58, 59, 60) which is made to vibrate together with the grid and the material moving over this screen which has not fallen through is conveyed through a reduction device at the discharge of the screen, which device is formed by at least one breaker roller (64) having a double action and which can be made to rotate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the two-stage crushing of brittle material comprising a roll mill and a second mill downstream thereof, the output of the second mill being delivered to a sifter. The quantity of grit obtained in the sifting operation is divided between the roll mill and the second mill in such a way that the sum of the quantity of fresh material and the quantity of grit delivered to the roll mill remains constant.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the two-stage crushing of brittle material comprising a roll mill and a mill connected downstream thereof, the output of the second mill being delivered to a sifter in which a second branch stream of the grit obtained in the sifting operation is returned to the roll mill and a further branch stream is returned to the second mill. A first control circuit keeps the sum of the quantity of fresh material and the quantity of grit constant, while a second control circuit divides the quantity of grit into two branch streams in such a way that the drive power of the roll mill remains constant.

Abstract: A mechanical disintegration is effected in which substantially only the metal sheath of the small batteries is torn apart. The crushed material is roasted at 500.degree. to 1000.degree. C. in a state of motion in an oxidizing atmosphere and the volatilized mercury is recovered from the exhaust gas. The roasted material is separated by sieving and magnetic separation into an iron-containing scrap fraction, a brass-containing scrap fraction and a collectable fraction, which contains manganese, zinc and silver.

Abstract: Zirconia ceramics containing substantial amounts of metastable tetragonal phase crystallites, so that they are tougher than most other ceramics, can be completely comminuted to powders, without applying any mechanical force, by treatment with water or steam at temperatures well above room temperature. This type of comminution is particularly useful for small, often hollow, spheres produced by rapidly solidifying melts of zirconia and a stabilizing oxide such as yttria. These spheres can be almost completely comminuted to a size suitable for wet vibratory milling by treatment for twenty-four hours at 250 C under sufficient steam pressure to maintain some liquid water in equilibrium.

Abstract: In a method for the wet grinding of explosive, a homogeneous suspension with a given ratio of water to explosive of e.g. 4:1 is produced in a vessel with an agitator. The level in the vessel (10) is adjusted as the suspension is being supplied to the mill in such a way that it does fall below the level of the blades of the agitator.

Abstract: Rare earth magnet alloys are comminuted into fine particles at room tempeure up to about 400.degree. C. by placing the alloy into a vessel and pressurizing the vessel, hydriding the alloy, depressurizing the alloy to atmospheric pressure after the absorption of hydrogen and evacuating the vessel so that the absorbed hydrogen is given up leaving microfissures in the alloy, and comminution of the sample.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and method for producing a free flowing coal suspension high in solids content. The coal is ground in at least two stages utilizing a mill having a calibrating effect in one stage and a mill without calibrating effect in another stage and adding a sub-quantity of viscosity reducing additive to the coal before each grinding. A drying of the coal or reconcentration of the suspension is not required. A roller mill operating on the principle of materials bed comminution is preferred as the non-calibrating mill in the first grinding stage and a rotating drum mill or a vibration grinding mill with rods as grinding bodies is preferred as the calibrating mill.

Abstract: A machine is capable of cutting into pieces disposable containers such as plastic bottles and metal cans. A first cutting section includes a pair of parallel shafts mounted for rotation in opposite directions. Each of the shafts supports a plurality of cutting wheels keyed for rotation therewith. The cutting wheels of one shaft overlap the cutting wheels on the other shaft as each cutting wheel is axially separated from axially adjacent cutting wheels thereon by one of the cutting wheels on the other shaft. A comber is aligned with each cutting wheel to provide a gap between the cutting teeth and the end of the comber. The disposable containers are cut into first pieces between the cutting wheels of one shaft and the cutting wheels of the other shaft. The first pieces from the first cutting section pass to a second cutting section to be cut into smaller, second pieces. The invention also includes the method of cutting the disposable containers in pieces.

Abstract: A process for producing a coal-water slurry having a low viscosity and a good stability even in a high coal concentration without increase in the production cost is provided, which process is characterized in that when coal is fed to a wet mill and milled therein, the coal feed is divided in a multi-stage manner, also in that two coals of different grindabilities are milled together.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the treatment of a slag generated in an ironworks and comprises rough crushing a solidified slag generated in an ironworks with a crusher into a specified particle size, a step of further crushing for separation, and dividing the crushed slag by specific gravity separation with a dry vibrating air classifier and a step of magnetic separation into a metal component and a slag component. This process can be carried out even in a cold district where water freezes in winter.