Abstract: An aspect of the present disclosure is related to a method for measuring and controlling linear chirp level of ultrafast laser pulse. The method includes steps as follows. A carrier-envelope phase-chirp (CEP-chirp) relation which serve as a chirp monitor is extracted, in which the CEP-chirp relation is generated from an ultrafast laser pulse. A linear chirp level of a target pulse is measured in response to the CEP-chirp relation. According to the measuring with respect to the linear chirp level of the target pulse, a dispersion element which the ultrafast laser pulse passes through is varied to control and stabilize the linear chirp level of the target pulse.

Abstract: A method for detecting a material flow comprises: generating a THz beam with a THz sensor, guiding the THz beam through a material flow along at least one first optical axis, reflecting the THz beam with at least one reflector mirror detecting the reflected THz reflection beam and generating a signal amplitude, determining a reflector peak in the signal amplitude corresponding to the reflector mirror, evaluating the reflector peak in an evaluating step and determining material properties of the material flow depending on the evaluating step. A calibration measurement of a guiding device may first be carried out without any material flow, while storing the signal amplitude and/or a determined reflector peak of the signal amplitude, and guiding the material flow through the guiding device and acquiring the signal amplitude, to determine differences of the signal amplitude of the calibration measurement and the subsequent measurement with the material flow.

Abstract: A deposition system is provided capable of measuring at least one of the film characteristics (e.g., thickness, resistance, and composition) in the deposition system. The deposition system in accordance with the present disclosure includes a substrate process chamber. The deposition system in accordance with the present disclosure includes a substrate pedestal in the substrate process chamber, the substrate pedestal configured to support a substrate, and a target enclosing the substrate process chamber. A shutter disk including an in-situ measuring device is provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a GaAs monolithic integrated terahertz low-noise communication system transceiver front-end, including an intermediate frequency circuit and a terahertz circuit. The terahertz circuit includes a local oscillator frequency tripler, a local oscillator unidirectional 3 dB filter coupler, a radio frequency 180° filter coupler, and two terahertz GaAs monolithic integrated subharmonic mixers. The local oscillator unidirectional 3 dB filter coupler and the radio frequency 180° filter coupler each include one ring-cylindrical resonant cavity and four rectangular waveguides. The ring-cylindrical resonant cavity is divided into four rectangular waveguides which are correspondingly connected to the four sector-annular resonant cavities, respectively.

Abstract: The invention relates to a diagnostic method and system for drip irrigation cotton with nitrogen nutrient deficit. First, the sensitive leaf layer of cotton is determined according to the growth stage of cotton, and the spectral reflectance and biomass of each functional leaf in the sensitive leaf layer are collected to calculate average spectral reflectance of the sensitive leaf layer and the maximum leaf biomass. Then, the critical nitrogen concentration was calculated according to the maximum leaf biomass. Finally, the nitrogen nutrition index of cotton is calculated according to the nitrogen concentration and the critical nitrogen concentration. The nitrogen nutrition index is used to characterize the abundance and deficiency of nitrogen nutrition in cotton, so as to determine the abundance and deficiency of nitrogen nutrition in cotton, which can reduce the calculation amount of nitrogen nutrition index, diagnose the abundance and deficiency of nitrogen nutrition in drip irrigation cotton.

Abstract: A method is disclosed. The method may include generating a first optical image of a sample with a first inspection sub-system. The first optical image may be generated when a first set of photoluminescent markers are emitting photoluminescent illumination at a first time interval. The method may include generating additional optical images with an additional inspection sub-system. The additional optical images may be generated when additional photoluminescent markers are emitting photoluminescent illumination at additional time intervals. The method may include generating an accumulated optical image based on the first optical image and the additional optical images. The method may include determining a location of the photoluminescent markers based on the accumulated optical image. The method may include determining a pattern of the sample based on the determined location of the photoluminescent markers.

Abstract: Certain examples relate to a terrestrial terahertz imaging system. In one example, the terrestrial terahertz imaging system has an imaging assembly to form a first image of at least a portion of an object using electromagnetic radiation in a terahertz band of frequencies and a receiver assembly comprising a cryostat. The cryostat contains a detector and reflective cold re-imaging optical components to receive the electromagnetic radiation from the imaging assembly. The reflective cold re-imaging optical components form a second image of at least a portion of the object on the detector. The imaging assembly has reflective optical components arranged in a confocal configuration that is arranged to image at finite conjugates. The reflective cold re-imaging optical components implement a reflective, confocal optical relay. Other examples relate to body and vehicle scanning devices that may be used in security applications.

Abstract: An optical apparatus evaluating method includes the steps of acquiring first data on a performance of an optical apparatus, which changes along with use of the optical apparatus, acquiring second data on a reference performance of the optical apparatus, and evaluating the performance of the optical apparatus using the first data and the second data.

Abstract: In some examples, an array sensor temperature control system is provided. The system may include an array sensor for generating a two-dimensional image, the two-dimensional image including a plurality of pixels or cells indicative of a temperature of a monitored component; a controller for controlling a heating or cooling device to adjust the temperature of the monitored component; and an array sensor controller activated by a power source and being in communication with the array sensor and controller.

Abstract: In an optical measurement method, light is directed from a light generator to a light path cell. A light path is generated by continuously reflecting the light between first and second high reflection mirrors within a light path cell that face to each other. An optical signal is detected from an aerosol sample present within a range of the light path. The optical signal is separated into a particle signal and a gas signal by using a statistical methodology. A particle concentration is calculated from the particle signal by using an assumption of an optical particle counter (OPC). A gas concentration is calculated from the gas signal by using optical characteristic data of gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming at least one three-dimensional article through successive fusion of parts of a powder bed, which parts corresponds to successive cross sections of the three-dimensional article, the apparatus comprising: a powder distributor configured for evenly distributing a layer of powder on top of a work table provided inside a build chamber; and at least one high energy beam source emanating at least one high energy beam configured for fusing the powder layer in selected locations corresponding to the cross section of the three-dimensional article, wherein the apparatus further comprising at least one target area arranged spaced apart from the layer of powder for emanating light when irradiated by the at least one high energy beam.

Abstract: A method for adaptively selecting a ground penetrating radar (GPR) image for detecting a moisture damage is provided. The method adaptively selects the GPR image according to a contrast of the GPR image. The method includes the following steps: S1, reading pre-processed GPR data; S2, adjusting a resolution of a picture; S3, inputting a data set into a recognition model; S4, outputting a moisture damage result; S5, judging whether there is a detection target or not by using an initial random image data set; and S6, generating the GPR image randomly incrementally and selecting the GPR image with a proper contrast. A proper B-scan image is found effectively, quickly and automatically by combining a recognition algorithm and a deep learning model or an image classification model to achieve an automatic recognition and detection based on the GPR image and improving a recognition precision as well.

Abstract: Terahertz wave detection equipment comprises: a terahertz wave transceiver including a transmitter for transmitting a terahertz wave and a receiver for receiving a reflected terahertz wave reflected by a background reflected object which exists behind an object to be analyzed; a display; and an information processing apparatus, wherein the transmitter irradiates a terahertz wave based on a transmission signal including a specific frequency toward a two-dimensional area including the object to be analyzed, and the information processing apparatus is configured to analyze concentration of the object to be analyzed based on the reflected terahertz wave and generate a composite image in which a concentration image of the object to be analyzed is combined with an image of the background reflected object.

Abstract: A gas analysis system and method with a spectrometer, such as a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, utilizing a reactor, such as a catalytic reactor, for providing reference spectra.

Abstract: A fire monitoring system and a container-type data center system. The fire monitoring system includes a filtering apparatus, a detection apparatus, and a control apparatus. The filtering apparatus includes a first stage filter and a second stage filter.

Abstract: Disclosed techniques include skin diagnostics using optical signatures. A plurality of optical excitation light wavelength bands is scanned on a material sample, wherein the material sample exhibits optical spectral characteristics along the light wavelength spectrum. Excitation response wavelengths emitted by the material sample are captured in response to the plurality of optical excitation light wavelength bands, wherein the capturing is accomplished using an imaging sensor. Output values of a plurality of pixels of an image from the imaging sensor are measured, wherein the image represents excitation response wavelengths captured by the imaging sensor, wherein the measuring detects optical spectral characteristics of the material sample, and wherein the optical spectral characteristics are in response to the plurality of optical excitation light wavelength bands.

Abstract: A method to process a laboratory carrier in a laboratory system based on a feature of a test liquid in the laboratory carrier is presented. The laboratory system comprises the laboratory carrier comprising the test liquid, a terahertz wave source, a terahertz detector, a laboratory carrier processing device, and a control unit. Using terahertz technology and data analysis, the feature of the test liquid in the laboratory carrier can be determined. In addition, the control unit controls the laboratory carrier processing device based on the determined feature of the test liquid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a THz measuring device for measuring a layer thickness of a wall (4a) of a measurement object (4) and/or of a distance (18) between boundary surfaces (4a, 4b) of a measurement object (4), comprising a transmitter and receiver unit (2) including a Terahertz-Sender and a Terahertz receiver, a controller means configured to determine the layer thickness of the wall (4a) of the measurement object (4) and/or a distance (18) between boundary surfaces (4b, 4c) of the measurement object (4) from a time-of-flight difference of the Terahertz radiation reflected on a first boundary surface (4b, 4c) of the wall (4a) of the measurement object (4) and the Terahertz radiation reflected on a second boundary surface (4b, 4c) of the wall (4a), where in the beam path (5) of the at least one transmitter and receiver unit (2) an adjustable optical unit (7) including a reflector is arranged, where a surface of the reflector is designed to deflect the irradiated Terahertz radiation and/or the Terahertz radi

Abstract: A substrate processing system includes a processing chamber, a substrate support, a laser, and a collimating assembly. The substrate support is disposed in the processing chamber and is configured to support a substrate. The laser is configured to generate a laser beam. The collimating assembly includes lenses or mirrors arranged to direct the laser beam at the substrate to heat an exposed material of the substrate. The lenses or mirrors are configured to direct the laser beam in a direction within a predetermined range of being perpendicular to a surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A LIDAR system has a laser emission unit configured to generate a plurality of laser beams. The LIDAR system also has an optical system configured to transmit the plurality of laser beams from the laser emission unit to a common scanning unit. The common scanning unit is configured to project the plurality of laser beams toward a field of view of the LIDAR system to simultaneously scan the field of view along a plurality of scan lines traversing the field of view.

Abstract: A gas analysis system and method using a spectrometer, such as a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, utilizes a reactor, such as a catalytic reactor, for providing interference spectra. The gas is pressurized and chilled to remove water prior to the spectrometer.

Abstract: A temperature measurement system includes: a thickness calculating unit that calculates an optical thickness of a substrate; a rotation position detecting unit that detects rotation position information of the rotary table; a substrate specifying unit that specifies a substrate based on the rotation position information; a storage unit that stores first relationship information indicating a relationship between a temperature and a thickness associated with each substrate, and second relationship information indicating a relationship between an amount of change in temperature and an amount of change in optical thickness associated with each substrate; and a temperature calculating unit that calculates a temperature of the substrate based on the optical thickness calculated by the thickness calculating unit, the substrate specified by the substrate specifying unit, the first relationship information, and the second relationship information.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a device for measuring a first analyte concentration and a second analyte concentration in a measuring medium, the device including: a sample cell; a first light source unit; a first detector unit; a functional element; a second light source unit; a second detector unit; and a control unit adapted to analyze a detected first light for determining a first value representing the concentration of the first analyte in the measuring medium and adapted to analyze a detected third light for determining a second value representing the concentration of the second analyte in the measuring medium. A method of using the device is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a passive terahertz biometric imaging device configured to be arranged under an at least partially transparent display panel and configured to capture a terahertz image of an object located on an opposite side of the transparent display panel, the terahertz biometric imaging device comprising: an image sensor comprising an antenna pixel array arranged to detect terahertz radiation produced by the object, for capturing a terahertz image of the object.

Abstract: A breast pump device (1) is equipped with or used in conjunction with an acoustic milk expression assessment system (6) for the purpose of obtaining an indication about a fat content of expressed milk. The acoustic milk expression assessment system (6) includes an acoustic sensor (61) and a processor (62) configured to process an acoustic signal received from the acoustic sensor (61) during operation of the breast pump device (1) when a milk receptacle (4) is used with the device (1). By recording sound during a pumping session, it is possible to determine a frequency shift in the sound of droplets falling down in the receptacle (4) and hitting a surface of the milk contained by the receptacle (4) with respect to a reference situation of a liquid having 0% fat content, which can be taken as a factor in estimating a value related to the fat content of the milk.

Abstract: The present disclosure belongs to field of nondestructive testing and positioning of urban water supply pipe leakage in municipal engineering and discloses a method for detecting leakage of water supply pipe based on ground-penetrating radar three-dimensional image attribute analysis including: acquiring ground-penetrating radar original image data of water supply pipe by longitudinal scanning; de-noising and filtering acquired original image data; fitting processed image data into three-dimensional data body by interpolation, extracting multiple planar or stereo image attributes and displaying image attributes by longitudinal, transverse, horizontal, irregular profiles and iso-surface; and accurately identifying and positioning pipe leakage positions and scale by multi-attribute comprehensive analysis.

Abstract: A multispectral or thermal imager comprising a lens assembly, an array of IC chips that is arranged in a field of view of the lens assembly, each IC chip comprising an array of thermopile devices, and a filter assembly comprising one or more wavelength filters. The filter assembly comprises a respective wavelength filter for at least one of the three or more rows of IC chips. At least one wavelength filter is transparent in a portion of a wavelength range that passes through the lens assembly. The filter assembly is configured such that radiation of the same wavelength range passes to the rows of IC chips in the pair of non-adjacent rows, and such that the wavelength range that passes to the rows in the pair of non-adjacent rows is different from a wavelength range that passes to the one or more rows other than the pair of non-adjacent rows.

Abstract: Systems for testing for a target virus include an analysis device and a sample cartridge. A system for detecting a target virus includes a cartridge and an analysis device. A biological sample is inserted into the cartridge. The cartridge includes reagents and other liquids for processing the biological sample. The cartridge is inserted into the analysis device. The analysis device interacts with the cartridge to complete testing of the biological sample for the presence of the target virus.

Abstract: A system and a method is provided for assessing motion of a biological tissue of a subject including one or more superficial biological layers and a targeted biological layer. An optical perturbation is introduced within the one or more superficial biological layers but not within the targeted biological layer. A set of optical signal data is acquired preceding, during, or following the optical perturbation and, using the set of optical signal data, a set of optical characteristics is determined that is representative of light transiting the biological layers. Using the set of optical characteristics and a model of the biological layers, a target optical signal consistent with a target biological layer is separated and a movement of the desired biological tissue is determined using the target optical signal.

Abstract: An article-inspection apparatus includes a light source for directing light energy with multiple wavelengths at the article and multiple sensors to receive light reflected from external and internal surfaces of the wall of the article, with the reflections being used to compute a physical characteristic, e.g., wall thickness, of the container, due to the light absorption characteristics of the material of the wall of the article. A single light sensitive sensor may be used if the light source wavelengths can be selectively transmitted. The apparatus can be used for inspecting transparent plastic containers that are filled (with a liquid) or unfilled. The apparatus may determine the wall thickness of transparent plastic containers even if they have in-molded features or decorations that make their inner and outer walls non-parallel.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for imaging using microwave or terahertz radiation are described. The apparatus comprises: a cell comprising a vapour of atoms; one or more laser beams propagating through said cell, said one or more laser beams defining a sensing region in said cell; an imaging beam for illuminating an object receiving area for receiving an object to be imaged, said imaging beam comprising microwave or terahertz radiation; an imaging system for focusing the imaging beam to form, in use, an image of said object at said sensing region in said cell; wherein respective frequencies of said one or more laser beams and said imaging beam are such that at least some of said atoms, when subjected to radiation of both said one or more laser beams and said imaging beam, are excited to a final excited state which decays to a lower energy state by emission of optical fluorescence.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention relate to methods for characterizing a multi-layered tire tread. In one example, a method comprises providing a first rubber composition having a first refractive index and providing a second rubber composition having a second refractive index. The method further comprises determining a difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index and comparing the difference to a threshold refractive index. In addition, the method comprises adding a refractive index modifier to the first rubber composition and/or second rubber composition in case the comparison provides that the difference is lower than the threshold refractive index, so that the difference is greater than, or equal to, the threshold refractive index.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire quantitative information on a test substance, the quantitative information being estimated by inputting, to a learning model, two or more pieces of spectral information selected from a plurality of pieces of spectral information on a sample containing the test substance and a foreign substance.

Abstract: A system includes a first transmission unit configure to emit a first terahertz wave, a second transmission unit disposed at a position different from a position of the first transmission unit and configured to emit a second terahertz wave, a detection unit for detecting at least one of a first reflected terahertz wave that is a part of the first terahertz wave reflected from an object, or a second reflected terahertz wave that is a part of the second terahertz wave reflected from the object, and outputting image data based on the detected terahertz wave, and a first control unit configured to, under a condition set based on the image data, control at least one of an operation of the first transmission unit or an operation of the second transmission unit.

Abstract: Example embodiments provide digital holographic techniques and associated systems for imaging through scattering media in a strictly one-sided observation in which the observer (e.g. the controller of the camera) has no access to the object plane nor does the observer introduce a fluorescing agent to the object plane. An example imaging system comprises a laser source, a digital sensor array, and a processing system.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems that relate to a sensor bracket, a sensor assembly that includes the sensor bracket, as well as movable objects and vehicles equipped with the sensor assembly are described. One example sensor bracket includes a bracket body having a first end and a second end. The first end of the bracket body is configured to connect to an automobile and the second end of the bracket body is configured to connect to a sensor. A first air curtain machine is positioned at the second end of the bracket body, the first air curtain machine having an air outlet that is positioned to cause air to flow from the first air curtain machine through the air outlet across a forward-facing direction of the sensor.

Abstract: A deposition system is provided capable of measuring at least one of the film characteristics (e.g., thickness, resistance, and composition) in the deposition system. The deposition system in accordance with the present disclosure includes a substrate process chamber. The deposition system in accordance with the present disclosure includes a substrate pedestal in the substrate process chamber, the substrate pedestal configured to support a substrate, and a target enclosing the substrate process chamber. A shutter disk including an in-situ measuring device is provided.

Abstract: An example system includes a first spectrometer, a second spectrometer, and an electronic control device communicatively coupled to the first spectrometer and the second spectrometer. The first spectrometer is operable to emit first light using a first light source towards a sample region between the first spectrometer and the second spectrometer. The first spectrometer is also operable to measure first reflected light reflected using a first photodetector from an object in the sample region. The second spectrometer is operable to measure first transmitted light transmitted through the object using a second photodetector. The electronic control device is operable to determine, based on at least one of the measured first reflected light or the measured first transmitted light, a spectral distribution of light corresponding to the object.

Abstract: An example system for detecting pipe defects is provided. The system includes a transmitter, a receiver and a processing device. The transmitter is oriented to transmit Terahertz (THz) waveform pulses towards at least one of an outer surface of a pipe or an inner surface of the pipe. The receiver is oriented to receive reflected Terahertz (THz) waveform pulses from at least one of the outer surface of the pipe or the inner surface of the pipe. The processing device configured is to receive as input the Terahertz (THz) waveform pulses transmitted from the transmitter and the reflected Terahertz (THz) waveform pulses received by the receiver and, based on the received input, determine if a defect in the pipe exists.

Abstract: Various smart doorbell arrangements are presented. Based on a measured temperature of the smart doorbell, operation of the smart doorbell device may be altered such that more heat or less heat is generated without affecting user-facing features. Based on another measured temperature, operation of the smart doorbell may be altered such that a chime that is electrically coupled to the smart doorbell device is not sounded in response to a doorbell actuation, but that a notification of the doorbell actuation is wirelessly transmitted by the smart doorbell device.

Abstract: Described examples include an apparatus having a phase light modulator. The apparatus also has a first light source configured to direct a first light beam to the phase light modulator, the phase light modulator configured to provide a first modulated light beam directed to a first field of view. The apparatus also has a second light source configured to direct a second light beam to the phase light modulator, the phase light modulator configured to provide a second modulated light beam directed to a second field of view. The apparatus also has a first light detector configured to detect the first modulated light beam as reflected from the first field of view; and a second light detector configured to detect the second modulated light beam as reflected from the second field of view.

Abstract: The invention comprises an applied force-optic analyzer used to determine a sample constituent concentration, a physical measure of the sample, and/or a state of the sample. The analyzer comprises: an electro-mechanical transducer affixed to skin of a subject; a controller, the controller providing a voltage waveform to the electro-mechanical transducer driving displacement of the skin and inducing a pressure wave into the skin; and a spectrometer interfaced to a sample site of the skin, the spectrometer comprising a set of sources and a set of detectors, where the controller is configured to collect signal from the set of detectors as a function of timing of the voltage waveform and apply a calibration model to the signal to determine the analyte concentration.

Abstract: We describe a super-resolution optical microscopy technique in which a sample is located on or adjacent to the planar surface of an aplanatic solid immersion lens and placed in a cryogenic environment.

Abstract: Terahertz wave detection equipment comprises: a terahertz wave transceiver including a transmitter for transmitting a terahertz wave and a receiver for receiving a reflected terahertz wave reflected by a background reflected object which exists behind an object to be analyzed; a display; and an information processing apparatus, wherein the transmitter irradiates a terahertz wave based on a transmission signal including a specific frequency toward a two-dimensional area including the object to be analyzed, and the information processing apparatus is configured to analyze concentration of the object to be analyzed based on the reflected terahertz wave and generate a composite image in which a concentration image of the object to be analyzed is combined with an image of the background reflected object.

Abstract: A device for optical detection of analytes in a sample includes at least two optoelectronic components. The optoelectronic components include at least one optical detector configured to receive a photon and at least one optical emitter configured to emit a photon. The at least one optical emitter includes at least three optical emitters disposed in a flat, non-linear arrangement, and the at least one optical detector includes at least three optical detectors disposed in a flat, non-linear arrangement. The at least three optical emitters and the at least three optical detectors include at least three different wavelength characteristics.

Abstract: A time of flight based depth detection system is disclosed that includes a projector configured to sequentially emit multiple complementary illumination patterns. A sensor of the depth detection system is configured to capture the light from the illumination patterns reflecting off objects within the sensor's field of view. The data captured by the sensor can be used to filter out erroneous readings caused by light reflecting off multiple surfaces prior to returning to the sensor.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing operations based on LIDAR communications are described. An example device may include one or more processors and a memory coupled to the one or more processors. The memory includes instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to receive data associated with a modulated optical signal emitted by a transmitter of a first LIDAR device and received by a receiver of a second LIDAR device coupled to a vehicle and the device, generate a rendering of an environment of the vehicle based on information from one or more LIDAR devices coupled to the vehicle, and update the rendering based on the received data. Updating the rendering includes updating an object rendering of an object in the environment of the vehicle. The instructions further cause the device to provide the updated rendering for display on a display coupled to the vehicle.

Abstract: A system for Terahertz detection of target charged cells, comprising a near-infrared femtosecond radiation source; a sensing plate, the sensing plate comprising a sensing film deposited on an insulator/semiconductor film; wherein the radiation source is configured to irradiate the sensing plate, and upon irradiation, the sensing plate emits electromagnetic pulses in a THz frequency range in a specular direction of reflection. The method for Terahertz detection of target charged cells comprises irradiating a sensing plate comprising a sensing film deposited on an insulator/semiconductor film with a near-infrared femtosecond radiation; applying a charged bias voltage to the sensing film; and monitoring variations in amplitude of THz pulses emitted by the sensing plate.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of and system for facilitating detection of a particular predetermined gas in a scene under observation. The gas in the scene is typically associated with a gas leak in equipment. To this end, the system comprises an infrared camera arrangement; a strobing illuminator device having a strobing frequency matched to a frame rate of the camera; and a processing arrangement. The processing arrangement is configured to store a prior frame obtained via the infrared camera arrangement; and compare a current frame with the stored prior frame and generate an output signal in response to said comparison. The system also comprises a display device configured to display an output image based at least on the output signal generated by the processing arrangement so as to facilitate detection of the particular predetermined gas, in use.

Abstract: Non-destructive inspection systems (10) and methods for inspecting structural flaws that may be in a structure (15) based on guided wave thermography. The method may include sweeping a frequency-phase space to maximize ultrasonic energy distribution across the structure while minimizing input energy, e.g., via a plurality of actuators. The system may include transducer elements (12, 14, 16, 17) configured to predominantly generate shear horizontal-type guided waves in the structure to maximize thermal response from any flaws.