Abstract: A process for preventing formation of scale which comprises adding, into a water system in which ozone is used for disinfection, a polymeric scale inhibitor having a high molecular weight which gives an average molecular weight within an optimum range for preventing formation of scale after the polymeric scale inhibitor is decomposed with ozone. In accordance with the process, the polymeric scale inhibitor having an average molecular weight within the optimum range for preventing formation of scale is present in the water system in which ozone is used for disinfection and formation of scale is effectively prevented.

Abstract: A composition and an improved method for treating aqueous systems to prevent the accumulation of mineral scale and corrosion which comprises adding to the aqueous system a treatment solution comprising 2 phosphonobutane 1,2,4 tricarboxylic acid and a quad-polymer that includes four discrete monomers (specifically allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, methallyl sulfonic acid, a copolymerizable non-ionic monomer and an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer). The composition and method allow the use of higher cycles of concentration, including aqueous systems having calcite saturation indices (CSI) of more than 200, while inhibiting the formation of calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, magnesium silicate, and iron scales.

Abstract: The present invention describes an innovative means of inhibiting corrosion of metals which experience active-passive transition in contact with an electrolyte. This invention incorporates hydrogen peroxide and/or peroxycarboxylic acids or their constituents to inhibit corrosion by inducing passivation of the metal. Application of this technology reduces the potential for fouling, scaling and deposition as well as outperforming existing methods of corrosion control in these applications.

Abstract: The deleterious effects of metal ions in water, for example water hardness and formation of deposits, may be combated by application of an algin, for example alginic acid or a salt of alginic acid, such as sodium alginate or potassium alginate. Such a compound may bring about water purification and/or softening and prevent formation of deposits. Furthermore, such a compound may promote the removal of existing deposits, for example scale.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the formation and deposition of scale forming moieties in aqueous systems by adding water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers is disclosed. The method comprises adding to an aqueous system a polymer having repeat units characterized by the Formula I: Wherein E is the repeat unit remaining after polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated compound; preferably, a carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, or amide form thereof or mixtures thereof. R1 is H or lower (C1-C4)alkyl. G is —CH2— or —CHCH3—; R2 is &Parenopenst;CH2—CH2—O&Parenclosest;n or &Parenopenst;CH2—CHCH3—O&Parenclosest;n where n ranges from about 1 to 100, preferably about 1 to 20. X is an anionic radical selected from the group consisting of SO3, PO3, or COO; Z is H or hydrogens or any water soluble cationic moiety which counterbalances the valence of the anionic radical X, including but not limited to Na, K, Ca, or NH4.

Abstract: An additive for controlling the detrimental effects of secondary recycled contaminants in the papermaking process. In the preferred embodiment, the additive includes a first low molecular weight, cationic water-soluble polymer and a second low molecular weight, cationic, water-soluble polymer, wherein the first low molecular weight, cationic, water-soluble polymer and the second low molecular weight, cationic, water-soluble polymer are co-reacted. In the preferred embodiment, the effective amount of the additive is determined by measuring about a 50 PPM reduction in soluble charge of the liquid base after adding the additive to the liquid base. In the most preferred embodiment, the reduction in soluble charge is between about 50 and 150 PPM as measured by determining the electrophoretic mobility of the liquid base with and without the additive.

Abstract: Novel corrosion inhibiting compositions comprising a combination of amino thiol or amino disulfide compounds with acidic amino acid polymers inhibit carbon dioxide induced corrosion of ferrous metals in aqueous systems. Particularly effective inhibitor compositions are the natural amino acids cysteine and cystine and their decarboxylated analogues cysteamine and cystamine in combination with polyaspartic acid. The inhibitor compositions are particularly useful for preventing corrosion and scale formation in oil production applications.

Abstract: Carboxyl-containing fructans such as carboxymethylinulin can be successfully used to prevent deposition of scale composed of, for example, calcium, barium and strontium salts of sulphuric acid and carbonic acid in oil extraction. In the oil extraction method, 0.5-200 ppm of a carboxyl-containing fructan that contains 0.3-3 carboxyl groups per mono-saccharide unit is incorporated in the process water, in the process equipment or in the oil-containing formation.

Abstract: A method and composition for controlling corrosion of metals, particularly ferrous-based metals in contact with aqueous systems is disclosed, which includes treating industrial waters with a combination of a tetrazolium salt of the general formula: where R1, R2 and R3 may be various organic or inorganic substitutents, where n may be 1 or 2, and at least one other aqueous system treatment material.

Abstract: A lock unimolecular micelle includes at least one engineered acceptor specifically binding a ligand (or specifically a “key” unimolecular micelle) thereto. A key unimolecular micelle comprises a core molecule and a plurality of branches extending therefrom, at least one of the branches including a shank portion extending therefrom having a terminal moiety at an end thereof for binding to a complimentary acceptor of a lock unimolecular micelle. Together, the lock and key micelles form a unit, either irreversibly or reversibly bound wherein the lock micelles is a soluble receptor engineered to specifically bind to the specifically engineered key micelle.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition and a method for inhibiting the formation of scale, particularly complex scale, in an aqueous system where more than one type of scale is present. The scale typically present in the aqueous system includes silica, silicates, and carbonates. The scale inhibiting composition comprises (1) 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid and salts thereof, and (2) a copolymer of (1) one or more allyloxybenzenesulfonate monomers, and (2) one or more water-soluble acrylic monomers, substituted acrylic monomers, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to metal oxides dispersant compositions comprising (a) certain a metal oxides dispersant, and (b) an oxime. The invention also relates to a process for dispersing metal oxides in an aqueous system that involves adding the dispersant composition to the aqueous system.

Abstract: A barium sulfate and/or calcium carbonate scale inhibitor composition is presented composed of a water-soluble polymer having incorporated phosphate functionality, the polymer being formed from at least one ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, at least one ethylenically unsaturated vinyl sulphonate monomer, or a mixture thereof. The scale inhibitor composition can also be used as a means of detecting the inhibitor composition in downhole and topside oilfield treatments by means that are faster and more accurate than turbidometric measurement.

Abstract: Polyaspartic acid and, optionally a non-ionic surfactant, are used to treat circulating water from a paint shop.

Abstract: A method of controlling microbial fouling is provided. The method controls microbial fouling using hypobromous acid, HOBr, formed by the reaction between an aqueous solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite and a bromide ion source. The method is characterized in that the alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite or/and the bromide ion source is/are stabilized by the addition of a stabilizer before the hypobromous acid is formed by the reaction there between.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting the formation of scale in waters having a high barium content and low pH comprises the addition of an aqueous solution of a phosphonate of formula: wherein Z=—CHR1PO3R2 R=H, CH3, C2H5 or M R1=H, CH3, CR3, C6H5, SO3H2 M=alkali metal or ammonium ion n=2-6, preferably 2-4 m=2-6, preferably 2-4 a=2-10, preferably 2-4 b=2-10, preferably 2-6 x=0-6, preferably 0-3 y=0-6, preferably 0-2 provided that when y=o at least one of n or m is greater than 2.

Abstract: Build-up suppressing compositions, comprising: a) at least one condensation product between an aldehyde, a phenol compound and an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid, or at least one condensation product between formaldehyde and an optionally substituted alpha-naphthol, and b) at least one polycarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Among the enhanced properties of the 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoins described are their larger average particle sizes, their compactibility even though devoid of a binder, their excellent free-flowing and low-dust properties, and their more appealing aesthetic qualities, as compared to previously known 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoins. These novel 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoins can be produced, for example, by concurrently feeding (i) an aqueous solution or slurry formed from an inorganic base and 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, and (ii) a brominating agent, in proportions such that each nitrogen atom is substituted by a bromine atom, thereby forming product which precipitates in an aqueous reaction mixture. The pH of the reaction mixture is maintained in the range of about 5.5 to about 8.5.

Abstract: The deposition of calcium salts, including calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate and the formation of foam, during the evaporation of sugar streams can be prevented or restricted by ding 0.1-200 ppm of a carboxyalkylfructan that contains 0.5-3 carboxyl groups per monosaccharide unit, 0.4-2.5 of which carboxyl groups are in the form of carboxyalkyl groups, to the sugar streams. The carboxyalkyl groups are, in particular, carboxymethyl groups. The other carboxyl groups can be carboxyl groups obtained by oxidation.

Abstract: Aqueous suspensions of paints in waste waters can be treated to detackify the paint and facilitate its removal by contacting the paint suspension at a pH of from about 5 to about 14 with a polyarylamine that is produced by reacting an aldehyde with an arylamine in the presence of an acid in an aqueous suspension. The same polyarylamine can also be used for reducing the color content of highly colored liquids. Compositions containing the polyarylamine are also described.

Abstract: This invention relates to phosphate stabilizing compositions comprising (a) polyaspartic acid, and (b) an anionic carboxylic polymer. The compositions effectively stabilize phosphates by inhibiting the formation of calcium phosphate scale. The invention also relates to a process for inhibiting calcium phosphate scale in water treatment systems.

Abstract: Water purificant methods of the invention are effective to provide optimum media for living cells of microorganisms, fishes, plants, hymenocarps and/or animals in water and/or soils. The methods are applicable to purification of environmental water and water culture, to vegetables, hymenocarps, fishes and shrimps, to soils, to water supply tanks, cooling towers and humidifiers, to water front plants, and to growth and/or protection of prawns as well as for other applications.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a process for preparing a coagulating/flocculating agent comprising the following steps: a) mixing an aldehyde, an ammonium salt, and a mineral acid catalyst in a reaction vat at a temperature below 45° C. in an aqueous medium; b) reacting said mixture by heating said mixture until a colorless liquid is obtained; c) reacting said obtained colorless liquid with an aqueous tannin solution by stirring and heating to obtain a viscous liquid; and d) optionally, atomizing said viscous liquid to obtain a uniformly grained powder.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for inhibiting the formation and deposition of silica scale in water systems. The method includes treating the water in such water systems with an effective amount of a polyamide that contains secondary amine and/or ether and amide functional groups.

Abstract: A composition for an anti-scale-forming agent includes oil-based polyalkylenes, amines phosphorous and oxygen in a polymer for providing dispersivity and anti-oxidation and having the following formula: By integrating both characteristics into a single polymer, the anti-scale-forming agent in accordance with the present invention can be used as an anti-scale-forming agent for a manufacturing process in a petroleum refinery plant or the like chemistry factory. R1, R2 and x are defined herein.

Abstract: An elixir for treating wastewater by transforming metals into metal sulfates and sulfides, breaking up chelated metals, and precluding the metal sulfates and sulfides from redissolving back into the wastewater. The elixir comprises: 1) ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 2) aluminum sulfate, 3) 75% sulfuric acid, 4) a blend of aluminum salts and a polymeric coagulant, and 5) water.

Abstract: An elixir for treating wastewater by transforming metal sulfates into metal hydroxides, breaking up chelated metals and transforming the freed metal ions into metal hydroxides, and precluding the metal hydroxides from dissolving back into solution. The elixir comprises: 1) calcium hydroxide, 2) METEX EPS, 3) sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate, 4) calcium hypochlorite, 5) sodium hydroxide, 6) a combination of calcium salts and a first polymeric coagulant, 7) a second polymeric coagulant, and 8) water.

Abstract: An elixir to aid in the coagulation and flocculation of metal precipitates in wastewater, and to aid in their settling out of the wastewater solution, comprising: 1) a first cationic polyelectrolyte, 2) a solution comprising a second cationic polyelectrolyte, an acrylamide, and a cationic monomer, 3) a polymer with a high molecular weight and a high charge density, and 4) water.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a novel grafted polymer which has good hydrophilicity and is excellent in the adsorbency and the dispersibility; and a scale inhibitor and a detergent additive, both of which involve the use of this grafted polymer.

Abstract: An elixir to aid in the coagulation and flocculation of metal precipitates in wastewater, and to aid in their settling out of the wastewater solution, comprising: 1) a first anionic polymer with a high molecular weight and a high charge density, 2) a second anionic polymer with a high molecular weight, 3) a liquid emulsion anionic flocculant with a high molecular weight and a high charge density, and 4) water.

Abstract: An apparatus and composition of matter for treating tap or distilled water prior to use in irrigation during surgical and medical operations.

Abstract: This invention relates to an all-organic corrosion inhibiting composition comprising (a) 6,6,6-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyltriimino) tris hexanoic acid; and (b) a water-soluble phosphonated oligomer salt. The invention also relates to a process for inhibiting corrosion in a closed recirculating cooling water system.

Abstract: The invention relates to the inhibition of tripolyphosphate and pyrophosphate scales in aqueous systems involving adding to said aqueous system at least one copolymer comprising the following monomers in polymerized form: (I) 50-80% by weight of one or more weak acids; (II) 2-50% by weight of one or more strong acids; (III) 0-30% by weight of one or more monoethylenically unsaturated C4-C8 dicarboxylic acids; and (IV) 0-30% by weight of one or more monomethylenically unsaturated monomers polymerizable with (I), (II) and (III); wherein the total of monomers (I), (II), (III), and (IV) equals 100% by weight of copolymer. The invention is particularly suited to the inhibition of tripolyphosphate and pyrophosphate scales which occur as a result of using low phosphate (STPP) containing detergent formulations.

Abstract: A method for reducing or preventing the formation of scale in a municipal or industrial waste water treatment facility comprising introducing an antiscalent composition which comprises: A) A water soluble polymer of molecular weight below 20,000 and containing anionic groups, and B) A sequesterant compound, selected from the group consisting of phosphonates, phosphates, metaphosphates and orthophosphates including derivatives and salts thereof. Preferred antiscalent compositions include a blend of A) a polymer of acrylic acid and/or maleic acid and B) diethylentriamine penta (methylenephosphonic acid) or salts thereof. The invention is of particular value for the treatment of struvite scale in sewage treatment works.

Abstract: A method and composition for controlling corrosion of metals, particularly ferrous-based metals in contact with aqueous systems is disclosed, which includes treating industrial waters with a combination of (a) a tetrazolium salt of the general formula: wherein R1, R2 and R3 may be various organic or inorganic substituents, including monomers or oligomers of the above structure, and (b) polyacrylic or polymaleic acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a novel water-soluble copolymer which is still more excellent in performance for uses, such as detergent builders, pigment dispersants, and scale inhibitors. In addition, the present invention provides: a novel liquid detergent builder which has extremely excellent compatibility, high transparency when a liquid detergent composition comprises it, and very excellent detergency; and a novel liquid detergent composition comprising the liquid detergent builder.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for dispersing corrosion products, specifically iron oxide, in steam generating boilers. Improved dispersion is achieved by adding a dispersant to a feedpoint of the steam generating boiler where the composition comprises: (a) a copolymer of sulfonated styrene and maleic anhydride or maleic acid; and (b) diethylenetriamine penta (methylene phosphonic acid).

Abstract: The invention provides a water-soluble, water-softening builder in the form of a tablet comprising 40-98% by weight of a combination of a) one or more organic, multifunctional polycarboxylic acid(s) or alkali metal salts thereof, and b) a polymer with water-softening properties in an a:b weight ratio of from 80:20 to 50:50, where the polymer with water-softening properties is a partially neutralized polyacrylic acid having a molecular weight of 1500-8000.

Abstract: A scale dissolver composition and method for using the composition is provided. Broadly, the dissolver compositions are formed by adding a base such as ammonium hydroxide to a mixture comprising a salt of a chelating agent, a carbonate, and a component selected from the group consisting of organophosphorus compounds, carboxylic acids, and mixtures thereof. The preferred organophosphorus compound is aminotristmethylidine diphosphonic acid while the preferred chelating agent salt is EDTA tetrasodium salt. In use, the dissolver composition is preferably heated to a temperature of from about 100-170° F. and then contacted with the target scale. The compositions are particularly useful for removing barium sulfate and calcium sulfate scales from gas and oil well and pipeline equipment in an efficient and cost-effective manner.

Abstract: Fluorescent monomers of the formula wherein M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, sodium, potassium, cesium, rubidium, lithium and ammonium, and n is selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 9; are provided which are useful in the production of pyranine-tagged polymers which can be detected using a fluorometer and can be used in industrial water systems as treatment polymers.

Abstract: A water soluble dialkylhydantoin and a source of bromide ion are added to a body of water needing sanitization. This is followed by contacting the body of water with an oxidizing agent, which creates biocidal species in situ in the body of water.

Abstract: Biofilm formation is inhibited in commercial and industrial water systems through the addition of at least one plant oil.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a water purificant effecting as optimum media for microorganisms in hydrosphere and pedosphere and increasing the diversity of microorganisms, fishes, plants and animals. The feature of this invention is comprised of 1 ppm−100% of bittern and acids or bases and/or salts.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved process for inhibiting calcium carbonate scaling in aqueous systems such as that employed in the kraft process for the production of wood pulp. Such an improved process is achieved by the addition to the system of at least one antiscalant comprising at least one monomer unit derived from the group consisting of 1,2-dihydroxy-3-butene, N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide, and N-(sulfomethyl) acrylamide, and at least one monomer unit derived from the group consisting of maleic acid, acrylic acid, acrylamide, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, N-tertbutylacrylamide, butoxymethylacrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, sodium acrylamidomethyl propane sulfonic acid, and salts thereof, with with the proviso that said polymers do not contain the monomer unit —(CH2—CH═CH—CH2—O)—.

Abstract: Solid, slowly dispersible well treatment composites are provided which have a sufficiently high melting point to prevent melting of the composite in hot weather. The composites have a low solubility and high specific gravity compared to prior art treatment agents; thus the composites readily sink in well and pipeline fluids and slowly release treatment ingredients over time, depending on the downhole and pipeline conditions. The composites include a nonylphenol ethoxylate having at least about 50 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of nonylphenol and a fatty acid amide having from 14-20 carbon atoms. Preferably, the composites further include a weighting agent and active ingredients selected from the group consisting of corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitors, bactericides, scale converters, foaming agents, and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the composites are spherical in shape and are passed through pipelines for maintenance and treatment of the pipelines.

Abstract: A rinse aid composition and method of using it in a machine dishwasher is described. The composition contains a polymer having about 50 wt. % to about 99% by weight of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer and about 1 wt. % to about 50 wt. % of at least one monomer including a copolymerizable sulfonated monomer, copolymerizable nonionic monomer or both. The composition prevents the formation of scale in the machine dishwasher.

Abstract: Solid, slowly dispersible well treatment composites are provided which have a sufficiently high melting point to prevent melting of the composite in hot weather. The composites have a low solubility and high specific gravity compared to prior art treatment agents; thus the composites readily sink in well and pipeline fluids and slowly release treatment ingredients over time, depending on the downhole and pipeline conditions. The composites include a compound selected from the group consisting of nonylphenol ethoxylates having at least about 50 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of nonylphenol, fatty acid amides having from 14-20 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the composites further include a weighting agent and active ingredients selected from the group consisting of corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitors, bactericides, scale converters, foaming agents, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of polyaspartic acids and their mixtures with surfactants and emulsifiers for inhibiting or delaying deposit formation by sparingly soluble organic and inorganic components in the feed of a process that uses a membrane.

Abstract: Water-circulating systems are treated with an aqueous, alkaline composition comprising I) an organo-phosphorus chelating agent, II) an acrylate homopolymer, III) a salt of an acrylic copolymer, a portion of the repeating units of which contain sulfonate groups, IV) a molybdate salt, and V) a salt of a fused-ring aromatic triazole. This composition (which is formulated in accordance with a specific order of addition of the ingredients) is effective against white rust (corrosion of galvanized metal parts). When the water-circulating system is also fouled with a biofilm, it is preferred to introduce a biofilm remover having biocidal, surfactant, and chelating properties into the system, but the biofilm remover is introduced separately from the above-described composition.

Abstract: Concentrated and low viscosity aqueous dispersions, e.g., opaque emulsions, well suited as flocculants for water treatment, comprise the water-soluble polymerizate of at least one water-soluble hydrophilic monomer A, optionally, at least one amphiphilic comonomer B and/or, also optionally, at least one hydrophobic comonomer C, in the presence of at least one polymeric dispersant incompatible therewith, for example an imidized and salified styrene/maleic anhydride copolymer or poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride).