Abstract: Scale control agents comprising organic phosphonates, either alone or in mixtures with inorganic phosphonates and also optionally polymers, such as low molecular weight polymeric dispersants. The scale control agents may be applied to inhibit scale formation or deposition in highly acidic aqueous systems by adding these agents to such systems in amounts effective to inhibit metal sulfate scale formation.

Abstract: Provided herein is a material for monitoring and/or treating the presence of contaminant organic compounds in water. The material is a matrix of fibers impregnated with one or more metal oxides.

Abstract: A forward osmosis apparatus includes a diluting means for bringing a feed solution and a draw solution containing a cation source and an anion source in an ionized state into contact through a semi-permeable membrane and diluting the draw solution with water separated from the feed solution by means of the semi-permeable membrane; a separating means for separating the diluted draw solution into the cation source and anion source and into water; and a dissolving means, returning the separated cation source and the separated anion source to, and dissolving the cation source and anion source in, the draw solution that has been diluted. The molecular weight of the cation source in an uncharged state is 31 or greater and the Henry's law constant of each of the anion source and cation source is 1.0×104 (Pa/mol·fraction) or greater in a standard state.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for the conditioning of septic waste water to prevent the formation of hydrogen sulphide and prevent subsequent precipitation of FeS, also provided is an agent for use in said method. The agent comprises an aqueous solution of iron salts and an anionic polymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coated particle containing a particle and a coating, wherein the particle contains glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid or a partial salt thereof of the formula HnYm-GLDA, wherein Y is a cation, selected from the group of sodium, potassium and mixtures thereof, n+m=4, and wherein the coating contains at least one salt that contains as a cation at least one of sodium, potassium or lithium and as anion at least one of silicate sulfate, carbonate, chloride, nitrate, percarbonate, glycolate, oxalate, citrate, stearate, lactate, succinate, malonate, maleate, diglycolate, and fumarate, to a process to prepare such a particle, and, to the use thereof.

Abstract: Presented herein are compositions including a linear tenso-active surfactant which, upon contact and mechanical stirring of a hydrocarbon body, induces emulsification, resulting in oxidation of fatty acid aliphatic bodies. The compositions solve the problem of hydrocarbon pollution. The hydrocarbon decomposer and its by-products dissolve hydrocarbons present in polluted bodies such as clays, soils, water and sand. Methods of the invention create a residue that is a fertilizer, at room temperature and with no need for high pressure.

Abstract: Method and systems are provided for the removal of metal contaminants from aqueous mediums using a chamber containing activated sorptive media and a primary ligand and optionally, a secondary ligand that has been loaded onto the activated sorptive media using hydraulic loading. In at least one embodiment, the methods and systems include a pre-treatment of the sorptive media, a specific volume of the activated sorptive media within the chamber, specific pH ranges of aqueous mediums, and hydraulic loading of the primary ligand and optionally, a secondary ligand, known as dynamic fluidized loading. In at least one embodiment, pore pressures of the seeding solution within the media are at least sufficient to overcome the gravitational forces acting on the media within the column. The methods and systems provide for a highly uniform and predictable loading of the primary ligand and optionally, the secondary ligand, onto the activated sorptive media throughout the sorptive media within the chamber.

Abstract: A zero-valent metal polymeric complex supporter (ZVM-PCS) is disclosed. The PCS possesses porous surface and internal coralloid-like channel structure that can accommodate high amount of iron-containing materials and derivatives thereof. The surface pore size, porosity, hydrophilicitv, and internal coralloid-like channel structure of PCS can be tailored through the manufacturing process, with which PCS can be functioned as a regulator for the releasing of produced hydrogen, and also control the adsorption and reactions toward heavy metals and chlorinated volatile organic compounds in water. The hydrogen released from the ZVM-PCS can be applied to anaerobic bioremediation. Moreover, the ZVM-PCS can be filter materials that can be installed in a column or any storage for water and wastewater treatment, or even in a groundwater cut-off barrier for the cleanup of contamination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compacted solid product for water purification comprising:—at least a first layer comprising at least a coagulant/flocculant system comprising at least one polyvalent inorganic salt, at least one water-soluble cationic polymer and at least one high-molecular-weight anionic polymer,—at least a second layer comprising at least one disinfectant that releases active chlorine on contact with water, characterized in that said coagulant/flocculant system moreover comprises a sodium alginate. The invention also relates to the method for preparing such a product.

Abstract: A method for treating aqueous solutions, wherein a filtrate material is manufactured to have a polymer with ion exchange properties adhered to the surface or impregnated within a porous, granular particle such that the resultant structure does not result in any agglomeration or binding of the granular particles, thereby retaining the maximum surface area of the particle for reacting with metal impurities in solution. A filtrate material comprised of a porous granulated particle and an ion exchange polymer. A method of treating aqueous solutions by passing an aqueous solution through the filtrate material to remove metal impurities in the solution. A method of regenerating the filtrate material that is saturated with metal impurities.

Abstract: The invention relates to aminocarboxylates in solid form which have a relatively high storage stability and improved processability, and to the use thereof in household products, in particular detergents, cleaners and care compositions, and in industrial processes.

Abstract: Fenton and Fenton-like system enhancing agent and the usage thereof are provided. It relates to a water treatment enhancer (enhancing agent) and the usage thereof. It widens water pH range of Fenton and Fenton-like system reaction. It reduces amount of Fe2+ required for Fenton reaction. It increases rate of Fenton-like reaction. The enhancing agent is selected from sodium sulfite, lithium sulfite, potassium sulfite, magnesium sulfite, calcium sulfite, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, hydroxylamine perchlorate, hydroxylamine sulfate, hydrazine, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, amino ethanolamine, hydroxylamine solution or N,N,N?,N?-tetrasubstituted p-phenylenediamine. The method of use of enhancing agent comprises the steps of: adding Fenton or Fenton-like system enhancing agent, an agent for enhancement and hydrogen peroxide into water subject to treatment; and mixing and allowing reaction. The enhancing agent can increase the rate of reaction for the water treatment and reduce the dosage of the agent for enhancement.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and methods for removing a variety of pollutants from wastewater. Such compositions are obtained by immobilizing barium-based hybrid materials, such as BaSO4:APRB. Such compositions are easy to separate from the treated wastewater. After separation, the compositions, which include the pollutants, may be conveniently further separated from the pollutants and thus recovered for use again.

Abstract: Novel water softening compositions and methods of treating hard water are provided. The compositions comprise a blend of sodium chloride and potassium chloride. The compositions are useful for regenerating ion exchange material in a water softening system and providing softened water containing both sodium and potassium ions.

Abstract: The present technology relates to compositions comprising a copolymer comprising a poly(C2-4 alkylene oxide) and a cationic polyacrylamide, and a plurality of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide, zinc oxide or a mixture thereof. The compositions may serve as flocculating agents to remove neutral and negatively charged nanoparticle pollutants from gasses, including air, and liquids such as water.

Abstract: There is provided a porous formed article which can remove hazardous substances at a high speed, has a high adsorption capacity and has high durability to cleaning chemicals and further which is scarcely broken even if being repeatedly used, and which contains an organic polymeric resin and an inorganic ion-adsorbing material, wherein the organic polymeric resin is a polyether sulfone resin and/or a polysulfone resin, and is an organic polymeric resin having a hydroxyl group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an agent for the preventive and/or curative cleaning of materials in contact with water, characterized in that it includes sodium chloride and at least one dispersant detergent and/or a non-ionic surfactant having at least one detergent action and at least one oxidizing agent, characterized in that the oxidizing agent is selected from solid-form precursors of hydrogen peroxide and in that the cleaning agent is in solid form, such as pellets, granules, bars tablets, large pellets or powder, the salt(s) being used as binders between the various components. Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method for agglomerating the various ingredients according to the present invention, even when they are present in a liquid form. The present invention also relates to the use of the cleaning agent for the preventive and/or curative cleaning of materials in contact with water.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved method for inhibiting the formation and deposition of silica and silicate compounds in a water system. In particular, the method includes adding to the water system a relatively low molecular weight organic, anionic polymer. The polymer preferrably has an acrylic acid or methacrylic acid functionality and is preferrably selected from one or more of homopolymers of acrylic acid, a methacrylic acid/polyethylene glycol allyl ether copolymer, a homopolymer of methacrylic acid, an acrylic acid/polyethylene glycol allyl ether copolymer, and an acrylic acid/1-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropane sulfonic acid copolymer, homopolymers of maleic anhydride, copolymers of maleic anhydride and polyethylene glycol allyl ether, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A charged particle polymer hybrid (CPPH) flocculant is taught, comprising sub-micron size charged particles and a polymer which has been polymerized in the presence of the charged particles wherein the intrinsic viscosity of the hybrid polymer flocculant is less than 930 ml/g. A method is provided for producing freely draining flocculated sediment from a suspension comprising finely divided solids in water. The method comprises dispersing, at increasing concentrations, a charged particle polymer hybrid (CPPH) flocculant into the suspension to determine a starting plateau concentration of CPPH flocculant above which concentration no further increase in the solids loading of the produced floccules is observed. Then, the concentration of dispersed CPPH flocculant in the suspension is maintained at or above the starting plateau concentration. A method is further provided for separating fine solids and water from a suspension comprising finely divided solids in water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions containing concentrated biologically-active ingredients for treating wastewater in systems such as septic tanks, cesspools, and sewage systems.

Abstract: The present invention is directed, in part, to a composition of about 60 parts by weight calcium oxide and about 40 parts by weight magnesium oxide that is administered as a buffering agent to a pool or spa in a ratio of approximately 1 cup of composition to 500 gallons of pool or spa water. The composition is produced in either a granular powder form or into a tablet form, the tablet form being capable of being fitted into a manufactured device that occupies a position upstream of the pool or spa water filter and in doing so, stabilizes and buffers the pH of the water entering the filter to about a range of between 7.2 and 7.8. The invention is also directed to enhancing the effectiveness of chlorine in sanitizing pool or spa water by removing the negative effects of phosphate compounds in the pool or spa water.

Abstract: A cleaning and purifying composition including at least one solvent, an alkaline agent, a deflocculant, at least one surfactant selected from the group comprising an alcohol ethoxylate surfactant, an alkylamino-polyethoxy-sulfate surfactant, a polyether-phosphate ester surfactant, a surfactant that is a phosphate ester of an ethoxylated alcohol, and a surfactant that is a polyethyleneglycol monoaklyl ether, and a bonding agent.

Abstract: A water treatment agent for removing pollutant by reinforcing potassium permanganate with intermediate manganese consists of a potassium permanganate and a chelating agent, or, alternatively, consists of a potassium permanganate, a chelating agent and an inducer. The chelating agent is capable of forming a coordination complex with the intermediate manganese which is produced during the reaction of potassium permanganate and organic substance. Thus self decomposition of intermediate manganese is reduced so that the effective utilization rate is increased and the capability for potassium permanganate to degrade organic pollutants is enhanced. The inducer accelerates the production of the intermediate manganese and increases the utilization rate so that the capability of potassium permanganate for degrading the organic pollutants is further enhanced.

Abstract: A static ion-exchange process for the preparation of a polynuclear Al species comprising the treatment of an aqueous aluminum chloride solution with a hydroxide-form ion-exchange resin at a temperature of from 5° C. to 60° C. for a period of at least 30 minutes.

Abstract: An efficient cyclic process and related compositions for the in-situ generation of chlorine dioxide from dilute solutions of chlorite anions at near neutral pH. The cyclic process provides a means of safe and effective use of chlorine dioxide with reduced concern of chlorite accumulation in the aqueous system. The disclosed chemistry used to support the cyclic process can be applied independently or in various combinations that are effectively inert. This dramatically reduces safety concerns since the chlorine dioxide is produced in-situ to the application and in dilute concentrations. Also, the process allows for regeneration of inert anions such as bromide and chlorite thereby reducing operating cost.

Abstract: Methods and compositions utilizing aluminum, magnesium, and calcium-based additives for the treatment and neutralization of wastewater are described for removing contaminants from wastewater, including reducing phosphorous-containing compounds, total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), fats, oils, and greases (FOG), and total Kjedahl nitrogen (TKN) are described. Methods and compositions to control pH, sulfur and sodium loads present in wastewater and precipitatable solids are described. Concentrations of aluminum, magnesium, and calcium-based additives are maintained at mass action concentrations to the wastewater component levels present in the wastewater and bracketed approximately +/?0.5 pH units about the pK value of the soluble, buffering species.

Abstract: An efficient cyclic process and related compositions for the in-situ generation of chlorine dioxide from dilute solutions of chlorite anions at near neutral pH. The cyclic process provides a means of safe and effective use of chlorine dioxide with reduced concern of chlorite accumulation in the aqueous system. The disclosed chemistry used to support the cyclic process can be applied independently or in various combinations that are effectively inert. This dramatically reduces safety concerns since the chlorine dioxide is produced in-situ to the application and in dilute concentrations. Also, the process allows for regeneration of inert anions such as bromide and chlorite thereby reducing operating cost.

Abstract: An efficient cyclic process and related compositions for the in-situ generation of oxyhalogens from anions of chloride, bromide and chlorite in an aqueous system using in-situ generated sulfate free radicals. The cyclic process and compositions enhance the rate of inactivation of microbiological organisms especially those resistant to inactivation from free halogen based sanitizers, and oxidation of oxidation resistant organic based compounds in aqueous solution. Aquatic facilities susceptible to accumulation of organic N-chloramines and other oxidation resistant compounds, as well as oxidation resistant parasitic organisms such as cryptosporidium and Giardia, obtain dramatic improvements in the rate of oxidation and subsequent inactivation of these undesirable contaminants.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for enhanced sanitation and oxidation of aqueous solutions at aquatic facilities. The method provides a means for the in-situ generation of chlorine dioxide from dilute solutions of chlorite anions at near neutral pH, and enhanced inactivation rates of microbiological organisms including cryptosporidium.

Abstract: A process and method for liquid-solid separation in raw water by chemical treatment, comprising adding into the water, separately or together, an effective amount of at least one aluminum polymer with an effective amount of an ammonium polymer, including at least one medium, high, or very high molecular weight ammonium polymer, to clarify said raw water to a settled turbidity standard, and including methods for blending and storing solution polymers.

Abstract: Novel hydrated-lime slurry compositions are disclosed, which include a heat-stable polymeric dispersant. The polymeric dispersant is capable to withstand temperatures in excess of 212° F. experienced by the slurry as a result of the hydrolysis of quicklime to produce hydrated lime, and accordingly can be added to the slurry composition prior to the addition of quicklime. Methods for making such slurry compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and compositions utilizing aluminum, magnesium, and calcium-based additives for the treatment and neutralization of wastewater are described for removing contaminants from wastewater, including reducing phosphorous-containing compounds, total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), fats, oils, and greases (FOG), and total Kjedahl nitrogen (TKN) are described. Methods and compositions to control pH, sulfur and sodium loads present in wastewater and precipitatable solids are described. Concentrations of aluminum, magnesium, and calcium-based additives are maintained at mass action concentrations to the wastewater component levels present in the wastewater and bracketed approximately +/?0.5 pH units about the pK value of the soluble, buffering species.

Abstract: A mineral slurry comprises mineral particles in an amount equal to or greater than about 60 percent by total weight of the slurry, wherein 85 percent of the mineral particles have an average particle size equal to or less than 2 micrometers; a polyelectrolyte dispersant derived from an acrylate polymer formed by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, wherein the polyelectrolyte dispersant comprises endgroups comprising thio-containing residues derived from a trithiocarbonate chain transfer agent, wherein the polyelectrolyte dispersant is in an amount less than about 35 pounds of the dispersant per ton of dry mineral particles, and wherein the polyelectrolyte dispersant has a molecular weight of 3000 to 10,000 Daltons and a polydispersity of at least 1.0 and less than 1.5; and the remainder water.

Abstract: Fluid treatment systems and compositions are provided including (a) at least one material including (1) at least one carboxylic acid functional group and (2) at least one sulfur-containing group selected from the group consisting of sulfonyl functional groups, sulfonate functional groups and mixtures thereof; and (b) at least one scale control agent. The fluid treatment systems and compositions can be used to treat aqueous systems, for example as fracturing fluids for treating aqueous compositions found in subterranean formations. Methods for inhibiting formation and/or precipitation of calcium salts in an aqueous composition using the fluid treatment systems or compositions also are provided.

Abstract: Provided is a copolymer aqueous solution which exerts a high calcium carbonate-deposition suppressing ability even under high hardness condition, has excellent storage stability, and suppresses coloring of a detergent to yellow even when used as a detergent raw material.

Abstract: The invention consists of the use, as scale-prevention and sticking-prevention agents, of homopolymers derived from a maleic acid polymerization, in the presence of a catalytic system using oxygenated water and sodium hypophosphite, in which the molar ratio of sodium hypophosphite/maleic acid is between 0.2 and 1, and preferentially between 0.35 and 0.6.

Abstract: The present invention provides a formulation for use in the treatment of corrosion and metal sulphide scale deposits in aqueous systems, said formulation comprising a tetrakis (hydroxyorgano) phosphonium salt (THP+ salt) and a primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol having an acetylenic bond in the carbon backbone. The invention also provides the use of such a formulation for treating corrosion of mild steel, copper or aluminium, and a method for treatment of an aqueous system containing or in contact with a metal sulphide scale while concomitantly inhibiting the corrosion of surfaces in contact with said aqueous system, which method comprises the addition to said aqueous system of a scale and corrosion inhibiting amount of such a formulation.

Abstract: Provided is an agglomeration for neutralizing acid mine drainage which includes a neutralizer and binder component consisting of steel slag in an amount of 75% to 95% by weight of the agglomeration, a sodium carbonate selected from the group consisting of soda ash and pulp liquor in an amount of 0.5% to 25% of the agglomeration, and, optionally, a lime component selected from the group consisting of limestone sand and slag. Further included is a dissolution control and filtration component consisting of an organic material in an amount of 0.24% to 15% by weight of the agglomeration selected from the group consisting of recycled newsprint, sphagnum peat moss, and sawdust. Next is a dispersant and neutralizer component consisting of a surfactant in an amount of 0.01% to 0.075% by weight of the agglomeration. The agglomeration may further comprise an oxidation component such as calcium peroxide, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A composition of ingredients and application process that enables the removal of contaminants from water or wastewaters, the composition when added and mixed with water(s) sequences to coagulate, flocculates and ion exchange with the composite materials. The application process is the addition of the composite material to water or wastewater where the contaminated materials are removed from the water(s) and contained in a solid material for disposal. The application is for clarification of potable waters for solids, clarification and settling aid for municipal wastewater waters, and contaminant and solids removal from industrial wastewaters.

Abstract: The present invention provides a salt of ethylenediamine disuccinic acid comprising at least 1.6 mole of alkaline earth metal per mole of ethylenediamine disuccinic acid. Salts of the invention have been found to be useful in providing compositions comprising hydrogen peroxide having improved stability.

Abstract: Novel binders and a compacted salt containing those binders are provided. The binders comprise an aqueous solution or dispersion of sorbitol and an alkali metal phosphate. The binder is contacted with salt crystals heated to elevated temperatures. After binder contact, the coated salt crystals are passed through a compactor where elevated temperatures and pressures cause the salt to melt and then recrystallize as a sheet that can be broken into pieces. The final salt product has the binding agent substantially uniformly dispersed therethrough, resulting in a salt that has high strength and is resistant to mushing. The inventive products are particularly useful as a water softening salt.

Abstract: Novel water softening compositions and methods of treating hard water are provided. The compositions comprise a blend of sodium chloride and potassium chloride. The compositions are useful for regenerating ion exchange material in a water softening system and providing softened water containing both sodium and potassium ions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of a combination of a polymeric chelant and coagulant to treat metal containing wastewater. More particularly, the invention is directed at removing copper from CMP wastewater. The composition includes a combination of (a) a polymeric chelant derived from a polyamine selected from the group consisting of diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetraamine (TETA), tertraethylenepentaamine (TEPA), poly[vinylamine], and branched or linear poly[ethylenimine] (PEI); and (b) a water soluble or dispersible copolymer of a tannin and a cationic monomer selected from the group consisting of methyl chloride or dimethyl sulfate quaternary salt of dimethyl aminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide, and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.

Abstract: Novel hydrated-lime slurry compositions are disclosed, which include a heat-stable polymeric dispersant. The polymeric dispersant is capable to withstand temperatures in excess of 212° F. experienced by the slurry as a result of the hydrolysis of quicklime to produce hydrated lime, and accordingly can be added to the slurry composition prior to the addition of quicklime. Methods for making such slurry compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A swellable sol-gel composition includes a plurality of interconnected organosilica nanoparticles. When dried, the swellable sol-gel composition is capable of swelling to at least twice its dried volume when placed in contact with a non-polar or organic sorbate.

Abstract: A stabilized aqueous mixture containing at least one borohydride compound and at least one metal hydroxide compound. The mixture has improved stability with regard to decomposition of borohydride, especially at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A method and composition are provided for the operation of an evaporative cooling tower with minimal, or no, blowdown. In some embodiments, the method involves using sodium cation-exchanged softened water as makeup water for the cooling tower, providing a bypass filter for suspended solids removal from the cooling water, treating the cooling water with a composition for control of corrosion and deposition, and using an effective biocide for control of biological growth within the cooling tower system. In some embodiments, a composition is provided that comprises AMPS acrylic terpolymer, sodium silicate, phosphate ions, and polyphosphate ions. When dosed at the recommended levels, the composition controls corrosion of cooling system materials to generally acceptable levels in spite of the extremely corrosive environment resulting from the cycling of sodium cation-exchanged softened water in the cooling tower.

Abstract: A method and composition are provided for the operation of an evaporative cooling tower with minimal, or no, blowdown. In some embodiments, the method involves using sodium cation-exchanged softened water as makeup water for the cooling tower, providing a bypass filter for suspended solids removal from the cooling water, treating the cooling water with a composition for control of corrosion and deposition, and using an effective biocide for control of biological growth within the cooling tower system. In some embodiments, a composition is provided that comprises AMPS acrylic terpolymer, sodium silicate, phosphate ions, and polyphosphate ions. When dosed at the recommended levels, the composition controls corrosion of cooling system materials to generally acceptable levels in spite of the extremely corrosive environment resulting from the cycling of sodium cation-exchanged softened water in the cooling tower.

Abstract: Novel binders and a compacted salt containing those binders are provided. The binders comprise an aqueous solution or dispersion of sorbitol and an alkali metal phosphate. The binder is contacted with salt crystals heated to elevated temperatures. After binder contact, the coated salt crystals are passed through a compactor where elevated temperatures and pressures cause the salt to melt and then recrystallize as a sheet that can be broken into pieces. The final salt product has the binding agent substantially uniformly dispersed therethrough, resulting in a salt that has high strength and is resistant to mushing. The inventive products are particularly useful as a water softening salt.

Abstract: Compositions and method for improving properties of pulp produced or reducing the digester cycle time in alkaline chemical pulping processes in which an effective amount of at least one selected phosphonate or carboxylate compound or mixtures thereof is admixed with the alkaline aqueous mixture in the digester of the chemical pulping process. The compositions and method are especially well suited for use in the Kraft pulping process.