Abstract: Metal-organic frameworks of the family M2 (2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) wherein M=Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni or Zn are a group of porous crystalline materials formed of metal cations or clusters joined by multitopic organic linkers that can be used to isolate individual gases from a stream of combined gases. This group of adsorbant materials incorporates a high density of coordinatively-unsaturated MII centers lining the pore surfaces. These adsorbents are particularly suited for selective carbon dioxide/monoxide adsorption via pressure swing adsorption near temperatures of 313 K since they selectively adsorb carbon dioxide at high pressures in the presence of hydrogen, and desorb carbon dioxide upon a pressure decrease. The redox-active FeII centers in Fe2(dobdc) can be used for the separation of O2 from N2 and other separations based on selective, reversible electron transfer reactions.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide efficient, simple and inexpensive processes for the production of carbonyl difluoride, which is an attractive and important compound as a semiconductor etching gas or a semiconductor cleaning gas. A process for producing carbonyl difluoride of the invention includes a step of reacting phosgene and hydrogen fluoride in a gas phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst to produce carbonyl difluoride and hydrogen chloride, and a step of mixing a mixture containing the carbonyl difluoride and the hydrogen chloride with an organic solvent that is azeotropic with hydrogen chloride but zeotropic with carbonyl difluoride, and distilling the resultant mixture to separate the carbonyl difluoride.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for identifying the compounds contributing to a pungent odor from an air conditioner, a method for artificially reproducing the pungent odor, and preparing a corresponding pungent odor composition. Through the analysis method of the present invention, the compounds contributing to the pungent odor from an air conditioner may be identified and quantified. The pungent odor may be reproduced from a combination of the compounds identified by the analysis method of the present invention. The reproduced pungent odor may provide significant data required for development of an apparatus and a method for removing specific odors.

Abstract: In order to achieve the object of providing a mixture by means of which, in particular, sintered moldings can be obtained that are virtually free of surface stains produced by soot particles, a mixture is proposed which comprises at least one pressing aid and at least one additive, wherein the additive is selected from a group of substances which have releasable carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A composition for a biosample treatment and method for nucleic acid amplification using the same are provided. The composition for biosample treatment includes at least one halocarbon, at least one polyether and at least one surfactant. The composition contains 1˜70% by weight of the halocarbon based on the total weight of the composition. Accordingly, a biosample can be lysed and homogenized in a single tube at one step. Furthermore, reagents for use in nucleic acid amplification can be directly added in the same tube for nucleic acid amplification at the next step. The process, operation periods and risks of contamination can be therefore reduced and a result of nucleic acid amplification with less background noises can be therefore obtained as well.

Abstract: The use of stillage in a saccharification/fermentation process of lignocellulosic biomasses, regardless of the form of the biomasses and regardless of the use of the obtained final hydrolyzed broth. The beneficial effect conferred by the stillage to the saccharification process of lignocellulosic biomasses presents among other characteristics the ability to buffer the reaction medium, especially when such process takes place in an enzymatic route, but not limited to it, regardless of the type of biomass being used and the type of pretreatment to which the biomass is subjected. Fermentation processes, such as the ethanol production, using stillage as source of nutrients such as, for example, nitrogen, for growing microorganisms, but not limited to it.

Abstract: Glycine is an organic compound that can be used in the making of a synthetic acid that obviates all the drawbacks of strong acids such as hydrochloric acid. The new compound is made by dissolving glycine in water, in a weight ratio of approximately 1:1 to 1:1.5. The solution is mixed until the glycine is essentially fully dissolved in the water. Once dissolution is complete, hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in the solution to produce the new compound, which can be referred to as hydrogen glycine.

Abstract: Provided are methods for generating a microorganism with improved ability to convert glycerol to succinic acid. These methods comprise combining a microorganism with ability to convert glycerol to succinic acid and a medium containing glycerol to produce a fermentation mixture; allowing fermentation to occur such that succinic acid is produced; and assaying for an indication of glycerol metabolism. These latter two steps may be repeated as necessary. Also provided are microorganisms generated in this manner, particularly bacteria deposited at the NCIMB on 13th April 2011 with the Accession Number NCIMB 41825. A method of producing succinic acid from glycerol is also provided, this method comprising: mixing a microorganism according to claim of the invention with a medium comprising glycerol to produce a fermentation mixture; and incubating the fermentation mixture, under conditions that promote fermentation to produce succinic acid, until succinic acid is produced.

Abstract: Azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions are disclosed. The azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions are mixtures of Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane. Also disclosed is a process of preparing a thermoplastic or thermoset foam by using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions as blowing agents. Also disclosed is a process of producing refrigeration by using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions. Also disclosed is a process of using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions as solvents. Also disclosed is a process of producing an aerosol product by using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions. Also disclosed is a process of using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions as heat transfer media. Also disclosed is a process of extinguishing or suppressing a fire by using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions. Also disclosed is a process of using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions as dielectrics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for compatibilizing, i.e. improving miscibility of, otherwise immiscible organic materials highly useful in the fibers industry, as well as the compatibilized product of the method. These compatibilized products are stable in the liquid phase at temperatures ranging from about 40° C. to about 200° C. The method involves use of a glycol derived from polymerization of alkylene oxide and tetrahydrofuran, the alkylene oxide having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, i.e. poly(tetramethylene-co-alkyleneether) glycol, in the mixture.

Abstract: There is disclosed an electrochemical deblocking solution for use on an electrode microarray. There is further disclosed a method for electrochemical synthesis on an electrode array using the electrochemical deblocking solution. The solution and method are for removing acid-labile protecting groups for synthesis of oligonucleotides, peptides, small molecules, or polymers on a microarray of electrodes while substantially improving isolation of deblocking to active electrodes. The method comprises applying a voltage or a current to at least one electrode of an array of electrodes. The array of electrodes is covered by the electrochemical deblocking solution.

Abstract: A technique for forming graphene which solves problems involved in formation of graphene by a thermal CVD method and a resin carbonization method that a high temperature is used and the treatment time is long and can form graphene at a lower temperature in a shorter time is provided. The above problems are solved by performing hydrogen plasma treatment on a copper foil substrate having an organic substance applied thereon by use of a surface wave microwave plasma treatment device and forming graphene on the copper foil substrate by the hydrogen plasma treatment.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of imides and also the uses thereof, especially as intermediates for the preparation of solvents, in particular of diester solvents, is described. Further described is a process for preparing cyclic imides and derivatives thereof, especially the corresponding carboxylic acids.

Abstract: A lipid-based composition including pyrolysis oil derived from biomass, a non-ionic surfactant, and a lipid feedstock is described. The lipid-based composition forms a single-phase, stable mixture. A method of making the lipid-based composition is also described. The lipid-based composition can be used in processes designed for pure lipid feedstocks without the need for any upgrading of the pyrolysis oil and little if any process modification.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for purifying products from a fluid. In some embodiments, provided purification methods use a combination of purification modes (e.g., protein A and ion exchange) operated in tandem, wherein at least one of the modes utilizes weak partitioning. In some embodiments, provided purification methods operate under robust conditions in which a degree of binding between a product and resin is maintained despite variations in operating parameters.

Abstract: Continuous process for producing a chlorohydrin, wherein a polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an ester of a polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbon or a mixture thereof is reacted with a chlorinating agent and an organic acid in a liquid reaction medium whose steady-state composition comprises the polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbon and esters of the polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbon whose sum content, expressed as moles of polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbon, is greater than 1.1 mol % and less than or equal to 30 mol %, the percentage being based on the organic part of the liquid reaction medium.

Abstract: Thermoplastic heteropolysaccharide derivatives, articles employing such thermoplastic heteropolysaccharide derivatives and methods for making such thermoplastic heteropolysaccharide derivatives are provided.

Abstract: To achieve the removal of a broad spectrum of chemical hazards, multiple layers of impregnated activated carbon and nanocrystalline materials are incorporated into the adsorbent bed. For optimum performance using the least amount of material, a two-layer configuration is used. The top layer consists of a homogeneous mixture of an MgO/CaO based nanocrystalline material (e.g., Mg/Ca) and Kureha or other petroleum pitch-based bead shaped activated carbon impregnated treated with phosphoric acid. The bottom layer is comprised of a single layer of Calgon URC carbon. The volume ratios of the components are 9:5:11 Mg/Ca, phosphoric acid treated Kureha carbon, and URC, respectively. The new configuration leads to a 30% reduction in size of the existing NIOSH CBRN CAP 1 cartridge. Other embodiments are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: There is provided a composition comprising (a) one or more cyclopropene complex, and (b) 0-10% water by weight based on the weight of said composition, wherein the mole ratio of cyclopropene in said composition to molecular encapsulating agent in said composition is 0.92:1 or higher, or wherein the composition is in the form of a powder and, in a two-dimensional image of a representative sample of said powder, 20% or more of the area of the images of the particles of said cyclopropene complex, based on the area of all the images of all the particles of said cyclopropene complex in said image of said sample, is in the form of particles of said cyclopropene complex that have width dimension of 10 micrometers or larger. Also provided is a process for making a composition comprising cyclopropene complex.

Abstract: A method and system for efficiently producing a fermentative product alcohol such as butanol utilizing in situ product extraction are provided. The efficiency is obtained through separating undissolved solids after liquefying a given feedstock to create a feedstock and prior to fermentation, for example, through centrifugation. Removal of the undissolved solids avoids problems associated with having the undissolved solids present during in situ production extraction, and thereby increases the efficiency of the alcohol production.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to achieve a method capable of increasing transfection efficiency of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and reducing toxicity thereof, to provide a PEI with high transfection efficiency, and to provide a method of introducing nucleic acids into cells comprising using the PEI. There are provided a method of introducing nucleic acids into cells comprising mixing acidified PEI with nucleic acids under acidic conditions and applying the resulting mixture to cells, a reagent for introducing nucleic acids into cells comprising an acidified PEI solution, and a reagent kit including the solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to carbon nanocomposite sorbents. The present invention provides carbon nanocomposite sorbents, methods for making the same, and methods for separation of a pollutant from a gas that includes that pollutant. Various embodiments provide a method for reducing the mercury content of a mercury-containing gas.

Abstract: In a process for producing phenol and cyclohexanone, a feed comprising cyclohexylbenzene is oxidized to produce an oxidation reaction product comprising cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-1-hydroperoxide. At least a portion of the oxidation reaction product is then cleaved to produce a cleavage reaction product comprising phenol, cyclohexanone, and at least one contaminant. At least a portion of the cleavage reaction product is contacted with an acidic material to convert at least a portion of the at least one contaminant to a converted contaminant and thereby produce a modified reaction product. The oxidation reaction product may have at least 50 wt % of cyclohexylbenzene, no greater than 80 wt % of cyclo-hexyl-1-phenyl-1-hydroperoxide, and 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of another hydroperoxide.

Abstract: A system and method of manufacturing a feedstock for producing paper fiber from fruit of a plant may include providing a by-product source inclusive of fiber from the edible fruit after a process for removing a majority of the edible fruit is used to produce a food. One or more treatment processes to brighten the fruit by-product may be performed. The feedstock may be produced from the brightened fruit by-product.

Abstract: The present application relates to methods for purifying recombinant proteins, including antibodies and antibody fragments. Suitably, the methods utilize depth filtration to clarify the desired proteins from a solubilized mixture, and provide refolding methods and refolding buffers to allow for refolding of the recombinant proteins into functional and active proteins. Exemplary antibody fragments include anti-CD22 antibody fragments that comprise VH and VL chains refolded into a functional and active fragment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to solutions including at least one boron complex obtained through the reaction between at least one boron salt, consisting of a borate anion selected from within the group consisting of metaborate anions, tetraborate anions, pentaborate anions, octaborate anions, decaborate anions, and the mixtures thereof, and a cation selected from within the group including sodium cations, potassium cations, ammonium cations, and the mixtures thereof, and at least one polyol and at least one amino compound. The basic boron concentration is greater than 2 wt % of the total weight of the solution. The invention also relates to a method for preparing said solutions and to the uses of said solutions, particularly in the field of agriculture.

Abstract: Bringing membrane proteins into aqueous solution generally requires the use of detergents or other amphiphilic agents. The invention provides a new class of amphiphiles, each of which includes a multi-fused ring system as a lipophilic group. These new amphiphiles confer enhanced stability to a range of membrane proteins in solution relative to conventional detergents, leading to improved structural and functional stability of membrane proteins, including integral membrane proteins. Accordingly, the invention provides new amphiphiles for biochemical manipulations and characterization of membrane proteins. These amphiphiles display favorable behavior with membrane proteins and can be used to aid the solubilization, isolation, purification, stabilization, crystallization, and/or structural determination of membrane proteins.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon-soluble molybdenum catalyst precursors include a plurality of molybdenum cations and a plurality of carboxylate anions having at least 8 carbon atoms. The carboxylate anions are alicyclic, aromatic, or branched, unsaturated and aliphatic, and can derived from carboxylic acids selected from 3-cyclopentylpropionic acid, cyclohexanebutyric acid, biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid, 4-heptylbenzoic acid, 5-phenylvaleric acid, geranic acid, 10-undecenoic acid, dodecanoic acid, and combinations thereof. The molybdenum salts have decomposition temperatures higher than 210° C. The catalyst precursors can form a hydroprocessing molybdenum sulfide catalyst in heavy oil feedstocks. Also disclosed are methods for making catalyst precursors and hydrocracking heavy oil using active catalysts.

Abstract: Disclosed are azeotropic and azeotrope-like mixtures of (Z)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd(Z)) and hydrogen fluoride. Such compositions are useful as an intermediate in the production of 1233zd(Z). The latter compound is useful as a nontoxic, zero ozone depleting fluorocarbon useful as a solvent, blowing agent, refrigerant, cleaning agent, aerosol propellant, heat transfer medium, dielectric, fire extinguishing composition and power cycle working fluid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for the recovery of ethanol from a crude ethanol product obtained from the hydrogenation of a mixed oxygenate stream comprising ethyl acetate and acetaldehyde. The crude ethanol product is separated in at least one distillation column to product ethanol. The mixed oxygenate stream may be obtained from syngas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of regulating the viscosity of a mixture (125; 210) comprising at least two components having different viscosities, which comprises the steps: (a) determination of the viscosity (132; 222) of the mixture (125; 210) by means of ultrasound measurements, (b) standardization of the viscosity determined (132; 222) to standard conditions, (c) comparison of the standardized viscosity (14) with a prescribed intended value (134; 224), (d) adjustment of the viscosity of the mixture (125; 210) by increasing or decreasing the proportion of at least one component of the mixture, where the ultrasound measurements in step (a) are carried out at or in a line conveying the mixture or in a vessel.

Abstract: A method for producing a molded product of a protein-containing fraction from raw sugar beet juice includes: pre-liming the raw sugar beet juice in order to form a coagulum of non-sucrose substances forming in the obtained pre-liming juice, separating the coagulum from the pre-liming juice using at least one first separation device in order to obtain a protein-containing fraction, blending the protein-containing fraction with at least one carrier, and molding the obtained mixture comprising the protein-containing fraction and the carrier in a molding device to obtain a molded product of a protein-containing fraction.

Abstract: A pearly luster composition containing a fatty acid glycol ester and water, and further containing any one selected from the group consisting of (1) a polyoxyalkylene nonionic surfactant and a fatty acid contained in an amount of from 0.3 to 3% by weight of the pearly luster composition, (2) a polyoxyalkylene nonionic surfactant and an aliphatic alcohol contained in an amount of from 0.3 to 3% by weight of the pearly luster composition, (3) a fatty acid monoglyceride contained in an amount of from 0.3 to 3% by weight of the pearly luster composition, and (4) an aliphatic ether contained in an amount of from 0.3 to 3% by weight of the pearly luster composition, as a crystallization additive. The pearly luster composition of the present invention is suitably used for shampoos, conditioners, body shampoos, liquid detergents, and the like.

Abstract: Compositions for use in treating and repairing orthopedic defects are provided. The compositions are especially useful for performing percutaneous vertebroplasty, percutaneous kyphoplasty and other procedures. When cured, the compositions are relatively solid but compressible, and prior to curing are viscous liquids with a low enough viscosity to fill voids in cavities such as voids within fractured vertebrae. Optionally, the properties of a composition according to the invention can be adjusted taking into account the hardness and density of the orthopedic structure to be repaired. Also disclosed are devices and methods for using the compositions, and a kit containing components for forming and utilizing the composition.

Abstract: Provided herein is a gaseous isoprene composition comprising isoprene, carbon dioxide and water, wherein the isoprene is in an amount between about 0.1% and about 15% by volume; wherein the carbon dioxide is in an amount between about 0.04% and about 35% by volume; wherein the water is in an amount greater than about 70% of its saturation amount. Also provided herein is a liquid isoprene composition comprising isoprene in an amount of at least 65% by weight and carbon dioxide in an amount between about 0.01% and about 1% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention provides a colouring pre-mix for use in colouring of a cosmetic composition and a coloured cosmetic composition including the same, wherein the colouring pre-mix includes 45-80 wt-% benzyl benzoate; 20-49 wt-% dipropylene glycol; 0.00001-5 wt-% colouring plant extracts; and optionally 0.00001-5 wt-% colorants; with the provision that the content of benzyl benzoate exceeds the content of dipropylene glycol, wherein all data given in wt-% refer to the total weight of the colouring pre-mix.

Abstract: This specification discloses an operational continuous process to convert lignin as found in ligno-cellulosic biomass before or after converting at least some of the carbohydrates. The continuous process has been demonstrated to create a slurry comprised of lignin, raise the slurry comprised of lignin to ultra-high pressure, deoxygenate the lignin in a lignin conversion reactor over a catalyst which is not a fixed bed without producing char. The conversion products of the carbohydrates or lignin can be further processed into polyester intermediates for use in polyester preforms and bottles.

Abstract: The invention provides a soil improvement agent composition which contains (A) a fatty acid polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether represented by formula (1): R1CO (EO)m (PO)n OR2 (1) wherein R1 is a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group having 13 to 21 carbon atoms, EO represents ethylene oxide, m is a number of 2 to 10, PO represents propylene oxide, n is a number of 1 to 4, and R2 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and (B) a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether represented by formula (2): R3O (EO)x (PO)y H (2) wherein R3 is a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group having 8 to 14 carbon atoms, EO represents ethylene oxide, x is a number of 7 to 12, PO represents propylene oxide, and y is a number of 0 to 3.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

Abstract: A mixture of urea, water and ammonium carbamate is formulated for use in the catalytic reduction of oxides of nitrogen in diesel exhaust. The mixtures may be formulated to optimize the amount of reductant in the mixture and the freezing point of the formulation. These formulations are especially useful in combination with Selective Catalytic Reduction systems and are well suited for use on heavy-duty trucks and heavy duty equipment used off-road. Some of these formations include between about 15.0 wt. % to about 40.0 wt. % urea; between about 15.0 wt. % to about 40.0 wt. % ammonium carbamate; and between about 40.0 wt. % to about 60.0 wt. % water. The formulation may be monitored for ammonia content and/or freezing point and the composition of the formulation may be adjusted to optimize the freezing point and ammonia content.

Abstract: Provided are azeotropic or azeotrope-like mixtures of 1,1,3,3-tetrachloro-1-fluoropropane (HCFC-241fa) and hydrogen fluoride. Such compositions are useful as an intermediate in the production of HFC-245fa and HCFO-1233zd.

Abstract: A methyl cellulose having a DS(methyl) of from 1.10 to 1.61 is useful for increasing the wet green modulus of an extrusion-molded hollow body, particularly an extrusion-molded hollow body having a ceramic honeycomb structure.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are mixed metal-organic frameworks, Zn3(BDC)3[Cu(SalPycy)] and Zn3(CDC)3[Cu(SalPycy)], wherein BDC is 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate, CDC is 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate, and SalPyCy is a ligand of the formula: These are useful for applications such as selective gas storage, selective molecular separations, and selective detection of molecules, including enantioselective applications thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides adducts, mixtures of adducts and oligomers, and/or mixtures of adducts, oligomers, and low molecular weight polymers formed from monovinylaromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing an organometallic catalyst and an organometallic catalyst when produced by the method. The method comprises the steps of combining a polycarboxylic acid or anhydride and a metal-oxide, metal-hydroxide or metal-salt with a solvent at a temperature and pressure at which the solvent exists as a supercritical or near-critical fluid. The polycarboxylic acid or anhydride is reacted with the metal-oxide, metal-hydroxide or metal-salt for sufficient time and under sufficient temperature and pressure to produce the organometallic catalyst. The present invention also relates to a process for making a poly(alkylene carbonate) in the presence of a catalytic amount of the organometallic catalyst produced by the method.

Abstract: The present application provides switchable cationic surfactants based on tertiary amines, and methods and systems of use thereof. The tertiary amine structure allows these switchable surfactants to reversibly switch from a non-surfactant form to a surfactant form by simple introduction of an ionizing trigger gas that comprises CO2, CS2, COS, or a mixture thereof, at a pressure and an amount sufficient to convert all or a substantial portion of the amine to said salt, where the total pressure of the ionizing trigger gas is approximately ambient pressure. These tertiary amine-based switchable surfactants are further characterized by facile switching from the surfactant form to the non-surfactant form.

Abstract: The disclosed subject matter provides a chiral host-guest composition for a ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture, the host-guest composition comprising a chiral guest compound and an achiral host compound, wherein the host-guest composition induces a greater degree of polarization in the liquid crystal mixture than is induced in the mixture with a comparable amount of the chiral guest compound in the absence of the achiral host compound. The chiral guest is a fluorinated compound comprising a aryl or heteroaryl core substituted with an alkyl chain, wherein the alkyl chain includes one or more fluorine atoms, each fluorine atom being bonded to a chiral carbon atom. The achiral host possesses a central thiadiazole core, with at least one aryl/heteroaryl wing, further substituted with alkyl or alkoxy groups.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of increasing the chemical and/or thermal stability of PHA in biomass where the biomass is contained within mixed liquor, and wherein the mixed liquor is treated by a combination of removing water from the mixed liquor and pH adjustment of the mixed liquor or maintenance of the pH of the mixed liquor within a selected pH range, and wherein the method includes reducing the pH of the mixed liquor below 6, or maintaining the pH of the mixed liquor below 6 for a selected period of time, and wherein the pH adjustment of the mixed liquor to below 6 or the maintenance of the pH of the mixed liquor below 6 gives rise to an increase in chemical and/or thermal stability of the PHA in the biomass.

Abstract: A hydrogel that includes an aqueous solution or an alcohol aqueous solution, and a hydrogelator containing a lipid peptide represented by Formula (1), or a pharmaceutically usable salt thereof. In Formula (1), R1 represents an aliphatic group having 9 to 21 carbon atoms; R2, R3, and R4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms that optionally has a branched chain having 1 or 2 carbon atoms, a phenylmethyl group, or a —(CH2)n—X group, and at least one of R2, R3, and R4 represents a —(CH2)n—X group; n represents an integer from 1 to 4; and X represents an amino group, a guanidino group, a —CONH2 group, or a 5-membered ring, a 6-membered ring or a fused heterocyclic ring composed of a 5-membered ring and a 6-membered ring that optionally has 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid radiation curable resin capable of curing into a solid upon irradiation comprising: (A) from about 0 to about 12 wt % of a cycloaliphatic epoxide having a linking ester group; (B) from about 30 to about 65 wt % of one or more epoxy functional components other than A; (C) from about 10 to about 30 wt % of one or more oxetanes; (D) from, about 1 to about 10 wt % of one or more polyols; (E) from about 2 to about 20 wt % of one or more radically curable (meth)acrylate components; (F) from about 2 to about 12 wt % of one or more impact modifiers; (G) from about 0.1 to about 8 wt % of one or more free radical photoinitiators; and (H) from about 0.1 to about 8 wt % of one or more cationic photoinitiators; wherein the liquid radiation curable resin has a viscosity at 30° C. of from about 600 cps to about 1300 cps.