Abstract: The present invention provides novel nanoscale cellulose particles and also a process for their production. The cellulose-based particles obtained have volume-averaged particle sizes of less than 300 run. These nanoparticles are produced from slightly oxidized cellulose and by input of energy into a water-containing medium after or during dispersion.

Abstract: The present invention discloses humanized anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies, which have favorable binding activity (the binding affinity being 6.13×10?10 mol/L) and are able to inhibit the growth and migration of tumor cells.

Abstract: Provided herein are estolide compositions having high oxidative stability, said compositions comprising at least one compound of formula: in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R1, independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R3 and R4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided herein are uses for the compositions and methods of preparing the same.

Abstract: A structured organic film comprising a plurality of segments and a plurality of linkers arranged as a covalent organic framework, wherein the structured organic film may be a multi-segment thick structured organic film.

Abstract: Process and systems for converting lower molecular weight alkanes to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons that include demethanization of brominated hydrocarbons, wherein the brominated hydrocarbons are formed by reaction of the lower molecular weight alkanes with bromine.

Abstract: A method for preparing a phosphitylated compound comprising the step of:—reacting a hydroxyl containing compound with a phosphitylating agent in the presence of an activator having the formula (I) wherein R=alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl R1, R2=either H or form a 5 to 6-membered ring together. X1, X2=independently either N or CH Y?H or Si(R4)3, with R4=alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl B=deprotonated acid. The hydroxyl containing compound is preferably a sugar moiety or a nucleoside or an oligomer derived therefrom.

Abstract: There is provided processes for purification of Lubiprostone by formation of amine salts. Also provided are compounds of the Lubiprostone amine salt. Also provided are compositions comprising Lubiprostone and amines.

Abstract: The invention relates to an isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain having NMI accession no. V09/024011, and to a method of producing ethanol and distiller's grains using the strain.

Abstract: Compositions comprising compounds having an aldohexose moiety, a highly fluorinated moiety, and a nitrogen-containing functional group linking the moieties together are disclosed. The aldohexose-based fluoroadditives are effective in reducing the surface tension of water and are useful in various surfactant applications. Also disclosed are processes for making aldohexose-based fluoroadditives.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods and catalysts for deoxygenating a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil are provided. The method comprises the step of contacting the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil with a first deoxygenating catalyst in the presence of hydrogen at first predetermined hydroprocessing conditions to form a first low-oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil effluent. The first deoxygenating catalyst comprises a neutral catalyst support, nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum. The first deoxygenating catalyst comprises nickel in an amount calculated as an oxide of from about 0.1 to about 1.5 wt. %.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a disordered porous silicon dioxide material including applying a fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether as an additive. The fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether has a formula of RO—(CH2CH2O)n—H, R is C8-24H17-49, and n=9-30.

Abstract: Compositions comprising compounds having an aldohexose moiety, a highly fluorinated moiety, and a nitrogen-containing functional group linking the moieties together are disclosed. The aldohexose-based fluoroadditives are effective in reducing the surface tension of water and are useful in various surfactant applications. Also disclosed are processes for making aldohexose-based fluoroadditives.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method of hydrolyzing a cellulose, hemicellulose, or ligno-cellulose comprising: (a) contacting (i) an ionic liquid (IL) or ionic liquid-aqueous (ILA) phase comprising cellulose, hemicellulose, or ligno-cellulose, or a mixture thereof, and (ii) an acid, such that the cellulose, hemicellulose, or ligno-cellulose is hydrolyzed into sugar, and (b) optionally adding water to the IL or ILA phase wherein the proportion of water in the IL or ILA phase does not exceed about 60% by weight. The present invention also provides for a method of recovering a sugar comprising contacting an IL or ILA phase and an organic phase comprising an organic acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst complex or ligand, and compositions thereof, for use in a variety of organic reactions having high reactivity and enantioselectivity. The catalyst is a N-heterocyclic carbene having three fused rings with first and second rings being six-membered rings and the third being a five-membered ring. The first ring is fused to the second and has four substituents. The second ring has two nitrogens flanking a carbene atom with one nitrogen bound to a substituent. The carbene atom may optionally be bonded to a metal. The third ring is fused to the second ring and contains two nitrogens. The third ring of the catalyst has a double bond and two substituents on adjacent non-fused carbons. A non-fused nitrogen of the third ring is partially bonded to another substituent. Methods for the synthesis and use of the catalyst embodiments of the present invention are also provided.

Abstract: A capped structured organic film comprising a plurality of segments and a plurality of linkers arranged as a covalent organic framework, wherein the structured organic film may be a multi-segment thick structured organic film.

Abstract: This invention relates to the storage on a solid matrix of genetic material, in particular DNA that has been purified prior to the application to the solid matrix. More specifically, the invention relates to a solid matrix for the storage of purified DNA, which matrix has been treated with a solution comprising plant polysaccharide inulin. One advantage of the invention is that an increased amount of DNA can be stored in the solid matrix of the present invention.

Abstract: An additive for overcharge prevention of a lithium ion battery is provided. A nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion battery including a lithium salt and an organic solvent is also provided, which includes both a terphenylene derivative and a xylene derivative. The additive undergoes oxidative polymerization during overcharge and increases resistance of an electrode surface, thereby shutting down overcharge current. When the additive of the present invention is used in the electrolyte of a lithium ion battery, the safety of battery can be improved during overcharge.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for increasing the yields of fermentable C6 sugars from lignocellulosic biomass by using a multistage cellulose hydrolysis and quench, with or without acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dye compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof and a dye-sensitized solar cell using the dye compound: wherein R1 and R2 are, independently, H, C1-C12alkoxy or a halogen; and D1 and D2 are, independently, C1-C12alkyl, or D1, D2 and N form one of The dye compound is applicable to a dye-sensitized solar cell for increasing photoelectric efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell.

Abstract: A flue gas additive is provided that includes both a nitrogenous component to reduce gas phase nitrogen oxides and a halogen-containing component to oxidize gas phase elemental mercury.

Abstract: The method of inhibiting free radical polymerization of styrene includes adding multi-walled carbon nanotubes are added to the styrene monomer. The addition of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes at a concentration of 5% by weight is found to provide effective inhibition of the polymerization of the styrene. Greater decreases in the conversion rate of styrene to polystyrene are found through the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with a carboxylic group (COOH). Still greater decreases in the conversion rate of styrene to polystyrene are found through the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with octadecylamine (C18H39N). The multi-walled carbon nanotubes may also be functionalized with other functional groups, such as octadecanoate, polyethylene glycol or phenol. The functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes only require addition at a concentration of 1% by weight to be effective in polymerization inhibition.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for manufacturing a (per)fluoropolymer, said process comprising polymerizing one or more fluorinated monomers in the presence of a multi-phase medium, said medium comprising: (A) a water phase [phase (W)]; (B) at least one fluorinated surfactant [surfactant (FS)] having formula (I) here below: Rf—(OCF2CF2)k-1—O—CF2—COOXa??(I) wherein Rf is a C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl group comprising, optionally, one or more ether oxygen atoms, k is 2 or 3 and Xa is a selected from a monovalent metal and an ammonium group of formula NRN4, wherein RN, equal or different at each occurrence, is a hydrogen atom or a C1-C3 alkyl group; (C) an oil phase [phase (O)] comprising: at least one non-functional (per)fluoropolyether (non-functional PFPE) comprising at least one (per)fluoropolyoxyalkylene chain [chain (RF)] and at least one functional (per)fluoropolyether (functional PFPE) comprising at least one (per)fluoropolyoxyalkylene chain [chain (R?F)] and having a number average molecular

Abstract: Improved systems and methods for producing feedstock for biofuel and biochemical manufacturing processes are disclosed. Some systems and methods use components that are capable of transferring relatively high concentrations of solid biomass. Some systems and methods recycle a deconstruction catalyst.

Abstract: A highly heat-conductive epoxy resin composition, which comprises epoxy resin in a liquid state at room temperature, a latent curing agent, a highly heat-conductive filler, and a non-ionic surfactant, where preferably the latent curing agent is mixed with a portion of the epoxy resin in a liquid state at room temperature to form a master batch, can keep a relatively low viscosity, even if a large amount of the filler is contained, and can be cured at a relatively low temperature for a short time, and has a distinguished storage stability as one-component composition.

Abstract: Provided herein are elution buffers and methods for purifying viruses using gel permeation chromatography. The methods are useful, for example, in increasing recovery of a virus from a gel permeation chromatography column. The buffers for use in the methods include at least one excipient selected from histidine or sucrose, a divalent cation, a non-ionic detergent, and a phosphate buffered saline.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for making CF3CF?CHF. The process involves reacting CF3CClFCCl2F with H2 in a reaction zone in the presence of a catalyst to produce a product mixture comprising CF3CF?CHF. The catalyst has a catalytically effective amount of palladium supported on a support selected from the group consisting of alumina, fluorided alumina, aluminum fluoride and mixtures thereof and the mole ratio of H2 to CF3CClFCCl2F fed to the reaction zone is between about 1:1 and about 5:1. Also disclosed are azeotropic compositions of CF3CClFCCl2F and HF and azeotropic composition of CF3CHFCH2F and HF.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of an aqueous glucose solution from maize or maize kernels. The invention also relates to a glucose solution obtainable by this process, and to its use for the production of organic compounds. The process according to the invention comprises: a) fractionating dry milling of maize kernels, where the maize kernels are separated into a maize-starch-comprising endosperm fraction and a high-oil germ fraction and, if appropriate, a bran fraction; b) enzymatic liquefaction and saccharification of the maize starch in an aqueous suspension of the endosperm fraction, which gives an aqueous glucose solution comprising maize gluten; and c) depletion of the maize gluten and, if appropriate, any bran present from the aqueous glucose solution.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of manufacturing a graphene dispersion, a composite of poly(ionic liquid) and graphene manufactured thereby, and a manufacturing method thereof, which can manufacture the poly(ionic liquid)-modified graphene using the graphene dispersion which is manufactured by exfoliating graphite with an ionic liquid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of altering the surface behavior of a liquid by adding to the liquid a compound of a Formula (1): Rf—O—(CF2)x(CH2)y—O-(QO)z—H ??(1) Wherein Rf is a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by one to three ether oxygen atoms, x is an integer of 1 to 6; y is an integer of 1 to 6; Q is a linear 1,2-alkylene group of the formula CmH2m where m is an integer of 2 to 10; and z is an integer of 1 to 30.

Abstract: Mixed butene streams containing butene-1 and isobutylene and optionally butene-2 are hydroformylated under conditions that hydroformylates all the monomers to yield a mixture of valeraldehydes. Higher temperatures and/or longer residence times and/or higher partial pressure of carbon monoxide than in conventional processes are used to ensure hydroformylation of all the monomers.

Abstract: A process for preparing an aqueous solution of a methylglycine-N,N-diacetic acid trialkali metal salt at a high yield and purity by Strecker synthesis, the process including: reacting an aqueous solution containing ?-alanine with formaldehyde and hydrocyanic acid, to obtain ?-alanine-N,N-diacetonitrile in one reaction unit; and saponification of the ?-alanine-N,N-diacetonitrile with a base, to obtain the methylglycine-N,N-diacetic acid trialkali metal salt, wherein the ?-alanine is partially neutralized and the addition of formaldehyde and hydrocyanic acid are controlled such that a concentration of free hydrocyanic acid in the liquid reaction mixture at any time is limited such that secondary reactions that produce formaldehyde cyanohydrin, consecutive reactions of formaldehyde cyanohydrin, and the polymerization of hydrocyanic acid, only occur insofar as the specification requirements, such as nitrilotriacetic acid content and color, for methylglycine-N,N-diacetic acid trialkali metal salts are observed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mixture of ethylenediamine (EDA) and N-methyl-ethylenediamine (Me-EDA) with a low content of Me-EDA, which comprises at least 99.5% by weight of ethylenediamine, and wherein the concentration of N-methylethylenediamine is in the range from 0.005 to 0.15% by weight. The present invention further relates to a process for distillative workup of a mixture comprising EDA, Me-EDA and water, by introducing the mixture into a distillation column which is operated at a column top pressure of 10 mbar to 4 bar, wherein the weight ratio of water to ethylenediamine in the mixture used is a*X:Y where X is the proportion by weight of water and Y is the proportion by weight of ethylenediamine at the azeotropic point of a binary mixture of water and ethylenediamine at the column top pressure in question, and a is a real number with a value of 0.9 or more.

Abstract: The present invention is a solution or colloid of fullerene, SWNTs, or graphene in cyclic terpenes, lactones, terpene-alcohol, fatty-acid alcohols, and lactones following ultrasonication and ultracentrifugation processing, for oil-energy, biological, electrical-thermal applications. The compositions are useful as fuel/oil/grease/gels (synthetic included), oil/fuel/additives/propellants, identification dyes, and heat-transfer fluids. Other functions are phase-change fluids for solar energy power plants, antifreeze, electronic dyes, electrolytic fluid/solvent, electrically-thermally conductive material for electrochemical, dielectric, filler/adhesive for semiconductor, eletro-optical, and liquid crystal substrates/coatings for touch sensitive transmissive or reflective displays. When combined with gelatin the formulations can function as dichroic-optical coatings for thin-films/waveguides/holograms.

Abstract: A method for recovering a metal, capable of recovering a metal easily without requiring the use of an organic medium, is provided. A complex between a chelating agent and a metal present in a sample is formed in a mixture prepared by mixing the chelating agent and the sample under pH conditions where the chelating agent can be insoluble in an aqueous medium. Then, the complex is recovered from the mixture, and further, the metal is recovered by dissolving the recovered complex in an aqueous medium under pH conditions that are different from the pH conditions where the chelating agent can be insoluble in an aqueous medium. By this method, a metal can be recovered easily without requiring the use of the use of an organic medium.

Abstract: Novel water softening compositions and methods of treating hard water are provided. The compositions comprise a blend of sodium chloride and potassium chloride. The compositions are useful for regenerating ion exchange material in a water softening system and providing softened water containing both sodium and potassium ions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of: providing a mixture of a polymer or a resin and a transition metal compound, producing a fiber from the mixture, and heating the fiber under conditions effective to form a carbon nanotube-containing carbonaceous fiber. The polymer or resin is an aromatic polymer or a precursor thereof and the mixture is a neat mixture or is combined with a solvent. Also disclosed are a carbonaceous fiber or carbonaceous nanofiber sheet having at least 15 wt. % carbon nanotubes, a fiber or nanofiber sheet having the a polymer or a resin and the transition metal compound, and a fiber or nanofiber sheet having an aromatic polymer and metal nanoparticles.

Abstract: This invention pertains to method for imparting a durable antimicrobial activity to substrates, particularly textiles. An acetate-free metal and peroxide antimicrobial treatment formulation is prepared by adjusting the pH of a mixture of a metal salt in aqueous hydrogen peroxide to about 7.5. The substrate is treated with the composition and dried to afford the treated substrate with antimicrobial activity. Zinc salts, ions, or complexes are preferred.

Abstract: A solvent spun bamboo fiber with a high wet modulus and a producing method thereof are disclosed. The producing method includes: activating by adding a bamboo pulp into de-ionized water, adjusting the pH value, adding cellulase and adjusting the pH value by adding alkali; squeezing by vacuum dehydration; pre-dissolving by adding an aqueous solution containing 50-88% by mass of N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide; then dissolving by putting the above pre-dissolved mixture into a dissolver, heating, vacuumizing, dehydrating, dissolving, homogenizing and defoaming; spinning by spraying through a spinneret and forming a bamboo fiber by dry-wet spinning; water washing; bleaching; oiling; and drying. The present method is simple to operate, free of industrial pollution, low energy consuming, and highly safe. The bamboo fiber produced by the present method not only keeps the natural physical and chemical properties of bamboo fiber, but also has a high wet modulus without harmful chemical residues.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for producing substantially uniformly colored bubbles are described. The composition comprises at least one surfactant mixed with at least one colorant, the colorant forming at least approximately 10% of the composition. The surfactant, or surface-active agent, forms the bubble while the colorant, or pigment, provides the color. Generally, the composition may comprise 10-99% colorant to produce varying degrees of opacity. In addition, glycerin, fragrance, propylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate, potassium hydroxide, or other additives may be included.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene that may be useful as heat transfer compositions, aerosol propellants, foaming agents, blowing agents, solvents, cleaning agents, carrier fluids, displacement drying agents, buffing abrasion agents, polymerization media, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethane, gaseous dielectrics, extinguishing agents, and fire suppression agents in liquid or gaseous form. Additionally, the present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene, 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, or 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane, which may be useful in processes to produce 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for improving the functional properties of a sample, which comprises at least one component that can be modified upon absorbing ultraviolet light, the method including using pulsed light with an emission spectrum of 190-1100 nm and a high content of ultraviolet light to modify the component. The method makes it possible to obtain samples with improved functional properties (hydration, glass transition, solubility, water retention capacity, oil retention capacity, thickening, dispersing, emulsifying, foaming or gelling properties, film formation properties, bulking agent properties, surface properties (wettability, adhesion, etc.)) which are used in the food industry, the cosmetics industry, the pharmaceutical industry, the biomedical industry, the biotechnological industry, the chemical industry and in other industries.

Abstract: Formulations, methods, and products for preventing or decreasing insolubilization of chitosan-containing compositions are provided. By employing embodiments discussed herein, the ability of a chitosan-containing composition to properly solubilize at a desired time may be preserved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to organic electroluminescent devices which comprise fluorene derivatives and spirobifluorene derivatives as matrix material for phosphorescent emitters.

Abstract: Azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions are disclosed. The azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions are mixtures of E-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene with methyl formate, n-pentane, 2-methylbutane, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, n-butane or isobutane. Also disclosed is a process of preparing a thermoplastic or thermoset foam by using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions as blowing agents. Also disclosed is a process of producing refrigeration by using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions. Also disclosed is a process of using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions as solvents. Also disclosed is a process of producing an aerosol product by using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions. Also disclosed is a process of using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions as heat transfer media. Also disclosed is a process of extinguishing or suppressing a fire by using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions.

Abstract: Methods for releasing associated guest materials from a metal organic framework are provided. Methods for associating guest materials with a metal organic framework are also provided. Methods are provided for selectively associating or dissociating guest materials with a metal organic framework. Systems for associating or dissociating guest materials within a series of metal organic frameworks are provided. Thermal energy transfer assemblies are provided. Methods for transferring thermal energy are also provided.

Abstract: A composition for balancing a rotary system, comprising an amount of a thixotropic balancing substance; characterized by an amount of hydrophobic particles distributed in said amount of said thixotropic balancing substance. A corresponding method and system.

Abstract: A method comprises forming a reaction mixture comprising a terephthalate polyester, a glycol comprising 2 to 5 carbons, and an amidine organocatalyst; and heating the reaction mixture at a temperature of about 120° C. or more to depolymerize the terephthalate polyester, thereby forming a terephthalate reaction product comprising a monomeric dihydroxy terephthalate diester; wherein the terephthalate reaction product contains terephthalate oligomers in an amount less than the amount of terephthalate oligomers that would result from i) substituting the amidine organocatalyst with an equimolar amount of a guanidine catalyst and ii) depolymerizing the terephthalate polyester under otherwise identical reaction conditions.

Abstract: A photoresponsive ionic organic compound of formula (I); a method of producing the same; a photoresponsive carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersant; a CNT dispersion containing the dispersant; and a method of separating a CNT from the dispersion: wherein R1, R2, and R3 each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; A represents —CH— or a nitrogen atom; X represents an anion; and n is a number to give a charge of ?2 to nX.

Abstract: Nano-sized rare earth metal oxide particles are prepared from aqueous reverse micelles. The engineered nanoparticles have large surface area to volume ratios, and uniformly incorporate a surfactant in each particle, so that when applied to the inner surface of a pipeline or sprayed onto a fluid stream in a pipeline, the particles reduce the roughness of the inside surface of pipe being used to transport fluid. The application of a nanolayer of this novel nanoceria mixture causes a significant reduction in pressure drops, friction, and better recovery and yield of fluid flowing through a pipeline.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (I), to mixtures of the said compounds with emitter compounds, to the use of compounds of the formula (I) and the said mixtures in electronic devices, and to electronic devices containing one or more compounds of the formula (I) and/or mixtures of compounds of the formula (I) with emitter compounds.