Abstract: A new set of effective, environmentally safe, nonflammable, low-toxicity refrigerants, solvents, foam blowing agents, propellants, and firefighting agents is disclosed. The agents are clean, electrically nonconductive, and have short atmospheric lifetimes, zero ozone-depletion potential, and low global warming potentials. The agents comprise at least one fluoroiodocarbon agent satisfying the general formula C.sub.a H.sub.b Br.sub.c Cl.sub.d F.sub.e I.sub.f N.sub.g O.sub.h, wherein a is between and including 1 and 8; b is between and including 0 and 2; c, d, g, and h are each between and including 0 and 1; e is between and including 1 and 18; and f is between and including 1 and 2, either neat or mixed with additives selected from the group consisting of: alcohols, esters, ethers, fluoroethers, hydrocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, and perfluorocarbons.

Abstract: Methods for sterilization of an article comprising contacting the article with a blend comprising an ethylene oxide sterilant and a propellant. The propellant comprises a fluoroiodocarbon of the general formula C.sub.a H.sub.b Br.sub.c Cl.sub.d F.sub.e I.sub.f N.sub.g O.sub.h, wherein a is between and including 1 and 8, b is between and including 0 and 2, c, d, g and h are each between and including 0 and 1, e is between and including 1 and 17, and f is between and including 1 and 2.

Abstract: The invention provides a process and apparatus for producing a quench gas mixture for increasing the cooling rate of an article. The quench gas mixture is produced by introducing helium gas into the bottom of a vessel containing a cryogenic liquid. Heat is transferred directly from the helium gas to the cryogenic liquid as the helium bubbles rise through the liquid to the surface. The resulting cryogenic vapor mixes with the helium gas in the ullage space at the top of the vessel, and the gas mixture is taken off from the ullage space and supplied to a cooling process.

Abstract: A laser welding method which provides improved welding quality, allowing excellent products to be produced. The mixture of inactive gas or nitrogen gas and 5% to 35% of oxygen gas in terms of volume ratio and that of inactive gas or nitrogen gas and not less than 25% of dried air in terms of volume ratio are employed as an assist gas in the lap and butt weldings and filler wire-inserted welding of metal materials filmed with low melting point substance.

Abstract: A method for extinguishing hydrogen fires comprises introducing to the hydrogen fire a fire extinguishing concentration of 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane and maintaining the concentration until the fire is extinguished. The method includes heptafluoropropane at a range of 13-30% volume/volume in the air. The fire extinguishing methods also include the use of heptafluoropropane in blend with other fire extinguishing compounds. Also disclosed are atmospheres of hydrogen, an oxidizer, and a sufficient amount of 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane to render the atmosphere incapable of supporting combustion of the hydrogen, as well as related methods for preparing such atmospheres.

Abstract: A new set of effective, environmentally safe, nonflammable, low-toxicity refrigerants, solvents, foam blowing agents, propellants, and firefighting agents is disclosed. The agents are clean, electrically nonconductive, and have short atmospheric lifetimes, zero ozone-depletion potential, and low global warming potentials. The agents comprise at least one fluoroiodocarbon agent satisfying the general formula C.sub.a H.sub.b Br.sub.c Cl.sub.d F.sub.e I.sub.f N.sub.g O.sub.h, wherein a is between and including 1 and 8; b is between and including 0 and 2; c, d, g, and h are each between and including 0 and 1; e is between and including 1 and 18; and f is between and including 1 and 2, either neat or mixed with additives selected from the group consisting of: alcohols, esters, ethers, fluoroethers, hydrocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, and perfluorocarbons.

Abstract: Stabilized compositions comprising 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HFA-141b), a styrene derivative and a co-stabilizing agent chosen from alcohols containing less than 3 hydroxyl groups and non-functionalized alkenes. These compositions may especially be used in premixes for polyurethane foams.

Abstract: In arc welding of aluminum using an inert gas, such as argon or a mixture of argon and helium, 80 to 250 ppm of a mixture of N.sub.2 and N.sub.2 O is added to the inert gas to improve the welding process and the welding result.

Abstract: Process for soot-free preparation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide containing synthesis gas, comprising partial oxidation of a steam containing carbonaceous process gas at low temperature and at low steam carbon ratio in a reactor having an upper portion with process gas and oxidizer inlet means and a lower portion with a catalyst bed, wherein a stream of the process gas is injected in a stream of oxidizer gas, which oxidizer gas has been brought into a swirling motion to obtain a maximum number of mixing points for the process and oxidizer gas and to provide substantial soot-free partial oxidation of the process gas.

Abstract: 1. A carbon dioxide gas generating composition characterize in that:(a) the composition comprises the combination of at least one component acid greater than carbonic acid in dissociation constant, at least 0.5 g/100 g water in solubility at 30.degree. C. and solid (at least 40.degree. C. in melting point) at room temperature and at least one component alkali carbonate up to 50 g/100 g water in solubility at 3O.degree. C.,(b) at least one of the component acid and the component alkali carbonate of the combination is an acid having a solubility of up to 90 g/100 g water at 30.degree. C. or an alkali carbonate having a solubility of up to 2 g/100 g water at 30.degree. C.,(c) the component acid is an acid or a salt convertible into an acid on decomposition, and the component alkali carbonate is an alkali metal carbonate or hydrogencarbonate, or alkaline earth metal carbonate, and,(d) the ratio of the component acid to the component alkali carbonate to be mixed therewith is 1:5 to 5:1 in equivalent ratio.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of carbon monoxide and/or hydrogen from a hydrocarbon feedstock. The hydrocarbon feedstock is subjected in a first stage to a catalytic partial oxidation process in which it is contacted, as a gaseous mixture comprising the hydrocarbon feedstock and an oxygen-containing gas, which gaseous mixture also comprises nitrogen, with a catalyst comprising as a catalytically active metal rhodium, iridium or platinum. At least a portion of the products of the first stage is subjected in a second stage to a process in which ammonia and/or hydrogen cyanide is removed.

Abstract: An olefin/oxygen purge gas from the catalytic reaction of the olefin with hydrogen peroxide is contacted with an absorbent liquid such as isopropanol and water to absorb olefin while an inert gas such as methane is added to avoid formation of flammable oxygen-containing gas compositions.

Abstract: Lubricating grease compositions based on titanium complex soap thickener in mineral and synthetic base oils have been prepared for the first time. Tentative methods for preparing lubricating grease from this new type of titanium complex soap thickener have been described. High performance lubricating grease resulted from titanium terphthalate stearate complex soap thickener, exhibited excellent mechanical stability, high drop point, excellent oxidation stability, very good extreme pressure and antiwear properties, good water resistance and corrosion inhibiting characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a protective gas consisting of 0.0010-0.100 percent by volume nitric-oxide, 0-90 percent by volume helium, 0-5 percent by volume hydrogen, 0-50 percent by volume carbon dioxide, and the remainder argon. The invention also relates to a gas mixture for producing the productive gas. The method of producing the protective gas is characterized by dissolving nitric oxide in condensed argon to a concentration of 0.0010-0.100 percent by volume, calculated on gas phase, vaporizing the resultant solution and mixing remaining constituents in the vaporized solution in such proportions as to obtain a protective gas of the predetermined composition. The gas mixture used for producing the protective gas is characterized in that it consists of 0.0010-0.100 percent by volume nitric oxide in condensed argon, calculated on gas phase, and is preferably held under an overpressure.

Abstract: A sterilant mixture comprising 14 to 25 mole percent ethylene oxide and 75 to 86 mole percent 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and a sterilization method using same.

Abstract: This invention is a vapor-phase process for cleaning metal-containing contaminants from the surfaces of integrated circuits and semiconductors between the numerous fabricating steps required to manufacture the finished electronic devices. The process employs cleaning agents comprising an effective amount of hexamethyldisilazane. The process comprises contacting the surface to be cleaned with an effective amount of the desired cleaning agent at a temperature sufficient to form volatile metal-ligand complexes on the surface of the substrate to be cleaned. The volatile metal-ligand complexes are sublimed from the surfaces of the substrate providing a clean, substantially residue-free surface.

Abstract: The plasma producing gas consists of a ternary mixture of helium, argon and hydrogen and contains at least about 10% hydrogen, typically 30 to 70% helium, 10 to 50% argon and 10 to 25% hydrogen, preferably 20% (.+-.5%) hydrogen. Use for the plasma projection of metallic oxide.

Abstract: Increased cooling rate of an article heated to an elevated temperature is achieved by flowing an inert gas mixture of helium and another inert gas over the article under conditions of turbulent flow.

Abstract: An aqueous lubrication treatment liquid for a cold plastic working of a metallic material comprises 50 to 400 g/l of a solid lubricant, for example, MoS.sub.2, 1 to 40 g/l of a surfactant, 10 ppm to 5000 ppm, in terms of colloidal titanium compound, water, and optionally, 5 to 150 g/l of a binder and 4 to 160 g/l of a metallic soap. This liquid exhibits a strong bonding to the metallic material and an excellent lubricating property, and prevents rusting of the metallic material.

Abstract: A compliant thermally conductive, preferably dielectric, compound that enhances the power dissipation capability of high-powered electrical components such as bipolar VLSI semiconductor chips. The compound has chemically stable thermal conduction and viscosity properties; is not subject to phase separation during use and may be applied in small gaps to maximize thermal conduction. The compound preferably comprises a liquid carrier having thermal filler particles dispersed therein and a coupling agent having a functionality which is reactive with the calcined surface of the thermal filler particles, and a functionality having preferential wetting of the thermal filler particles over self-condensation. Additional additives such as fumed silica and polyisobutylene enhance the phase stability and resistance to thermo-mechanical shear force degradation of the thermally conductive compound encountered during functional usage, e.g., fluctuating power cycles.

Abstract: A sterilant mixture comprising 15 to 30 mole percent ethylene oxide and 70 to 85 mole percent 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and/or 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, and a sterilization method using same.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing semiconductor devices comprising at least a reactive ion etching step of a so-called substrate formed by semiconductor compounds having the general formulae Ga.sub.1-x As.sub.x In.sub.1-y P.sub.y, in which formulae x and y are the concentrations and lie between 0 and 1, this method comprising for carrying out this etching step a masking system of the said substrate cooperating with a flow of reacting gases, characterized in that the masking system is formed by a first metallic layer of titanium (Ti) of small thickness, on which a second metallic layer of nickel (Ni) is disposed having a thickness of about ten times larger, and in that the flow of reacting gases is formed by the mixture of the gases Cl.sub.2 /CH.sub.4 /H.sub.2 /Ar, in which mixture Cl.sub.2 is present in a quantity of about a quarter of the quantities of CH.sub.4 and Ar, as far as the partial pressures in the etching chamber are concerned.Application: Manufacture of optoelectronic devices of III-V materials.

Abstract: A method for cleaning metallic impurities from a silicon surface of a semiconductor device is described. The first method includes, in sequence, the steps of:(a) exposing the silicon surface for a first time to a plasma afterglow anhydrous cleaning gas mixture containing nitric oxide and hydrogen chloride together with an inert carrier gas to remove metallic impurities, and then either;(b) exposing that surface for a second time to a plasma afterglow gas mixture of a fluorocarbon gas and hydrogen or carbon dioxide to remove the silicon oxynitrochloride film which is formed by step (a), leaving a fluorocarbon polymer film; and(c) exposing the surface for a third time to a plasma afterglow gas of oxygen to remove the fluorocarbon polymer film deposited in step (b); or(d) exposing that surface for a second time to a plasma afterglow gas mixture of inorganic fluorine compound gas, O.sub.2 and carrier gas to remove the silicon oxynitrochlorine film which is formed in step (a).

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel-oxidant mixture for detonation gun applications comprising an oxidant such as oxygen and a fuel mixture of two combustible gases such as acetylene and propylene. The invention also relates to articles coated in a process using this fuel-oxidant mixture.

Abstract: In a low-pressure reactor, the addition of nitrogen trifluoride to a gaseous organosilicon compound such as tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) or tetramethylcyclotetroxysilane (TMCTS) results in surprisingly enhanced silicon dioxide deposition rates. The oxide deposited using this process also has the capability of filling features having aspects ratios up to at least 1.0, and may exhibit low mobile ion concentrations. The process is also applicable for depositing other silicon-containing films such as polysilicon and silicon nitride.

Abstract: A detection medium for a kinestatic charge detector is a mixture of gases, typically including at least one noble gas such as zenon or krypton. The medium can be pressurized to improve resolution and temperature can also be applied to the medium for improving resolution. Various additive or dopant gases can also be introduced to improve resolution.

Abstract: High-purity nitrogen is recovered from combustion gas such as exhaust stack gases, by utilizing selective gas-permeable membranes to separate by rejection, nitrogen from the other gases present in the gas stream.

Abstract: A method for making an oil additive comprising adding 2 gallons of 3% sodium hypochlorite to 45 gallons of diesel oil fuel, or similar proportions, to form a sulphur free fuel, removing all water and foreign matter formed by the sodium hypochlorite, blending 30 gallons of 24% lead naphthanate with 15 gallons of said sulphur free fuel, 15 gallons of light-weight mineral oil and about 1/2 gallon of 0.75% nitro benzene, or similar proportions to form a blended mixture, and heating the blended mixture slowly and uniformly to 152.degree. F.

Abstract: To prevent carburation of a tungsten filament, the fill within the bulb is ormed by an inert gas, for example xenon or krypton, and an additive which is formed by a single halogenated hydrocarbon in which iodine is bound, and further includes at least one atom of bromine or chlorine; suitable additives are: CH.sub.2 ClI, CHCl.sub.2 I, CHClI.sub.2, CHClBrI, CH.sub.2 BrI, present in from between about 1.times.10.sup.-8 to 5.times.10.sup.-6 mol per cm.sup.3 of the internal volume of the bulb; particularly preferred are chlor iodine methane (CH.sub.2 ClI), present in about 1-3.times.10.sup.-7 mol per cm.sup.3 of the internal volume of the bulb.

Abstract: Precursor gaseous mixtures from which to glow discharge deposit wide and narrow band gap semiconductor alloy material, said material characterized by improved photoconductivity and stability and improved resistance to photodegradation. There is also specifically disclosed a method of fabricating a narrow band gap semiconductor which method does not suffer from the effects of differential depletion of the components of the precursor gaseous mixture.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the use of fluorescence signals obtained by selective optical excitation to detect and monitor a species present during a flow reaction or decomposition of various reactants. These reactions were analyzed in situ using a tunable laser as a selective excitation source in combination with a reactor inducing such reactions with a diffusion flame or a plasma. The resultant spectra and analysis presented herein demonstrates the detection of new compositions like SiHF in the gas phase. The invention allows for pinpoint spatial probing of the reactor without perturbing the reaction. Thus, a deposition process can be controlled by monitoring a selected species and adjusting the deposition reaction parameters in response to the species' mere detection or relative concentration.

Abstract: A nonflammable layer is made by drying an aqueous alkali metal silicate composition on a substrate in the presence of a drying atmosphere containing at least 30% free oxygen by volume so that the resulting layer remains bubble-free on aging even under intense ultraviolet radiation.

Abstract: BF.sub.3 based mixtures for selectively etching thin layers of silicon dioxide over silicon for use in the plasma etch process for integrated circuits manufacture is disclosed.In the process, when trace amounts of formaldehyde are added to the etch system the rate on oxide inceases markedly. The effect on the silicon is not substantial. The optional addition of an inert diluent gas did not substantially change these results.

Abstract: A gas-insulated electric device comprising an electric conductor disposed in a sealed vessel filled with an insulating gas, the conductor being supported by a solid insulating member. The insulating gas is a nitrilic fluorocarbon compound or a mixture of a nitrilic fluorocarbon compound and SF.sub.6. In this device, the dielectric strength is increased. Accordingly, the size of the device can be decreased.

Abstract: Working fluids for the Rankine cycle comprising trichlorofluoromethane and a member selected from the group consisting of difluoroethane, isobutane and octafluorocyclobutane.

Abstract: An insulating gas for an electric device which comprises pentafluoropropionitrile or a mixture of pentafluoropropionitrile and sulfur hexafluoride and at least one nitrite ester selected from methyl nitrite, ethyl nitrite, propyl nitrite, butyl nitrite, and amyl nitrite. The effects of pentafluoropropionitrile on humans can be moderated by addition of the nitrite ester.

Abstract: A filling gas for a tire having one or more hollow chambers, especially vehicle tires with a body of rubber or rubber-like material having suitable reinforcement inserts. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF.sub.6) is used as the filling gas, which can also be a mixture of sulfur hexafluoride and one or more other gases, such as air. The tire hollow chamber, in comparison to the air, contains a greater quantity of sulfur hexafluoride. The ratio of air quantity to the quantity of sulfur hexafluoride is in the range of approximately 1:1 to 1:8.5. A relief or venting conduit is provided that extends into the vicinity of the highest location of the tire hollow chamber. Optionally, the rim breakthrough or valve leading to the tire hollow chamber is closed or sealed off. The valve for filling the tire hollow chamber, and the venting device may be arranged as a combined unit with respect to the rim body.

Abstract: The present invention is a vapor phase activator pad which produces fluorescent vapor fumes for use in a self-contained fingerprinting kit. The vapor phase activator pad is placed into an enclosed area order to fume an object in the area suspected of containing latent fingerprints. The vapor phase activator pad includes a fluorescent dye impregnated gauze pad and a composition. The composition consists of specified chlorinated organic solvents. The gauze pad is chemically treated with the composition so that when a quantity of alkyl-cyanoacrylate is placed onto the vapor phase activator pad. The vapor phase activator pad generates fluorescent vapors of the chemical cyanoacrylate wherein the latent fingerprints become exposed when an ultraviolet light source is shined on the object suspected of containing the latent fingerprints.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition with improved corrosion inhibiting properties comprising a major amount of a lubricating oil basestock and an effective amount of a complex of a selected heterocyclic nitrogen compound and an organometallic salt of a C.sub.4 to C.sub.22 fatty acid.

Abstract: A process for selectively etching an aluminum-containing coating in preference to a masking material on a surface of the aluminum-containing coating by positioning a patterned masking material on the aluminum-containing coating in a radio frequency plasma etching chamber and introducing an etchant gas and a source of oxygen and silicon to the interior of the chamber under conditions where silicon dioxide is deposited selectively on masking material layer while the unmasked aluminum-containing coating is etched.

Abstract: The invention comprises a novel stabilizing system useful for imparting resistance to oxidative breakdown comprising:(1) a metal deactivator azine of the formula: ##STR1## where: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 can be hydrogen, alkyl with 1-12 carbon atoms, alkoxy with 1-12 carbon atoms, carbalkoxy with 1-12 carbon atoms, halogen, hydroxy, nitro and amino groups and X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 can be hydrogen, alkyl with 1-12 carbon atoms or di-, tri- or tetramethylene bridges to the aromatic ring.(2) an amine;(3) a metal compound selected from the group consisting of metals or metal salt; and(4) a lubricating oil selected from the group consisting of mineral oils or synthetic hydrocarbon oils.

Abstract: High-temperature lubricant compositions which have good extreme pressure and antiwear properties include complex metal chalcogenides having the formula:M.sub.p (M'O.sub.x A.sub.4-x).sub.m.nH.sub.2 Owhere M is a metal selected from the group consisting of: Na, K, Cs, Mg, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Al, Cu, Ga, In, Bi, As, Ni, Zn, Cd, Sb, Sn and Ce;where M' is a metal selected from the group consisting of Mo and W;where A is S or Se;where x ranges from 1 to 3;where p is 1 or 2 depending on the oxidation state of M;where m is ranges from 1 to 5 depending on the oxidation state of M;and n ranges from 0 to 6.

Abstract: Electrical breakdown of a gas insulator in high voltage apparatus is preved by placing an electrical insulative coating on contaminant particles in the gas insulator.

Abstract: An electric arc welding gas system utilizing a welding gas comprising a mixture of argon, helium, carbon dioxide and oxygen; electrode currents in the range of 100 to 1100 amperes so as to form electrode metal globules of at least the size of the electrode diameter at the rate of 400 to 1200 globules per second.

Abstract: A protective lubricating composition is provided which will penetrate readily to closely fitting frictional parts but which will turn to a protective, non-migrating lubricating gel in use. Preferred embodiments may contain silicone fluids, extreme pressure compounds and surfactants, and may be combined with solvents and propellants to make a sprayable lubricant composition.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for precise control of vapor phase concentrations of volatile organic compounds is provided which utilize desorption of monolayers of the organic compound from a solid adsorbent. The method and apparatus can be used for measuring human olfactory system performance, for calibration of analytical chemical instruments, and in other applications.

Abstract: The combustible component of a gas stream of low heating value is combusted using less than a stoichiometric amount of oxygen under conditions for the suppression of carbon monoxide including the presence of an oxidation catalyst and a small amount of arsine, and the heat energy in the combusted gas is utilized, for example, by expansion in a gas turbine.

Abstract: Improvements in the known steam-iron coal gasification process. Coal and iron particles are cofluidized in a gas producing zone and agglomeration of the particles is prevented by including at least 30% and, as the temperature is raised within the operable range, 60% or even 90% or more iron in the mix. The FeO produced as a by-product is transferred to a regeneration zone where, preferably, one of two iron oxide reduction processes are utilized. One regeneration process comprises reacting the FeO in a dense fluidized bed with a mixture of CO and CO.sub.2. The other process involves cofluidizing FeO and CaO with a CO-CO.sub.2 mixture to produce iron and calcium compounds which may be separated from the iron prior to its introduction back into the gas producing zone.

Abstract: Improved binary and ternary gas mixtures for gas-filled radiation detectors are provided. The components are chosen on the basis of the principle that the first component is one molecular gas or mixture of two molecular gases having a large electron scattering cross section at energies of about 0.5 eV and higher, and the second component is a noble gas having a very small cross section at and below about 1.0 eV, whereby fast electrons in the gaseous mixture are slowed into the energy range of about 0.5 eV where the cross section for the mixture is small and hence the electron mean free path is large. The reduction in both the cross section and the electron energy results in an increase in the drift velocity of the electrons in the gas mixtures over that for the separate components for a range of E/P (pressure-reduced electric field) values. Several gas mixtures are provided that provide faster response in gas-filled detectors for convenient E/P ranges as compared with conventional gas mixtures.

Abstract: In welding or working operations using an electric arc a nitrogen compound is introduced into the working or welding area for the purpose of decomposing ozone in said area. The nitrogen compound is preferably purely nitric oxide, but may also be nitrous oxide (N.sub.2 O) or ammonia (NH.sub.3).