Abstract: The invention provides dielectric compositions and methods of forming the same. The dielectric compositions may be used to form dielectric layers in electronic devices such as multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) and, in particular, MLCCs which include base metal electrodes. The dielectric compositions include a barium titanate-based material and several dopants. The type and concentration of each dopant is selected to provide the dielectric composition with desirable electrical properties including a stable capacitance over a temperature range, a low dissipation factor, and a high capacitance. Preferably, MLCCs including dielectric layers formed with the composition satisfy X7R and/or X5R requirements.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid for evaporative cooling, said liquid being particularly suitable to indirect evaporative cooling apparatus. The liquid comprises an aqueous solution of trimethyl glycine, preferably containing 5-35 wt. % trimethyl glycine or a derivative thereof, and 65-95 wt. % water.

Abstract: A dielectric fluid comprises an isoparaffinic base oil and hydrogen donor compound. The base oil may be a hydroisomerized isoparaffinic oil, and the hydrogen donor may be a substituted, or partially saturated aromatic compound. The resulting dielectric fluid exhibits negative hydrogen gassing properties along with good oxidative stability and low temperature performance.

Abstract: A magnetorheological fluid formulation exhibiting consistently high yield stress during use. The MR fluid comprises martensitic or ferritic stainless steel particles prepared by a controlled water or inert gas atomization process. The stainless steel particles are resistant to corrosion and oxidation, are generally smooth and spherical, and maintain their shape and size distribution throughout their use under an applied magnetic field.

Abstract: The present invention relates to slurry compositions for the chemical mechanical planarization (“CMP”) of tungsten. A non-metallic oxidizer in the form of periodic acid is used in combination with a mineral acid typically nitric acid, to maintain the pH of periodic acid at levels not leading to the precipitation of iodic acid salts. Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) is included in the CMP slurry which yields soft pad polishing rates of tungsten film removal of approximately 4,000 Å/min.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention provides a dielectric fluid for use in electrical equipment comprising a vegetable oil or vegetable oil blend. In another aspect the invention provides devices for generating and distributing electrical energy that incorporate a dielectric fluid comprising a vegetable oil or vegetable oil blend. Methods of retrofilling electrical equipment with vegetable oil based dielectric fluids also are provided.

Abstract: An electrical oil having reduced gassing tendency includes a major amount of a paraffinic or naphthenic basestock and a blend of certain hindered phenols, especially a blend of 2,6-di-t-butyl phenol and 2,6-di-t-butyl cresol. A further enhanced gassing tendency can be provided to the electrical oil by including a tolyltriazole derivative.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dielectric composition having improved gas absorption for electrical devices which comprises from 99% to 70% by weight of a mineral oil and from 1% to 30% by weight of at least one polyarylalkane composition.

Abstract: A vegetable oil-based electrically-insulating fluid. This fluid is environmentally-friendly and has a high flash point and a high fire point. The base oil is hydrogenated to produce maximum possible stability of the oil, or alternatively, is a higher oleic acid oil. The vegetable oils of the preferred embodiments are soybean or corn oils. The oil can be winterized to remove crystallized fats and improve the pour point of the base oil, without the necessity of heating the oil. The base oil can also be combined with an additive package containing materials specifically designed for improved pour point, improved cooling properties, and improved dielectric stability. The fluid is useful in electrical components such as transformers and transmission lines. The invention also provides methods for making the fluid and fluid-filled electrical components.

Abstract: A phosphate ester-based functional fluid composition that generates reduced levels of carboxylic acid during use by incorporating at least one acid scavenger selected from the epoxides of the invention. The phosphate ester-based functional fluids are particularly useful as hydraulic fluids.

Abstract: Electrical oils having improved uninhibited oxidation and electrical resistance are derived by blending a substantially nitrogen and sulfur free paraffinic or naphthenic base oil with a hydrofined light gas oil having a sulfur to nitrogen weight ratio of greater than 100:1 wherein the hydrofined light gas oil is added to the base oil in an amount sufficient to provide a blend having greater than about 0.03 wt % sulfur.

Abstract: High oleic acid triglyceride compositions that comprise fatty acid components of at least 75% oleic acid, less than 10% diunsaturated fatty acid component; less than 3% triunsaturated fatty acid component; and less than 8% saturated fatty acid component; and having the properties of a dielectric strength of at least 35 KV/100 mil gap, a dissipation factor of less than 0.05% at 25 NC., acidity of less than 0.03 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than 1 pS/m at 25 NC., a flash point of at least 250 NC. and a pour point of at least −15 NC. are disclosed. Electrical insulation fluids comprising the triglyceride composition are disclosed. Electrical insulation fluids that comprise the triglyceride composition and a combination of additives are disclosed. Electrical apparatuses comprising the electrical insulation fluids and the use of electrical insulation fluids to provide insulation in electrical apparatuses are disclosed.

Abstract: A high temperature heat transfer fluid is disclosed which comprises a mixture of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro(1-phenylethyl)naphthalene and an alkyl biphenyl to provide high temperature heat transfer fluids exhibiting favorable thermal stability.

Abstract: A thixotropic dielectric fluid that includes vegetable oil, transformer oil, and a clay material. The thixotropic dielectric fluid is particularly suited for use in a capacitor.

Abstract: A vegetable oil-based electrically-insulating fluid. This fluid is environmentally-friendly and has a high flash point and a high fire point. The base oil is hydrogenated to produce maximum possible stability of the oil, or alternatively, is a higher oleic acid oil. The vegetable oils of the preferred embodiments are soybean or corn oils. The oil can be winterized to remove crystallized fats and improve the pour point of the base oil, without the necessity of heating the oil. The base oil can also be combined with an additive package containing materials specifically designed for improved pour point, improved cooling properties, and improved dielectric stability. The fluid is useful in electrical components such as transformers and transmission lines. The invention also provides methods for making the fluid and fluid-filled electrical components.

Abstract: The invention relates to a crosslinkable impregnating dielectric composition comprising a polydiene polyol, a polyisocyanate and a chemically inert liquid filler, (an insulating liquid) characterized in that a sufficient amount of the said liquid filler is used in order to maintain a viscosity of less than 50 mPa s at the impregnation temperature for a period at least equal to 1 day and in order to obtain a tans at 20° C. and at 50 Hz, after complete crosslinking, of less than 0.02. The invention also relates to a process for preparing the said composition.

Abstract: A unique, fire resistant, environmentally safe insulating oil comprised of selected vegetable oils, fortified with additives to improve stability and low temperature viscosity characteristics. The electrical equipment comprises an oil-sealed tank, the insulating oil filling the tank, and electrical components such as a transformer, switch, or fuse immersed in the described oil. Also contemplated is a solid-liquid insulation system comprising porous insulating materials saturated with vegetable seed oil.

Abstract: A power-saving, highly-reversible optical device is provided. The transmittance through the device is well controlled within a visible ray range. The device has good spectral characteristics while shielded from light, and the electrodes in the device are prevented from being in overpotential condition. The device has a long life, and is protected from being discolored and deteriorated in cycle use. Also, an electrolytic solution to be used in the device is provided. The optical device comprises a solution as so put between working electrodes and a counter electrode that driving control of these electrodes brings about deposition or dissolution of silver. In this, the solution is prepared by dissolving a silver salt in a solvent, to which are added a supporting salt of an alkali metal halide such as LiBr or the like, and an alkanolamine, and optionally coumarin and a mercaptoalkylimidazole.

Abstract: An insulating material of high electrically insulating properties and high thermal conductivity is provided wherein the high thermal conductivity is attained by having a liquid crystal resin comprising a polymerization product of a resin composition containing a monomer which has a mesogen group.

Abstract: A soybean oil based electrically insulating fluid with a high flash point and a high fire point. The base oil is hydrogenated to produce maximum possible stability of the soybean oil, and can be winterized to remove crystallized fats and improve the pour point of the base oil without the necessity of heating the oil. The base oil can also be combined with an additive package containing materials specifically designed for improved pour point, improved cooling properties, and improved dielectric stability.

Abstract: A high temperature heat transfer fluid is disclosed which comprises a mixture of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro(1-phenylethyl)naphthalene and dibenzyl toluene to provide high temperature heat transfer fluids exhibiting favorable thermal stability.

Abstract: An environmentally prefered biobased soybean oil based electrically insulating fluid with a high flash point and a high fire point. The base oil is hydrogenated to produce maximum possible stability of the soybean oil, and can be winterized to remove crystallized fats and improve the pour point of the base oil without the necessity of heating the oil. The base oil can also be combined with an additive package containing materials specifically designed for improved pour point, improved cooling properties, and improved dielectric stability. The base oil is capable of conforming to the President's executive order 13101 of Sep. 14, 1998 for “Greening the Government Through Waste Prevention, Recycling, and Federal Acquisition.

Abstract: A thixotropic dielectric fluid that includes vegetable oil, transformer oil, and a clay material. The thixotropic dielectric fluid is particularly suited for use in a capacitor.

Abstract: Sealing body for a discharge lamp which consists of a functional gradient material in which one side is rich in dielectric component and the other side is rich in electrically conductive component, and which is sealed by a side tube which is connected to the arc tube of the discharge lamp and by its areas which are rich in a dielectric component, characterized in that in this sealing body an upholding part of an electrode with a tip provided with an electrode is shrink-fitted, and that furthermore on the outer peripheral surfaces of the areas of the sealing body which are rich in dielectric component, surfaces are formed which run obliquely with respect to the center axis of the above described discharge lamp so that the maximum width of the end face of the sealing body on the side of the emission space becomes smaller than the maximum width in one direction perpendicular to the axis of the sealing body and becomes greater than the diameter of the upholding part of the electrode.

Abstract: A biodegradable soybean oil based electrically insulating fluid. The base oil is hydrogenated to produce maximum possible stability of the soybean oil, and can be winterized to remove crystallized fats and improve the pour point of the base oil without the necessity of heating the oil. The base oil can also be combined with an additive package containing materials specifically designed for improved pour point, improved cooling properties, and improved dielectric stability.

Abstract: Heat transfer fluid compositions comprising (a) a terpene component, comprising at least one terpene; and (b) an alkylbenzene component, comprising at least one alkylbenzene; wherein the components are provided in an effective amount such that the 5resultant composition retains the liquid phase at temperatures in the range from about 0.degree. F. to below about -120.degree. F., preferably from about 0.degree. F. to about -175.degree. F.

Abstract: A biodegradable soybean oil based electrically insulating fluid. The base oil is hydrogenated to produce maximum possible stability of the soybean oil, and can be winterized to remove crystallized fats and improve the pour point of the base oil without the necessity of heating the oil. The base oil can also be combined with an additive package containing materials specifically designed for improved pour point, improved cooling properties, and improved dielectric stability.

Abstract: Stabilized pigment particles for use in electrophoretic display. Stabilization of the pigment particles is effected by covalently bonding the pigment to a polymeric stabilizer.

Abstract: A food grade, biodegradable dielectric composition and method for preparation thereof, comprising an unsaturated hydrocarbon alone, or in a blend with a food grade natural or synthetic hydrocarbon, which has been processed to remove polar contaminants and further including an antioxidant additive is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are sealant compositions and electrical connectors having excellent low temperature repairability and outstanding sealing ability at both high and low temperatures. The preferred connectors contain a sealant composition comprising an elastomeric thermoplastic polymer and an extender for said polymer, said extender constituting a major proportion by weight of said sealant composition and said polymer constituting a minor proportion by weight of said sealant composition, wherein said composition preferably has a low-temperature wire insertability of at least about 80 mm. Furthermore, the preferred compositions are both slump and spew resistant over the operating temperature range of the connector.

Abstract: This invention relates to laminated composite structure elements containing electrodes, flexible laminae which may also serve as electrodes, and an electrorheological fluid located between the flexible laminae. The rheological properties of the electrorheological fluid and its cohesive force with solid surfaces may be changed by applying an electric field, and the mechanical properties of the whole laminated composite structure may thereby be varied.

Abstract: A dielectric fluid for the machining of metal by spark erosion which contains saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons with a proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons which is lower than one percent in weight and to which an additive is added, wherein organic substances from the group of anthraquinone derivatives are added as the additive in a concentration of maximally one percent in weight.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a mixture of hydrocarbons having a well-defined chemical composition that is suitable for use as a dielectric coolant in electrical equipment in general, and specifically in transformers. The dielectric coolants of the present invention are particularly suited for use in sealed, non-vented transformers, and have improved performance characteristics, including decreased degradation of the paper insulating layers, as well as a greater degree of safety and environmental acceptability. The present dielectric coolants comprise relatively pure blends of compounds selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons, polyalphaolefins, polyol esters, and natural vegetable oils, along with additives to improve pour point, increase stability and reduce oxidation rate.

Abstract: The present invention are dielectric black particles for use in electrophoretic images displays, electrostatic toner or the like, and the corresponding method of manufacturing the same. The present invention black particles are latex particles formed by a polymerization technique, wherein the latex particles are stained to a high degree of blackness with a metal oxide.

Abstract: An electro-sensitive composition comprising a fluorine compound having a predetermined structure, and an electrically insulating medium capable of dissolving this fluorine compound when a voltage is applied thereto, is disclosed. This electro-sensitive composition has a straight chain or cyclic fluorocarbon, and fluorine compound particles possessing dissociable polarity, dispersed in an electrically insulating medium; by means of the application of a voltage to this electro-sensitive composition, the transparency and viscosity thereof can be easily adjusted.

Abstract: Novel dielectric liquids for such electrical components as transformers, capacitors and cables, especially adopted for low temperature applications, comprise immixtures of benzyltoluene, (methylbenzyl)toluene, benzylxylene and (methylbenzyl)xylene, and optionally include the benzyl or methylbenzyl derivatives thereof; these immixtures are facilely prepared by chlorinating a mixture of xylene and toluene and then adding a catalytically effective amount of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst to the medium of chlorination.

Abstract: A dielectric suspension for use in an electrophoretic image display, electrostatic printing or the like, comprising a suspension medium including a dense fluorinated solvent and a less dense hydrocarbon solvent, a plurality of pigment particles dispersed in the suspension medium, a fluid dye dissolved in the suspension medium for providing a contrast with the pigment particles, and a charge control agent adsorbed on the pigment particles for preventing the pigment particles from agglomerating.

Abstract: Novel dielectric liquids for such electrical components as transformers, capacitors and cables, especially adopted for low temperature applications, comprise a mixture of benzyltoluene and (methylbenzyl)xylene isomers, notably a mixture of benzyltoluene/dibenzyltoluene isomers with (methylbenzyl)xylene/di(methylbenzyl)xylene isomers.

Abstract: The invention provides a fiber optic cable and a diamondoid-based viscous filling material for a fiber optic cable.

Abstract: An electro-sensitive composition comprising a fluorine compound having a predetermined structure, and an electrically insulating medium capable of dissolving this fluorine compound when a voltage is applied thereto, is disclosed. This electro-sensitive composition has a straight chain or cyclic fluorocarbon, and fluorine compound particles possessing dissociable polarity, dispersed in an electrically insulating medium; by means of the application of a voltage to this electro-sensitive composition, the transparency and viscosity thereof can be easily adjusted.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrorheological liquid Which consists of an organic polymer as the polarizable disperse phase, an electrically non-conductive, non-aqueous continuous phase and a dispersing agent, and in which the disperse organic polymer has an average particle diameter of between 0.2 and 30 .mu.m and a relative half width value of the particle diameter distribution of below 0.8.

Abstract: Electrical insulating compositions of vinyl halide resins (PVC) are formulated to contain a polymeric metal aromatic polycarboxylate as an electrical insulating additive. For example, polymeric calcium terephthalate is used in minor amounts of about 0.2 to 0.5 phr PVC to provide an excellent insulating effect. Lead stabilizers may be avoided in the polymer compositions and, instead, nontoxic metal salt heat stabilizers such as calcium, barium, zinc, etc., may be used.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrophoretic suspension comprising a suspension medium including tetrachloroethylene, 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene and an aromatic solvent including either a mixture of phenyl xylyl ethanes or a mixture of mono and di-benzyl toluene. The suspension further comprises a plurality of pigment particles dispersed in the suspension medium; a fluid dye dissolved in the suspension medium for providing a contrast with the pigment particles; and a charge control agent adsorbed on the pigment particles for preventing the pigment particles from agglomerating.

Abstract: Heat is transferred in a thermodynamic system with a heat transfer medium which is at least one fluid of formula I and/or II, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is ethyl or hydrogen, R.sub.2 is ethyl, R.sub.3 is methyl and R.sub.4 is a benzyl radical.

Abstract: Electroviscous fluid according to the present invention is used for vibration control machines and devices such as variable damper, engine mount, bearing damper, clutch, valve, shock absorber, precision machine, accoustic machine, etc. and for display element. It has high electroviscous effect and wider application temperature range, and the electroviscous effect is stable.

Abstract: Disclosed are sealant compositions having excellent slump and spew resistance, even at relatively high operating temperatures for electrical connectors. The sealants, which are flowable at such elevated temperatures, comprise two essential components: elastomeric thermoplastic polymer, preferably an organic polymer composite comprising diblock and triblock copolymers, and extender for the polymer. The extender may comprise a primary and a secondary extender, such as polybutene oil and mineral oil, respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed are moisture and temperature resistant electrical connectors for sealingly connecting transmission means and sealant compositions adapted for use in such connectors, the sealants comprising (i) elastomeric thermoplastic polymer; (ii) extender for said elastomeric thermoplastic polymer; and (iii) cross-linked polymer. The cross-linked polymer is preferably cross-linked in the presence of said elastomeric thermoplastic polymer and is preferably a silicon-based cross-linked polymer.

Abstract: A cutting and machining fluid applicable to both cutting and electrical discharge machining. This cutting and machining fluid comprises a water-soluble organic compound that shows an electrical resistivity of not less than 10,000 .OMEGA..cm when it is contained in deionized water having an electrical resistivity of not less than 1,000,000 .OMEGA..cm, in a concentration of from 1 to 10 % by weight, a nonionic surface active agent, or a mixture of these. The organic compound is selected from the group of ethylene glycols, propylene glycols, glycol monoethers, and polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters.

Abstract: An electric discharge machine fluid has been discovered. The fluid comprises a naphthene oil and 0.15 to 0.50 wt % 1,6-hexamethylene bis(3,5-ditertiarybutyl-4-hydroxycinnamate). The fluid was found to increase the breakdown voltage of the fluid and to stabilize oxidative deterioration.

Abstract: A grating (22) of narrow parallel ridges (24) is formed in the surface (26) of a substrate (20) made of a hard material such as silicon dioxide. Metal (40) is deposited onto the grating (22) perpendicular to the ridges (24) at an angle of approximately 45.degree. to the surface (26) of the grating such that the metal (40) is deposited onto the top (24a) and one of the sides (24b) of the each of the ridges (24) to form generally L-shaped metal strips (12') thereon. The metal strips (12') are cut at periodic intervals along the ridges (24) to produce anisometric metal needles (12). The substrate (20) is immersed in a dielectric fluid (14), and ultrasonic energy is applied to cause the needles (12) to release from the substrate (20) into suspension in the fluid (14). The L-shape of the needles (12) makes them resistant to bending. The suspension ( 10) has birefringent properties similar to liquid crystals, but may be electrically switched at much higher speed.