Abstract: Refrigerant compositions are provided which include: (a) pentafluoroethane or trifluoromethoxydifluoromethane or hexafluorocyclopropane or mixtures thereof, in an amount from about 60 to about 70% by weight based on the weight of the composition; (b) 1,1,1,2- or 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane or trifluoromethoxypentafluoroethane or 1,1,1,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane or mixtures thereof, in an amount from about 26 to 36% by weight based on the weight of the composition; and (c) an ethylenically unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon, optionally containing one or more oxygen atoms, having a boiling point from ?12° C. to +10° C., or a mixture thereof, or a mixture of one or more of the hydrocarbons with one or more other hydrocarbons or ethers, said mixture having a bubble point from ?12° C. to +10° C., in an amount from about 1% to 4% by weight based on the weight of the composition.

Abstract: This invention is a composition that includes a transesterified fatty acid ester resulting from the reaction of a fatty acid ester, in the presence of an acid, with a hydroxyl-containing compound. The fatty acid esters of the invention are selected from those with a carbon number of eight to twenty. The hydroxyl-containing compound is an alcohol having a carbon number between one and eighteen. The resulting composition is useful as a lubricant, as a heat transfer agent, as a rheological modifier and as a corrosion/moisture inhibitor, among other uses.

Abstract: A liquid phase process is disclosed for producing halogenated alkane adducts of the formula CAR1R2CBR3R4 (where A, B, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are as defined in the specification) which involves contacting a corresponding halogenated alkane, AB, with a corresponding olefin, CR1R2?CR3R4 in a dinitrile or cyclic carbonate ester solvent which divides the reaction mixture into two liquid phases and in the presence of a catalyst system containing (i) at least one catalyst selected from monovalent and divalent copper; and optionally (ii) a promoter selected from aromatic or aliphatic heterocyclic compounds which contain at least one carbon-nitrogen double bond in the heterocyclic ring. When hydrochlorofluorocarbons are formed, the chlorine content may be reduced by reacting the hydrochlorofluorocarbons with HF. New compounds disclosed include CF3CF2CCl2CH2CCl3, CF3CCl2CH2CH2Cl and CF3CCl2CH2CHClF. These compounds are useful as intermediates for producing hydrofluorocarbons.

Abstract: Disclosed are heat transfer fluids which possess a highly desirable and unexpectedly superior combination of properties, and heat transfer systems and methods based on these fluids. The heat transfer fluid comprise from about 30 to about 70 percent, on a molar basis, of carbon dioxide (CO2) and from about 30 to about 70 percent, on a molar basis, of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), preferably HFC having one to two carbon atoms, and even more preferably difluoromethane (HFC-32). The preferred fluids of the present invention have a vapor pressure of at least about 100 psia at 40° F. and are also preferably not azeotropic.

Abstract: Refrigerant compositions are disclosed which comprise: (a) pentafluoroethane, octafluoropropane, trifluoromethoxydifluoromethane or hexafluoro-cyclopropane, or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of at least about 35% based on the weight of the composition, (b) 1,1,1,2- or 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, trifluoromethoxypentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of at least about 30% by weight based on the weight of the composition and (c) n-butane, in an amount from about 2.3 to about 4% by weight based on the weight of the composition.

Abstract: A rare earth metal oxysulfide represented by a general formula R2O2S (R denotes one kind or two or more kinds of rare earth elements to be selected from a group of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, as wells as Y) is formed into spherical granules. The mean particle size of the granules is 0.05–1 mm and their relative density is 96% or over. The granules are used as a regenerative material at the liquid helium temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxybutane refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions further comprising and a fluoroether compound, which are useful in refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus or as heat transfer fluids. The compositions of the present invention are also useful in centrifugal compressor apparatus that employ two-stage compressors or single slab/single pass heat exchangers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems comprising 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxybutane and at least one hydrocarbon. Further, the present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems employing a centrifugal compressor comprising 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxybutane at least one hydrocarbon. The compositions of the present invention may be azeotropic or near-azeotropic and are useful in processes for producing cooling or heat or as heat transfer fluids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to refrigerant compositions comprising a fluorocarbon, an oxygenated lubricant, a non-oxygenated lubricant, and a compatibilizer.

Abstract: The use of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (R365mfc) as refrigerant in turbocompressor cooling systems, which, due to their construction, can achieve high outputs with a small space and material requirement. Such systems used in high-performance commercial and industrial refrigeration units.

Abstract: Disclosed here in are refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions comprising C4F9OC2H5 compositions and at least one hydrofluoroether, which are useful in refrigerain or air conditioning apparatus or as heat transfer fluids. The compositions of the present invention are also useful in centrifugal compressor apparatus that employ two-stage compressors or single slab single pass heat exchangers.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are 1-ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions further comprising at least one hydrofluorocarbon, which are useful in refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus or as heat transfer fluids. The compositions of the present invention are also useful in centrifugal compressor apparatus that employ two-stage or other multi-stage centrifugal compressors or single slab single pass heat exchangers.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions further comprising fluoroether, which are useful in refrigerain or air conditioning apparatus or as heat transfer fluids. The compositions of the present invention are also useful in centrifugal compressor apparatus that employ two-stage compressors or single slab single pass heat exchangers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems comprising 1-ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane and at least one hydrocarbon. Further, the present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems employing a centrifugal compressor comprising 1-ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane and at least one hydrocarbon. The compositions of the present invention may be azeotropic or near-azeotropic and are useful in processes for producing cooling or heat or as heat transfer fluids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the discovery of compositions which include fluoroethane, 2-fluoropropane or tert-butylfluoride. These compositions are useful as pure components or with at least one of tetrafluoroethane, difluoroethane, hexafluoropropane, a hydrocarbon or dimethylether. These compositions are useful as aerosol propellants, refrigerants, cleaning agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, refrigerants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents, and displacement drying agents.

Abstract: Compositions comprising 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and more than 5% by weight of at least one non-flammable fluoro compound, and use thereof.

Abstract: A lubricant composition for use in a rotary vane compressor has a base oil component that comprises an alkylbenzene as a major component thereof and a polyol ester as a minor component thereof. In particular, the base oil component comprises at least 55% by weight of alkylbenzene and at most 45% by weight of a polyol ester, more preferably between 55% and 75% by weight of alkylbenzene and between 45% and 25% by weight of polyol ester and, especially, between 60% and 75% by weight of alkyl benzene and between 45% and 25% by weight of polyol ester.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions comprising pentafluoropropane, a second component selected from the group consisting of decafluoropropane, perfluorobutyl methyl ether and combinations of these, and a third component selected from the group consisting of methanol, 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene and combinations of these. The present invention further provides for refrigerants, blowing agents, foam compositions, polyol premixes, closed-cell foams, sprayable compositions, and the like, comprising the present compositions.

Abstract: A process for producing a carbon foam heat sink is disclosed which obviates the need for conventional oxidative stabilization. The process employs mesophase or isotropic pitch and a simplified process using a single mold. The foam has a relatively uniform distribution of pore sizes and a highly aligned graphic structure in the struts. The foam material can be made into a composite which is useful in high temperature sandwich panels for both thermal and structural applications. The foam is encased and filled with a phase change material to provide a very efficient heat sink device.

Abstract: A process for producing a carbon foam heat sink is disclosed which obviates the need for conventional oxidative stabilization. The process employs mesophase or isotropic pitch and a simplified process using a single mold. The foam has a relatively uniform distribution of pore sizes and a highly aligned graphic structure in the struts. The foam material can be made into a composite which is useful in high temperature sandwich panels for both thermal and structural applications. The foam is encased and filled with a phase change material to provide a very efficient heat sink device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are refrigerant and heat transfer fluid compositions comprising 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone and at least one hydrofluorocarbon for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems employing a centrifugal compressor. The compositions may be azeotropic or near-azeotropic.

Abstract: Foam blowing agent blends containing trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and one or more hydrofluorocarbons are provided, as are foam compositions containing such blends. The resulting foams exhibit dramatic improvement in fire performance.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions of cyclopentane, and a compound selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroethers, or fluorinated sulfur compounds. Specifically these compounds may be selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethane, hexafluoropropane, pentafluoropropane, tetrafluoropropane, trifluoropropane, difluoropropane, octafluorobutane, hexafluorobutane, pentafluorobutane, nonafluorobutane, difluorobutane, trifluoro-2-methoxyethane and bis(pentafluoroethyl)sulfide. The compositions, which may be azeotropic or azeotrope-like, may be used as refrigerants, cleaning agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, aerosol propellants, refrigerants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents or displacement drying agents.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed for preventing and repairing leaks, and lubricating gaskets and o-rings, preferably for use in a motor vehicle air conditioning system. The composition preferably includes a fluorocarbon resin mixed a dye. Mineral oil for R-12 refrigerant systems or ester oil for R-134a refrigerant systems can also be added to the mixture. The composition is preferably installed with an air conditioning oil injector through the low pressure side service port of the air conditioning system. When using the product, it is not required to evacuate the air conditioning system. The oil injector containing the composition is connected to the low pressure side service port, the motor vehicle engine is started, the air conditioning system is set to maximum cooling and the system recharged with either R-12 or R-134a refrigerant. The relevant leaks are sealed by composition which also lubricates rubber parts of the air conditioning system.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus comprising a device and a mechanism for heat transfer comprising a hydrofluoroether heat-transfer fluid wherein the heat transfer fluid is represented by the following structure: Rf—O—Rh—O—Rf? wherein: O is oxygen; Rf and Rf? are, independently, a fluoroaliphatic group, wherein each Rf and Rf? contain 1 hydrogen atom; Rh is independently a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene group having from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms and at least 4 hydrogen atoms, and wherein the hydrofluoroether compound is free of —O—CH2—O—. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method therefor.

Abstract: Provided are azeotrope-like compositions comprising tetrafluoropropene and pentafluoropropene and uses thereof, including use in refrigerant compositions, refrigeration systems, blowing agent compositions, and aerosol propellants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems comprising 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone and at least one chlorocarbon, alcohol, ketone, ether, ester, N-(difluoromethyl)-N,N-dimethylamine, 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-2-[(pentafluoroethyl)thio]ethane or mixtures thereof, and which are also useful in systems employing a centrifugal compressor The compositions of the present invention may be azeotropic or near azeotropic and are useful in processes for producing refrigeration or heat or as heat transfer fluids.

Abstract: An apparatus for optimizing an efficiency of a refrigeration system, comprising means for measuring a refrigeration efficiency of an operating refrigeration system: means for altering a process variable of the refrigeration system during efficiency measurement: and a processor for calculating a process variable level which achieves an optimum efficiency. The process variables may include refrigerant charge and refrigerant oil concentration in evaporator.

Abstract: A magnetocaloric effect heterostructure having a core layer of a magnetostructural material with a giant magnetocaloric effect having a magnetic transition temperature equal to or greater than 150 K, and a constricting material layer coated on at least one surface of the magnetocaloric material core layer. The constricting material layer may enhance the magnetocaloric effect by restriction of volume changes of the core layer during application of a magnetic field to the heterostructure. A magnetocaloric effect heterostructure powder comprising a plurality of core particles of a magnetostructural material with a giant magnetocaloric effect having a magnetic transition temperature equal to or greater than 150 K, wherein each of the core particles is encapsulated within a coating of a constricting material is also disclosed.

Abstract: The magnetic material for magnetic refrigeration of the present invention is characterized by exhibiting, in a certain temperature region, preferably, only in part of a temperature region from 200 K to 350 K, an inflection point at which a second order differential coefficient of a magnetization curve changes from positive to negative with respect to a magnetic field, within the range of this magnetic field formed using a permanent magnet unit. This magnetic material of the present invention can generate a low temperature by using a relatively low magnetic field, by transferring the entropy between the electron spin system and the lattice system near the temperature at which an inflection point appears on the magnetization curve. Examples of the magnetic material meeting this condition are La(Fe,Si)13, (Hf,Ta)Fe2, (Ti,Sc)Fe2, and (Nb,Mo)Fe2, each containing 50 to 60 atomic % of transition metals such as Fe.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are refrigerant and heat transfer fluid compositions comprising 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone and at least one hydrocarbon. These compositions are useful in refrigeration and air conditioning systems that employ a centrifugal compressor. Also disclosed herein are azeotropic or near azeotropic refrigerant and heat transfer fluid compositions comprising 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone and at least one hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A material that can be used for magnetic refrigeration, wherein the material substantially has the general formula (AYB1?y)2+?C1?xDx) wherein A is selected from Mn and Co; B is selected from Fe and Cr; C and D are different and are selected from P, As, B, Se, Ge, Si and Sb; x and y each is a number in the range 0–1; and ? is a number from (?0.1)–(+0.1).

Abstract: A fluid composition for a refrigerator, which comprises a chlorine-free fluorocarbon refrigerant and a refrigerator oil, said refrigerator oil consisting essentially of a tetraester of pentaerythritol of formula (1) with both 2-ethylhexanoic acid and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, said refrigerator oil exhibiting a pour point not higher than ?10° C.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions further comprising fluoroether, which are useful in refrigerain or air conditioning apparatus or as heat transfer fluids. The compositions of the present invention are also useful in centrifugal compressor apparatus that employ two-stage compressors or single slab.single pass heat exchangers.

Abstract: A multi-type refrigerator is capable of achieving a high coefficient of performance (COP) while using R32 as refrigerant and that takes account of energy saving and global warming. Refrigerating cycles are executed by circulation of R32 as refrigerant through a refrigerant circuit including one outdoor unit having a compressor, a condenser, and expansion means and a plurality of indoor units having evaporators. A filling quantity of R32 for the refrigerant circuit is set in a range from 120 to 300 g/kW (refrigerating capacity). The filling quantity of R32 for the refrigerant circuit is set in a range from 84 to 300 g/L (internal volume of the condenser).

Abstract: Compositions comprising 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and more than 5% by weight of at least one non-flammable fluoro compound, and use thereof.

Abstract: A refrigerator oil for use in compressors using therein a hydrogen-containing halogenocarbon as a refrigerant, consisting essentially of as a base oil at least one kind of an ester selected from the group consisting of a specific pentaerythritol ester such as an ester of pentaerythritol with a mono- or dicarboxylic acid, a specific polyol ester such as an ester of trimethylolethane with a mono- or dicarboxylic acid, a specific ester such as an ester of ethylene glycol and a dicarboxylic acid, and a specific polyol ester synthesized from a neopentyl type polyhydric alcohol, a monocarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic acid; and further comprising at least one kind of an epoxy compound.

Abstract: A refrigerant comprising: a hydrofluorocarbon component comprising a mixture of: R134a, R227ea and optionally R125, and not more than 6.5% of a hydrocarbon component; wherein the amount of R227ea and R125 if present, is at least 35% of the hydrofluorocarbon component.

Abstract: To prevent heat transfer inhibition and an increase in pressure loss due to refrigerating machine oil discharged into a cycle, and to provide a compact and highly efficient refrigerating cycle apparatus using carbon dioxide gas (CO2).

Abstract: The present invention relates to refrigerants generally, and more specifically to nonflammable, nonozone depleting, mixtures of refrigerants that may be substituted for HCFC-22, R-407C, R-417A, R-502, R-500, CFC-12, R-404A, HFC-134a, and others, and is usable in mineral oil systems. Among the most preferred embodiments of the present invention are mixtures that are substitutes for these refrigerants, comprising about 1 to 85 weight percent R-125, and about 1 to 80 weight percent R-134a, and about 0 to 12 weight percent of R-1270, R-290 or a mixture thereof, and about 1 to 15 weight percent R-E170 and about 0 to 20 weight percent R-227ea, with the weight percentages of the components being weight percentages of the overall mixture.

Abstract: Provided are compositions comprising HFC-245fa and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene which exhibit relatively high solubility with conventional hydrocarbon lubricants, non-flammability, and relatively constant boiling points. Also provided are uses of such compositions.

Abstract: The development of an alternate refrigerant composition which is free from a possibility of causing depletion of the ozone layer and capable of maintaining the performance of a conventional refrigerating circuit without modifying the circuit is desired. An object of the present invention is to provide such a refrigerant composition and a refrigerating circuit using the refrigerant composition. A refrigerant composition of the present invention comprises R245fa (CF3CH2CHF2), R125 (CHF2CF3), R508A (R23/R116:39/61) and R14 (tetrafluoromethane: CF4). Thus, the refrigerant composition has no possibility of causing depletion of the ozone layer. Further, since the composition is noncombustible, possible combustion can be prevented even if it leaks.

Abstract: A dimethylpolysiloxane composition comprising at least two dimethylpolysiloxanes selected from dimethylpolysiloxanes represented by formula (1) or formula (2), wherein m is an integer with 0?m?10 and n is an integer with 3?n?10, one of said at least two dimethylpolysiloxanes is dodecamethylpentasiloxane contained in an amount of 15 to 95 wt % based on a total weight of the composition, and the composition has a moisture content of at most 50 ppm based on the total weight of the composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the discovery of compositions which include fluoroethane, 2-fluoropropane or tert-butylfluoride. These compositions are useful as pure components or with at least one of tetrafluoroethane, difluoroethane, hexafluoropropane, a hydrocarbon or dimethylether. These compositions are useful as aerosol propellants, refrigerants, cleaning agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, refrigerants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents, and displacement drying agents.

Abstract: Rigid polyurethane blowing agent enhancers, methods for using them, and the products produced by these methods are disclosed. The enhancers are low molecular weight alcohols and/or ethers that assist the action of blowing agents comprising a hydrohalocarbon compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water-based biodegradable and non-toxic functional fluid for mechanical drives, preferably for use in steam engines. The object of providing such functional fluids for use in mechanical drives, particularly for the hydrodynamic lubrication of plain bearings, preferably for crankshafts of superheated steam engines, having customary bearing play which is not overly precise, is achieved. It should be capable of being used in closed power plant systems also at sump temperatures higher than 120° C., e.g. in the crankcase under a crank shaft, and should be water-based or water-dilutable. According to the invention, this is achieved by addition of a low percentage of polyaspartic acid to water or to water/glycol mixtures, preferably polyaspartic acid having a molar mass of from greater than 1,000 to 10,000 g/mol being used.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions that include at least one fluoroether and at least one hydrofluorocarbon. Included in this invention are compositions of a cyclic or acyclic hydrofluoroether of the formula CaFbH2a+2?bOc wherein a=2 or 3 and 3?b?8 and c=1 or 2 and a hydrofluorocarbon of the formula CnFmH2n+2?m wherein 1?n?4 and 1?m?8. Such compositions may be used as refrigerants, cleaning agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents, and displacement drying agents.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon composition prepared by combining methane, ethane, isopentane, normal pentane, hexane and heptane at an appropriate compounding ratio contains 75% or more by volume of propane, isobutane and normal butane, to have ignition temperature of 800° C. and above. This composition is safe and economical in using as a refrigerant for use in air conditioners and refrigerators or a detergent for cleansing precision components such as semiconductor chips. The composition can be used independently without being combined with a conventional refrigerant such as CFC and HFC and does not destroy ozone, thus to contribute to the protection of the environment.

Abstract: The invention relates to azeotropic and azeotrope-like mixtures of 1-chloro-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropane (HCFC-244fa) and hydrogen fluoride, which are useful as intermediates in the production of HCFC-244fa.

Abstract: The present invention relates to refrigerant compositions comprising a fluorocarbon, an oxygenated lubricant, a non-oxygenated lubricant, and a compatibilizer. The present invention further relates to methods for replacing a chlorofluorocarbon and/or hydrochlorofluorocarbon and a non-oxygenated lubricant composition with a fluorocarbon and an oxygenated lubricant composition in a compression refrigeration system without flushing residual non-oxygenated lubricant from the system.