Abstract: This invention is directed to coolant compositions, particularly coolant compositions useful in fuel cells, and to fuel cells containing such coolant compositions. The coolant compositions or heat transfer fluids of this invention have and retain low electrical conductivity through extended periods of use. These coolants or heat transfer fluids are composed of a base composition and an additive package which imparts the property of retaining low electrical conductivity for extended periods of time. The base composition can be de-ionized water (DI water) alone or a mixture of DI water and a freezing point depressant of the types well-known in the art (e.g., propylene glycol). The additive package contains an organic corrosion inhibitor and a polymeric ion suppressant. The use of both components of the additive package is important.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing temperature-sensitive polymers utilizing a heat transfer fluid comprising a hydrocarbon fluid selected from aliphatic hydrocarbons, alicyclic hydrocarbons, aliphatic- or alicyclic-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons, or mixtures thereof, the hydrocarbon fluid having a boiling point from 220° C. to 250° C. and a melting point less than 40° C., and temperature-sensitive polymer articles produced therefrom.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water-based biodegradable and non-toxic functional fluid for mechanical drives, preferably for use in steam engines. The object of providing such functional fluids for use in mechanical drives, particularly for the hydrodynamic lubrication of plain bearings, preferably for crankshafts of superheated steam engines, having customary bearing play which is not overly precise, is achieved. It should be capable of being used in closed power plant systems also at sump temperatures higher than 120° C., e.g. in the crankcase under a crank shaft, and should be water-based or water-dilutable. According to the invention, this is achieved by addition of a low percentage of polyaspartic acid to water or to water/glycol mixtures, preferably polyaspartic acid having a molar mass of from greater than 1 000 to 10 000 g/mol being used.

Abstract: Carboxylate salts of amines are used as components of heat exchange fluids. The amines may have a ratio of N to C of 1:0 to 1:12 and the carboxylate anion may be derived from an acid of the formula H(CH2)0-3COOH. A preferred monoamine heat exchange fluid utilizes triethanolamine formate. Lower carboxylate salts of diamines and triamines having the formula R2[N[(CH2)mNR]1-2]R where each R is independently selected from moieties of the formula —CnH2n+1 and moieties of the formula H[O(CH2)1-4]—, each m is independently a number from 1 to 6, and each n is a number from 1 to 4, are disclosed as compounds.

Abstract: High oleic acid triglyceride compositions that comprise fatty acid components of at least 75% oleic acid, less than 10% diunsaturated fatty acid component; less than 3% triunsaturated fatty acid component; and less than 8% saturated fatty acid component; and having the properties of a dielectric strength of at least 35 KV/100 mil gap, a dissipation factor of less than 0.05% at 25NC, acidity of less than 0.03 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than 1 pS/m at 25NC, a flash point of at least 250NC and a pour point of at least ?15NC are disclosed. Electrical insulation fluids comprising the triglyceride composition are disclosed. Electrical insulation fluids that comprise the triglyceride composition and a combination of additives are disclosed. Electrical apparatuses comprising the electrical insulation fluids and the use of electrical insulation fluids to provide insulation in electrical apparatuses are disclosed. A process for preparing the high oleic acid triglyceride composition is disclosed.

Abstract: Cyclic oligomers derivable from the copolymerization of isobutylene and isoprene can be hydrogenated to form 1-(2,2,4-trimethylpentyl)-2-isopropyl-3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexane and related compounds, which are useful in lubricants such as a traction fluids.

Abstract: A phosphate ester-based functional fluid composition that generates reduced levels of carboxylic acid during use by incorporating at least one acid scavenger selected from the epoxides of the invention. The phosphate ester-based functional fluids are particularly useful as hydraulic fluids.

Abstract: The invention concerns a heat transfer fluid comprising a monobenzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene or a mixture of mono-and polybenzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene and/or a mixture of partly hydrogenated polyphenyls and at least a polyphenylmethane composition.

Abstract: In an electro-rheological composition comprising an electrical insulating medium and solid particles dispersed therein, insulating solid particles possessed of morphological anisotropy are used as the solid particles. In a preferred embodiment, the insulating solid particles mentioned above are plate-like insulating solid particles, preferably plate-like insulating solid particles having a diameter (particle diameter) not less than 1 ?m, more preferably plate-like aluminum oxide particles having a diameter not less than 1 ?m. In another preferred embodiment, the insulating solid particles which have undergone a surface treatment with organic molecules or a semiconducting inorganic material, particularly the insulating solid particles having a metal oxide such as tin oxide and titanium oxide adhered to the surfaces thereof are used as the particles. Still another preferred embodiment is the ER composition of which electrical insulating medium is gelled.

Abstract: Disclosed are ester-containing fluid compositions, methods of making such compositions, and methods of using such compositions. The fluid compositions comprise a mix of branched and linear ester compounds, and the fluid compositions are characterized by certain performance limitations. The preferred method of making the fluid compositions enables the ester mix to be made in a one step process with little finishing required to obtain desirable performance characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an aqueous phenolates-containing liquid formulation having a solidification point of less than or equal to ?10° C. which is characterized by comprising the following components: a) 50–80% by wt. of one or more phenolates; b) 0.1–10% by wt. of at least one crystallization inhibitor; and water and optionally other components forming the balance.

Abstract: A method for the mechanical working of metals and alloys which comprises conducting the mechanical working in the presence of an aqueous cooling lubricant having a pH of 6-10 and containing a phosphate ester of the formula R1(oxyalkylene)nOP(O)(X)(OH)??(I), or (HO)2(O)P-(oxyalkylene)mOP(O)(OH)2??(II), where R1 is an alkyl group with 1-12 carbon atoms, oxyalkylene is a group containing 2-4 carbon atoms, n is a number from 1-20, X is hydroxyl, R1O or R1(oxyalkylene)nO, where R1, oxyalkylene and n have the meanings mentioned above, and m is a number from 4-40, or a salt thereof, and an alkenyl substituted succinic acid of the formula HOOCCH(R2)CH2COOH??(III), where R2 is an alkenyl group with 4-10 carbon atoms, or a salt thereof, or a mixture of any of the compounds I, II and III.

Abstract: The present invention relates to formulations for corrosion-inhibiting, emulsifying, lubricating or as a surfactant in organic hydrocarbon and/or water based system containing an acyl amino acid derivative and a triazole derivative.

Abstract: A heat transfer fluid composition and process employing composite mixtures of terpenes and silicones useful for heat transfer processes in a temperature range down to ?200° F., where the fluid heat transfer composition retains its liquid phase over the entire temperature range.

Abstract: In general this invention relates to an antifreeze composition that can be used in the cooling systems of internal combustion engines, for example, in heavy-duty diesel engines, light duty trucks and cars. The antifreeze composition can be added to water or other suitable liquid coolant in the cooling system, to lower the freezing point temperature of the coolant and inhibit corrosion of metallic components associated with the cooling system. The antifreeze composition is particularly well suited, although not exclusively, for use with hard water. The antifreeze composition includes an organic acid component comprising adipic acid and at least one of benzoic acid and one or more C9-C12 dicarboxylic acid—or salts of these acids. The antifreeze composition also includes other anti-corrosive additive, for example, molybdate, nitrite, nitrate silicate azoles and a variety of buffer agents.

Abstract: This is a superconducting heat transfer medium which may be placed in a a conduit to rapidly and efficiently transfer heat.

Abstract: A heat-softening heat-radiation sheet including a polyolefin-based heat-conductive composition which comprises a polyolefin and a heat-conductive filler, has a softening point of 40° C. or above, has a thermal conductivity of 1.0 W/mK or higher, has a viscosity at 80° C. of from 1×102 to 1×105 Pa·s and has a plasticity at 25° C. in the range of from 100 to 700. This heat-radiation sheet which is in the form of a solid sheet at room temperature, can readily be attached to or detached from electronic components and a heat sink, is capable of softening by the heat generated during operation of electronic components, to have the interfacial contact thermal resistance at a negligible level, and has a superior heat-radiation performance.

Abstract: The invention concerns compositions comprising a mixture of mono- and polybenzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenes. The invention also concerns said compositions or a mixture of monobenzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene isomers as heat transfer fluid. Said compositions or the mixture of monobenzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene isomers are obtained by the action of benzyl chloride on 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene in the presence of FeCl3.

Abstract: The present invention relates to antifreeze concentrates comprising a) from 0.05 to 10% by weight of one or more sulfonated or sulfated polyglycols of the formula R—(O)l-(A-O)m—(CH2)k—SO3X in which A is C2- to C4-alkylene, R is H, C1- to C10-alkyl, C2- to C20-alkenyl or C6- to C18-aryl, X is H, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, k is a number from 0 to 10, l is 0 or 1, m is a number from 1 to 200, b) from 0.05 to 5% by weight of one or more carbamates of the formula in which X is O or S, R is C1- to C8-alkyl or C6- to C18-aryl, or a corresponding ammonium salt, c) from 0.05 to 5% by weight of an aliphatic or aromatic amine, d) from 0.01 to 1% by weight of a hydrocarbon-triazole, e) alkylene glycols to 100% by weight.

Abstract: An improved, more durable heat conductive composition for transferring heat from a heat-dissipating component to a heat dissipater and method of producing the same. The composition preferably comprises a base consisting of paraffin and, optionally, paraffin and petrolatun having electrically-conductive particles suspended therein, which preferably include graphite diamond, or elemental metals such as silver. In the preferred embodiment, the composition further includes a resin polymer to increase durability. The composition is formulated to be solid in the range of normal room temperatures, but liquify once subjected to temperatures just below the range at which heat generating electronic semi conductor devices typically operate. The present invention further comprises processes for packaging the compositions of the present invention, as well as applying the heat conductive composition to an interface between a heat-dissipating component and a heat sink.

Abstract: A heat transfer composition and methods for using same to transfer heat in a transformer. In one embodiment, a heat transfer composition has soy-based oil, an additive comprising a nano-particle size diamond powder characterized by a first mass, and a chemical agent characterized by a second mass, wherein the ratio of the second mass to the first mass is greater than one.

Abstract: There is described an electrorheological fluid comprising particles of a composite material suspended in an electrically insulating hydrophobic liquid. The composite particles are metal salts of the form M1xM22-2xTiO(C2O4)2 where M1 is selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca and wherein M2 is selected from the group consisting of Rb, Li, Na and K, and the composite particles further include a promoter selected from the group consisting of urea, butyramide and acetamide.

Abstract: An ice thermal storage medium comprises water and a water-soluble additive, in which an amount of the additive is 1-8% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention provides deicing compositions which are environmentally benign, a process for producing the composition from certain waste process streams, and methods of deicing and/or anti-icing.

Abstract: The present invention is a fuel cell stack coolant composition, which maintains the electrical conductivity of coolant low and provides self identification by tint. The coolant composition provides those properties even when a cation or anion exchanger is provided where the coolant is used. The coolant composition includes a base material and a dye which maintains the electrical conductivity of coolant at 10 &mgr;S/cm or lower at 25° C. or a dye which can pass through a cation or anion exchanger.

Abstract: Antifreeze concentrates based on alkylene glycols or derivatives thereof or on glycerol, comprising from 0.0005 to 0.1% by weight of the dye C.I. Reactive Violet 5 (Color Index No. 18097), based on the total amount of the concentrate.

Abstract: A nontoxic fuel cell engine coolant which has an electrical resistivity of greater than 250 kOhm-cm, a boiling point of greater than 90° C., a freezing point of less than −40° C., a thermal conductivity of greater than 0.4 W/m-k, a viscosity of less than 1 cPs at 80° C., a viscosity of less than 6 cPs at 0° C., a heat capacity of greater than 3 kJ/kg-K, and which is compatible with current cooling system materials.

Abstract: A fabric coating composition with latent heat effects and a method for fabricating the same are provided. The composition at least includes 1 part of the polymer binder, the hydrophilic microcapsule aqueous solution and the thickener, wherein the hydrophilic microcapsule aqueous solution contains 1 to 40 parts of microcapsules and the weight percentage of the thickener is about between about 2% and 12% based on the weight of the microcapsules. The water percentage of the composition is about between about 30% and 70%. The method for fabricating the composition comprises mixing the polymer binder, the hydrophilic microcapsule aqueous solution and thickener together and then stirring the composition mixture until the viscosity of the composition exceeding 6000 cps. The solution is allowed to set for between about 6 minutes and 10 hours, prior to application in fabric coating.

Abstract: A new additive for water based metal cutting and grinding coolant comprises a combination of soybean oil and surfactant, the surfactant being a nonoxynol or alcohol based detergent that is biodegradable. The proportion of soybean oil to surfactant is adjusted for metal cutting or grinding and the proportion of additive to water is also adjusted for metal cutting or grinding. A small amount of bacteriocide may be added to the additive to avoid rancidity.

Abstract: Antifreeze concentrates are based on a mixture of at least two different C3- to C16-dicarboxylic acids, molybdate and a mixture of at least two different triazoles or thiazoles.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing temperature-sensitive polymers utilizing a heat transfer fluid comprising a hydrocarbon fluid selected from aliphatic hydrocarbons, alicyclic hydrocarbons, aliphatic- or alicyclic-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons, or mixtures thereof, the hydrocarbon fluid having a boiling point from 220° C. to 250° C. and a melting point less than 40° C., and temperature-sensitive polymer articles produced therefrom.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of temperature-sensitive polymers having generally a melting point in the range of from 230° C. to 248° C. with the aid of a binary heat transfer fluid containing defined ranges of diphenyl and naphthalene. The invention also concerns articles made in accordance with the inventive process.

Abstract: A direct antifreeze cooled fuel cell is disclosed for producing electrical energy from reducing and process oxidant fluid streams that includes an electrolyte secured between an anode catalyst and a cathode catalyst; a porous anode substrate secured in direct fluid communication with and supporting the anode catalyst; a porous wetproofed cathode substrate secured in direct fluid communication with and supporting the cathode catalyst; a porous water transport or cooler plate secured in direct fluid communication with the porous cathode substrate; and, a direct antifreeze solution passing through the porous water transport plate. A preferred direct antifreeze solution passing through the porous water transport plate remains essentially within the water transport plate and does not poison the catalysts.

Abstract: Formulations for anti-icing compositions are of two basic types. The first basic formulation describes alcohol/polyol-based aqueous fluids thickened by the combination of an acrylic emulsion and a water-swellable layered clay mineral, with optional addition of a surfactant combination comprised of a first surfactant with an HLB≦3 coupled with a second surfactant with an HLB 19, and further optional addition of a water-activated polymer and other components. The second basic formulation describes a polyol-based aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol with optional thickeners.

Abstract: Phosphate ester based functional fluids containing novel anti-erosion additives provides enhanced results in erosion control.

Abstract: Phosphate ester based functional fluids containing novel anti-erosion additives provides enhanced results in erosion control.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water-based biodegradable functional fluid for mechanical drives, preferably for use in steam engines. The aim of the invention is to create functional fluids for use in mechanical drives, particularly for hydrodynamically lubricating plain bearings, preferably for crankshafts of superheated steam engines having customary non-overly precise bearing play. The inventive fluids should be able to be used in closed power pack systems also in the existence of sump temperatures exceeding 120 ° C., e.g. in the lubricant pan located under a crank drive and be water-based or able to be diluted with water. According to the invention, this is achieved by a percentually low addition of polyaspartic acid to water or to water-glycol mixtures, whereby polyaspartic acid having a molar mass greater than 1,000 and up to 10,000 g/mol is preferably used.

Abstract: In general, this invention relates to supplemental coolant additive for use in cooling systems, for example, in diesel engine cooling systems. The supplemental coolant additive includes a C4-C6 dicarboxylic acid, preferably adipic acid, and optionally a C9-C12 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid an aromatic monocarboxylic acid, an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and salts of these acids. The supplemental coolant additive also can include a variety of other additives including molybdate salts, nitrate salts, nitrite salts, silicate salts and buffering agents. The supplemental coolant additive is preferably provided as a solid additive or a liquid concentrate. The supplemental coolant additive is preferably added to the liquid coolant over time to provide increased coolant life. Further the supplemental coolant additive provides enhanced anti-corrosion protection in cooling systems that include hard water.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a mixture of hydrocarbons having a well-defined chemical composition that is suitable for use as a dielectric coolant in electrical equipment in general, and specifically in transformers. The dielectric coolants of the present invention are particularly suited for use in sealed, non-vented transformers, and have improved performance characteristics, including decreased degradation of the paper insulating layers, as well as a greater degree of safety and environmental acceptability. The present dielectric coolants comprise relatively pure blends of compounds selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons, polyalphaolefins, polyol esters, and natural vegetable oils, along with additives to improve pour point, increase stability and reduce oxidation rate.

Abstract: Frost resistant, aqueous cooling/heating fluid containing alkali salts of acetic acid and/or formic acid and which as a corrosion inhibitor contains a mixture of a C5-C16 monocarboxylic acid or alkali-, ammonium- or amino-salts of said acid, a C5-C16 dicarboxylic acid or alkali-, ammonium- or amino-salts of said acid, and also a triazole.

Abstract: An energy conserving power transmission fluid composition comprising: (a) from 1 to 49 wt. % of a polyalphaolefin base stock having a kinematic viscosity of from 40 mm2/s at 100° C. to 500 mm2/s at 100° C.; (b) from 1 to 95 wt. % of a lubricant basestock having a kinematic viscosity of from 2 mm2/s at 100° C. to 10 mm2/s at 100° C.; (c) from 1 to 49 wt. % of a polyol ester of a C5 to C30 aliphatic monocarboxylic acid and a polyol of the formula R(OH)n where n is at least 2, and (d) an effective amount of a performance additive package selected from the group consisting of automotive gear oil additive packages, manual transmission fluid additive packages and automatic transmission fluid additive packages, provided that the composition has a kinematic viscosity of at least 4 mm2/s at 100° C.

Abstract: There is described an electrorheological fluid comprising particles of a composite material suspended in an electrically insulating hydrophobic liquid. The composite particles are metal salts of the form M1xM22-2xTiO(C2O4)2 where M1 is selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca and wherein M2 is selected from the group consisting of Rb, Li, Na and K, and the composite particles further include a promoter selected from the group consisting of urea, butyramide and acetamide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a carboxylic acid based antifreeze coolant formulation for heavy duty applications such as for diesel engines which may be used for inhibition and prevention erosion and corrosion of aluminum and the corrosion of other metals exposed to an aqueous liquid in automotive coolant systems. The formulation further inhibits mineral scale. It may be packaged as an ethylene glycol based additive for use in new engines or in a concentrated inhibition package as an additive as for reinhibition of used coolant. The combination of a mixture of ethylene or propylene glycol, a monobasic carboxylic organic acid, azoles, low levels of molybdates, a nitrite salt and/or nitrate salt and/or siloxane stabilized silicate, and combinations thereof, polyvinylpyrrolidone, provide a synergistic protective effect against the cavitation corrosion of aluminum in aqueous liquids reducing the corrosion rate and is effective at relatively low concentrations and varying pH ranges.

Abstract: Corrosion protection of magnesium and aluminum alloys in engine coolants and heat-exchange fluids is achieved by the use of a select group of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylate acids or the alkaline metal, ammonium or amine salts thereof in combination with a fluoride and/or a fluorocarboxylic acid or salt thereof. These compositions have been found to significantly improve the high temperature magnesium corrosion protection properties of coolants, and are of use in automobile engine coolant systems.

Abstract: An electrical oil having reduced gassing tendency includes a major amount of a paraffinic or naphthenic basestock and a blend of certain hindered phenols, especially a blend of 2,6-di-t-butyl phenol and 2,6-di-t-butyl cresol. A further enhanced gassing tendency can be provided to the electrical oil by including a tolyltriazole derivative.

Abstract: An anionic cellulose ether obtainable by a process comprising reacting an alkali metal cellulose with one or more reagents A selected from the group consisting of haloacetic acids, alkali metal haloacetates, alkali metal vinyl sulfonates, vinyl sulfonic acid, and precursors thereof, and one or more reagents B having the formula R1—(OCH2CH(R2))n-P, wherein R2 represents hydrogen or a methyl group; n is 0-2; P represents a glycidyl ether group, a 1,2-epoxy group or a precursor thereof, if P represents a glycidyl ether group, R1 represents a linear C3-C5 alkyl group, optionally containing an oxygen atom, a phenyl group, or a benzyl group, and if P represents a 1,2-epoxy group, R1 represents a linear C3-C5 alkyl group, optionally containing an oxygen atom. Preferably, reagent A is chloroacetic acid and reagent B is n-butyl glycidyl ether. The invention also relates to the use of said anionic cellulose ether as an associative thickener, rheology modifier or stabilizer.

Abstract: A chemical composition and method of deployment into a coolant or coolant systems to provide at least one benefit to the system. The additive compositions includes a silicate component and a silicate stabilizer, the compositions being in the form of a solid, a non-flowable semi-solid or a flowable semi-solid which is dissolved into a coolant and enters the cooling system so as to provide at least one benefit to a coolant system when released, for example, to protect an engine. The method of deployment into the coolant and subsequently the cooling systems includes injecting or dissolving the additive into the coolant, forming the additive to the housing of the system or forming the coolant to the filter located in the housing of the cooling system.

Abstract: Cyclic oligomers derivable from the copolymerization of isobutylene and isoprene can be hydrogenated to form 1-(2,2,4-trimethylpentyl)-2-isopropyl-3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexane and related compounds, which are useful in lubricants such as a traction fluids.

Abstract: High oleic acid triglyceride compositions that comprise fatty acid components of at least 75% oleic acid, less than 10% diunsaturated fatty acid component; less than 3% triunsaturated fatty acid component; and less than 8% saturated fatty acid component; and having the properties of a dielectric strength of at least 35 KV/100 mil gap, a dissipation factor of less than 0.05% at 25 NC., acidity of less than 0.03 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than 1 pS/m at 25 NC., a flash point of at least 250 NC. and a pour point of at least −15 NC. are disclosed. Electrical insulation fluids comprising the triglyceride composition are disclosed. Electrical insulation fluids that comprise the triglyceride composition and a combination of additives are disclosed. Electrical apparatuses comprising the electrical insulation fluids and the use of electrical insulation fluids to provide insulation in electrical apparatuses are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a multiphase electrorheological fluid having an improved yield stress and stability. The multiphase electrorheological fluid comprises a first liquid phase component as a continuous oil phase; particles dispersed in the continuous oil phase; and a second liquid phase component which consists of emulsion liquid droplets and is dispersed in the continuous oil phase while being immiscible with the continuous oil phase. The dispersed liquid droplets have higher electrical conductivity and dielectric constant than those of the continuous oil phase.