Abstract: The present invention provides heavy duty long life corrosion inhibition formulations and compositions for inhibiting mineral scale and the corrosion of metals particularly the cavitation corrosion of aluminum in the presence of aqueous liquids. The combination of a mixture of polymeric polycarboxylates, azoles, molybdenum, and a combination of nitrite and nitrate salts, phosphates, stabilized silicates and transition metal compounds provide a synergistic protective effect against the cavitation corrosion of aluminum in aqueous liquids reducing the corrosion rate and is effective at relatively low concentrations and varying pH ranges.

Abstract: A coolant containing 35-65 wt. % polyethylene glycol and 65-35 wt. % ethylene glycol, which is especially useful for cooling motor vehicle engines.

Abstract: A coolant for cooling a semiconductor element by direct immersion, cooling, which has an improved cooling capability, is disclosed. The coolant comprises a low boiling point fluorocarbon having a boiling point of 30° C. to 100° C. and a high boiling point fluorocarbon having a boiling point higher than that of the low boiling point fluorocarbon by at least 100° C.; an amount of the high boiling point fluorocarbon being less than 20% by volume, based on the volume of the low boiling point fluorocarbon.

Abstract: Disclosed is a traction drive fluid which comprises (A) one or more than two compounds selected from the group consisting of saturated polycyclic hydrocarbon compounds represented by the formulae: wherein R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen or a methyl group, provided that the case where both R1 and R2 are a methyl group at the same time is excluded, and R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen or a methyl group; wherein R5 and R6 are each independently hydrogen or a methyl group, provided that the case where both R5 and R6 are a methyl group at the same time is excluded, R7 and R8 are each independently hydrogen or a methyl group; and wherein R9, R10 and R11 are each independently hydrogen or a methyl group.

Abstract: A flexible lustered product used in automobiles. The flexible lustered product includes a base material made of resin. A base coat layer is applied to at least a portion of the surface of the base material. The base coat layer has a glass transition point that is at least minus 30° C. and at most 0° C. The base coat layer includes a silane coupling agent having an epoxy group. A metal film layer is applied to at least a portion of the surface of the base coat layer. The metal film layer is anticorrosive and has a thickness that is at least 150 Å and at most 800 Å. The metal film layer is formed by a plurality of metal particles disposed in contact with one another so as to define a grain boundary between adjacent metal particles. A top coat layer is applied to at least a portion of the surface of the metal film layer. The top coat layer includes an ultraviolet ray absorbent and a silane coupling agent having an epoxy group.

Abstract: A heat transfer/cooling fluid for low temperatures containing from about 15% to about 70% of trimethyl glycine or derivatives thereof and from about 30% to about 85% of water. The heat transfer/cooling fluid is environmental-friendly and non-toxic. It has good heat transfer properties and is suitable for, e.g., the needs of the food industry and solar panels.

Abstract: A composition for sealing warped or cracked engine coolant systems is provided comprising an aqueous silicate mixture comprising 50-80% sodium silicate, based on the total amount of silicates in the mixture, and 50-20% potassium silicate, based on said total amount of silicates in the mixture; the total amount of silicates comprising about 40-50% of said mixture; a glycol in an amount of at least 10% by volume of the composition; and the balance being water. A method for sealing warped or cracked engine cooling systems is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a freezable coolant composition used for cold-preservation of, e.g., foods by utilizing the latent heat of fusion at the freezing point which is substantially higher than 0.degree. C. and in the range, for example, from 5.degree. C. to 26.degree. C. The composition is a ternary mixture consisting of: (A) from 98.0 to 8.0% by weight of 1,6-hexanediol; (B) from 0.5 to 3.0% by weight of sodium benzoate; and (C) from 1.5 to 89.0% by weight of water, each percentage being based on the total amount of the components (A), (B) and (C).

Abstract: A heat exchange medium is disclosed which utilizes a change in molecular configuration of photochromic compounds when they are exposed to light. Further, by the addition of the photochromic compound as a side chain to an organic polymer, the polymer can also be induced to change configuration and absorb larger amounts of heat.

Abstract: A process for forming dielectric particles includes admixing a first monomer and a crosslinker in a liquid dispersion medium to form a first mixture. A second mixture of an initiator and a stabilizer is prepared and added to the first mixture to form a third mixture in which the first monomer polymerizes to form polymer particles. A second monomer is introduced to the third mixture, the second monomer at least partially polymerizing and grafting upon the previously formed polymer particles. A functional monomer effecting the outer surface charge characteristics of the final particles may be introduced to the third mixture when the second monomer is introduced. The particles may be employed in an electrophoretic fluid for use in an electrophoretic display by dispersing the dielectric particles prepared by the two stage polymerization process in a dielectric fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a concentrate for a heat transfer medium for solar units, comprisinga) from 45 to 98% by weight of triethylene glycol and/or tetraethylene glycol,b) from 1 to 55% by weight of 1,2-propylene glycol and/or ethylene glycol, andc) from 1 to 6% by weight of corrosion inhibitors.The concentrate is used in admixture with water for heat transport in solar units.

Abstract: Heat transfer fluid compositions comprising (a) a terpene component, comprising at least one terpene; and (b) an alkylbenzene component, comprising at least one alkylbenzene; wherein the components are provided in an effective amount such that the 5resultant composition retains the liquid phase at temperatures in the range from about 0.degree. F. to below about -120.degree. F., preferably from about 0.degree. F. to about -175.degree. F.

Abstract: Electrorheological systems of improved temperature range are obtained by including within the system a solid polymer insoluble in a low molecular weight activating material and in the hydrophobic medium of the fluid. The polymer contains hydrophilic functionality, and in the polymer a portion of the low molecular weight polar activating material is sorbed in an amount which reversibly increases with increasing temperature.

Abstract: A process for producing a carbon foam heat sink is disclosed which obviates the need for conventional oxidative stabilization. The process employs mesophase or isotropic pitch and a simplified process using a single mold. The foam has a relatively uniform distribution of pore sizes and a highly aligned graphic structure in the struts. The foam material can be made into a composite which is useful in high temperature sandwich panels for both thermal and structural applications. The foam is encased and filled with a phase change material to provide a very efficient heat sink device.

Abstract: A high viscosity fluid composition having a specific gravity of 1 or more, the physical properties of said fluid composition is not impaired for the use of a long period of time, and a vibration energy damping device which is filled with said high viscosity fluid composition. The high viscosity fluid composition comprises a high viscosity hydrocarbon fluid and an inorganic filler.

Abstract: A heat transfer fluid having high heat capacity, high thermal loading capacity, low viscosity and low freezing point includes diphenyl oxide and 1,1 diphenyl ethane in broad proportions.

Abstract: Method and compositions for reducing or removing ice formation from surfaces where the compositions consist essentially of (i) one or more polyhydric alcohols and (ii) one or more non-potassium, low carbon percentage organic compounds, and optionally one or more non-potassium, non-halide inorganic compounds and/or monohydric alcohols, whereby the freezing point of the composition is depressed.

Abstract: A soybean oil based hydraulic fluid of which the soybean oil is less than 85% by weight and the fatty acid profile of the hydraulic fluid includes about 0.12% C24:0. The base oil is hydrogenated to produce maximum possible stability of the soybean oil, and is winterized to remove crystallized fats and improve the pour point of the base oil without the necessity of heating the oil. The base oil is then combined with a hydrocarbon based additive package containing materials specifically designed for mobile equipment application including friction and anti-chatter materials, needed for wet clutches and brakes.

Abstract: A cool mug is provided with a closed chamber defined between an outer vessel and an inner vessel. The bottom is closed with a bottom cap to form the closed chamber. The bottom cap has a hole for filling the closed chamber with a thermal storage substance for low temperatures and then the hole is sealed to prevent the thermal storage substance from leaking out. Acrylate resin copolymer is mixed with water and used as the low-temperature thermal storage substance. Further, a substance may also be added in the acrylate resin copolymer mixture for imparting freeze resistant properties thereto, and acting as an antiseptic.

Abstract: Process for preparing non-aqueous dispersions, wherein a liquid prepolymer is emulsified in a non-aqueous liquid, the droplet size of the emulsion is adjusted to 0.1 to 30 .mu.m and the droplet size distribution U.sub.90 is adjusted to less than 2 by means of a jet disperser, and the droplets are cured by a chemical reaction.

Abstract: A dual energy dependent electroviscous fluid which becomes electroviscous upon the application of both electric potential and a second form of energy such as light or pressure. Dual energy dependent fluids support a dipole sufficient for the fluids to become significantly electroviscous only upon exposure of the aggregate to the second form of energy simultaneous with the electric potential.

Abstract: Polymers having repeating succinyl units, especially polyaspartic acids, are suitable for antifreezing compositions.

Abstract: This invention relates to lyoprotection agents for protecting macromolecules during lyophilization or freeze-drying. In particular, methods for use of these lyoprotectants in conjugate formulations are disclosed. Additionally, this invention describes lyophilized instant kit formulations for the radiolabeling of pharmaceuticals and/or macromolecules.

Abstract: Heat-accumulating microcapsule dispersion includes a microcapsule provided as a small-diameter heat-accumulating material including organic compound functioning as heat accumulating material in association with a phase change thereof accommodated within a microcapsule, heat transfer fluid medium including a number of the microcapsules dispersed stably therein, and a number of thermal boundary layer stirring particles dispersed in the heat transfer fluid medium. The stirring particles has a volume average particle diameter between 0.1.times.D and 1.9.times.D relative to a layer thickness D of a thermal boundary layer formed inside a heat exchanging passage through which the dispersion is caused to flow. The particles stir the thermal boundary layer in association with movement thereof inside the heat exchanging passage.

Abstract: Heat storage/heat radiation is effected by a method comprising conducting heat storage/heat radiation in an apparatus containing a heat storage material of a sugar alcohol in an oxygen depleted atmosphere. The latent heat storage material does not suffer from any charge either in melting point or in the heat storage capacity even after repeated use.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid composition is composed of a dispersed phase of dielectric solid particles and a dispersion medium of an electrically insulating solution, wherein the solution is composed of 99-75% by weight of silicone oil and 1-25% by weight of an organic compound having at least one unsaturated bond. The composition generates a large shear stress even under an electric field of relatively low intensity, and the concurrent current density is small. The composition shows excellent performances also in terms of its withstanding dielectric breakdown strength under an electric field of high intensity and the fluidity and re-dispersibility in the absence of an electric field. In the meantime, the composition has high durability of the generated shear stress and the current density.

Abstract: An electro-rheological fluid composition is provided. A dielectric oil has particulate mixed therein. The particulate consists essentially of a polymeric sponge material entrapping an electro-rheological constituent such as water. The particulate is sized to remain in suspension when mixed in the dielectric oil.

Abstract: A homogeneous electrorheological fluid is disclosed, which mainly comprises a liquid crystal compound in which a plurality of liquid crystal groups are bonded to a molecular chain either directly or via a spacer, or comprises a lyotropic liquid crystal comprising a solute and a solvent. The electrorheological fluid exhibits higher electrorheological effects as well as high response rate and low power driving properties while being free from sedimentation or flocculation.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid of a particulate phase and a continuous phase of a hydrophobic liquid medium, a certain dispersed particulate phase, and a low molecular weight polar material exhibits a broad effective temperature range. The dispersed particulate phase comprises a polar solid material which is capable of exhibiting substantial electrorheological activity only in the presence of a low molecular weight polar material, and an organic semiconductor. The weight ratio of the polar solid material to the organic semiconductor is at least about 2:1.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid comprising a lyotropic liquid crystalline polymer uniformly dissolved in a cyclic ketone solvent or a mixed solvent of a cyclic ketone solvent and at least one electrically insulating solvent selected from a hydrocarbon-based oil, an ester-based oil, and an ether-based oil.

Abstract: Power transmitting fluids, especially automatic transmission fluids, possess improved properties such as antiwear, durability, antioxidation, and shift-time performance by incorporation of high viscosity polyalphaolefins.

Abstract: A fluid heat transfer medium and process employing composite mixtures of monocyclic and bicyclic terpenes useful for heat transfer processes in a temperature range down to approximately -165.degree. F., where the fluid heat transfer medium maintains its liquid phase.

Abstract: Electrorheological systems of improved temperature range are obtained by including within the system a solid polymer insoluble in a low molecular weight activating material and in the hydrophobic medium of the fluid. The polymer contains hydrophilic functionality, and in the polymer a portion of the low molecular weight polar activating material is sorbed in an amount which reversibly increases with increasing temperature.

Abstract: Methods of using styrene oil, its fractions, and combinations thereof as working fluids, lubricants, fuels and solvents.

Abstract: Homogeneous, electro-viscous fluids are provided which contain aluminum soaps based on products obtained by reacting one or more mono- or polycarboxylic acid(s) or the anhydrides or semi-esters thereof with reactive aluminum compounds, such as aluminum alcoholates. The aforesaid fluids manifest high electro-rheological effect and are completely homogeneous, and do not require a dispersant.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a mixture of hydrocarbons having a well-defined chemical composition that is suitable for use as a dielectric coolant in electrical equipment in general, and specifically in transformers. The dielectric coolants of the present invention are particularly suited for use in sealed, non-vented transformers, and have improved performance characteristics, including decreased degradation of the paper insulating layers, as well as a greater degree of safety and environmental acceptability. The present dielectric coolants comprise relatively pure blends of compounds selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons, polyalphaolefins, polyol esters, and natural vegetable oils, along with additives to improve pour point, increase stability and reduce oxidation rate.

Abstract: An electroviscous fluid comprising an electrically insulating liquid and solid electrolyte particles dispersed therein.

Abstract: A homogeneous electro rheological fluid is provided. The fluid comprises a lyotropic liquid crystalline polymer dissolved in a solvent in low concentrations in a manner in which the fluid does not exhibit a liquid crystalline state. According to the homogeneous electro rheological fluid of the present invention, the problem associated with the precipitation of particles can be circumvented. Moreover, the electro rheological fluid can provide a large difference in torque before and after the application of an electric field; therefore, exhibits good electro rheological properties.

Abstract: A color-stable antifreeze composition containing a polyhydric alcohol, a corrosion inhibitor and a poly(oxyalkylene)-substituted colorant having the structure ABXYZ, whereA is an organic chromophore;B is an electrophilic reactive group covalently bonded to A directly or through a linking group;X is a nucleophilic linking group covalently bonding B and Y;Y is a poly(oxyalkylene)-containing moiety; andZ is a terminal group for Y.

Abstract: The present invention proposes adding an alkaline solution or a mixture of two or more alkaline solutions to the agent system of absorption machines operating with ammonia or methylamine as the agent and water as the solvent. This addition of an alkaline solution or an alkaline solution mixture has a number of advantageous effects. These are, i.a.1. The dissolving respectively expelling heat of the agent is reduced, raising the output figure.2. The agent vapor generated is very pure. A dephlegmator is obviated.3. The alkaline solution makes steel surfaces inert when sealed from air and in a high vaccum, thereby obviating corrosion inhibitors.4. The viscosity of the solvent is reduced, decreasing pump operation.

Abstract: The dispersion of a solid material in a fluid is improved by modifying the density of the fluid to match the density of the solid material. The method of the present invention comprises the addition of about 1 to 25 weight percent of a saturated oligomer of at least one halocarbon to a slurry of microencapsulated phase change materials in a poly-alpha-olefin fluid to improve the dispersion of the microencapsulated materials in the fluid.

Abstract: An antifreeze composition is provided having a polyhydric alcohol, a corrosion inhibitor and a colorant of the formula: ##STR1## wherein m and n are independently selected from 0, 1, 2 or 3; M is cation; A is SO.sub.3 M or SO.sub.2 R.sup.3, where R.sup.3 is alkylene-SO.sub.3 M; R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, C.sub.1-8 alkoxy, C.sub.1-8 alkyl, amino, sulfoxy, carboxy and R.sup.2 ; and R.sup.2 is NHR.sup.4, where R.sup.4 is triazine or triazine substituted with aminophenylsulfonate, chloro, dichloro, fluoro, or R.sup.2 is CO.sub.2 M.

Abstract: A heat storage composition characterized in that the composition is prepared by mixing a heat storage component with a component comprising a thermoplastic elastomer and synthetic or natural rubber in an amount of 0.5 to 30 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the heat storage component using mechanical means, the heat storage component comprising at least one of a wax having a main chain of hydrocarbon and at least 0.degree. in melting point and a higher monohydroxy alcohol having a melting point of at least 0.degree..

Abstract: An electrorheological magnetic fluid including an electrically insulating liquid and fine particles dispersed therein is described, wherein the fine particles include a fine magnetic particle as a core, wherein the fine magnetic particle has a surface which is covered by an electroconductive substance, and the fine magnetic particle with its surface covered by the electroconductive substance is completely coated with a surfactant. A process for producing the electrorheological magnetic fluid is also described.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid of a particulate phase and a continuous phase of a hydrophobic liquid medium, a certain dispersed particulate phase, and a low molecular weight polar material exhibits a broad effective temperature range. The dispersed particulate phase comprises a polar solid material which is capable of exhibiting substantial electrorheological activity only in the presence of a low molecular weight polar material, and an organic semiconductor. The weight ratio of the polar solid material to the organic semiconductor is at least about 2:1.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid comprising an electrically insulating liquid and acid, iodine or alcohol-treated, or iodine-treated and subsequently electrically insulating film-coated, dispersible carbonaceous particles dispersed therein has a high electrorheological effect even without lowering in a high temperature region, though it is a water-free system.

Abstract: An additive system and method of use that significantly extend the service life of petroleum based hydraulic fluids, improve antiwear properties, improve demulsibility, condition and swell seals to prevent leaking, increase oxidation life, improve thermal stability, improve corrosion resistance, improve antifoam characteristics, reduce the acid number of used hydraulic oils, and exhibit improved shelf stability and improved low temperature performance when compared to additive systems previously known, the additive system containing as essential elements a stabilized zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, a substituted sulfolane, an alkyl phenol and an effective amount of a solvent alcohol component selected from C.sub.9 -C.sub.11 or C.sub.12 -C.sub.13 alcohols, or other suitable alcohol blends, with or without other suitable adjunctive solvents such as aromatics or aromatic/ketone blends.

Abstract: A process for producing a powder material for an electro-rheological fluid is provided. The powder material is advantageously used for an electro-rheological fluid having a property, such as viscosity, which changes by application of an electric field. A powder material for an electro-rheological fluid having a uniform distribution of particle diameters and a uniform distribution of electric conductivity can be produced by embrittling a carbonaceous powder material, pulverizing and classifying the embrittled carbonaceous powder material to obtain a carbonaceous powder material having a uniform distribution of particle diameters, and carbonizing the powder material under an atmosphere of an inert gas.

Abstract: A mixture of a carbon-based hydrophobic base fluid, an electrorheologically active solid particle, and an aromatic hydroxy compound substituted with a hydrocarbyl group containing at least about 6 carbon atoms shows good dispersion characteristics and good electrorheological activity.

Abstract: An electroreheological field comprising a dielectric particle as the dispersed phase, an insulating oil as the dispersing medium, and an additive, the additive being substantially insoluble in the dipersing medium, and being a composite containing a polysiloxane-containing structural unit (A), and at least one dispersed phase absorbing chain-containing structural unit (B) selected from the group consisting of an alkylene oxide chain-containing structural unit (B-1), a nitrogen atom chain-containing structural unit (B-2), and a long hydrocarbon chain-containing structural unit (B-3).