Organic Components Patents (Class 252/73)
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Patent number: 5679280Abstract: A homogeneous electro rheological fluid of the invention comprises a poly(.alpha.-amino acid) or a poly(.gamma.-glutamate), and an electric insulating liquid in a specific amount to. To provide a homogeneous electro rheological fluid of good stability, with long lasting and consistent performance in the presence of a trace of water. The fluid also exerts a good electro rheological effect wherein a hydrocarbon oil or an ester-type oil is used as an electric insulating liquid.Type: GrantFiled: December 11, 1995Date of Patent: October 21, 1997Assignee: Nippon Oil Co., Ltd.Inventors: Makoto Sasaki, Takafumi Ishii, Katsuhiko Haji
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Patent number: 5674428Abstract: A method of protecting structures and articles from environmental exposure uses a semi-permanent or temporary in situ formed film or tarp to cover the protected articles. The film is environmentally safe and biodegradable. The film also may function as a release film to protect surfaces, such as aircraft wings and refrigeration surfaces, from ice accumulation and may act as a confining barrier to control particulate materials during transportation.Type: GrantFiled: June 7, 1995Date of Patent: October 7, 1997Assignee: Kizer Industries, Inc.Inventors: James Arnold Lott, David Vern Kizer
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Patent number: 5672574Abstract: Compositions comprising compounds of formula ##STR1## wherein the radicals R and R.sub.1 to R.sub.5 are as defined in claim 1, are described.Some of those compounds are novel. They are suitable for the stabilization of organic materials.Type: GrantFiled: September 20, 1995Date of Patent: September 30, 1997Assignee: Ciba-Geigy CorporationInventors: Samuel Evans, Stephan Allenbach
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Patent number: 5672298Abstract: An electro-sensitive composition comprising a fluorine compound having a predetermined structure, and an electrically insulating medium capable of dissolving this fluorine compound when a voltage is applied thereto, is disclosed. This electro-sensitive composition has a straight chain or cyclic fluorocarbon, and fluorine compound particles possessing dissociable polarity, dispersed in an electrically insulating medium; by means of the application of a voltage to this electro-sensitive composition, the transparency and viscosity thereof can be easily adjusted.Type: GrantFiled: January 29, 1996Date of Patent: September 30, 1997Assignee: Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd.Inventors: Kazuya Edamura, Yasufumi Otsubo
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Patent number: 5607617Abstract: An electroviscous fluid which consists essentially of a non-conductive liquid and, dispersed therein, anhydrous spherical multilayered particles comprising particles at least whose surfaces are conductive and, formed thereon, a non-conductive layer having a thickness of about 0.1 to 1 .mu.m. The electroviscous fluid is stable at both ambient temperature and elevated temperatures, i.e., up to at least about 200.degree. C. in an applied electric potential with an alternating current or a pulsating direct current.Type: GrantFiled: June 22, 1988Date of Patent: March 4, 1997Assignee: Asahi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.Inventors: Akio Inoue, Yoshio Suzuki
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Patent number: 5603861Abstract: An electroviscous fluid wherein an electrically insulating fluid is mixed with silica fine particles having esterified surfaces, and a polyhydric alcohol. Thus, it is possible to provide an electroviscous fluid which is excellent in dispersion stability and shelf stability, free from aggregation of particles even under heating conditions and capable of manifesting high electroviscous effect.Type: GrantFiled: May 26, 1995Date of Patent: February 18, 1997Assignee: Tonen CorporationInventors: Nobuharu Umamori, Tetsuo Miyamoto, Makoto Kanbara, Hirotaka Tomizawa
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Patent number: 5595966Abstract: Certain hydrogenated oligomers of 1-alkene hydrocarbons have been found to be substantially biodegradable upon exposure to microbiological agents of types widely available in the environment. Thus, in an operation wherein lubricating oil or functional fluid is released into the environment, there is provided for use as the lubricating oil or functional fluid a substantially biodegradable lubricating oil or functional fluid at least 10 percent by volume of which is composed of at least one substantially biodegradable liquid hydrocarbon of lubricating viscosity formed by oligomerisation of 1-alkene hydrocarbon having 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the molecule and hydrogenation of the resultant oligomer.Type: GrantFiled: July 18, 1991Date of Patent: January 21, 1997Assignee: Ethyl Petroleum Additives LimitedInventors: Mark Rees, Ian MacPherson
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Patent number: 5595680Abstract: Non-aqueous electrorheological fluids are described which comprise a major amount of a hydrophobic liquid phase and a minor amount of a dispersed particulate phase of a polyaniline prepared by polymerizing aniline in the presence of an oxidizing agent and from about 0.1 to about 1.6 moles of an acid per mole of aniline to form an acid salt of polyaniline, and thereafter treating the acid salt with a base. The polyanilines may be prepared from aniline or from mixtures of aniline and other monomers such as pyrroles, vinyl pyridines, vinyl pyrrolidones, thiophenes, vinylidene halides, phenothiazines, imidazolines, N-phenyl-p-phenylene diamines or mixtures thereof. The electrorheological fluids prepared in accordance with the present invention are useful in a variety of applications including flotational coupling devices such as clutches for automobiles or industrial motors, transmissions, brakes or tension control devices; and linear damping devices such as shock absorbers, engine mounts and hydraulic actuators.Type: GrantFiled: April 6, 1994Date of Patent: January 21, 1997Assignee: The Lubrizol CorporationInventors: Charles P. Bryant, Kasturi Lal, Joseph W. Pialet
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Patent number: 5593613Abstract: Unique heat transfer fluid media include (methylbenzyl)xylene or a composition comprising admixture of the compounds (A): ##STR1## in which n.sub.1 +n.sub.2 =0 or 1, wherein a fraction of such compounds (A) n.sub.1 +n.sub.2 =0 and further wherein another fraction of such compounds (A) n.sub.1 +n.sub.Type: GrantFiled: August 3, 1994Date of Patent: January 14, 1997Assignee: Elf Atochem S.A.Inventors: Raymond Commandeur, Jean-Pierre Sarron
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Patent number: 5591375Abstract: This invention relates to antifreeze multi-component compositions which are combined substantially simultaneous with their application to target surfaces. More specifically, component part A is a mixture which includes some percentage of polysaccharides which contain acid functional groups and a gelatinous material while part B contains at least one polyvalent cation and a solvent. Part A components and part B components are kept separate until ready for application at which time part A and part B components are sprayed onto the intended surface and mixed together in the presence of pressurized air to produce a gel which will adhere to the surface being coated and react to form a resilient coating. Uses for the compositions of this invention include coating aircraft parts such as wings to prevent or remove icing while the plane awaits takeoff. At takeoff, the composition which may contain a release agent, will quickly sluff off the treated parts of the aircraft.Type: GrantFiled: March 27, 1995Date of Patent: January 7, 1997Inventors: James A. Lott, David V. Kizer
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Patent number: 5560856Abstract: Particulate agents of this invention typically consist of a hydrophobic, microwave transparent liquid contained in a microwave responsive substrate. Liquid and substrate are selected to be substantially free of attendant moisture. The liquid is readily absorbed into its substrate and retained therein by capillary forces. Aggregates of such particulate agents preheated by microwave energy contain stored dry heat which is transferrable to load objects. The particulate agents may be formulated to provide a desirable fragrance along with the delivery of heat.Type: GrantFiled: November 2, 1994Date of Patent: October 1, 1996Inventor: Reuven Dobry
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Patent number: 5558811Abstract: A mixture of a carbon-based hydrophobic base fluid, an electrorheologically active solid particle, and an aromatic hydroxy compound substituted with a hydrocarbyl group containing at least about 6 carbon atoms shows good dispersion characteristics and good electrorheological activity.Type: GrantFiled: July 21, 1994Date of Patent: September 24, 1996Assignee: The Lubrizol CorporationInventor: Joseph W. Pialet
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Patent number: 5558803Abstract: An electrorheological fluid comprising dielectric particles and an insulating liquid and characterized by exhibiting a viscosity of not more than 0.2 Pa.cndot.s at a shear rate of 33/s when measured at 25.degree. C. in the absence of supply of an electric field and a structural viscosity satisfying the condition of the formula (1):0.01 Pa.cndot.s.ltoreq..eta..sub.1 -.eta..sub.2 .ltoreq.0.5 Pa.cndot.s (1)wherein .eta..sub.1 is a viscosity in at a shear rate of 3.3/s when measured at 25.degree. C. in the absence of supply of an electric field and .eta..sub.2 is a viscosity in at a shear rate of 33/s when measured at 25.degree. C. in the absence of supply of an electric field. This electrorheological fluid generates a large shear stress, exhibits an excellent current property and an excellent durability, and excels particularly in dispersion stability, redispersibility and fluidity.Type: GrantFiled: December 22, 1994Date of Patent: September 24, 1996Assignee: Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.Inventors: Izuho Okada, Yoshinobu Asako, Kiyomi Arimatsu, Minoru Kobayashi, Satoru Ono, Ryuji Aizawa
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Patent number: 5536428Abstract: A homogeneous electro rheological fluid is provided. The fluid comprises a lyotropic liquid crystalline polymer dissolved in a solvent in low concentrations in a manner in which the fluid does not exhibit a liquid crystalline state. According to the homogeneous electro rheological fluid of the present invention, the problem associated with the precipitation of particles can be circumvented. Moreover, the electro rheological fluid can provide a large difference in torque before and after the application of an electric field; therefore, exhibits good electro theological properties. The electro rheological fluid according to the present invention can be used in making engine mounts, damping apparatuses, clutches, torque converters, braking systems, valves, dampers, suspensions, actuators, vibrators, ink jet printers, and the like.Type: GrantFiled: March 1, 1995Date of Patent: July 16, 1996Assignee: Nippon Oil Co., Ltd.Inventors: Makoto Sasaki, Takafumi Ishii, Katsuhiko Haji
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Patent number: 5536426Abstract: An electrorheological fluid comprising an electrically insulating liquid and acid, iodine or alcohol-treated, or iodine-treated and subsequently electrically insulating film-coated, dispersible carbonaceous particles dispersed therein has a high electrorheological effect even without lowering in a high temperature region, though it is a water-free system.Type: GrantFiled: May 18, 1994Date of Patent: July 16, 1996Assignee: Nippon Oil Company, Ltd.Inventors: Makoto Sasaki, Yukio Kobayashi, Katsuhiko Haji
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Patent number: 5536427Abstract: A non-flammable electric discharge machining fluid for electric discharge machining which comprises a non-flammable water base solution, a block copolymer represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein n ranges from 1 to 5 and n/(m+p) ranges from 0.5 to 2.5. The fluid contributes to a lowered electrode wear rate and an improved machining removal rate.Type: GrantFiled: May 10, 1994Date of Patent: July 16, 1996Assignee: Sodick Co., Ltd.Inventors: Nobuyuki Takahashi, Makoto Sugai
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Patent number: 5525251Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermal energy storage composition and a method for reducing rupture failures during freezing cycles of container devices holding aqueous phase change materials. The thermal energy storage composition of the present invention contains about 60 to about 96.5 weight percent water, about 3 to about 40 weight percent of one or a mixture of water-dispersible non-ionic surfactants, particularly alcohol ethoxylates, and preferably an anionic surfactant in an amount sufficient to reduce phase separation of the composition at elevated temperatures.Type: GrantFiled: June 7, 1995Date of Patent: June 11, 1996Assignee: Store Heat and Produce Energy, Inc.Inventor: Michael J. Hammond
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Patent number: 5525250Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermal energy storage composition and a method for reducing rupture failures during freezing cycles of container device phase change material. The phase change composition contains about 60 to about 91 weight percent water and about 9 to about 40 weight percent of one or a mixture of water-dispersible non-ionic surfactants, particularly alcohol ethoxylates.Type: GrantFiled: November 18, 1994Date of Patent: June 11, 1996Assignee: Store Heat and Produce Energy, Inc.Inventor: Michael J. Hammond
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Patent number: 5510058Abstract: An electro-sensitive composition comprising a fluorine compound having a predetermined structure, and an electrically insulating medium capable of dissolving this fluorine compound when a voltage is applied thereto, is disclosed. This electro-sensitive composition has a straight chain or cyclic fluorocarbon, and fluorine compound particles possessing dissociable polarity, dispersed in an electrically insulating medium; by means of the application of a voltage to this electro-sensitive composition, the transparency and viscosity thereof can be easily adjusted.Type: GrantFiled: June 29, 1994Date of Patent: April 23, 1996Assignee: Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd.Inventors: Kazuya Edamura, Yasufumi Otsubo
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Patent number: 5505871Abstract: An electrorheological(ER) composite material with solid, elastomeric characteristics in the form of an elastomer matrix encompassing an ER fluid. This ER composite material changes certain of its physical properties in response to an imposed electric field (as do known ER fluids), but it has the advantage of maintaining a defined spatial volume without the need of sophisticated seals. It also provides desirable design features inherent in an elastic solid having the specific capability of being molded in conjunction with a containment surface to which it strongly adhesively bonds. Certain physical properties of these ER composite materials and their physical response to the application of an electric field may be varied by varying the properties and/or the proportions of the ER fluid component and the resin prepolymer component which are employed in formulating the composite.Type: GrantFiled: November 23, 1993Date of Patent: April 9, 1996Assignee: General AtomicsInventors: C. Ross Harder, Paul W. Trester
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Patent number: 5503763Abstract: The invention relates to an electrorheological liquid Which consists of an organic polymer as the polarizable disperse phase, an electrically non-conductive, non-aqueous continuous phase and a dispersing agent, and in which the disperse organic polymer has an average particle diameter of between 0.2 and 30 .mu.m and a relative half width value of the particle diameter distribution of below 0.8.Type: GrantFiled: March 11, 1994Date of Patent: April 2, 1996Assignee: Bayer AktiengesellschaftInventors: Wolfgang Podszun, Robert Bloodworth, Gunter Oppermann
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Patent number: 5501809Abstract: An electrorheological fluid is prepared from a hydrophobic liquid medium and a dispersed particulate phase of (i) a polar solid material which is capable of exhibiting electrorheological activity in the presence of a low molecular weight polar material and (ii) a non-cellulosic polymeric material having a solubility parameter of about 15 to about 50 (MPa).sup.1/2 and exhibiting substantially no electrorheological activity in the absence of a low molecular weight polar material. The fluid optionally contains a low molecular weight polar activator. The fluid has good electrorheological performance over a broad temperature range.Type: GrantFiled: August 19, 1994Date of Patent: March 26, 1996Assignee: The Lubrizol CorporationInventors: Barton J. Schober, Carlos A. Piedrahita, Joseph W. Pialet
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Patent number: 5498363Abstract: Disclosed is an electrorheological fluid which is a uniform mixture or solution consisting of a thermotropic polymeric liquid crystal compound such as poly(4'-cyano-4-biphenyloxyhexyl acrylate) and a thermotropic low-molecular liquid crystal compound such as 4-cyano-4'-pentyl biphenyl to serve as the solvent of the polymer in a specified molar ratio. The viscosity of the liquid composition is increased as the direct-current electric field applied thereto is increased while this electrorheological effect disappears when the temperature of the composition is increased to exceed a phase transition temperature which is specific to the respective combinations of the polymeric and low-molecular liquid crystal compounds.Type: GrantFiled: November 9, 1994Date of Patent: March 12, 1996Assignee: Agency of Industrial Science and TechnologyInventors: Ryoichi Kishi, Hisao Ichijo, Takeshi Kitano, Masatoshi Iguchi
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Patent number: 5496484Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electroviscous fluid comprising an electrical insulating liquid and particles dispersed therein, said particles being composed of semiconducting particles having a weight average particle size of 1 to 100 .mu.m and dielectric particles having a weight average particle size of 1 to 3 .mu.m, the weight average particle size of the dielectric particles being not more than 30% of that of the semiconducting particles, the amount of the dielectric particles being 5 to 40 vol % based on the total particles, and the amount of the particles in the whole fluid being 10 to 60 vol %.Type: GrantFiled: December 15, 1994Date of Patent: March 5, 1996Assignee: Mitsubishi Chemical CorporationInventors: Koji Shima, Yukio Chida, Iwao Yamamoto, Kenji Watanabe
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Patent number: 5496483Abstract: Disclosed are electroviscous liquid essentially containingA) A linear and/or branched, eventually functionalized, polyether or the monomers thereof, the conversion product of such polyether resp. such monomer with mono- or oligo functional compounds and eventually additional additives, andB) a dispersing agent, andC) a non-aqueous dispersion-medium.In an embodiment a cavity contains the electroviscous liquid and has parts movable with relation to each other and electrode means for generating an electrical field within the cavitywherein applying the electrical field increases the viscosity of the liquid.Type: GrantFiled: April 11, 1994Date of Patent: March 5, 1996Assignee: Bayer AGInventors: Udo Herrmann, Gu/ nter Oppermann, Gu/ nther Penners, Roland Flindt, Hans-Horst Steinbach
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Patent number: 5489391Abstract: A heat exchange inhibitor composition, characterized in that phosphates, amine salts, silicates, borates or nitrites are not necessary, and further characterized in that p-tert butyl benzoic acid and/or an alkali salt or salts thereof and a triazole are contained therein, which provides improved inhibitive abilities against metal corrosion, glycol oxidation and plugging of the circulation passages of a heat exchange system and further provides improved stability in hard water without forming chemical depositions and does not produce nitrosamines or form gel with other salts in the heat exchange fluid.Type: GrantFiled: October 16, 1992Date of Patent: February 6, 1996Assignee: C C I Co. Ltd.Inventors: Nobuyuki Nawa, Hideki Goto
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Patent number: 5484547Abstract: A heat transfer fluid containing a glycol component and a second component selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dioxolane, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, glycerol formal, solketal, and 1,3-dioxanes is disclosed. The heat transfer fluid can also optionally contain corrosion inhibitors, C.sub.1-3 alcohols, urea, imidazole or alkali metal salts. These fluids are useful as low temperature heat transfer fluids, are stable to aqueous buffers and may be used neat or as aqueous solutions over a wide range of concentrations.Type: GrantFiled: January 7, 1994Date of Patent: January 16, 1996Assignee: The Dow Chemical CompanyInventor: Abel Mendoza
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Patent number: 5482640Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of PTFE and TiO.sub.2 stabilized from the effects of freeze/thaw cycles are disclosed, wherein the stabilizing agents are monohydric alcohols and monoamines having less than five carbon atoms.Type: GrantFiled: October 28, 1994Date of Patent: January 9, 1996Assignee: Consep, Inc.Inventor: Thomas H. Eberlein
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Patent number: 5480573Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrorheological fluid comprising solid particles, an alkylmethylsiloxane compound, and an organofluoro compound. Preferred solid particles include zeolite and sulfate ionomers of aminofunctional siloxanes. The ER fluids of the present invention are characterized by improved dispersion stability, enhanced lubricity, and high yield stresses.Type: GrantFiled: April 29, 1994Date of Patent: January 2, 1996Assignee: Dow Corning CorporationInventors: Loren D. Durfee, Randall G. Schmidt
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Patent number: 5477917Abstract: A free flowing, conformable powder-like mix of silica particles and a phase change material (PCM) is provided. The silica particles have a critical size of about 0.005 to about 0.025 microns and the PCM must be added to the silica in an amount of 75% or less PCM per combined weight of silica and PCM. The powder-like mix can be used in tableware items, medical wraps, tree wraps, garments, quilts and blankets, and particularly in applications for heat protection for heat sensitive items, such as aircraft flight recorders, and for preventing brake fade in automobiles, buses, trucks and aircraft.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 1994Date of Patent: December 26, 1995Assignee: The University of DaytonInventor: Ival O. Salyer
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Patent number: 5474697Abstract: An electrorheological fluid comprising an electrically insulating liquid and oxidation-treated carbonaceous particles dispersed therein and an electrorheological fluid comprising an electrically insulating liquid and a carbonaceous particles having a shape anisotropy, 0.02 to 10,000 .mu.m in length, 0.01 to 500 .mu.m in diameter and 2 to 1,000,000 in aspect ratio have a high electrorheological effect, less current passage and no short circuit, though it is a water-free system.Type: GrantFiled: June 29, 1994Date of Patent: December 12, 1995Assignee: Nippon Oil Company, LtdInventors: Makoto Sasaki, Hisatake Sato, Osamu Kato
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Patent number: 5474714Abstract: The present invention relates to hydraulic fluids which are particularly intended for shock absorption and level controlling applications in vehicles. Hydraulic fluids are provided which substantially consist of esterification products of monosaturated fatty acids and 2-alkyl-1-alkanols. The claimed fluids comply with the requirements made on industrial hydraulic media and are particularly outstanding by their good biodegradability.Type: GrantFiled: July 22, 1994Date of Patent: December 12, 1995Assignee: RWE-DEA Aktiengesellschaft fur Mineraloel und ChemieInventors: Dietrich Pirck, Hans-Dieter Grasshoff
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Patent number: 5470498Abstract: Electrorheological fluids which exhibit good high temperature performance are made using as the disperse phase a salt of a polymer of an alkenyl substituted aromatic comonomer such as styrene and a maleic acid comonomer or derivative thereof.Type: GrantFiled: May 3, 1994Date of Patent: November 28, 1995Assignee: The Lubrizol CorporationInventors: Joseph W. Pialet, Kasturi Lal, Charles P. Bryant
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Patent number: 5462687Abstract: In an electroviscous liquid comprising a non-aqueous liquid as a dispersion medium, a dispersed particulate polymer and a dispersant, the improvement wherein the polymer contains polyether and (meth)acrylate units.Type: GrantFiled: December 7, 1993Date of Patent: October 31, 1995Assignee: Bayer AktiengesellschaftInventors: Wolfgang Podszun, Robert Bloodworth, Gunter Oppermann
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Patent number: 5454967Abstract: Phosphate-containing, glycol-based coolant mixtures which are stable in hard water and are free of nitrites, silicates, amines and borates containa) 0.5-3% by weight of ammonium and/or alkali metal phosphateb) 2-5.5% by weight of ammonium or alkali metal benzoatec) 0.2-1.5% by weight of ammonium or alkali metal molybdated) 0.2-0.8% by weight of ammonium or alkali metal nitratee) 0.05-0.4% by weight of benzotriazolef) 0.05-0.4% by weight of tolyltriazoleg) 0.005-0.35% by weight of a water-soluble magnesium compoundh) 0.02-0.5% by weight of an oligomeric or polymeric carboxylic acid with a molecular weight of 1,000-100,000,i) 0.05-5% by weight of water and the amount of glycol necessary to make up to 100% by weight.Type: GrantFiled: February 22, 1994Date of Patent: October 3, 1995Assignee: BASF AktiengesellschaftInventors: Klaus Pfitzner, Juergen Dehler, Ladislaus Meszaros
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Patent number: 5445759Abstract: Disclosed are electrorheological fluids having spherical, or near-spherical, fullerene-type particles and a nonconducting or dielectric fluid.Type: GrantFiled: May 10, 1993Date of Patent: August 29, 1995Assignee: General Motors CorporationInventor: Bob R. Powell
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Patent number: 5445760Abstract: An electrorheological fluid having good shear stress and improved (reduced) conductivity comprises a hydrophobic liquid phase and, dispersed therein, electrorheologically active particles of a core particle with a coating of at least one polysaccharide which is dispersible in a protic medium.Type: GrantFiled: April 14, 1994Date of Patent: August 29, 1995Assignee: The Lubrizol CorporationInventor: Robert A. Pollack
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Patent number: 5437806Abstract: Non-aqueous electrorheological fluids are described which comprise a major amount of a hydrophobic liquid phase and a minor amount of a dispersed particulate phase of a polyaniline prepared by polymerizing aniline in the presence of an oxidizing agent and from about 0.1 to about 1.6 moles of an acid per mole of aniline to form an acid salt of polyaniline, and thereafter treating the acid salt with a base. The polyanilines may be prepared from aniline or from mixtures of aniline and other monomers such as pyrroles, vinyl pyridines, vinyl pyrrolidones, thiophenes, vinylidene halides, phenothiazines, imidazolines, N-phenyl-p-phenylene diamines or mixtures thereof. The electrorheological fluids prepared in accordance with the present invention are useful in a variety of applications including flotational coupling devices such as clutches for automobiles or industrial motors, transmissions, brakes or tension control devices; and linear damping devices such as shock absorbers, engine mounts and hydraulic actuators.Type: GrantFiled: December 14, 1993Date of Patent: August 1, 1995Assignee: The Lubrizol CorporationInventors: Charles P. Bryant, Kasturi Lal, Joseph W. Pialet
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Patent number: 5435932Abstract: Non-aqueous electrorheological fluids are described which comprise a major amount of a hydrophobic liquid phase and a minor amount of a dispersed particulate phase comprising conductive polymers selected from the group consisting of polypyrroles, polyphenylenes, polyacetylenes, polyvinylpyridines, polyvinylpyrrolidones, poly(substituted anilines), polyvinylidene halides, polyphenothiazines and polyimidazoles. The electrorheological fluids prepared in accordance with the present invention are useful in a variety of applications including flotational coupling devices such as clutches for automobiles or industrial motors, transmissions, brakes or tension control devices; and linear damping devices such as shock absorbers, engine mounts and hydraulic actuators.Type: GrantFiled: December 14, 1993Date of Patent: July 25, 1995Assignee: The Lubrizol CorporationInventors: Charles P. Bryant, Kasturi Lal, Joseph W. Pialet
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Patent number: 5427706Abstract: The present invention relates to an electroviscous fluid comprising the dispersion in an electrical insulating fluid of an organopolysiloxane having at least one metal sulfonate group in its molecule. The electroviscous fluid of the present invention can further comprise a polyether. The electroviscous fluid of the present invention does not wear or abrade surrounding equipment, is thermally stable, and that has a large electroviscous effect (yield value) and an excellent dispersion stability.Type: GrantFiled: August 27, 1993Date of Patent: June 27, 1995Assignee: Dow Corning Toray Silicon Co., Ltd.Inventors: Akihiko Kobayashi, Takashi Nakamura
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Patent number: 5422026Abstract: The invention provides an alkylene glycol, preferably propylene glycol, anti-corrosive antifreeze concentrate composed of the glycol and small but effective amounts of borate, sebacate, molybdate, mercaptobenzothiazole, nitrate, tolyltriazole and silicate. The concentrate is suitably combined with water to form an internal combustion engine coolant which meets all ASTM testing criteria.Type: GrantFiled: July 15, 1993Date of Patent: June 6, 1995Assignee: Arco Chemical Technology, L.P.Inventor: James P. Greaney
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Patent number: 5422027Abstract: A process for improving the traction coefficient between at least two relatively rotatable elements having tractive surfaces in a torque transmitting relationship which comprises introducing between the tractive surfaces of the elements a traction drive fluid comprising, as the active component, a hydrocarbon compound having a bicylo octane skeleton.Type: GrantFiled: November 1, 1993Date of Patent: June 6, 1995Assignee: Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.Inventors: Kazuaki Abe, Toshiyuki Tsubouchi, Hitoshi Hata
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Patent number: 5417874Abstract: An electrorheological material comprising a carrier fluid and an atomically, polarizable particle component. The atomically polarizable particle component has a crystalline lattice structure which allows atoms to shift position with respect to each other in response to the application of an electric field. The electrorheological materials are subjected to an alternating current electric field at a frequency of at least 500 Hz. The materials exhibit substantial electrorheological activity over a broad temperature range.Type: GrantFiled: December 16, 1993Date of Patent: May 23, 1995Assignee: Lord CorporationInventors: J. David Carlson, Keith D. Weiss
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Patent number: 5397491Abstract: Heat is transferred in a thermodynamic system with a heat transfer medium which is at least one fluid of formula I and/or II, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is ethyl or hydrogen, R.sub.2 is ethyl, R.sub.3 is methyl and R.sub.4 is a benzyl radical.Type: GrantFiled: May 21, 1992Date of Patent: March 14, 1995Assignee: Huels AktiengesellschaftInventors: Gerd Hons, Heinz-Werner Voges
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Patent number: 5391314Abstract: An electroviscous fluid composition comprising a dispersion medium of two nonmiscible components (A) and (B) as below, the volum ratio of (A)/(B) being in the ratio 99/1-1/99, and a dispersoid (C) as below; wherein the true specific gravity of the dispersoid (C) is greater than the specific gravity of said component (A) and less than the specific gravity of said component (B);Component (A):A silicone oil of general formula (I):R.sub.a SiO.sub.(4-a)/2(wherein R, which may be similar or dissimilar, are monovalent hydrocarbon groups with 1-18 carbon atoms and "a" lies in the range 1.8<a<3.0.) having a viscosity of 1-1,000 centistokes at 25.degree. C. and a specific gravity of 0.8-1.5,Component (B):A synthetic fluorinated oil having a viscosity of 1-1,000 centistokes at 25.degree. C. and a specific gravity greater than 1.Type: GrantFiled: September 3, 1993Date of Patent: February 21, 1995Assignee: Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.Inventors: Masahiko Minemura, Satoshi Kuwata
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Patent number: 5387370Abstract: Electroviscous fluid according to the present invention is used for vibration control machines and devices such as variable damper, engine mount, bearing damper, clutch, valve, shock absorber, precision machine, accoustic machine, etc. and for display element. It has high electroviscous effect and wider application temperature range, and the electroviscous effect is stable.Type: GrantFiled: March 24, 1993Date of Patent: February 7, 1995Assignee: Tonen CorporationInventors: Hirotaka Tomizawa, Makoto Kanbara, Tetsuo Miyamoto
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Patent number: 5387360Abstract: An engine antifreeze coolant composition comprising a major amount of glycols as the main constituent which contains at least one conventional corrosion inhibitor except silicates, and about 0.005 to about 0.5% by weight of citric acid and/or salts thereof as an essential constituent. The compositions are pollution-free and nontoxic, and have a good corrosion-preventing effect on metallic materials such as aluminum alloys for use in internal combustion engines.Type: GrantFiled: October 5, 1993Date of Patent: February 7, 1995Assignee: Ethylene Chemical Co., Ltd.Inventors: Hideharu Uekusa, Kouzou Matsuzaki
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Patent number: 5385688Abstract: An antifreeze gel composition is provided which is particularly useful in preventing ice formation and in dissolving ice already formed in a cable conduit line. The composition includes a water soluble antifreeze agent such as an alkylene glycol, a thickening agent, and water. A two-part chemical duct block kit for use in a cable conduit is also provided which includes the above antifreeze gel composition containing additional alkylene glycol in a first container, and a solid absorbing agent powder for aqueous liquids in a second container. When the powder is added to the antifreeze composition, a solid composition is formed which can block liquids and gels from passing through a conduit.Type: GrantFiled: January 8, 1993Date of Patent: January 31, 1995Assignee: American Polywater CorporationInventors: Win R. Miller, Sheri H. Dahlke, John M. Fee
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Patent number: 5384059Abstract: Mixtures consisting essentially of cyclohexylbiphenyls, dicyclohexylbenzenes, phenylbicyclohexyls and tercyclohexyls are outstandingly suitable as heat transfer media. The mixtures can be prepared from biphenyl and cyclohexanol in the presence of bleaching earths and subsequent hydrogenation.Type: GrantFiled: August 20, 1993Date of Patent: January 24, 1995Assignee: Bayer AktiengesellschaftInventors: Alfons Klein, Rudolf Kron, Helmut Fiege, Klaus-Christian Paetz
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Patent number: 5384058Abstract: Unique heat transfer fluid media include (methylbenzyl)xylene or a composition comprising admixture of the compounds (A): ##STR1## in which n.sub.1 +n.sub.2 =0 or 1, wherein a fraction of such compounds (A) n.sub.1 +n.sub.2 =0 and further wherein another fraction of such compounds (A) n.sub.1 +n.sub.Type: GrantFiled: April 20, 1993Date of Patent: January 24, 1995Assignee: Elf Atochem S.A.Inventors: Raymond Commandeur, Jean-Pierre Sarron