Abstract: Hydraulic fluids for automobile suspensions are described. They contain, as a base oil, a mixed oil which in turn contains 70-90 wt. % of an olefin oligomer and 10-30 wt. % of a diester obtained by condensation of an aliphatic dibasic acid having 4-14 carbon atoms and an alcohol having 4-14 carbon atoms. The hydraulic fluids also comprise a phosphate ester friction modifier to improve the friction characteristics and antiwear characteristics in an initial stage and at least one friction modifier selected from the group consisting of phosphite esters and phosphoric ester amine salts to retain low friction characteristics over a long period of time.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid comprising a dielectric particle as the dispersed phase, an insulating oil as the dispersing medium, and an additive, the additive being substantially insoluble in the dispersing medium, and being a composite containing a polysiloxane-containing structural unit (A), and at least one dispersed phase absorbing chain-containing structural unit (B) selected from the group consisting of an alkylene oxide chain-containing structural unit (B-1), a nitrogen atom chain-containing structural unit (B-2), and a long hydrocarbon chain-containing structural unit (B-3).

Abstract: Antifreeze concentrate is disclosed having water soluble liquid alcohol freezing point depressant and corrosion inhibitor comprising carboxylic acids or their salts and a triazole compound, wherein the concentrate contains: (1) C.sub.5 -C.sub.16 aliphatic monobasic acid or the alkali metal, ammonium or amine salt thereof; (2) hydrocarbyl triazole; and (3) imidazole.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a gel-like solid whose viscoelastic properties such as shear modulus and loss factor vary when the solid is exposed to an electric field. The material comprises polarizable particles dispersed in a lightly crosslinked polymer matrix. The non-conductive polymer matrix is the reaction product of liquid prepolymer such as crosslinkable polydimethylsiloxanes and curative therefor. The polarizable particles comprise high dielectric constant material such as zeolite or silicate.

Abstract: A homogeneous electrorheological fluid is disclosed, which mainly comprises a liquid crystal compound in which a plurality of liquid crystal groups are bonded to a molecular chain either directly or via a spacer, or comprises a lyotropic liquid crystal comprising a solute and a solvent. The electrorheological fluid exhibits higher electrorheological effects as well as high response rate and low power driving properties while being free from sedimentation or flocculation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrorheological semisolid capable of changing the rheological characteristics by an application of voltage. The semisolid is composed of 20-70 weight. Parts of carbonaceous particulates having an average particle size of 0.1-500 .mu.m and a carbon/hydrogen atomic ratio (C/H ratio) of 1.2-5 which are dispersed in 80-30 weight % of a dispersion medium comprising a partially crosslinked electric insulating polymer having a penetration of 40-475 at 25.degree. C., or into 80-30 weight % of a dispersion medium selected from an electric insulating oil having a viscosity of 5000 to 10.sup.9 centistokes at 25.degree. C. and an electric insulating polymer having a viscosity of 5000 to 10.sup.9 centistokes at 25.degree. C.

Abstract: A traction fluid lubricant is disclosed which contains a naphthenic ingredient having a weight average molecular weight of 200-300 and obtained by hydrogenating oligomers of cyclopentadiene having a ratio of the number of norbornenic double bond to that of cyclopentenic double bond of smaller than 0.9 but not smaller than 0.1. The naphthenic ingredient is suitably used in conjunction with an auxiliary ingredient selected from a polybutene having a viscosity of 5-60 cSt at 40.degree. C. and a bicyclohexyl compound.

Abstract: Electrorheological fluids which exhibit good high temperature performance are made using as the disperse phase a salt of a polymer of an alkenyl substituted aromatic comonomer such as styrene and a maleic acid comonomer or derivative thereof.

Abstract: Deicing/antiicing fluids for aircraft which contain essentially glycols, crosslinked polyacrylic acid, a nonionic surfactant based on alkoxylated C.sub.10 -C.sub.20 alcohols, corrosion inhibitors, a mixture of NaOH and KOH, an antioxidant and water, reduce the loss of lift by having improved runoff characteristics from the wings while giving a refreeze holdover time of not less than 30 minutes.

Abstract: A method for producing a carbonaceous powder which can be used as dielectric fine particles to be dispersed in an insulating oil to produce an electrorheological fluid is provided. The method comprises the steps of subjecting a starting organic material selected from the group consisting of coal, coal tar, coal tar pitch, liquefied coal, coke, petroleum, petroleum tar, petroleum pitch, and resins to a heat treatment at a maximum temperature of 300.degree. to 800.degree. C. to produce carbonaceous material; pulverizing and classifying the material to produce carbonaceous particles having a mean particle size of 0.5 to 40 .mu.m and a maximum particle size of up to 50 .mu.m; and subjecting the particles to an additional treatment at an elevated temperature and/or a reduced pressure, said additional treatment being carried out at a temperature lower than said maximum temperature of the heat treatment. The resulting carbonaceous powder may optionally be subjected to a further pulverization treatment.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid composition comprising a dispersion of disperse-phase particles formed of a sulfonated polymer possessing aromatic rings substituted with sulfonic acid groups in an electrically non-conducting oil which electrorheological fluid is characterized by the fact that the number of sulfonic acid groups in said sulfonated polymer forming said disperse-phase particles exceeds the number of aromatic rings present in said sulfonated polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrorheological fluids having ceramic particles of high ion conductivity and a nonconducting or dielectric fluid. The high ion conductive particle may be a material having the formula A.sub.1+x Zr.sub.2 Si.sub.x P.sub.3-x O.sub.12, where A is a monovalent ion, such as a material comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Ag and Cu; and x ranges from 0 to 3. The liquid phase may include a silicone fluid or mineral oil. In the case of a mineral oil, the oil may also include an amine-terminated polyester to improve stability of the fluid.

Abstract: An electrorheological material containing a carrier fluid and an ionic dye particle component which is an ionically charged compound based on or derived from a conjugated hydrocarbon compound. A preferred ionically charged compound contains at least one aromatic nucleus that has been sulfonated and/or carboxylated to form a negatively charged system which has, in turn, been offset with a positive ion. The electrorheological material is useful for creating aesthetic visual effects and responds quickly to an electric field.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved corrosion inhibitor system including an oxazoline for an intermediate heat transfer medium for an indirect cooling heat transfer assembly and introduced in an amount of from 100 to 15,000 ppm to one part of the medium.

Abstract: An improved electroviscous fluid formulated with discrete fluids of diverse densities, characterized in that settling of aggregate in functional apparatus is diminished. Aggregate particles having a density between the density of two fluids migrate to the boundary layer of the fluids when the fluids are at rest. By appropriately selecting the volume of the fluids in functional apparatus, the electroviscous fluid aggregate is placed in position for more immediate response when the apparatus is activated by electrical energy.

Abstract: An electrorheological material comprising a carrier fluid and an atomically polarizable particle component. The atomically polarizable particle component has a crystalline lattice structure which allows atoms to shift position with respect to each other in response to the application of an electric field. The electrorheological materials are subjected to an alternating current electric field at a frequency of at least 500 Hz. The materials exhibit substantial electrorheological activity over a broad temperature range.

Abstract: The heat-transfer medium compositions of this invention contain biphenyl, diphenyl ether and diphenylene oxide with diphenylene oxide added in a proportion of 1 to 30% by weight and they are useful for high-temperature equipment such as chemical reactors and solar heat power plants for their long-term serviceability in the vicinity of 400.degree. C. and their fluidity at ambient temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrorheological fluids having ceramic particles of high ion conductivity and a nonconducting or dielectric fluid. The high ion conductive particle may be a beta-alumina material, such as a material having the formula AM.sub.5-11 O.sub.8-17, where A is a monovalent ion, such as a material comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Ag and Te; and M is a trivalent ion, such as a material comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Fe and Ga. The liquid phase may include a silicone fluid or mineral oil. In the case of a mineral oil, the oil may also include an amine-terminated polyester to improve stability of the fluid.

Abstract: A field dependent fluid comprising a liquid phase and an inorganic particulate solid substrate having a coating containing electrically conductive tin oxide on at least a portion thereof, said coated substrate being adapted and structured to provide an electrorheological response to the presence of one or more electrical and/or magnetic fields.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electroviscous liquids consisting essentially of(I) a polymer or polymer mixture,(II) an electrolyte dissolved in (I),.(III) optionally an additive miscible with the solution of (I) and (II),(IV) optionally a viscosity-increasing additive reacting with (I);(V) a dispersant and(VI) a non-aqueous dispersion medium.

Abstract: An electro-rheological fluid comprising an electrically insulating liquid as the dispersion medium, porous solid particles as the dispersed phase, a dispersant, and a polyhydric alcohol having a boiling point of not lower than 250.degree. C., a melting point of not higher than 15.degree. C. and a viscosity of not higher than 300 cp (as measured at 20.degree. C.), or comprising an electrically insulating liquid as the dispersion medium, porous solid particles as the dispersed phase, a polyhydric alcohol and/or water, and an ashless dispersant.

Abstract: In an electroviscous fluid comprising electrically insulating fluid as the dispersant and porous solid particles as the dispersed phase, at lease one substance selected from acid, salt and base and at least one substance selected from polyhydric alcohol and water, and further containing dispersing agent, antioxidant and/or corrosion inhibitor are added to obtain the better effects such as high responsiveness in wide temperature range up to high temperature, high reproducibility, excellent electroviscous effect and the higher durability.Therefore, the electroviscous fluid by this invention is useful, for example, for the control systems utilizing viscosity change, and it is capable to increase the control accuracy, particularly in the operation at high temperature.

Abstract: A traction fluid comprising:(i) a diesteric compound or its derivative represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein A' is an ester linkage of --COO-- or --OOC--, n is a number having a value of from 1 to 10, R.sub.1 is independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl groups containing from 1 to 8 carbons, and R.sub.2 is independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl group containing from 1 to 3 carbons; and(ii) from 0.1 to 95% by weight of a branched poly-.alpha.-olefin .

Abstract: Disclosed is an aqueous composition prepared by dispersing water in a base fluid in the presence of surfactants, which composition comprises, as the surfactants,(A) at least one of the compounds represented by the general formula:R.sup.1 --O--(R.sup.2 --O)n.sup.-Hwherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is an alkylene group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and n is an intefer of 1 to 20; however, when n is an integer of 2 or more, the repeating unit (R.sup.2 --O) may contain both of alkylene groups having 2 carbon atoms and alkylene groups having 3 carbon atoms mixedly, and(B) at least one ionic surfactant.The aqueous composition of the present invention is transparent in appearance, and has a low viscosity, and can employ a fluid having a high viscosity to obtain a composition of desired viscosity. Said composition is also excellent in mechanical and chemical stabilities. In said composition, phase inversion by temperature is reversible.

Abstract: A powder having improved oxidation resistance and controlled electrical properties is obtained by dispersing minute particulates in a matrix phase to form composite particles. The minute particulates may be distributed uniformly or non-uniformly such that the particulates are dense near the surface and sparse near the center of each particle or inversely. The matrix phase has a moderate conductivity of 10.sup.-10 to 10.sup.2 Scm.sup.-1, and the dispersed particulates have a low conductivity of up to 1/10 of that of the matrix phase, typically up to 10.sup.-2 Scm.sup.-1. Alternatively, the matrix phase has a lower conductivity and the dispersed particulates have a moderate conductivity. The powder is dispersed in an insulating oily medium to form an electrorheological fluid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrorheological fluid which is capable of increasing viscosity under an application of electric potential difference.An electrorheological fluid according to the present invention comprises dielectric particulates dispersed in a highly electrically insulating oily medium, in which the particulates are carbonaceous particulates having an atomic ratio of carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms (C/H) of 1.70-3.50 and an average particle size of from 0.01 to 100 .mu.m, and the oily medium is an electrical insulating oil having a dielectric constant of not less than 3 and a volume resistivity of not less than 10.sup.9 .OMEGA..multidot.cm.

Abstract: The composition and process described herein involve a mixture of parts by weight approximately 30-50% toluene, 12-28% acetone, 12-28% dichlorobenzene,, 5-15% thin motor oil and 5-20% of kerosene, preferably 40%, 20% 20%, 10% and 10% respectively. This mixture may be added to and left in the transmission oil for prolonged periods or may be drained with the transmission after thorough mixing or after a short period of operation, the mixture of transmission oil and additives may be drained and replaced with fresh transmission oil. In each of these cases there is improved operation of the transmission.

Abstract: An aqueous hydraulic fluid comprising as, active ingredients, 5-30% by weight of alkylpolyglycoside, 0-20% by weight of surfactant additives, and 0-10% by weight of nonsurfactant additives; and water to 100% by weight; the proportion of active ingredients in the fluid being at most 40% by weight; provides a medium for energy transfer having adequate viscosity and good lubricating action at low concentrations of active ingredients.

Abstract: An electroviscous fluid comprising an electrical insulating liquid and fine particles dispersed therein, wherein the fine particles are spherical particles containing an electrolytic solution, obtained by hydrolysis and polycondensation of a metal alkoxide or its derivative.

Abstract: A process for making a compliant thermally conductive, preferably dielectric, compound that enhances the power dissipation capability of high-powered electrical components such as bipolar VLSI semiconductor chips. The compound has chemically stable thermal conduction and viscosity properties; is not subject to phase separation during use and may be applied in small gaps to maximize thermal conduction. The compound preferably comprises a liquid carrier having thermal filler particles dispersed therein and a coupling agent having a functionality which is reactive with the calcined surface of the thermal filler particles, and a functionality having preferential wetting of the thermal filler particles over self-condensation. Additional additives such as fumed silica and polyisobutylene enhance the phase stability and resistance to thermo-mechanical shear force degradation of the thermally conductive compound encountered during functional usage, e.g., fluctuating power cycles.

Abstract: Electrorheological solids are compositions which undergo phase change from olid phase to fluid or gel phase when activated by electric field. Objects comprising electrorheological solid compositions can be electrically repaired by electrically inducing solid to fluid phase change. Furthermore, while in fluid phase, the object shape can be altered to render a new object.

Abstract: A phase changing composition for making articles that can be influenced as o shape and cure time by the application of an electric field. Also disclosed are apparatus and processes for using the material. The composition is characterized in that under the influence of an electrostatic field, the cure time of the composition is significantly shorter.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition comprising:(A) at least one dicarboxylic acid or anhydride or at least one ammonium or metal salt of the dicarboxylic acid or anhydride; and(B) at least one compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl, polyalkoxyalkyl or hydroxypolyalkoxyalkyl; and R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbyl group. In another embodiment, the compositions include (C) at least one acid, or ammonium or metal salt of the acid represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8 and R.sub.9 are each independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl groups; and n is a number from 1 to about 10;(D) at least one ester-salt derived from at least alkyl or alkenyl succinic acid or anhydride of about 8 to about 28 carbon atoms and at least one alkanol amine;or mixtures of (C) and (D).The invention further provides for concentrates and functional fluids containing the above corrosion-inhibitors.

Abstract: Heat transfer, lubricating, functional and/or insulating fluid compositions for use in apparatus such as electrical transformers contain up to 25 weight percent of one or more oil additives and a 1-octene and/or 1-decene dimer and/or a 1-octene and 1-decene co-dimer oil having improved low temperature properties which oil contains less than about 2.5 weight percent of, respectively, the 7-methylpentadecene, 9-methylnonadecene and, 7- and 9-methylheptadecene isomers. The dimers can be hydrogenated to provide the saturated counterparts of the isomers.

Abstract: A water washable thermally conductive grease useful for thermal coupling of electronic chips and heat sinks in electronic modules comprises a hydrophilic liquid polymer carrier, an antioxidant, and up to 90 weight percent of a microparticulate thermally conductive filler. In a preferred embodiment, the thixotropic dielectric composition further comprises an ionic surfactant to promote wetting/dispersion of the microparticulate filler. The thermally conductive grease is non-corrosive, resistant to shear induced phase destabilization and capable of being washed from module surfaces with aqueous solutions. Substitution of the present hydrophilic based greases for art-recognized solvent washable greases eliminates use of non-aqueous solvents in electronic module processing/reprocessing operations.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrorheological fluids having ceramic particles of high ion conductivity and a nonconducting or dielectric fluid. The high ion conductive particle may be a beta-alumina material, such as a material having the formula AM.sub.5-11 O.sub.8-17, where A is a monovalent ion, such as a material comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Ag and Te; and M is a trivalent ion, such as a material comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Fe and Ga. The liquid phase may include a silicone fluid or mineral oil. In the case of a mineral oil, the oil may also include an amine-terminated polyester to improve stability of the fluid.

Abstract: Heat transfer fluids having high thermal stability are comprised of certain polyether polyols. The heat transfer fluids are used as solder fluids and in metal quenching and tempering baths, in solder reflow or alloying baths, and as lubricants for vulcanizing rubber hose.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydraulic fluid composition comprising: (a) a base fluid and (b) as an anti-mist additive, an alkylene-vinyl ester copolymer having a molecular weight of between about 5,000 and about 100,000 and soluble in said base fluid. In another aspect, the present invention relates to a process for imparting flame retardancy and reduced wear characteristics to a hydraulic system which comprises adding to the hydraulic system the above-identified hydraulic fluid composition.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrorheological fluids having ceramic particles of high ion conductivity and a nonconducting or dielectric fluid. The high ion conductive particle may be a material having the formula Na.sub.3 PO.sub.4. The liquid phase may include a silicone fluid or mineral oil. In the case of a mineral oil, the oil may also include an amine-terminated polyester to improve stability of the fluid.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrorheological fluids having ceramic particles of high ion conductivity and a nonconducting or dielectric fluid. The high ion conductive particle may be a material having the formula A.sub.x (L.sub.x/2 Sn.sub.1-(x/2))O.sub.4, where A is a monovalent ion, such as a material comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of Na and K; and x ranges from 0 to 1; and L is a divalent ion, such as a material comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca and Zn. The liquid phase may include a silicone fluid or mineral oil. In the case of a mineral oil, the oil may also include an amine-terminated polyester to improve stability of the fluid.

Abstract: A deicer composition contains a deicing compound plus between about 0.5 and about 5.0 weight percent of a gelling agent, such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, to minimize spalling of concrete to which the deicer composition is applied.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrorheological fluids having ceramic particles of high ion conductivity and a nonconducting or dielectric fluid. The high ion conductive particle may be a material having the formula A.sub.5 MSi.sub.4 O.sub.12, where A is a monovalent ion, such as a material comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, and Ag; and M is a trivalent ion, such as a material comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of Sc, Fe, Y, In, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu. The liquid phase may include a silicone fluid or mineral oil. In the case of a mineral oil, the oil may also include an amine-terminated polyester to improve stability of the fluid.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrorheological fluids having ceramic particles of high ion conductivity and a nonconducting or dielectric fluid. The high ion conductive particle may be Zr(HPO.sub.4).sub.2.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrorheological fluids having ceramic particles of high ion conductivity and a nonconducting or dielectric fluid. The high ion conductive particle may be a material having the formula Li.sub.y Si.sub.1-x Al.sub.x O.sub.4, where A is a material comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of Ge, P, and Ti, x ranges from 0 to 1, and y ranges from about 3 to about 4. The liquid phase may include a silicone fluid or mineral oil. In the case of a mineral oil, the oil may also include an amine-terminated polyester to improve stability of the fluid.

Abstract: Electrorheological fluids display swift and reversible increase in apparent viscosity under application of an electrical potential difference to the fluid, and are composed generally of electrical insulating oily medium and dielectric fine-particles dispersed therein.It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrorheological fluid capable of exhibiting enhanced electrorheological effect with smaller electric power consumption.Electrorheological fluid according to the present invention comprises particulates having a specific gravity of not smaller than 1.2 and water content of not larger than 4 wt. % dispersed in an electrical insulating oily medium havingf P.dbd.N bonds in the molecule.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrorheological fluids including vermiculite treated with an amine salt, methods of making the same, propylene carbonate adsorbed on the solid phase, butyl benzoate added for the liquid phase, and methods of using frequency response of electrorheological fluids to vary apparent viscosity and to compensate for temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrorheological fluids including vermiculite treated with an amine salt, methods of making the same, propylene carbonate adsorbed on the solid phase, butyl benzoate added for the liquid phase, and methods of using frequency response of electrorheological fluids to vary apparent viscosity and to compensate for temperature.

Abstract: Precipitation of salts from glycol-based fluids when mixed with water is prevented by the addition of copolymers or terpolymers of acrylic acid or alkali metal salt thereof and one or more of the monomers selected from the group consisting of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropyl sulfonic acid or metal salt thereof, 4-styrenesulfonic acid or metal salt thereof, a lower alkyl hydroxy acrylate, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A method of making a methyl methacrylate-lauryl methacrylate copolymer for use as a non-dispersant, shear stabilizing, wear inhibiting and VI-improving additive in hydraulic fluids and lubricating oils comprises:(a) first reacting a weight ratio of 10-20 parts methyl methacrylate to 80-90 parts lauryl methacrylate in the presence of 1.0-2.0 weight percent of an alkyl mercaptan at a temperature of 150.degree.-200.degree. F.;(b) further reacting the reaction product of step (a) in the presence of 0.01-1.0 weight percent of azobis (isobutyronitrile) catalyst at a temperature of 150.degree.-200.degree. F.; and(c) thereafter heating the reaction product of step (b) at a temperature of 200.degree.-300.degree. F.A concentrate composition comprising a base oil and an effective amount of the methyl methacrylate-lauryl methacrylate copolymer is particularly useful as an additive for use in high-VI hydraulic fluids and lubricating oils.

Abstract: A functional fluid composition comprises a homogeneous mixture of diphenyl ether and benzophenone and at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of dibenzofuran and naphthalene. In a more specific embodiment, a functional fluid composition comprises a homogeneous mixture of diphenyl ether employed in an amount from about 5 to about 80 weight percent, benzophenone employed in an amount from about 5 to about 50 weight percent, and at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of dibenzofuran and naphthalene employed in an amount from about 5 to about 25 weight percent, the diphenyl ether, the benzophenone, and the at least one additional functional fluid composition is thermally stable up to at least about 650.degree. F. and has a freezing point of less than about 54.degree. F.