Abstract: Corrosion protection of magnesium and aluminum alloys in engine coolants and heat-exchange fluids is achieved by the use of a select group of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylate acids or the alkaline metal, ammonium or amine salts thereof in combination with a fluoride and/or a fluorocarboxylic acid or salt thereof. These compositions have been found to significantly improve the high temperature magnesium corrosion protection properties of coolants, and are of use in automobile engine coolant systems.

Abstract: A chemical composition and method of deployment into a coolant or coolant systems to provide at least one benefit to the system. The additive compositions includes a silicate component and a silicate stabilizer, the compositions being in the form of a solid, a non-flowable semi-solid or a flowable semi-solid which is dissolved into a coolant and enters the cooling system so as to provide at least one benefit to a coolant system when released, for example, to protect an engine. The method of deployment into the coolant and subsequently the cooling systems includes injecting or dissolving the additive into the coolant, forming the additive to the housing of the system or forming the coolant to the filter located in the housing of the cooling system.

Abstract: A non-aqueous, reduced toxicity polyhydric alcohol based heat transfer fluid is provided comprised of at least one polyhydric alcohol that acts as an ADH enzyme inhibitor, such as for example propylene glycol, thereby reducing the toxicity of ethylene glycol if ethylene glycol. The heat transfer fluid may also include corrosion inhibitors that are soluble in the polyhydric alcohols used for the heat transfer fluid. The heat transfer fluid may be used as a coolant in internal combustion engines such as automobile engines, a coolant for cooling electrical or electronic components, as a heat transfer fluid for solar energy heating systems, or a heat transfer fluid for maintaining temperatures in industrial processes. A low toxicity preparation fluid for absorbing water from heat exchange systems prior to installation of the heat transfer fluid is also provided that is comprised of ethylene glycol and at least one polyhydric alcohol, preferably propylene glycol, that acts as an ADH enzyme inhibitor.

Abstract: Fire hydrants are protected from freezing by including potassium formate, preferably at least 10% by weight, in the water enclosed in them during nonuse.

Abstract: An ice storage element (28), especially for the auxiliary air conditioning system of a motor vehicle, with a hollow body for forming at least one storage space (34) for an ice storage medium (36) which is liquid in the thawed state and which can be brought into heat-conductive connection with a refrigerant. The ice storage medium (36) contains a thickening agent to suppress sloshing of the ice storage medium (36) in the thawed state and to ensure freezing of the ice storage medium (36) in the form of a slush.

Abstract: A glycol-based coolant composition which provides an excellent metal corrosion inhibition despite its low phosphorus content is disclosed. The glycol-based coolant composition contains: (A) 0.1-5.0% by weight of at least one ingredient selected from group A′ consisting of C6-C12 aliphatic dibasic acids and their alkali metal salts; (B) 0.1-10% by weight of at least one ingredient selected from group B′ consisting of alkyl benzoic acids and their alkali metal salts; (C) 0.001-0.1% by weight of at least one ingredient selected from group C′ consisting of strontium compounds and their alkali metal salts; and (D) 0.1-0.3% by weight of at least one ingredient selected from group D′ consisting of phosphoric acids and their alkali metal salts.

Abstract: Transmission fluid compositions comprising a zinc detergent and at least one phosphorus-containing additive have enhanced performance capabilities. The use of the zinc detergent and the phosphorus-containing additive provide transmission fluids that exhibit high steel-on-steel coefficients of friction, particularly useful in continuously variable transmissions (CVT).

Abstract: A composition for enhanced heat transfer fluid performance, comprising a base heat transfer fluid and a nanometer sized phase change material. Introduction of nanometer sized phase change material into the heat transfer fluid leads to improved, high reversible thermal transport properties at elevated temperatures while ensuring low viscosity of the fluid at sub-freezing temperatures. A method for preparing of the heat transfer fluid with enhanced heat transfer performance, comprising making nanometer sized capsules having the phase change material contained therein and dispersing the capsules into the base heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: Disclosed are phosphate ester base fluids and aircraft hydraulic fluids containing a novel combination of phosphate ester components. The disclosed aircraft hydraulic fluids contain from about 30 to about 45 weight percent, based on the total weight of the fluid, of tri-iso-butyl phosphate; from about 30 to about 45 weight percent, based on the total weight of the fluid, of tri-n-butyl phosphate; from about 10 to about 15 weight percent, based on the total weight of the fluid, of one or more triaryl phosphates; and an effective amount of a viscosity index improver, an acid control additive and an erosion inhibitor.

Abstract: A non-corrosive cleaning composition for removing residues from a substrate. The composition comprises: (a) water; (b) at least one hydroxylammonium compound; (c) at least one basic compound, preferably selected from the group consisting of amines and quaternary ammonium hydroxides; (d) at least one organic carboxylic acid; and (e) optionally, a polyhydric compound. The pH of the composition is preferably between about 2 to about 6.

Abstract: Hydraulic oil including an ester of tall oil obtained with at least one polyvalent alcohol selected from the group consisting of a polyhydroxy compound of neopentane and poly(ethyleneglycol), an oxidation inhibitor, a corrosion inhibitor, an antifoam agent, and an EP lubricant.

Abstract: Corrosion protection of magnesium and aluminum alloys in engine coolants and heat-exchange fluids is achieved by the use of a select group of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylate acids or the alkaline metal, ammonium or amine salts thereof in combination with a fluoride and/or a fluorocarboxylic acid or salt thereof. These compositions have been found to significantly improve the high temperature magnesium corrosion protection properties of coolants, and are of use in automobile engine coolant systems.

Abstract: This invention relates to antifreeze compositions comprising a mixture of organic acid corrosion inhibitors. The compositions comprise (a) from about 90% to about 99.89% by weight of a liquid alcohol which functions as a freezing point depressant, or mixture thereof; (b) from about 0.1% to about 5.5% by weight of a carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic, and aromatic, mono-, di- and tri-carboxylic acids, and salts and isomers thereof, and any mixture thereof, and (c) from about 0.1% to about 2% by weight of a cyclohexenoic acid, or salt, isomer or mixture thereof, having the formula: wherein each of R1, R2 and R3 is, independently, selected from the group consisting of H, OH, COOH, C1-C10 alkyl groups, glycol esters, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A coolant composition containing at least cesium formate is described as well as the use of the coolant composition in radiators and other cooling devices. The coolant composition permits a variety of benefits to the engine performance and operation of the vehicle. Other uses for the cesium formate in cooling systems and other apparatuses are described.

Abstract: A non-aqueous, reduced toxicity diol based heat transfer fluid is provided comprised of at least one diol that acts as an antidote for ethylene glycol poisoning, such as for example propylene glycol. The heat transfer fluid may also include corrosion inhibitors that are soluble in the diols used for the heat transfer fluid. The heat transfer fluid may be used as a coolant in internal combustion engines such as automobile engines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coolant concentrate comprising a) from 0.1 to 6% by weight of at least one monocarboxylic and/or dicarboxylic acid having from 4 to 16 carbon atoms in the form of alkali metal salts, b) from 0.02 to 2% by weight of a triazinetriiminocarboxylic acid in the form of its alkali metal salt, c) from 0.02 to 2% by weight of at least one hydrocarbon triazole, d) from 0.01 to 1% by weight of at least one soluble alkaline earth metal salt, e) if desired, up to 4% by weight of water, and f) glycols to 100% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the concentrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an acid based antifreeze coolant formulation for heavy duty applications such as for diesel engines which may be used for inhibition and prevention erosion and corrosion of aluminum and the corrosion of other metals exposed to an aqueous liquid in automotive coolant systems. The formulation further inhibits mineral scale. It may be packaged as an ethylene glycol based additive for use in new engines or in a concentrated inhibition package as an additive as for reinhibition of used coolant.

Abstract: A monobasic carboxylic acid is used with low levels of molybdate and a triazole compound to produce a well balanced corrosion inhibiting formulation with very low solids to minimize potential deposits and exhibit surprising long life characteristics in engine coolant applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides heavy duty long life corrosion inhibition formulations and compositions for inhibiting mineral scale and the corrosion of metals particularly the cavitation corrosion of aluminum in the presence of aqueous liquids. The combination of a mixture of polymeric polycarboxylates, azoles, molybdenum, and a combination of nitrite and nitrate salts, phosphates, stabilized silicates and transition metal compounds provide a synergistic protective effect against the cavitation corrosion of aluminum in aqueous liquids reducing the corrosion rate and is effective at relatively low concentrations and varying pH ranges.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat transfer liquid for ventilation and air-conditioning installations to be used at low temperatures, in which installations heat is recovered from the exhaust air and conveyed to the supply air by means of a heat transfer liquid. For lowering the costs and eliminating environmental risks, the heat transfer liquid contains potassium formiate and water.

Abstract: The present invention provides corrosion inhibition formulations and compositions for inhibiting mineral scale and the corrosion of metals particularly the cavitation corrosion of aluminum in the presence of aqueous liquids. The combination of a mixture of polymeric polycarboxylates, azoles, nitrate salts, phosphates, stabilized silicates and transition metal compounds provide a synergistic protective effect against the cavitation corrosion of aluminum in aqueous liquids reducing the corrosion rate and is effective at relatively low concentrations and varying pH ranges.

Abstract: Disclosed is a freezable coolant composition used for cold-preservation of, e.g., foods by utilizing the latent heat of fusion at the freezing point which is substantially higher than 0.degree. C. and in the range, for example, from 5.degree. C. to 26.degree. C. The composition is a ternary mixture consisting of: (A) from 98.0 to 8.0% by weight of 1,6-hexanediol; (B) from 0.5 to 3.0% by weight of sodium benzoate; and (C) from 1.5 to 89.0% by weight of water, each percentage being based on the total amount of the components (A), (B) and (C).

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of inhibiting the cavitation-erosion corrosion of aluminum surfaces. The method comprises the step of contacting the aluminum surface with a formulation comprising a corrosion inhibitor composition comprising one or more carboxylic acids, or salts or isomers thereof, and a polymerizable-acid graft polymer which comprises an unsaturated grafting acid and an alkylene oxide polymer, or copolymers thereof. This method has been demonstrated to be a surprisingly effective means to inhibit cavitation-erosion corrosion of aluminum surfaces found in the cooling systems of internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A linear monobasic aliphatic carboxylic acid is used with low levels of molybdate and a hydrocarbyl triazole to produce a well balanced corrosion inhibiting formulation with very low solids to minimize potential deposits and exhibit surprising long life characteristics in engine coolant applications.

Abstract: A glycol-based antifreeze/coolant concentrate to be blended in coolant in a cooling system of a vehicle is disclosed, which can effectively inhibit occurrence of cavitation damage in the cooling system while suppressing production of nitrosoamine which is a known carcinogenic substance. A glycol-based antifreeze/coolant concentrate of the present invention contains a 0.05-8.0 wt. % p-toluate and a 0.01-1.0 wt. % molybdate.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid composition comprises dielectric particles as a disperse-phase and an electrically insulating oil as a dispersion medium, wherein the dielectric particle has a polymer portion and an electrically conductive carbon black portion and the polymer portion is grafted on the carbon black portion. The electrorheological fluid composition shows a large change in viscosity and the small current properties under an applied electric field, and excellent fluidity and dispersion stability in an absence of an applied electric field.

Abstract: An antifreeze/coolant composition is disclosed, which can effectively inhibit corrosion of metals, particularly cast aluminum and cast iron, and can also inhibit cavitation damage to metals in an engine cooling system. The antifreeze/coolant composition comprises a glycol as the chief ingredient, 0.1-0.5% by weight of at least one ingredient selected from among hexanoic acid heptanoic acid and their salts, and 0.1-0.5% by weight of at least one ingredient selected from among alkylbenzoic acids having C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl and their salts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a concentrate for a heat transfer medium for solar units, comprisinga) from 45 to 98% by weight of triethylene glycol and/or tetraethylene glycol,b) from 1 to 55% by weight of 1,2-propylene glycol and/or ethylene glycol, andc) from 1 to 6% by weight of corrosion inhibitors.The concentrate is used in admixture with water for heat transport in solar units.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel silicate-, borate- and nitrate-free antifreeze concentrates based on alkylene glycols or derivatives thereof which include an inhibitor combination essentially comprising salts of carboxylic acids together with hydrocarbon-triazoles and/or -thiazoles. These antifreeze concentrates are, in particular, entirely free from any salts of inorganic acids as corrosion inhibitors. The invention also relates to ready-to-use aqueous coolant compositions comprising these antifreeze concentrates.

Abstract: A controlled-release supplement coolant additive for use in diesel engine coolant systems comprising a core containing at least one supplemental coolant additive (SCA) active component and a polymeric coating material encapsulating said core. The controlled released supplement coolant additive slowly releases the SCA active components to a diesel engine coolant system, thereby delivering an effective concentration level of SCA active components over an extended period. The controlled-release supplement coolant additive maintains a minimum concentration level of active SCA components in the coolant system. Additionally, the controlled-release supplemental coolant additive prevents overdosing the coolant system with particular SCA active components such as nitrates.

Abstract: An anti-freeze concentrate made by adding together at least:a) an alkylene glycol;b) an effective corrosion inhibiting amount, or more, of an unsubstituted benzoic acid; andc) an effective corrosion inhibiting amount, or more, of a C.sub.7 -C.sub.14 monocarboxylic acid.This formulation is particularly effective at inhibiting corrosion in coolants which are free of borates, primary and secondary amines, phosphates, silicates, as well as those coolants which are free of p-tertbutyl benzoic acid.

Abstract: An antifreeze/coolant position is disclosed, which can effectively inhibit corrosion of metals, particularly cast aluminum and cast iron, and can also inhibit cavitation damage to metals in an engine cooling system. The anitifreeze/coolant composition comprises a glycol as the chief ingredient, 0.1-0.5% by weight of at least on ingredient selected from among C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aliphatic monobasic acids and their salts, and 0.1-5.0% by weight of at least one ingredient selected from among cinnamic acid, alkylcinnamic acids, alkoxycinnanic acids and their salts.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of inhibiting the corrosion of flux-treated metal surfaces. The method comprises the step of contacting the flux-treated metal surface with a formulation comprising a corrosion inhibitor composition comprising one or more mono-carboxylic acids, or salts or isomers thereof, and an effective amount of a corrosion inhibiting surface active agent such as a water soluble alkali or alkaline earth metal nitrate salt. This method has been demonstrated to be a surprisingly effective means to inhibit corrosion of flux-treated metal surfaces found in the cooling systems of internal combustion engines.

Abstract: Heat-accumulating microcapsule dispersion includes a microcapsule provided as a small-diameter heat-accumulating material including organic compound functioning as heat accumulating material in association with a phase change thereof accommodated within a microcapsule, heat transfer fluid medium including a number of the microcapsules dispersed stably therein, and a number of thermal boundary layer stirring particles dispersed in the heat transfer fluid medium. The stirring particles has a volume average particle diameter between 0.1.times.D and 1.9.times.D relative to a layer thickness D of a thermal boundary layer formed inside a heat exchanging passage through which the dispersion is caused to flow. The particles stir the thermal boundary layer in association with movement thereof inside the heat exchanging passage.

Abstract: An antifreeze/coolant composition is disclosed, which can effectively inhibit corrosion of metals, particularly cast aluminum and cast iron, and can also inhibit cavitation damage to metals in an engine cooling system. The antifreeze/coolant composition comprises a glycol as the chief ingredient, 0.1-0.5% by weight of at least one ingredient selected from among C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aliphatic monobasic acids and their salts, and 0.1-0.5% by weight of at least one ingredient selected from among alkoxybenzoic acids having C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxy and their salts.

Abstract: The multifunctional lubricant additive compositions of the invention preferably contain a methylene bis(dibutyldithiocarbamate) as an antiwear and extreme pressure additive, a 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivative as an antioxidant and antiwear additive, a tolutriazole compound as an antioxidant and corrosion inhibitor, a glycerol monooleate as a friction modifier, a calcium sulfonate as a detergent and extreme pressure additive, a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate as an antiwear and antioxidant additive, a polymethylacrylate as a dispersant, a polyol ester as a carrier and friction modifier, a red dye for leak detection, and optionally, solvent neutral oil and a pour point depressant.

Abstract: An effective metal corrosion inhibitive coolant composition having an excellent pH stabilizing property is disclosed, comprising a glycol as a main ingredient, at least one C 4-C 16 alkenylsuccinic acid or its alkali metal salt in an amount of 0.5-5.0 wt. %, and at least one benzoic acid or its derivative in an amount of 0.5-5.0 wt. %. This coolant composition is further characterized in that no phosphates, amine salts, silicates, borates, or nitrites are contained to avoid their detrimental side effects.

Abstract: An absorbent for use in absorption refrigeration systems, air conditioning systems, heat pumps or dehumidifiers comprising a solution of potassium formate. The absorbent is relatively non-toxic and relatively non-corrosive towards metals. The absorbent is generally water-based but may also comprise ammonia or methanol. Additives such as corrosion inhibitors or other absorbent salts may be included.

Abstract: The addition of an effective amount of a liquid modified diethanolamide which is suitably a reaction product of cocoamide and phthalic anhydride to a calcium chloride composition, which can be a brine solution or a solid, reduces the amount of corrosion of metals by the resulting composition. The calcium chloride/diethanolamide composition can be used as a deicer composition.

Abstract: An antifreeze solution for use in potable water systems is provided which has a distinct, pleasant aroma. The aroma allows the user to determine by smell the presence of the antifreeze solution in the water system. The antifreeze solution contains methyl salicylate, ethyl alcohol and propylene glycol and water in specific proportions to insure against freezing.

Abstract: Coolant compositions are disclosed which include only a minimum amount of metal corrosion inhibitor. The coolant compositions effectively inhibit: (1) metal corrosion; (2) precipitation of the included metal corrosion inhibitor; (3) oxidative deterioration of the included glycol; (4) lowering of the pH value of coolant fluid; and (5) chemical reaction with hard water components. A coolant composition of the invention includes an alkylbenzoic acid (or acids) or a salt (or salts) thereof, a hydrocarbon triazole and an alkali nitrate in addition to a glycol (or glycols) as a base, water and others. It is characteristic that the coolant compositions of the present invention do not include any aliphatic monobasic acids.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting corrosion and the formation of hydrogen and thus improving absorption in an ammonia/water absorption refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump system by maintaining the hydroxyl ion concentration of the aqueous ammonia working fluid within a selected range under anaerobic conditions at temperatures up to 425.degree. F. This hydroxyl ion concentration is maintained by introducing to the aqueous ammonia working fluid an inhibitor in an amount effective to produce a hydroxyl ion concentration corresponding to a normality of the inhibitor relative to the water content ranging from about 0.015 N to about 0.2 N at 25.degree. C. Also, working fluids for inhibiting the corrosion of carbon steel and resulting hydrogen formation and improving absorption in an ammonia/water absorption system under anaerobic conditions at up to 425.degree. F. The working fluids may be aqueous solutions of ammonia and a strong base or aqueous solutions of ammonia, a strong base, and a specified buffer.

Abstract: Homogeneous, electro-viscous fluids are provided which contain aluminum soaps based on products obtained by reacting one or more mono- or polycarboxylic acid(s) or the anhydrides or semi-esters thereof with reactive aluminum compounds, such as aluminum alcoholates. The aforesaid fluids manifest high electro-rheological effect and are completely homogeneous, and do not require a dispersant.

Abstract: A heat transfer fluid is disclosed which comprises a glycol, a phosphate, and a copolymer additive which is a copolymer of an ethylenically substituted carboxylic acid and an aldehyde. A method for preparing the heat transfer fluid comprises admixing 92 to 96 weight percent of one or more glycols; 2 to 4 weight percent of a phosphate; and 0.01 to 0.25 weight percent of the copolymer additive. Precipitation of phosphate salts is inhibited in phosphate-containing glycol-based fluids by the addition of the copolymer additive before mixing the fluid with water.

Abstract: This invention relates to organic acid corrosion inhibitors for use in antifreeze coolant compositions. The corrosion inhibitors comprise a C.sub.8 mono-carboxylic acid component, or isomers and/or salts thereof, and a neo-decanoic acid, or isomers and/or salts thereof. The corrosion inhibitors of this invention provide improved corrosion protection to metal surfaces as compared to conventional inhibitors and provide surprisingly improved corrosion protection as compared to inhibitors containing only a single mono-carboxylic acid component.

Abstract: A controlled-release supplement coolant additive for use in diesel engine coolant systems comprising a core containing at least one supplemental coolant additive (SCA) active component and a polymeric coating material encapsulating said core. The controlled released supplement coolant additive slowly releases the SCA active components to a diesel engine coolant system, thereby delivering an effective concentration level of SCA active components over an extended period. The controlled-release supplement coolant additive maintains a minimum concentration level of active SCA components in the coolant system. Additionally, the controlled-release supplemental coolant additive prevents overdosing the coolant system with particular SCA active components such as nitrates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antifreeze composition containing a water-soluble liquid alcohol and a corrosion inhibitor system comprising (a) a mixture of at least two aromatic or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, or of at least two salts of the said acids, (b) at least one 1,3-diazole chosen from imidazole, benzimidazole, imidazoline and hydrocarbon derivatives thereof, and (c) at least one triazole compound. The aqueous fluids containing the said composition have excellent anticorrosive properties and heat stability over long periods of time, in particular when the fluids are used as heat transfer fluids at temperatures above 150.degree. C.

Abstract: A liquid coolant composition with improved anti-corrosive property contains 85-99 weight % of an agent for lowering the melting point selected from the group consisting of alcohols and glycol, and 1-15 weight % of a rust preventive composition. The rust preventive composition contains 0.00005-0.02 weight % at elemental metal concentration of calcium compounds or a mixture of 0.00005-0.02 weight % each of calcium and magnesium compounds, and at least one kind of rust preventive selected from the group consisting of phosphates, borates, nitrates, molybdates, benzoates, silicates, triazoles, thiazoles, sebacic acid and octylic acid. Still better results are obtained if 0.001-0.02 weight % of at least one kind of polyphosphoric or polycarboxylic acids is additionally contained.

Abstract: An additive to be added to coolant or antifreeze concentrate is disclosed. The additive includes at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of alkoxybenzoic acids and their amine salts, alkali metal salts and ammonium salts.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed which comprises water and at least one carboxylic salt dispersed or dissolved in said water, said salt being derived from:(A)(I) at least one derivative formed by reacting at least one C.sub.