Abstract: A water-glycol energy transmitting fluid having a viscosity of from about 10 to about 200 centistokes at 40.degree. C. comprising:(a) from about 30 to about 40 percent by weight, based upon the total weight of the fluid, of water,(b) diethylene glycol,(c) from about 0.8 to about 5.0 percent by weight, based upon the total weight of fluid, of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having 9 to 12 carbon atoms,(d) a water-soluble polymeric viscosity control agent,(e) A corrosion inhibiting amount of at lease one corrosion inhibitor, and(f) a metal deactivator.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibitor for use in aqueous and liquid alcohol compositions is described comprising the combination of:(a) an alkylbenzoic acid or the alkali metal, ammonium, or amine salt thereof, said acid having the general formula ##STR1## where R is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl radical; (b) a C.sub.8 -C.sub.12 aliphatic monobasic acid or the alkali metal, ammonium, or amine salt thereof; and(c) a hydrocarbyl triazole.Aqueous compositions containing the above-described corrosion inhibitor as well as antifreeze/coolant concentrate and aqueous antifreeze/coolant compositions containing said corrosion inhibitor are also described. The corrosion-inhibitor of the instant invention gives synergistic corrosion protection to metal surfaces as compared with compositions containing either the alkylbenzoic or aliphatic monobasic acid component alone.

Abstract: Improved automatic transmission fluids (ATF's) and gear lubricant compositions comprising a low concentration of an oil-soluble transistion metal compound are provided. The transition metal compound ameliorates low temperature thickening in ATF's and high temperature thickening in gear lubricants.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition comprising and a method for making a thickened liquid abrasive cleanser with enhanced long-term phase stability, said cleanser comprising:(a) a colloidal aluminum oxide thickener having an average particle size, in dispersion, of no greater than 1 micron;(b) a fatty acid soap;(c) a bleach stable nonionic surfactant;(d) a buffer/electrolyte which interacts with the surfactants of (b) and (c) and the thickener of (a) to result in a plastic rheology;(e) a halogen bleach;(f) an abrasive having a particle size of between 1 and 400 microns;(g) a phase stabilizing amount of a C.sub.10-15 alkyl benzene sulfonate; and(h) the remainder, water and minor amounts of miscellaneous additives.

Abstract: Glycol-based coolant mixtures which are free of nitrites and phosphates contain alkali metal salts of bis(carboxyalkyloxyphenyl)-2,2-propane and stabilized silicate and also further corrosion-inhibiting additives.

Abstract: Water-based hydraulic fluids are thickened by admixing the fluid with a viscoelastic surfactant. Viscoelastic surfactants comprise surfactant ions and organic counterions that associate with the hydraulic fluid to form the viscoelastic surfactant. Water-based hydraulic fluids of this invention are highly shear stable and do not experience substantial viscosity loss with an increase in temperature. The hydraulic fluids are capable of providing low amounts of wear in pumping apparatus during use.

Abstract: Hydraulic fluids contain as novel dispersants, reaction products of di- or trisuccinic anhydrides with polyethoxylated alcohols to produce polyethoxylated hydrocarbyl polyanhydrides.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with an anhydrous oily lubricant, which is based on vegetable oils, which is substituted for mineral lubricant oils, and which, as its main component, contains triglycerides that are esters of saturated and/or unsaturated straight-chained C.sub.10 to C.sub.22 fatty acids and glycerol. The lubricant is characterized in that it contains at least 70 percent by weight of a triglyceride whose iodine number is at least 50 and no more than 125 and whose viscosity index is at least 190. As its basic component, instead of or along with the said triglyceride, the lubricant oil may also contain a polymer prepared by hot-polymerization out of the said triglyceride or out of a corresponding triglyceride. As additives, the lubricant oil may contain solvents, fatty-acid derivatives, in particular their metal salts, organic or inorganic, natural or synthetic polymers, and customary additives for lubricants.

Abstract: Aqueous functional fluids, in particular hydraulic and metal-working fluids, containing a copolymer which is prepared by emulsion or solution copolymerization, initiated by free radicals, of unsaturated, copolymerizable monomers, the copolymers being built up from:(a) 1-60% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids,(b) 0.5-30% by weight of a surface-active unsaturated ester,(c) 30-85% by weight of methacrylic acid esters or acrylic acid esters of aliphatic (C.sub.1 -C.sub.18)-alcohols,(d) 0-40% by weight of other ethylenically unsaturated comonomers,(e) 0-3% by weight of polyethylenically unsaturated compounds, and(f) 0-5% by weight of molecular weight regulators, and, if appropriate, the free acid groups of the copolymers subsequently having been partly or completely neutralized by addition of bases, and converted into water-soluble or colloidally water-dispersible copolymer salts.

Abstract: A corrosion-inhibited antifreeze concentrate formulation containing no phosphate, amine, or nitrite compounds consists essentially of:(a) a major amount of a water soluble liquid alcohol freezing point depressant;(b) from 0.1-5.0 weight percent of a C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aliphatic monobasic acid or the alkali metal salt thereof;(c) from 0.1-5.0 weight percent of an alkali metal borate compound; and(d) from 0.1-5.0 weight percent of a hydrocarbyl triazole.The concentrate formulation and aqueous antifreeze formulations of the instant invention give synergistic corrosion protection for a variety of metal surfaces as compared with compositions containing only the aliphatic monobasic acid/salt or alkali metal borate component alone.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for changing the optical and/or physical properties of a fluid composition employ an electric field applied across the fluid for controlling the fluid properties. The fluid consists of a dielectric liquid and an electrically conductive, elongated, fibrous particulate material. The fibrous material has a length between approximately 1000 angstroms and five millimeters, a diameter less than about 700 angstroms, and an aspect ratio of length to diameter greater than about five. The particulate material is in colloidal suspension in the liquid. Generally, when the particles are dispersed in the liquid by Brownian movement forces, the fluid composition has an average separation between particles of approximately three to ten or more times the average length of the particulate material.

Abstract: A boron-containing heterocyclic compound prepared by reacting a primary amine or ammonia with an alkylene oxide or epoxide and then reacting concurrently or subsequently this reaction intermediate with a boric acid. This boron-containing heterocyclic compound may further be reacted with a metal, metaloid or other metal compound and even further contain sulfur, such as a sulfide group.The boron-containing heterocyclic compound provides extreme pressure anti-wear properties when provided in a lubricating composition. The lubricating composition may also comprise anti-oxidants, copper corrosion inhibitors, and lead corrosion inhibitors. The anti-wear properties of a lubricating composition can be enhanced using the borates of the present invention in conjunction with a copper compound.The boron-containing heterocyclic compound may be used in automatic transmission fluids alone, further reacted with an ester of a polyhydric alcohol or mixed with said ester.Automatic transmission fluid compositions are provided.

Abstract: Water-soluble corrosion-inhibiting mixtures containing(a) one or more ammonium salts of fatty acids corresponding to the following general formula ##STR1## in which n=1 or 2 while R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 may be the same or different and represent hydrogen, unbranched or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl groups, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 hydroxyalkylene groups or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 aminoalkylene groups and R.sup.5 represents C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 alkyl groups, and(b) one or more polyol fatty acids and/or salts thereof corresponding to the following general formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.6 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.19 alkyl or alkylene group and R.sup.7 represents an organic residue formed from a dihydroxy or polyhydroxy compound by elimination of a hydroxyl group, M.sup.(+) =H.sup.(+), Na.sup.(+), K.sup.(+) or an ammonium ion [R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 N].sup.

Abstract: A heavy duty supplemental cooling composition for use in diesel engines which comprises a sodium-free buffer, a cavitation liner pitting inhibitor, a metal corrosion and hot surface corrosion inhibitor, a defoamer, a hot surface deposition and scale inhibitor and a detergent. An internal leakage trace element is included to detect leakage into the engine's lubricating oil.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an improved coolant additive having corrosion inhibitive and scale preventative properties. In particular, the inventive additive in its various embodiments is specifically designed to avoid the use of silicates which, as is well known, form deposits which coat the surfaces and passageways of heavy duty diesel and other cooling systems, resulting in shortened life and reduced efficiency thereof. The inventive additive includes sodium hydroxide and/or alkal metal carbonate, ricinoleic acid, Reomet 41, Thiotax, various forms of SMA copolymers, sodium benzoate, sodium nitrate, chelant(s), antifoam agents, dye/pH indicator and soft water (composition solvent), mixed together in predetermined proportions with the various embodiments of the inventive additive including other constituent substances.

Abstract: Hydraulic fluids contain as novel dispersants, reaction products of di- or trisuccinic anhydrides with polyethoxylated alcohols to produce polyethoxylated hydrocarbyl polyanhydrides.

Abstract: This invention relates to thickened high-viscosity water based hydraulic fluids. Such fluids are prepared by blending water, organic thickener and conventional hydraulic fluid additives. Organic thickeners tend to lose their thickening effect with time, and particularly when subjected to oxidizing agents, heat, prolonged use in a pump, etc. In accordance with the instant invention, preservation of the thickener, particularly with respect to viscosity loss, is achieved by blending with the final fluid a fluid concentrate, or the thickener itself, a compound selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, propylene glycol polymers and copolymers containing at least 50 percent by weight of oxypropylene groups, a dimercaptothiadiazole, neodecanoic acid, a hindered phenol antioxidant and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An automobile coolant concentrate comprising (a) a liquid polyhydric alcohol, and (b) a corrosion inhibitor comprising an alkali metal antimony tartrate, preferably with an azole compound, in a corrosion inhibitory amount with respect to corrosion of lead-containing solders.

Abstract: A corrosion-inhibited liquid alcohol antifreeze/coolant composition comprising aliphatic C.sub.5 -C.sub.16 monobasic and C.sub.5 -C.sub.16 hydrocarbyl dibasic acids/salts, a hydrocarbyl azole, and a hydrocarbyl alkali metal sulfonate which is either a C.sub.10 -C.sub.20 alkyl benzene alkali metal sulfonate or a C.sub.10 -C.sub.20 alpha-olefin alkali metal sulfonate having an average molecular weight in the range 200-2000 is described. Aqueous corrosion-inhibited antifreeze/coolant compositions based on the above-described concentrate composition, where said concentrate is diluted with 10-90 weight percent water, are also described.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibitor for use in water and liquid alcohol antifreeze/coolant compositions comprising the combination of a C.sub.5 -C.sub.16 aliphatic monobasic acid or the alkali metal, ammonium, or amine salt of said acid, a C.sub.5 -C.sub.16 hydrocarbyl dibasic acid or the alkali metal, ammonium, or amine salt of said acid, and a hydrocarbyl triazole gives synergistic corrosion protection to metal surfaces as compared with formulations containing either the monoacid or diacid component alone, or formulations containing other conventional corrosion inhibitors.

Abstract: A functional fluid composition is provided suitable for high shear applications employing a major amount of a tertiary-butylphenyl/phenyl phosphate and a minor amount of a polyol ester as a base stock and a homopolymer of polystyrene having a molecular weight between 200,000 and 300,000.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water-based functional fluid thickened by an associative polyether thickener whose thickening ability is enhanced by the addition of certain fatty acid amides.

Abstract: An organic polymer containing composition suitable for use as a quenchant having incorporated therein a non-nitrite inhibitor system, which comprises an aromatic compound having at least one substituent nitro group and/or the water soluble organic or inorganic salt thereof and a hydroxy substituted mono aromatic carboxylic acid and/or the water soluble organic or inorganic salt thereof. In another embodiment a pH adjustment agent capable of providing an initial pH of at least 7.5 is also present.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibited antifreeze composition incorporating a corrosion inhibitor is described. Six dibasic salts of dicyclopentadiene dicarboxylic acid and optionally a triazole comprise the corrosion inhibitor.

Abstract: There are disclosed functional fluid compositions containing a two component friction modifier additive composed of a thio-bis-alkanol succinate ester and a phosphate diester such as dioleyl phosphite. The compositions are especially useful as tractor fluids.

Abstract: Salts having the formula:Y--NH.sub.3.sup.+.RCO.sub.2.sup.- Iin which Y is a group of formula R.sup.1 XCH.sub.2 CH(OH)CH.sub.2 --, R and R.sup.1 are the same or different and each is a straight- or branched chain alkyl group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a straight- or branched chain alkenyl group having from 2 to 18 atoms, a cycloalkyl group having from 4 to 12 ring atoms, an aryl group having 6-10 ring atoms, or an aralkyl group having from 7 to 10 carbon atoms; and X is O, CO.sub.2, NR.sup.2 or S and R.sup.2 is hydrogen, a straight- or branched chain alkyl group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having from 2 to 18 C atoms.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibited antifreeze composition using a three-part corrosion inhibitor mixture is described. A dicarboxylic acid component, an alkali metal silicate and a triazole comprise the three corrosion inhibitors. Use of this type of mixture permits the express exclusion of amines, nitrites, nitrates, chromates, borates and phosphates and their attendant disadvantages. Nevertheless, the inventive system provides excellent corrosion resistance in alcohol-based antifreeze, particularly with respect to aluminum.

Abstract: Non-silicate, non-gelling corrosion inhibited antifreeze compositions containing a water-soluble liquid alcohol freezing point depressant and an inhibitor combination comprising an alkali metal salt of benzoic acid, an alkali metal salt of a dicarboxylic acid and an alkali metal nitrate are described. These formulations work just as well or better than silicate-based formulations in all regards and have the advantage of not having to contain expensive organo silane gellation inhibitors as do silicate-containing antifreezes. The dicarboxylic acid used preferably has eight to twelve carbon atoms.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibited antifreeze composition incorporating a corrosion inhibitor is described. The dibasic salt of naphthalene dicarboxylic acid and optionally a triazole comprise the corrosion inhibitor.

Abstract: The use of methylene azelaic acid having the formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.C--[(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --COOH].sub.2 or an alkali metal salt thereof in glycol and water based automotive antifreeze formulations is described. Unlike natural dicarboxylic acids such as sebacic acid, methylene azelaic acid does not form a precipitate and drop out of solution, rendering the antifreeze unprotected against corrosion. The methylene azelaic acid component should be present in an amount of from 1.5 to 4.5 wt. % based on the glycol component.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved water-based hydraulic fluid composition which comprises an aqueous composition having a viscosity of at least 5 centistokes at 40.degree. C. which contains up to about 95 percent by weight of water, at least 0.1 percent by weight of a carboxylic acid lubricity agent, and an effective amount of at least one selected anti-wear additive; wherein the improvement comprises:said anti-wear agent comprising the combination of:(a) an aromatic compound containing one to three electron-releasing substituent components, wherein said electron-releasing substituents are selected from the group consisting of amino, alkyl-substituted amino having 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, amido groups of the formula --NHC(.dbd.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved water-based hydraulic fluid composition which comprises an aqueous composition having a viscosity of at least 5 centistokes at 40.degree. C. which contains up to about 95 percent by weight of water, at least 0.1 percent by weight of a carboxylic acid lubricity agent, and an effective amount of at least one selected anti-wear additive; wherein the improvement comprises:said anti-wear agent comprising the combination of:(a) mono-, di-, or trihydroxy-substituted aromatic compound; with(b) an aromatic compound substituted with one to three electron-withdrawing substituents, wherein said electron-withdrawing substituents are selected from the group consisting of cyano, sulfo, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved water-based hydraulic fluid composition which comprises an aqueous composition having a viscosity of at least 5 centistokes at 40.degree. C. which contains up to about 95 percent by weight of water, at least 0.1 percent by weight of a carboxylic acid lubricity agent, and an effective amount of an anti-wear additive; wherein the improvement comprises:said anti-wear agent comprising the combination of:(a) mono-, di-, and trihydroxy-substituted aromatic non-carboxylic acid compounds; with(b) substituted aromatic compounds, wherein the substituents comprise mono-, di-, and trinitro groups.

Abstract: The use of dicarboxylic acids or the salts thereof in aqueous solutions to prevent the corrosion of high lead solders contacted thereby is described. These materials are particularly useful in phosphate-based antifreezes. Particularly preferred is the combination of a dicarboxylic acid and an alkali metal molybdate. This mixture gives greater corrosion protection to high lead solder than either component alone.

Abstract: A water base hydraulic fluid is disclosed. The fluid comprises 40 wt % of an amphoteric surfactant of the formula:CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.5 --CH(CH.sub.3)--NHCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 COOHand 10 wt % polypropylene glycol in water.The diluted hydraulic fluid is noted for its good wear characteristics, anticorrosiveness and non foaming nature.

Abstract: A water base hydraulic fluid is disclosed. The fluid comprises 40 wt % of an amphoteric surfactant of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a mixture C.sub.12 alkyl groups and 10 wt % polypropylene glycol in water.The diluted hydraulic fluid is noted for its good wear characteristics, anticorrosiveness and non foaming nature.

Abstract: Highly useful hydraulic fluids based on synthetic hydrocarbon basestocks and having improved low temperature properties, good shear stability, and capable of substantially meeting the rigid Denison HF-O standards are provided. The products of this invention are comprised of specific proportions of a two centistoke synthetic hydrocarbon oil obtained from the oligomerization of alpha-olefins, particularly 1-decene, specific polymethacrylate viscosity index improvers, and a zinc-based universal/multifunctional additive package. The hydraulic fluids have a maximum viscosity of 1400 centistokes at -40.degree. F. and minimum viscosity of 5.5 centistokes at 210.degree. F.

Abstract: Heat exchange fluids are improved by incorporating therein a viscoelastic surfactant composition. The viscoelastic surfactant is employed in an amount sufficient to reduce the friction experienced by the heat transfer fluid in a heat transfer apparatus while providing good heat transfer. The improved fluids are useful in district heating applications.

Abstract: A wire rope for use in a traction type elevator system is coated with a soft-solid agent or a greasy agent having a drip temperature higher than 55.degree. C. and exhibiting physical properties such that it is evaporated in an amount less than 1 weight percent at 105.degree. C. for an interval of eight hours and elevates the coefficient of friction or traction between the wire rope and the drive sheave when coated on the wire rope.

Abstract: In accordance with the instant invention, a water-based hydraulic fluid, having improved anti-wear and corrosion inhibition properties can be obtained by blending neodecanoic acid with a conventional water-based hydraulic fluid composition.

Abstract: Gelation resistant alcohol compositions containing water-soluble silicates are obtained by the use of effective silicate gelation stabilizing amounts of at least one of a polymer of acrylic acid, alkaline earth metal and alkaline earth metal salts thereof; a sugar alcohol; and a water-soluble salt of molybdic, tungstic, or selenic acids.

Abstract: An aqueous hydraulic fluid comprising at least 80 percent water and containing a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid, a zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate, a hydroxyalkylamine, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, and optionally, a polyalkylene glycol mono-fatty acid ester.

Abstract: An electroviscous (EV) fluid composition whose fluid properties are altered in the presence of an electric field comprises water-containing particles of a phenol-formaldehyde polymer dispersed in a non-conducting liquid. The composition, selected from the broad range of fluid compositions of UK Pat. No. 1570234, possesses improved fluid properties combined with markedly reduced electrical conductivity, and is thus more suitable for use in applications such as at the interface between electronics and power hydraulics for example.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the polymer comprises the dilithium salt of 2,2', 4,4' tetrahydroxybenzophenone condensed with formaldehyde, dispersed at 30% V/V in a mixture of brominated diphenyl methane (BDM) liquid components having the averaged formula C.sub.6 H.sub.4 Br.CH.sub.2.C.sub.6 H.sub.5.

Abstract: Water-based hydraulic fluid for use in industrial hydraulic systems comprising (1) a polyether-based thickener, (2) a lubricant modifier (3) a dispersant, (4) an EP additive, and (5) water. Preferably, the thickener is a polyether polyol capped with an alpha olefin oxide; the lubricant modifier is a combination of a hydrocarbon oil, a fatty alcohol and a glycol; the dispersant is the reaction product of an alkenyl succinic anhydride and a dialkyl alkanolamine, and the EP additive is a dialkyl dithiophosphate.

Abstract: Substantially oil-free aqueous industrial fluids possess superior lubricating and wear preventing characteristics and are useful as hydraulic fluids and metalworking compositions. Fluids of the invention comprise (1) an aqueous liquid and (2) a water-soluble synthetic addition copolymer of (a) an ethylenically unsaturated polyalkyleneoxy containing monomer, (b) an ethylenically unsaturated water-soluble monomer and, optionally, (c) an ethylenically unsaturated water-insoluble monomer.The industrial fluids exhibit good Newtonian behavior and mechanical stability at higher shear.

Abstract: Substantially oil-free aqueous industrial fluids possess superior lubricating and wear preventing characteristics and are useful as hydraulic fluids and metalworking compositions. Fluids of the invention comprise (1) an aqueous liquid and (2) a water-soluble synthetic addition polymer of (a) an ethylenically unsaturated crosslinking monomer, (b) an ethylenically unsaturated water-soluble monomer, (c) an ethylenically unsaturated water-insoluble monomer and (d) an ethylenically unsaturated polyalkyleneoxy-containing monomer.The industrial fluids exhibit good Newtonian behavior and mechanical stability at high shear.

Abstract: A novel composition concentrate comprising at least one glycol together with at least one orthosilicate ester having improved stability at a pH of between about 6.0 and about 8.0.

Abstract: Antifreeze compositions and a process for inhibiting the corrosion of aluminum in contact with aqueous liquids are disclosed. The antifreeze compositions comprise a combination of an alkanolamine, an alkali metal phosphate, a heterocyclic nitrogen compound, as defined, and a conventional corrosion inhibitor in effective corrosion inhibiting amounts. The aqueous liquid can be an alcohol such as ethylene glycol.

Abstract: Antifreeze or anticorrosive additive compositions and a process for inhibiting the corrosion of aluminum in contact with aqueous liquids are disclosed. The antifreeze compositions comprise a combination of an amino acid, an alkali metal phosphate, a heterocyclic nitrogen compound, as defined, and a conventional corrosion inhibitor in effective corrosion inhibiting amounts. The aqueous liquid can be an alcohol such as ethylene glycol.

Abstract: The freezing point of an aqueous system is lowered by adding to the system a freezing point lowering quantity of at least one and preferably two or more water soluble salts of dicarboxylic acids having at least three carbon atoms, specifically a dicarboxylic acid selected from the group which consists of adipic, glutaric, succinic and malonic acids, the salt being a sodium, potassium, ammonium or organoamine salt.