Abstract: An improved manufacturing method for the hole-punching assembly of a hole-punching unit is disclosed. The method of the present invention comprises the following steps: (1) forming a plurality of aluminum balancing pieces with a rectangular shape by extrusion, and forming an indentation area on one side of each balancing piece; (2) forming an elongated slot by an application of stamping on the indentation area of each balancing piece; (3) obtaining a plurality of rectangular pieces (the number of which equals that of the balancing pieces), made of iron, and forming a row of holes by a single application of stamping on each rectangular piece; and (4) fitting each of the rectangular pieces onto the indentation area of a balancing piece, and connecting the balancing pieces together by screws or bolts. The manufacturing method can lower the production cost and simplify the production process of the hole-punching assembly.

Abstract: A fence system, and method for making same, includes at least one support member, and at least one infill material having an edge. At least one union strip is coupled to the at least one support member, the at least one union strip including at least one channel configured for receiving the edge of the at least one infill material. In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one channel is U-shaped, and the edge is configured in a U-shape for matingly engaging the at least one U-shaped channel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a combination of a screw member comprising a screw head, a threaded portion and a shank portion which is arranged between the screw head and the threaded portion and has an external diameter that is smaller than the external diameter of the threaded portion, a washer incorporating a passage opening for the screw member and a sleeve the internal diameter of which is greater than the external diameter of the threaded portion of the screw member, whereby said combination is producible in a simple manner but it is nevertheless ensured that the sleeve and the washer are held securely on the screw member.

Abstract: The invention provides a fastening method and a fastening tool which can stably fasten a nut to a bolt securely and with a small dispersion at a desired axial force. A fastened member (20) is fastened by inserting a bolt (21) to the fastened member (20), thereafter temporarily fastening a nut (22) and the bolt (21), pulling a leading end (21b) of a shaft portion (21c) of the bolt (21) in an axial direction of the bolt (21), rotating the nut (22) so as to screw into the bolt (21) while elastically deforming the bolt (21) so as to generate an axial force, and thereafter canceling the pulling of the bolt (21).

Abstract: In order to produce a combination of a screw member comprising a screw head, a threaded portion and a shank portion which is arranged between the screw head and the threaded portion and has an external diameter that is smaller than the external diameter of the threaded portion, a washer incorporating a passage opening the diameter of which is smaller than the external diameter of the threaded portion, and a sleeve the internal diameter of which is greater than the external diameter of the threaded portion, whereby said combination can be produced in a simple manner but nevertheless ensures that the sleeve and the washer are held securely on the screw member, it is proposed that the sleeve have at least one projection which engages in a recess provided in the washer, wherein the sleeve is pressed against the washer in such a manner that the sleeve and the washer are connected together and held captive on the screw member.

Abstract: A method of installing a threaded fastener from one side of a hole through a substrate. The fastener includes a collar and a bolt having a head, a threaded tail portion and a tool engagement portion extending from the tail. The method includes: (a) engaging the tool engagement portion with a bolt engagement portion of a tool (b) passing the bolt through to the far side of the hole and supporting it there by way of the tool, (c) passing the collar through the hole while supporting it with the tool; (d) assembling the bolt and collar to form the threaded fastener having a head larger than the hole; (e) engaging a nut to tighten the fastener; and (f) detaching the tool from the fastener. Separation of the bolt engagement portion and the tool engagement portion is prevented by a moveable member, which engages both portions.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine connecting rod is designed with bolts having a minimum required strength. A strength safety factor Sfa is calculated based on an axial strength limit load FX of the bolt and the maximum load FB to be born by the bolt due to a piston inertia force (Sfa=FX/FB) acting on the connecting rod. A mating surface separation safety factor Sfb is calculated based on the tensile load (FB?FC) resulting from the piston inertia force and the load FE carried by the bolts at a mating surface separation limit, i.e., the maximum bolt load FE at which the connecting rod main body and the cap remain in contact without separating (Sfb=FE/(FB?FC)). The mating surface separation safety factor Sfb of the connecting rod is set to be equal to or larger than the strength safety factor Sfa of the bolts (Sfb?Sfa).

Abstract: The invention relates to both nut assemblies and methods for producing the same. Said nut assemblies consist of a nut body (1a) and a pressure disk (2a). The nut body has a drive portion, such as a polygonal portion, for engaging with a tool and an abutment region that can be brought into contact with the supporting surface of the pressure disk arranged on the nut body in a captive manner. The pressure disk has a central opening into which a neck formed on the nut extends axially at least in part. The neck has a projection for forming a captive connection. This projection radially overlaps or engages the thrust ring.

Abstract: A method of installing a threaded fastener from one side of a hole through a substrate. The fastener includes a collar and a bolt having a head, a threaded tail portion and a tool engagement portion extending from the tail. The method includes: (a) engaging the tool engagement portion with a bolt engagement portion of a tool (b) passing the bolt through to the far side of the hole and supporting it there by way of the tool, (c) passing the collar through the hole while supporting it with the tool; (d) assembling the bolt and collar to form the threaded fastener having a head larger than the hole; (e) engaging a nut to tighten the fastener; and (f) detaching the tool from the fastener. Separation of the bolt engagement portion and the tool engagement portion is prevented by a moveable member, which engages both portions.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for mounting a wheel on an axle housing in the form of an axle tube for vehicles, in particular commercial vehicles. The wheel is fixed with, for example, wheel bolts to a wheel hub, pivoting on the axle stub of the axle tube, and the axle stub is clamped on to an end section of the axle tube as a separate component. For simplicity of manufacture and assembly combined with functional durability, it is proposed that the end section of the axle tube is cylindrical on the inside and has at least one longitudinal slit, that the axle stub fits into the end section of the axle tube with an externally corresponding cylindrical connecting section, and that the end section of the axle tube is radially clamped on to the connecting section of the axle stub by means of at least one longitudinally continuously split clamping ring positioned on the end section of the axle tube.

Abstract: A rotor of a vertical shaft impact crusher includes a vertical rotor wall segment having a first wall portion being substantially tangential in relation to the rotor and a second wall portion being angled in relation to the first wall portion. A tip holder for mounting at an outflow opening of such a rotor includes a holding part for holding a wear tip. A fastening mechanism is attached to the holding part. The fastening mechanism is adapted to extend along the first wall portion and through the second wall portion from one side thereof. A fixing mechanism is detachably fixable to the fastening mechanism at the other side of the second wall portion.

Abstract: An improved rotor design for hammermills. The invention eliminates the solid rotor shaft and replaces it with a tubular structure comprised of two stub rotor shafts with plate flanges and grooved spacer rings therebetween. End head disks, attached to the plate flanges, and intermediate disks are concentrically positioned with the axis of rotation of the assembly. The intermediate disks are held in alignment by the pilot groove located in the spacer rings. The flanges, stub shafts, spacer rings and intermediate disks are supported and held in proper alignment by tension rod compression. The resulting tubular rotor shaft assembly is less massive, more stiff, less susceptible to vibration, has a reduced bending stress, is less expensive to startup and operate and less expensive and more flexible in terms of component inventory than known solid through-shaft rotors.

Abstract: A method of securing a nut plate to a workpiece includes the step of providing a nut plate include a nut, a holding bracket having tubular and bracket portions, and a stem. The tubular portion has an aperture therethrough which is inwardly tapered from a first end to a second end thereof. The stem is positioned within the aperture of the tubular portion. The tubular portion is positioned within an aperture defining a wall of a workpiece, such that the bracket portion rests on top of the workpiece. The nut is retained within the bracket portion. A force is applied to the stem such that the head expands the tubular portion radially outwardly from the first end to the second end such that the tubular portion becomes secured to the wall. The holding bracket may be formed of two separate elements, a sleeve having a tubular portion and a bracket.

Abstract: A method of assembling a captive panel fastener to a printed circuit board comprises the steps of placing an axially-extending shank of a captive fastener retainer through a mounting hole in a printed circuit board, soldering the retainer to the printed circuit board, cooling the retainer, and then affixing a retractable screw assembly including a plastic screw cap to the retainer by snap attachment of the screw cap to an outside surface of the retainer.

Abstract: A first rotor piece includes a first ring provided with a succession of holes and notches. An assembly is formed by a second rotor piece fixed to a third rotor piece. The second piece ends downstream in a second ring including holes. The third piece ends upstream in a third ring including holes. The second and third rings are arranged against each other with their holes in alignment, and are fixed together by first fasteners. The first ring is arranged upstream of and against the assembly so that the notches fit around the first fasteners so that some of the holes of the first ring are aligned with holes of the assembly, with second fasteners fixing the first ring to the assembly.

Abstract: An apparatus for making temporary road mats characterized by multiple layers of mutually perpendicular elongated timbers having an array of vertical intersections aligned in lateral rows. The apparatus includes a gang drill that moves relative to a roughly assembled mat for sequentially drilling the lateral rows of intersections.

Abstract: A method and system for reducing the cost of a vacuum processing system by utilizing separately fabricated parts for the walls and the tops and bottoms of chambers. Walls are formed from cylinders (e.g., aluminum tubing or rolled ring forgings), and plates are then hermetically sealed to the top and bottom of the cylinder. Fasteners (and the vacuum inside the chamber) clamp the plates to the cylinder.

Abstract: A fastener for mounting elongated material, such as cables and wires, to a supporting structure includes a major body portion having an aperture for receiving elongated materials of various dimensions, and at least one anchor bore through which an anchor is inserted for securing the fastener to the supporting structure. The fastener also includes a prong that is engagable with the anchor for preventing the major body portion from slipping off the anchor. The fastener may include a flexible base member for receiving the elongated material, or the fastener may includes a wire tie slot through which a wire tie can be passed for holding multiple pieces of material in position. The method of installing the fastener includes securing the anchor to the supporting structure, and then sliding the major body portion, with the elongated material positioned within the aperture, onto the anchor.

Abstract: A modular synthetic grass playing surface system formed from a plurality of modular units. Each modular unit has a synthetic grass layer placed upon predetermined sized pallets having a pre-installed elastomeric layer. A layer of resilient particle infill is optionally introduced to the top surface of the modular unit. A corrugated plastic sleeve is optionally installed around each formed modular unit while the modular unit is stored and moved. A plurality of modular units are then installed onto a relatively flat surface to form the playing surface in a desired shape and size.

Abstract: A fastening arrangement for a center console module of a motor vehicle includes a transversely extending assembly carrier, a pedal bracket rigidly fastened to the assembly carrier, and a front wall cover connected with the pedal bracket. The assembly carrier is fastened by way of first screwed connections to the two adjoining opposite A-columns, and the front wall cover is fastened by way of second screwed connections to the front wall.

Abstract: A coupling device (11) and method of assembly, the device being of the type including a plenum member (17) disposed at one axial end of the coupling housing (13,15), the method comprising configuring the plenum member (17) such that each of the required features (55,57,61,66) is disposed circumferentially between an adjacent pair of fastener holes (18H). Next, the input ring gear (R) is installed about the housing (13,15) of the coupling device (11), from an axial end opposite said plenum member (17), into assembly position adjacent said flange portion (18). Each of a plurality (N) of fasteners (89) is inserted through one of the fastener holes (18H) and into initial threaded engagement with the input ring gear (R). Finally, by means of a fastener driver, all of the plurality (N) of fasteners (89) are driven into full threaded engagement, substantially simultaneously, with the input ring gear (R).

Abstract: A post attachment device for connecting a helmet to a head and neck support. The device includes a post anchor having a base, a button, a resilient member, a post, a retainer and a catch having a slot with a larger first section connected by a channel to a smaller second section. The button is positioned in an indention in the base with the resilient member positioned therebetween. The post extends through the button, the base and the helmet. The retainer is secured on the post adjacent the inner surface of the helmet. To secure the post attachment device, the catch is orientated over the post. The button is then depressed into the base while the catch is moved backwards to move the post into the second section of the slot.

Abstract: An fastener for securing fixtures to buildings or other base materials. The fastener is assembled by a mechanical engagement between two pieces. The first piece includes a first and second bore. The first bore may be connected to a fixture, such as a pipe hanger, and the second bore is mechanically engaged with the second piece, which may include a self-tapping screw.

Abstract: A rivet splice that holds an upper and a lower sheet metal end portion together includes at least one row (6) of rivets that is subject to dynamic loads and a further row (7) of rivets that holds the sheet metal end portions together so that a limited sliding motion between the sheet metal end portions is possible. The further row (7) of rivets is positioned between an end edge (4A) of an upper sheet metal end portion and the at least one row (6) of rivets. The limited sliding motion provides a load relief of the at least one row of rivets thereby reducing the starting of cracks at the walls of the rivet holes and impeding the spreading of cracks.

Abstract: A bracket for pivotally mounting a handle adjacent to an opening of a vehicle includes a handle receiving portion adapted to receive an end of the handle, a pivot pin for pivotally mounting the end of the handle at the handle receiving portion, and at least one mounting hole or aperture. The handle receiving portion is configured to retain the end of the handle such that the handle is in an in use position or a stored position. The pivot pin extends downward from the handle receiving portion and includes a biasing member to bias the handle at either position. The mounting aperture is accessible for securing the bracket to a surface of the vehicle when the pivot pin and the handle are assembled to the bracket. The bracket and the handle thus may be mounted to the wall of the vehicle as a pre-assembled unit.

Abstract: A washer has a body having an axis and provided with a first bearing face surface located at one axial side and adapted to cooperate with a nut, a second bearing face surface located at an opposite axial side and adapted to cooperate with an object, at least one third turning resistant surface adapted to cooperate with a thread of the bolt, the body having at least one resistive point arranged so that when the nut is turned and turns the bolt the body of the washer stops the bolt from turning and thereby the nut creates a pull on the bolt which elongates the bolt in an axial direction and applies to the body of the washer an axial force which overcomes the at least one resistive point so that a portion of the body of the washer is allowed to be pulled axially when the bolt elongates. Also, a fastener with the washer is provided, as well as a method of and a tool for fastening objects with the use of the washer.

Abstract: A method for displaying an advertisement panel upon a road barrier having a base, a vertical partition having front and rear surfaces, and transverse cavities extending between the surfaces, using a display assembly having a panel sleeve and a pair of mounting brackets for securing the sleeve against the barrier. Each mounting bracket has an insert for extending partially into the transverse cavities. One mounting bracket is mounted against the vertical partition front surface and the other against the vertical partition rear surface. The inserts of the mounting brackets are simultaneously brought into close proximity within the cavities and are mated to hold the brackets and the panel sleeve securely against the vertical partition. The panel sleeve is secured to the mounting bracket and has a horizontal top lip and a horizontal bottom lip. The advertising panels may be easily inserted therebetween for display and removed when desired.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for securing a handle to a door includes a first clip fastened to the door, a second clip fastened to the door and a handle clamped to the door by the first and second clips. The clip has a flat surface with an aperture therethrough and two wings at one end. A bent or beveled portion at the other end of the flat surface allows the clip to clamp the inner wall of the handle. A fastener, such as a screw, is placed through the aperture in the clip and into the exterior surface of the door to secure the clip and the handle to the door.

Abstract: A method of attaching an axle of a golf cart to a leaf spring of the golf cart, comprising the steps of aligning the leaf spring adjacent the axle and a bottom plate, inserting an end of a fastener initially through a first aperture associated with the axle and subsequently through a second aperture of the bottom plate and securing the leaf spring between the axle and the bottom plate by securing the fastener at the bottom plate, enabling improved access for assembly and service.

Abstract: A method of aligning and duplicating alignment includes welding a washer over a larger opening in a hinge once in an aligned position relative to a vehicle door. The door is mounted into an alignment fixture and the hinges are installed over threaded studs extending from the door. The washer is placed onto the threaded stud and tightened against the hinge, covering the larger opening in the hinge. The larger opening in the hinge allows movement of the hinge relative to the door for alignment. The washer defines an opening with a smaller opening sized to provide relatively little clearance for the threaded stud, and thereby maintain alignment between the door and hinge. The washer is permanently attached by a welding operation to allow duplication of door hinge alignment during reassembly.

Abstract: A method of securing body panels to a space frame for a vehicle is disclosed. The body panels are secured to rivet nuts that are assembled to frame members. The location of the rivet nuts or rivet nuts supporting surface is measured and the rivet nuts are milled or machined to correspond to reference body coordinates. The milled rivet nuts function as a integral shim pack and obviate the need for shims between the space frame and body panels.

Abstract: A support structure for a C-ring includes a pair of circumferentially spaced holding members on catch plates. The holding members may be moved individually into the C-ring after the C-ring is mounted within an outer housing. The two holding members thus provide support to an inner periphery of the C-ring. A locking plate has support structure moved between circumferential ends of the housing members, thus providing effective support for the C-ring around its entire inner periphery. In this way, the two parts secured by the C-ring need not be moved relative to each other to insert the C-ring. The clearance or ability to move one of the two parts relative to the other which has been required in the past to mount a C-ring, is not necessary. This makes the inventive C-ring particularly useful for new applications, such as holding a porting sleeve within a valve housing.

Abstract: A structure of mounting a weight in a forklift truck which has a frame and the weight that is to be connected and fixed to the frame by a bolt and a nut includes a first hole, a second hole, a first fitting part and a second fitting part. The first hole is formed through the frame. The second hole is formed through the weight in such a manner that the first hole and the second hole correspond to each other. The first fitting part is formed on the frame. The second fitting part is formed on the weight in such a manner that the first fitting part and the second fitting part fit to each other and that the first hole and the second hole are aligned with each other when the frame and the weight are combined together.

Abstract: A method of tightening and loosening an object to a rotary base torsion-free includes providing a single power tool having a tool housing portion and a driving portion which are coaxial with one another and provide equal but opposite forces, connecting a bolt with the rotary base, connecting a first part which includes a sleeve/washer assembly to one of the portions to be turned by the one portion, which sleeve/washer assembly includes a sleeve with a thread cooperating with a thread of the bolt and a washer abutting against the object, connecting a second part to the other of the portions to be turned by the other portion, which second part includes a nut having a thread cooperating with another thread of the first part, turning the first part by the one portion so that the first part, the bolt and the rotary base turn together while the second part remains free of rotation to urge the bolt to move in a desired axial direction to tighten or loosen the object to the rotary base, and turning the second part by

Abstract: Method of fastening a first article having an opening to a second article using a fastener which includes a connecting member and a rotatably mounted member which includes at least one of an external thread, a spline and a row of teeth, wherein the method includes securing the fastener to the second article, moving the first article towards the fastener, allowing the fastener to penetrate the opening of the first article, and causing the rotatably mounted member to cut into or self-thread into the opening of the first article upon movement of the first article towards the fastener, wherein the fastener is adapted for use in a medical or surgical area.

Abstract: A bolt for use in for mounting a backrest to a motorcycle or otherwise for attachment to a surface includes a shank, and head, and a transverse recess transverse to the longitudinal axis of the shank for holding the head while a nut is being tightened on the bolt.

Abstract: Optimized method for assembling two substantially flat parts. To assemble two parts (10, 12) that are substantially flat using fixations (14) such as rivets or bolts, first the ratio R is calculated between tensile and bending stresses relating to the forces to be transmitted. The end line of the fixations (14) is then oriented along an angle &agr; whose absolute value is such that 10.8 ln(R)+16<|&agr;|<13.9 ln(R)+28 when the ratio R is 1 or more, and such that 16°<|&agr;|<28° when the ratio R is less than 1. The absolute value of angle &agr; does not exceed 90°.

Abstract: A gas inlet manifold for a plasma chamber having a perforated gas distribution plate suspended by a side wall comprising one or more sheets. The sheets preferably provide flexibility to alleviate stress in the gas distribution plate due to thermal expansion and contraction. In another aspect, the side wall provides thermal isolation between the gas distribution plate and other components of the chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a function element (10) comprising a head part (14) with an annular bearing surface (12) and tubular rivet segment (16) that is provided on the side of the bearing surface of the head part and that extends away from said head part. The invention is characterized in that a tubular guide segment (18) is concentrically disposed relative to the tubular rivet segment and radially inside said rivet segment, wherein an annular gap is provided between the guide segment and the rivet segment and the guide segment projects beyond the free end of the rivet segment.

Abstract: An apparatus for making temporary road mats characterized by multiple layers of mutually perpendicular elongated timbers having an array of vertical intersections aligned in lateral rows. The apparatus includes a pair of assembly tables spaced along an assembly line on a work floor. Each table has an upper layout surface spaced vertically above the work floor and provides a work bay therebelow. The layout surface having indicia for orienting the discrete timbers in each layer whereby the timber may be roughly assembled. A gang drill moves in a longitudinal path along the assembly line with respect to the assembly tables. The gang drill carries a plurality of drills for sequentially drilling the lateral rows of intersections. The gang drill alternates between tables while manual assembly operations are conducted at the other table.

Abstract: There are provided with a ball given quantity supply apparatus for supplying a given quantity of balls to an apparatus using a given quantity of balls such as a bearing, a ball screw and a linear guide, and a method and apparatus for assembling a ball screw apparatus for use in a feed mechanism employed in various machines.

Abstract: The present invention in accordance with one embodiment provides a method for securing a threaded fastener to an object having a surface, the method comprising the steps of: (a) defining in the object with an inner wall a threaded hole, a bore contiguous with the threaded hole, and a slot contiguous with the bore, the bore being disposed between the threaded hole and the surface; (b) inserting into the bore a fastener assembly including the threaded fastener, an internally-threaded retainer disposed about the threaded fastener having a lug such that the internally-threaded retainer is received by the bore and the lug is received by the slot to rotatably lock the collar to the inner wall, the internally-threaded collar having a substantially elliptical shape that is distorted to provide rotational resistance between the threaded fastener and the internally-threaded collar; and (c) rotating the threaded fastener relative to the internally-threaded collar and the surface to engage a portion of the inner wall def

Abstract: A connection or weld attachment and method are disclosed for use in connecting a first structural member with a second structural member. An end plate is preferably attached to one end of the first structural member. The end plate and first structural member may then be attached by mechanical fasteners and at least one weld to the second structural member. A railway car having an underframe defined in part by a pair of side sills and a plurality of crossties may be formed with this mechanical connection. The end plate may be attached to a first leg which is in turn attached to the respective crosstie. The first leg preferably increases in width extending from the crosstie to the end plate. The mechanical fasteners are preferably disposed at opposite ends of the weld to minimize possible fatigue cracking and to increase the life of the associated connection.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a vehicle chassis and a vehicle chassis that is formed in modules with couplers for connecting extruded beams. The method includes extruding a plurality of beams and a plurality of couplers that are loosely assembled together to a fixture having locating pins that are received in pockets formed on the couplers and securing the beams and couplers together to form a chassis. The chassis includes a center chassis module to which the fire wall bulkhead and passenger compartment are secured, a drive train and front suspension module to which the engine transmission and front suspension are attached, a rear suspension module to which the rear suspension and gas tank are secured, and front and rear crush modules including the front and rear bumper assemblies, respectively. Couplers used in forming the chassis include a central portion having an outer wall and a plurality of inner walls extending inwardly from the outer wall to the pocket.

Abstract: A fastener for installation into a workpiece which may be installed by either a swaging operation or a torquing operation. The fastener includes an enlarged protruding head which is proximal to a substantially cylindrical smooth shank portion. A threaded shank portion positioned distal to the smooth shank portion includes a male thread which is sufficiently strong to have a swage collar swaged onto it. Distal to the threaded shank portion is a pin tail portion having a surface which is configured to engage a tool. Positioned between the threaded shank portion and the pin tail portion is a breakneck groove having a lower tensile strength than any other portion of the fastener. The tensile strength of the breakneck groove is controlled such that the fastener severs within the breakneck groove when a preset range of tension is applied to the pin tail portion by the tool.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a mobile computer metal shell is provided that includes the step of punching or forging a metal sheet to form a shell. Then, the step of milling and drilling is performed to form a shaped shell. Fitting members are next fixedly secured to the shaped shell at locations corresponding to the computer parts to be held, by means of adhesive bonding or welding. After the installation of the positioning members in the shaped shell, a plastic cover sheet is applied on the shaped shell.

Abstract: A production system for manufacturing a workpiece comprises an index system including a plurality of index devices removably mounted on the workpiece at known longitudinally spaced locations therealong, and a longitudinally extending index member releasably engaged with at least two of the index devices such that a position and orientation of the index member are fixed relative to the workpiece by the index devices, the index member having position-indicating features distributed therealong. The production system further comprises a machine module mounted for longitudinal movement along the index member and operable to perform an operation, the machine module being operable to detect the position-indicating features on the index member and thereby determine a position of the machine module relative to the workpiece.

Abstract: A method of attaching an axle of a golf cart to a leaf spring of the golf cart, comprising the steps of aligning the leaf spring adjacent the axle and a bottom plate, inserting an end of a fastener initially through a first aperture associated with the axle and subsequently through a second aperture of the bottom plate and securing the leaf spring between the axle and the bottom plate by securing the fastener at the bottom plate, enabling improved access for assembly and service.

Abstract: A method for constructing a box spring/foundation frame utilizes a template that is angled relative to and spaced above the ground. A plurality of frame elements are placed on the template, and a fastening machine is manually operated to attach the frame elements together with fasteners to form the frame.

Abstract: A gang form for use with a concrete form system is provided. The concrete form system has a plurality of said gang forms and a plurality of tie rods. An improved insert having four sides is positioned between two adjacent form panels having flanges with flange openings therein. Side openings in the third and fourth sides of the insert are aligned with the flange openings. Attachment devices are inserted in the side openings and flange openings to attach the insert to the two adjacent form panels and to provide the gang form. At least one lock member is rotatably attached to the second side of the improved insert. One of the plurality of tie rods extends through a tie rod opening in the first and second sides of the insert and is firmly secured to the insert by moving the lock member from an unlocked position to a locked position. Thus, the gang form is interconnected to the concrete form system.