Abstract: A temperature sensor and fabrication technique for making the sensor. An insulating substrate supporting a conductive resistive pattern is laser trimmed until the pattern has a desired resistance. Back and forth movement of the laser is controlled at an automated laser trimming station. The laser trimmer compares the sensed resistance of the conductive resistance pattern with a sensor pattern that has already been precisely trimmed to a desired resistance and is used as a standard.

Abstract: An electrical device in which a conductive terminal is physically and electrically attached to a laminar resistive element by means of a laminar conductive element. The three layers are positioned in such a way that the periphery of the conductive element does not extend beyond the first periphery and at least a part of the periphery of the conductive terminal lies within the first periphery. In a preferred embodiment the conductive element is solder and the periphery of the conductive terminal is shaped in such a way that no excess solder bridges from one laminar surface of the resistive element to the other. Devices of the invention are useful as circuit protection devices.

Abstract: A diamond thermistor is described. Surface portions of temperature sensing diamond of the thermistor are doped with impurity ions by ion implantation except for a sensing area thereof. A pair of electrodes are formed on the impurity regions in order to make good ohmic contacts with the diamond. The damage caused by the ion implantation is remedied by subjecting the diamond film to laser annealing.

Abstract: A detection element including a cylindrical base body, an electric resistor formed on an outer peripheral surface of the base body, and lead wires attached to ends of the base body. The lead wires are electrically connected to the electric resistor. An electrically thick film is provided over end faces of the base body, an inner peripheral surface and an outer peripheral surface of the base body near each of the opposite ends of the base body, and the lead wires are electrically connected to the resistor at least through the electrically conductive thick film.

Abstract: A thermistor having a temperature detecting part which has a temperature sensing part made of a vapor phase deposited semiconductive diamond film, a metal electrode layer formed on one surface of the semiconductive diamond film, and at least one lead wire connected with the metal electrode layer provided that at least 50% of a total volume of the temperature sensing part and the metal electrode layer is made of the vapor phase deposited diamond.

Abstract: A process for fabricating a PTC thermistor device. A pair of opposing electrodes are formed on either major surface of a ceramic plate PTC thermistor element. Metallic plate heat radiation fins are secured to the opposing electrodes by brazing in a non-oxidizing environment. The PTC thermistor element is then heat treated in an oxidizing environment. Optionally, the opposing electrodes may include shield layers for preventing emission of gas from the PTC thermistor element during brazing.

Abstract: A fast response temperature probe, and method of manufacture, for use in the refrigerant line of a refrigeration system comprising: a temperature sensitive element; means for operably connecting the temperature sensitive element to a control line of a refrigeration system controller; an inner housing supporting the temperature sensitive element at a first end and enclosing the operable connection means; and an outer housing surrounding the temperature sensitive element and the inner housing, the outer housing including at least one aperture located in proximity to the temperature sensitive element.

Abstract: A PTC thermistor device including a PTC thermistor element of a circular configuration, and a casing made of a plastic material. The casing has a substantially parallelepipedic body portion and a projecting portion having a pair of parallel side surfaces and a planar top surface. A terminal fitting is provided in contact with the PTC element and has plug portions projecting from the casing at the opposite sides of the projecting portion. The plugs has projecting lengths which are not higher than the height of the projecting portion of the casing.

Abstract: An organic positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor includes an organic PTC thermistor sheet on which a roughened surface is formed by pressing a wire mesh against one main surface thereof at a predetermined pressure. This results in the main surface of the organic PTC thermistor sheet being roughtened. A pair of electrodes are then formed on the main surface of the organic PTC thermistor sheet.

Abstract: A temperature sensing element (thermocouple, thermistor, or resistance temperature detector) for high temperature application is housed inside a metal tube, with lead wires to the temperature sensing element insulated from each other and the tube by a compactable mineral insulation material such as magnesium oxide. Initially the insulation material is in the form of a molded cylindrical preform with two lengthwise passages through which the lead wires are inserted. After the wires are inserted through the preform, the tube is placed around the preform and compressed to reduce its diameter. This crushes and tightly packs the insulation material around the lead wires. A strain relief and moisture seal may be provided at the end of the tube away from the temperature sensing element.

Abstract: A thermo-sensitive resistor including an electrically insulating substrate, a thin-film heating resistor formed on the substrate and lead wires electrically connected to the thin-film heating resistor, wherein the resistance of the thin-film heating resistor is adjusted by increasing or decreasing a film thickness of a previously formed base thin-film heating resistor by means of an electroplating method or an electroless plating method, and thus the area for heating of the thermo-sensitive resistor can remain constant even if the resistance adjustment is performed.

Abstract: A nonlinear resistor which exhibits substantial temperature independence over a wide range of temperatures, including low temperatures, is provided. The resistor is formed of a zinc oxide-based ceramic composition which exhibits nonlinear voltage/current characteristics and is essentially unafffected by magnetic fields. The nonlinear resistor provides protection for electrical devices in a circuit from voltage surges and/or transients. In a preferred form, the resistor is manufactured as a multilayer capacitor-type device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of electro-thermal conversion material and its products, made by semiconductor material. The process of making the electrothermal conversion material is as follows: a liquor is composed by dissolving two kinds of chloride (tin tetrachloride, etc.) in ethyl alcohol or carbinol, and another liquor, ammonium fluoride. After atomization of these two liquors, under the condition of high temperature, high valent metal oxide, low valent metal oxide and metal single substance etc, the metals of which correspond to the two kinds of chloride, deposit onto the surface of the high-temperature-resistant insulating material, forming a conductive semiconductor membrane.

Abstract: This invention relates to a proces of manufacturing and adjusting a compound resistor. The compound resistor is formed of a resistive material forming a predominant portion of the resistance and having a small negative temperature coefficient of resistance coupled with an adjustment material having an extremely low resistance and a very high positive temperature coefficient of resistance. After forming the resistive and adjustment portions, a portion of the adjustment material is removed to adjust the composite TCR of the compound resistor substantially to zero without significantly affecting resistance.

Abstract: A platinum temperature sensor includes a sensor body formed of a cylindrically rolled plate-type ceramic sheet and a platinum resistance pattern provided on the surface of the ceramic sheet. The platinum resistance pattern is provided on the inner or outer surface of the ceramic sheet. The sensor may further include lead wires, and the ceramic sheet may have through holes for lead wires, which are conductively connected to both ends of the platinum resistance pattern. The lead wires are connected to the platinum resistance pattern. The sensor may further include resistance regulating lines provided on the outer surface of the ceramic sheet, and the ceramic sheet may have through holes reaching the intermediate portion of the platinum resistance pattern. The resistance regulating lines are connected to the platinum resistance pattern through a plurality of said through holes, and may be selectively cut to adjust the resistance of the platinum resistance pattern.

Abstract: A modular electrical assembly is enclosed in an elastomeric weathershed housing, and has a plurality of electrical components aligned in a row with terminals at the row ends. The electrical components and the terminals are in electrical connection with one another via their axially-directed ends and are axially compressed by a non-conductive filament winding. The filament winding has axial end portions wrapped about the terminals and extending axially beyond the terminals in a direction opposite to the electrical components. The winding end portions are prestressed in axial compression to increase cantilever strength and to decrease cantilever deflection.

Abstract: A platinum temperature sensor has a plurality of stacked plate-type ceramic sheets, platinum resistance patterns provided on the surfaces of the respective ceramic sheets so that each of the platinum resistance patterns has a plurality of bent portions, and connecting means for connecting adjacent ones of the platinum resistance patterns with each other, the patterns being provided between the ceramic sheets. The connecting means comprises through holes provided in the ceramic sheets and metal paste members arranged in the through holes to interconnect respective ends of the platinum resistance patterns.

Abstract: A thermistor probe comprises a pair of springy pins (P) held in a body (1) and resiliently holding a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor chip (TH) between their tips. A second body (31) of glass-loaded plastics is injection moulded over the pins and chip and bonds integrally with body (1) to enhance the contact pressure and encapsulate the probe.The probe is suitable for vehicle engine air charge temperature measurement.

Abstract: A thermometer probe comprising a temperature sensing element for sensing temperature of an object to be sensed, a conductor connected to the temperature sensing element for transferring the sensed temperature, an insulator for coating the conductor, and a water-resistant sheath for enclosing the temperature sensing element, the conductor, and the insulator. The opening end of the sheath is welded for enclosure of the temperature sensing element.

Abstract: A heating element comprises an electrically resistive track intended to be formed on an electrically insulative substrate. A heating unit comprises a heating element and a temperature sensor on a substrate, the sensor comprising an electrically resistive track. The track consists of a thick film having in the temperature range of from 0.degree. C. to 550.degree. C. a temperature coefficient of resistance in excess of 0.006 per degree C. The thick film includes a metal and a glass in such proportions as to provide a suitable resistivity and a thermal expansion coefficient to match that of an electrically insulative substrate to which the track is to be applied and to permit adhesion of the track to the substrate.The considerable variation of the resistance of the track with temperature provides advantages in both of the aforementioned applications.

Abstract: A substrate for supporting electrical components, such as thick film resistive heating elements, comprises a plate member, such as a metallic plate member, coated on one or both of its flat surfaces with a glass ceramic material.It has been found that the problems of (a) electrical breakdown between the metallic plate member and the thick film resistive heating element and (b) lack of adhesion between the thick film and the glass ceramic material can be substantially reduced or eliminated by reducing the porosity of the glass ceramic material. Methods of producing a glass ceramic layer having a low porosity, involving a two-stage heating process, are described.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fluidic angular rate sensor of the type wherein fine wires, such as tungsten wires, are mounted in tension over the heads of two pairs of spaced apart metal supports which are mounted on a ceramic disc having fluid passage apertures therein, comprising plating gold on the wires; fixedly mounting the wires between the spread apart metal supports by means of thermocompression bonding or the like; and heating the mounted gold plated wires in a predetermined atmosphere for removing the plated gold from the wires and to recrystallize the wires.

Abstract: A sensor for electrical heating measurement has a core rod which is partly reduced in diameter to form an annular recess, an inner electrically insulating layer formed within the annular recess, a thin metal wire wound about the inner electrically insulating layer, an outer electrically insulating layer covering the metal wire winding and being flush with the outer circumferential surface of the core rod, and a metal sleeve being in intimate contact with the outer circumferential surface of the core rod throughout the overall length thereof.

Abstract: A temperature sensor construction and method of making the same are provided, the temperature sensor construction comprising a thermistor having opposed sides, a pair of conductors respectively secured to the opposed sides of the thermistor and having portions thereof extending away from the thermistor, an electrically insulating member having an opening therethrough and telescopically receiving the thermistor in the opening thereof, the insulating member having an outer peripheral edge, a pair of metallic foil members disposed on the opposed sides of the thermistor and being insulated from each other by the insulating member, and two outer layers of electrically insulating material secured to each other and encapsulating the foil members and the conductors and the insulating member and the thermistor therebetween, the opening in the insulating member having a portion thereof that extends to and interrupts the peripheral edge thereof, one of the conductors having a portion thereof disposed within the portion

Abstract: A process for producing a PTC device comprising the steps of forming a laminate comprising a PTC composition and at least two electrode plates having the PTC composition sandwiched therebetween, opposing the surface of a lead plate to be electrically connected to each of the electrodes, to the surface of each of the electrode plates of the laminate while contacting at a narrow area, and then passing a current between the electrode and the lead via the narrow contact surface to weld them. By this process, there is obtained a PTC device having, at a portion of the joining interface between each electrode plate and each lead plate, a nugget formed by melting both the plates. This PTC device has a low contact resistance between the PTC composition and the electrode plates.

Abstract: A process for producing a PTC device comprising the steps of forming a laminate comprising a PTC composition and at least two electrode plates having the PTC composition sandwiched therebetween, superposing, on the surface of each of the electrode plates of the laminate, a lead plate to be electrically connected to the electrode, joining the electrode plate and the lead plate by spot welding, and during or prior to the spot welding process, forming at least one through hole penetrating through the electrode plate and the lead plate in the center of a weld. This process can minimize the heat damage of the PTC composition and the resulting PTC device has a low contact resistance.

Abstract: A thermistor which includes a ceramic sintered body formed of a plurality of inner electrodes alternating with a corresponding plurality of ceramic layers, outer electrodes being connected to specific ones of the inner electrodes. Each ceramic layer a positive temperature coefficient of resistance. The inner electrode layers are obtained by injecting molten base metal having a low melting point such as lead, tin or lead-tin alloy into gap layers previously defined in the sintered body between the laminated ceramic layers from the outside under pressure and hardening the same.

Abstract: A thermistor element for temperature measurement has a thermistor chip in wafer form and thin film electrodes formed on respective principal surfaces of the thermistor chip. The thin film electrodes are formed by evaporation. Lead wires are adhered to the thin film electrodes with heat-resisting conductive material. The assembled members are sealed with glass. The electrodes may be made of two-layer films.

Abstract: A method of making a temperature dependent resistor probe for measuring temperature or mass of a flowing medium includes (a) preparation of a support plate of a metallic material; (b) applying a support foil of a temperature resistant plastic material on one side of the support plate; (c) applying a layer of temperature dependent resistive material on the support foil and finishing the resistive layer into a measuring resistor layer; and thereafter, an opening is formed in the support plate in the area below the measuring resistor layer.

Abstract: The ceramic heater of the present invention is used as a regenerating heater for a carbon particulate collecting filter. The ceramic heater comprises a heat-generating body composed of a sintered body which comprises an electroconductive ceramic, such as titanium nitride, and an insulating material, such as silicon nitride. An electroconductive layer is formed on a selected portion of the surface of the heat-generating body. The ratio of the electroconductive ceramic ingredient of the electroconductive layer is greater than the ratio of the electroconductive ceramic ingredient of the heat-generating body. The electroconductive layer of the ceramic heater is formed by partially heat-decomposing silicon nitride.

Abstract: Miniature thermal fluid flow sensors of the airfoil type are made in batch form by forming the thermal fluid flow sensors on a thin sheet of material and bonding the sheet over an array of duct structures and dicing the individual sensors and duct structures apart. In another embodiment, thin carrier sheet portions of a wafer bearing the thermal fluid flow sensors of the airfoil or grid type are supported by surrounding frame portions of the wafer. The wafer is diced to separate the individual sensing chips. The respective chips are mounted across respective fluid flow ducts. For the airfoil type sensor, portions of the frame are broken away for undisturbed flow over the thin carrier and sensor. In one thermal flow sensor configuration, a flow heater is disposed in between first and second thermal flow sensors in heat exchanging relation therewith.

Abstract: A heat sensitive cable operable over a temperature range of between approximately -20.degree. F. and 1650.degree. F. The cable includes a tubular metallic sheath which is substantially temperature resistant and moisture impervious. It also includes a mass of compacted insulation material filling the sheath and having an insulation resistance variable with temperature in the range of between approximately 100 and 50,000 ohms. The cable further includes at least one thermoelectric conductor positioned within the insulation material filling the sheath. A method of manufacturing the cable includes the step of preparing the insulation material and advancing the thermoelectric conductor through a given region. It also includes the step of advancing a strip of flat metal material past apparatus for forming and welding a tubular sheath surrounding the given region.

Abstract: A non-linear resistor having an operational field strength which optionally is formed as a VDR- or as an NTC-resistor having a ceramic sintered body on the basis of a polycrystalline alkaline earth metal titanate doped with a small quantity of a metal oxide so as to produce an N-type conductivity, in which the sintered body comprises at its grain boundaries insulating layers formed by re-oxidation of the sintered body and consists of an alkaline earth metal titanate having a Perowskite structure of the general formula(A.sub.1-x Ln.sub.x)TiO.sub.3.yTiO.sub.2 or A(Ti.sub.1-x Me.sub.x)O.sub.3.yTio.sub.2,wherein: A=alkaline earth metal; Ln=rare earth metal; Me=metal having a valency of 5 or more; 0.0005<x<solubility limit in the Perowskite phase; y=0.001 to 0.02.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a critical temperature sensitive resistor material which comprises 60 to 90% by weight of VO.sub.2 and 40 to 10% by weight of RuO.sub.2. This material exhibits hysteresis of resistance that decreases remarkably over a temperature range in which the resistance varies greatly, and is hence used for measuring the temperature maintaining a high precision.

Abstract: A resistance thermometer having a resistance temperature detector (RTD) element fixedly supported within a tubular metallic sheath by a compacted insulating material is manufactured by integrally connecting in series two tubular metallic sheaths by pressure welding. The first sheath has a smaller diameter portion which can be inserted into and received by the second sheath. The manufacture method includes the steps of: supporting electrical conductors in the first sheath using the insulating material, electrically joining the RTD element to the conductors supported in the first sheath, putting a metallic ring on the smaller diameter portion of the first sheath, inserting the smaller diameter portion of the first sheath into the second sheath with the RTD element being accommodated within the second sheath, and ramming the metallic ring radially inwardly so that the first and second sheaths are integrally bonded by pressure welding.

Abstract: There is provided a method for assembly of temperature probes. An insertion element or sensor such as a resistance temperature detector is mounted in a receiving cavity and surrounded by sufficient packing to electrically insulate the sensor. A stalk is utilized as a conduit for routing and insulating lead wires through the support casing. The stalk is notched at a point to facilitate the connection of wires threaded through the stalk to the sensor wires and to minimize the inadvertent contact of these wires with the metallic surfaces. The notch in the stalk protects the junction from contact with the metallic sides of the guide walls and protects the junction from mechanical stresses. To further protect the junction of the lead and sensor wires, the sensor is placed adjacent and parallel to the stalk prior to insertion. The stalk and the sensor are inserted simultaneously with the stalk coming to rest before the sensor travel stops, thereby minimizing the stresses to the junction.

Abstract: A heating device for heating an object with a heating element composed of ceramic particles having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance dispersed in a binder.

Abstract: A heat sensitive cable operable over a temperature range of between approximately -20.degree. F. and 1650.degree. F. The cable includes a tubular metallic sheath which is substantially temperature resistant and moisture impervious. It also includes a mass of compacted insulation material filling the sheath and having an insulation resistance variable with temperature in the range of between approximately 100 and 50,000 ohms. The cable further includes at least one thermoelectric conductor positioned within the insulation material filling the sheath. A method of manufacturing the cable includes the step of preparing the insulation material and advancing the thermoelectric conductor through a given region. It also includes the step of advancing a strip of flat metal material past apparatus for forming and welding a tubular sheath surrounding the given region.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for rating a thermometer probe, wherein the thermometer probe includes a small thermistor sensing element and a pair of conductors connected with the thermistor contacts and being supported upon a substrate. With the thermistor held at a particular temperature, the electrical resistance of the thermometer probe is measured and the difference between the resistance of that probe and a standard resistance is fed to a computer which operates a laser to encode a machine-readable character on the probe representative of the difference between the measured resistance of the probe and the standard resistance. In use, the probe is inserted in a readout and the readout senses the actual resistance of the thermometer probe which is dependent upon the temperature of the thermistor.

Abstract: Inexpensive Mn or Mg ferrites may be used as negative temperature coefficient thermistors. Fabrication of devices with the desired high temperature coefficients is facilitated by a processing method which forms a thin layer of oxidized and high resistivity material on a low resistivity layer of ferrite material.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing temperature-sensitive instruments includes supplying first and second webs of insulating material in synchronism with each other to a work station, the first web having a series of first holes formed therein offset from a series of second holes formed in the second web. An electrical conductor is disposed transversely between the first and second webs such that the conductor forms pairs of conducting lines, one line of each pair being in register with a corresponding one of the first holes and the other line of each pair being in register with a corresponding one of the second holes. After connecting each pair of connecting lines to a temperature-sensitive sensor, the first and second webs are cut at spaced intervals between adjacent pairs of conducting lines to form a plurality of temperature-sensitive instruments.

Abstract: A heat sensitive cable operable over a temperature range of between approximately -20.degree. F. and 1650.degree. F. The cable includes a tubular metallic sheath which is substantially temperature resistant and moisture impervious. It also includes a mass of compacted insulation material filling the sheath and having an insulation resistance variable with temperature in the range of between approximately 100 and 50,000 ohms. The cable further includes at least one thermoelectric conductor positioned within the insulation material filling the sheath. A method of manufacturing the cable includes the step of preparing the insulation material and advancing the thermoelectric conductor through a given region. It also includes the step of advancing a strip of flat metal material past apparatus for forming and welding a tubular sheath surrounding the given region.

Abstract: A method for forming a thermal printing head comprising a base of electrically insulating material, a glaze layer formed on said base so as to form an elongated projection thereon, said glaze layer comprising a main portion and a portion integral with and extending from said main portion, at least one thermal printing element formed on said main portion of said glaze layer, and an area formed in said extending portion of said glaze layer to relieve said glaze layer of surface tension when glaze is sintered and then cooled to form said glaze layer on said base.

Abstract: Methods for producing thermistors having predetermined resistance values at predetermined temperatures are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for adjusting the resistance of temperature measuring sensors are disclosed, including measuring the resistance for a first heat-sensitive portion of the sensor at a first predetermined temperature, measuring the resistance for a second heat-sensitive portion of the temperature measuring sensor at a second predetermined temperature, determining the overall resistance for the temperature measuring sensor from these measured values, and adjusting the resistance of the second heat-sensitive portion so that the overall resistance for the temperature measuring sensor substantially corresponds to the predetermined resistance value.

Abstract: A miniature resistive temperature detector is fabricated by winding wire about a ceramic, or equivalent, cement coated graphite mandrel or form having a greater length than the resulting detector, coating the wire except for the lead portion with a ceramic, or equivalent, cement and cutting the wire and breaking the form to produce the miniature detector. A plurality of miniature detectors may be fabricated on a single form or mandrel with space between each detector to facilitate breaking.

Abstract: A thick film cermet thermistor having a low to moderate electrical resistivity but high resistance to abrasion and humidity is disclosed. The thermistor composition has a sintering aid and a sealing glass that soften at significantly different temperatures. The thermistor film is sintered after application to a substrate predominantly between the two softening point temperatures. Sintering temperature is raised above the higher softening point temperature long enough to glaze the thick film and bond it to the substrate but not long enough to substantially increase film resistance. A composition is disclosed that can be sintered under the same firing conditions for resistor and conductor films, permitting one firing to be used to sinter all three types of films.

Abstract: A rectangular wafer thermistor comprises a piece of ceramic thermistor material having electric contact material covering its opposite surfaces. A contact defining score mark with an open geometric shape other than a straight line extends across the thermistor through one layer of the contact material for separating the contact material on that surface into two contacts. The ends of the contact defining score mark intersect the opposite edges of the thermistor at different locations along the thermistor. The contact defining score marks may be V or U or otherwise shaped, and the intersections between the different sections of these score marks are preferably rounded, but may be sharp corners. The shape of the contact defining score mark prevents the thermistor from breaking at the contact defining score mark when the thermistor is broken off a large sheet of thermistor material.

Abstract: Electrical devices comprising a conductive polymer element, preferably a PTC element, and at least one metal foil electrode. Preferred devices are circuit protection devices. The devices can be made by laminating the foil to the conductive polymer element under controlled conditions of time, temperature and pressure.

Abstract: Thin film resistors (FIG. 1) are produced on flexible tape 1 to provide at low cost a very wide range of precision resistors having low inductance. A reel of tape 70 coated with resistive material is etched to create a plurality of sinuous resistor patterns 3 and an array of spaced interconnection pads 102 suitable for connection to external leads via intermediate wires. Formation of a resistor of the desired precision value is performed by a selection of two pads, preferably by automated means by a trial and error technique. Prior to pad selection, the resistor can be covered with a material 4 which provides stability of resistance, mechnical protection and facilitation of assembly.