Abstract: An engine assembly comprising a cylinder head, turbocharger in fluid communication with the cylinder head and exhaust conduit in fluid communication with the turbocharger and method of making the assembly using a single human assembler includes: mounting the turbine to the cylinder head; using a first assembly aid to form a slidable joint between the exhaust conduit and head; using a second assembly aid to form a movable joint between the turbine and exhaust conduit and align the turbine outlet flange and exhaust conduit inlet flange; using a third assembly aid to pilotingly engage the flanges; disposing a clamp about the turbine outlet flange and the exhaust conduit inlet flange; tightening the second assembly aid sufficiently to form an immovable joint; tightening the clamp to form a sealed joint between the flanges; and tightening the first assembly aid to form a fixed joint.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is disclosed. The engine may have an engine block at least partially defining a cylinder, a liner disposed within the cylinder, and at least a first gas exchange port passing through an annular surface of the liner. The engine may also have a cylinder head connected to the engine block and together with the liner forming a combustion chamber, and at least a second gas exchange port disposed within the cylinder head in fluid communication with the combustion chamber. The engine may additionally have a piston slidably disposed within the liner and having an annular groove formed within an outer surface, and a plurality of piston rings selectively connectable with the annular groove. Each of the plurality of piston rings may be generally L-shaped and have a different axial length. Each of the plurality of piston rings is selected to vary an opening and closing timing of the at least a first gas exchange port.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an internal combustion engine with an engine block and a cylinder liner housing a piston. The engine block includes at least one cylinder cavity and at least one replaceable cylinder liner positioned within the cylinder cavity. At least two press fit areas create an interference fit between the engine block and the replaceable cylinder liner. One press fit area is located proximate to the top surface of the engine block and the other press fit area is located in the engine block at the opposite end of the cylinder liner. A storage volume is formed between the press fit areas by the outer surface of the cylinder liner and the surface of the engine block defining the cylinder cavity.

Abstract: A method of modifying the oil cooling system of a diesel engine an engine oil supply outlet located in a horizontal plan includes the steps of removing the original equipment liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger and installing a manifold having an oil outlet port directed to a remote oil cooler and a bypass water passage providing an un-branched flow of water, whereby the flow of oil is directed to a remote oil cooler and the entirety of the flow of water in the bypass water passage is discharged back to the water cooling system of the engine without passing through an oil cooling or water cooling heat exchanger.

Abstract: A method is provided for repairing a cylinder head having corrosion and erosion of the gasket sealing surface around the coolant inlet. The engine is disassembled and the corroded material is machined to a selected depth and width creating a pocket having a bottom wall surface and an annular side wall surface surrounding the coolant inlet port. An annular insert is provided having an annular outer side wall, a top wall, a bottom wall, and a central opening. The insert has a thickness greater than the depth of the machined pocket. An adhesive is applied the insert is pressed into the pocket. After curing of the adhesive, the top wall of the insert is machined to a dimension flush with the sealing surface of the head thereby creating a proper sealing surface for the subsequent seating of a replacement gasket.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a plate configured for connection to a first engine crankcase portion, such as the lower crankcase. A cam mechanism is secured to the plate and has a portion spaced from the plate to define a gap between the portion of the cam mechanism and the plate. Studs are configured for connection to the second engine crankcase portion and configured to span the gap when connected to the second engine crankcase portion so that the cam mechanism rests on the studs when the plate is connected to the first engine crankcase portion. The cam mechanism is configured to lift the plate when force is applied to the cam mechanism. A method of separating crankcase portions is carried out using the apparatus.

Abstract: The present disclosure, in one form, provides a process for remanufacturing a flanged cylinder liner, comprising the steps of machining a top portion of the cylinder liner to remove the cylinder liner flange, thereby creating a flange seat portion, preparing the top portion of the cylinder liner to receive a replacement cylindrical flanged sleeve collar, aligning the center axis of the cylinder liner with the center axis of the cylindrical flanged sleeve collar, placing the sleeve collar into contact with the cylinder liner such that the cylindrical flanged sleeve collar abuts with the flange seat portion and affixing the cylindrical flanged sleeve collar onto the liner.

Abstract: A process for remanufacturing a cylinder head that includes a worn or damaged rocker arm stand adapted to receive a rocker shaft to which at least one rocker arm is mounted, the steps including machining a channel in a surface of the worn or damaged rocker arm stand, securing an insert into the channel, and machining the insert to form a remanufactured inner facing surface. The remanufactured cylinder head includes at least one rocker arm stand that has a machined channel with a remanufactured insert secured therein, the rocker shaft being disposed adjacent the inner facing surface, not the rocker arm stand.

Abstract: A method of modifying the oil cooling system of a diesel engine an engine oil supply outlet located in a horizontal plan includes the steps of removing the original equipment liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger and installing a manifold having an oil outlet port directed to a remote oil cooler and a bypass water passage providing an un-branched flow of water, whereby the flow of oil is directed to a remote oil cooler and the entirety of the flow of water in the bypass water passage is discharged back to the water cooling system of the engine without passing through an oil cooling or water cooling heat exchanger.

Abstract: A secondary-fuel inductor for an engine including a carburetor with a primary fuel inlet having an outlet end. The inductor includes a gasket and a fuel conduit. The gasket defines an opening through which the fuel conduit extends. The fuel conduit has a bend defining a first segment and a second segment. The first segment includes a gasket-spanning segment that extends through the fuel-conduit opening and an inlet end that can have a connector for connection to a fuel line for a secondary fuel. And the second segment includes an outlet end positioned within a venturi area of the carburetor, for example, immediately adjacent the outlet end of the primary fuel inlet.

Abstract: A filter system includes a filter assembly having an interior, an end defining a bypass opening, and another end for coupling to an air intake of an aircraft engine to permit intake air from the interior to enter the air intake. The filter system includes a bypass closure movable relative to the filter assembly between at least a first position and a second position. The bypass closure substantially covers the bypass opening in the first position to inhibit intake air from entering the interior through the bypass opening. The filter system includes an actuator coupled to at least one of the filter assembly and the bypass member to cause relative movement of the bypass closure between the first and second positions.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for repairing a component of a gas turbine engine is provided. The method includes locating a damaged area of the component, preparing a portion of the component that includes the damaged area leaving a remaining portion of the component, welding at least one layer of material to the remaining portion, using a cold metal transfer (CMT) process, and removing excess material from the component to a predetermined dimension.

Abstract: An engine system may include a fuel and air supply circuit and an exhaust circuit, a temperature sensor mounted on an exterior of the engine and an oxygen sensor located in the exhaust circuit. The fuel and air supply circuit may include a throttle body mounted on the engine and having a throttle valve to control the flow rate of air delivered to the engine, a fuel injector carried by the throttle body to deliver fuel to the engine and a fuel rail carried by at least one of the throttle body and the fuel injector and having an input to receive a supply of fuel and an outlet through which fuel is routed to the fuel injector. An engine control unit may be communicated with these components to control the fuel and air mixture provided to the engine as a function of the temperature and oxygen sensor outputs.

Abstract: An injection nozzle sleeve servicing system is provided.

Abstract: The present application discloses an engine configured to selectively operate using a first fuel and a second fuel and adapter devices and methods for converting an engine to operate using a second fuel. In certain embodiments, the adapter device comprises a body member configured to be installed between an upper intake manifold and a lower intake manifold of an engine. A plurality of intake channels and fuel injector ports are formed in the body member. The body member is configured such that the intake channels are substantially aligned with the corresponding intake openings of the upper and lower intake manifolds when the body member is installed between the upper and lower intake manifolds. Each fuel injector port extends from a sidewall of the body member to at least one intake channel and is configured to receive a fuel injector for emitting a second fuel into the intake channel.

Abstract: Embodiments for balancing an engine are provided. In one example, a method for balancing mass forces of a crank drive of an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder comprises providing at least one balancing unit which has at least one balancing weight which serves as an unbalance and which rotates about a rotational axis when the balancing unit is operational, the at least one balancing unit being embodied as a switchable balancing unit, and switching on the at least one balancing unit as a function of at least one operating parameter of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A cylinder liner sealing arrangement for an internal combustion engine including a cylinder block having cylinder bores, a cylinder head, a cylinder liner within each cylinder bore and a circumferential cut-out formed in the upper and outer surfaces of the cylinder liner. A circular sealing ring is positioned in the circumferential cut-out with the sealing ring contacting at least the cylinder block and the cylinder liner to form a coolant seal therebetween. The sealing ring includes a seal enhancing configuration formed on at least an outer circumferential surface of the sealing ring with the seal enhancing configuration including at least one of an arcuate portion of a “D” ring seal or a plurality of circumferentially extending ribs.

Abstract: A locomotive includes an engine compartment having two sidewall structures and inboard and rear end structures defining an engine enclosure. A top hatch cover a top opening of the enclosure, which houses an engine. A removable cap being generally box-shaped extends across a portion of the top opening adjacent the top hatch and also across a portion of each of the two sidewall structures. An engine pit opening is exposed when removable cap is removed. The engine pit opening is sufficiently large to accommodate lifting the engine out of the enclosure. The engine pit opening is partially defined by two side edges extending parallel to the centerline along sidewall structures, each of the two side edges being disposed at a clearance height that is lower than an overall height of the engine compartment.

Abstract: An Advanced Uniflow Rankine Engine (“AURE”) that is effective and thermodynamically efficient at higher speeds (e.g., 400-1800 rpm) and has low torque output. This allows the AURE to be compact of size without the need for a massive foundation found in prior art steam engines. The AURE includes an admission valve assembly, a cylinder head/valve gear assembly, a cylinder/piston assembly, a crank shaft assembly, an external sump, and an integral condenser. The admission valve assembly includes a counterbalancing poppet valve and valve stem that creates counterbalanced unsupported areas that allow the poppet valve to operate at higher speeds. The AURE can be fueled by raw, unprocessed fuel, including biomass, to generate efficient energy in a smaller overall package.

Abstract: A gas turbine includes ring segments and isolation rings that surround a channel for high-temperature gas W from an outer peripheral side, blade rings formed in an annular shape on the outer peripheral side of the ring segments and the isolation rings, and supporting members fitted into fitting concave portions recessed from the end faces of the blade rings in the direction of the axis and supporting the ring segments and the isolation rings. An inner wall surface of the fitting concave portion has a first inclined surface that inclines so as to narrow gradually from an opening edge of the fitting concave portion toward the inside of the blade ring in the direction of the axis, and the supporting member has a second inclined surface that inclines so as to correspond to the first inclined surface.

Abstract: The internal combustion engine ignition timing tool (10) installs removably atop the distributor housing (D) after removal of the distributor cap (C), and enables the mechanic to set timing accurately without need of additional equipment. In one embodiment, the tool has a single collar (12), while the other embodiment has an inner collar adjustably rotating within an outer collar. Each has a rotor tip clearance notch (22). The engine is turned to align the conventional external timing marks, and the distributor (D) is turned opposite the normal rotational direction of the engine to push the leading face (24) of the clearance notch (22) against the rotor tip, thus removing all gear lash and slack from the system.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for improving the fuel efficiency of a 10 kW Tactical Quiet Generator (10 kWTQG) diesel generator in the field. The apparatus includes a small turbocharger adapted to operate at very low boost and a low back pressure exhaust system. The turbocharger provides between approximately 0.5 and 3 pounds of boost over the 10 kWTQG normal operating range. No modifications are required to the 10 kWTQG fuel injection and governor system. The design of the low back pressure exhaust takes advantage of the narrow RPM range of the 10 kWTQG, and when combined with the turbocharger, meets or exceeds ambient noise level requirements. The apparatus is field installable by personnel of general skill levels present for operation of the 10 kWTQG.

Abstract: A method of sealing at least one gas leak in an engine including the steps of locating at least one gas leak, pre-mixing an alkyl polyether composition and a crosslinking composition to form a dental impression material, or applying the alkyl polyether and crosslinking components to an engine in the vicinity of at least one located gas leak, and repeating the aforementioned steps as many times as neccessary to seal a substantial number of gas leaks in an engine.

Abstract: A rocker arm assembly may include a body, a cam follower and a lash adjustment member. The body may define a pivot region and a valve engagement region. The cam follower may be coupled to the body. The lash adjustment member may be coupled to the cam follower and may include a locking portion and an adjustment arm extending radially outward from the cam follower.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an engine block, such as for an internal combustion engine, includes a step of removing material from a top deck of the engine block surrounding a cylinder bore to create a first removal area. Material is also removed from the top deck of the engine block surrounding at least one fluid passage to create a second removal area. An insert is positioned within a recessed area defined by the first removal area and the second removal area.

Abstract: An injector mount clamp for coupling an injector of an exhaust gas treatment system to an exhaust conduit of an engine while the conduit is in an installed position includes a resilient monolithic clamp body having an aperture extending therethrough and being shaped as a split collar having a first end spaced apart from a second end a distance allowing the clamp body to be transversely moved relative to an exhaust flow direction to a position circumferentially surrounding the exhaust conduit. An injector mounting boss is disposed on the clamp body and defines a passage that fluidly communicates with the aperture of the clamp body. The mounting boss has a mounting face configured to oppose the injector.

Abstract: A full time lean air fuel mixture running spark ignited air cooled aircraft piston engine. In one embodiment, a drop-in substitution is provided for an equivalent make, model, and engine size, wherein the new, rebuilt, or reconfigured engine provides as much or more horsepower when compared to the original engine, but runs at a lean air fuel ratio condition during normal operating modes, including takeoff, climb, and cruise, thus saving significantly on fuel. In yet another embodiment, a drop-in substitution having a somewhat larger cylinder displacement volume may be provided to attain equivalent or enhanced maximum horsepower while operating at lean air fuel ratios. Enhanced engine life may be anticipated, since cylinder head temperatures (CHTs) may be reduced, compared to engines using rich air fuel ratios for climb and cruise conditions. Aircraft using such engines are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure teaches a method to extend the distance interval between refueling for gaseous fueled tractor trailers. Recognizing the current dearth of a national gaseous refueling infrastructure to support long distance gaseous powered vehicle transport this disclosure provides a method and system of storing gaseous fuel in high pressure vessels on a tractor and on a trailer and operating an engine for the tractor (and trailer combination) with gaseous fuel feed from both tractor and trailer gaseous fuel supplies.

Abstract: A method for balancing a rotating assembly of a gas turbine engine includes removing a stator vane from a section of the gas turbine engine. Removing the stator vane provides access to a rotating assembly of the gas turbine engine. The method further includes at least one of adding, removing, and repositioning a weight with respect to the rotating assembly via access to the rotating assembly provided by removing the stator vane.

Abstract: A method of repairing a case for a gas turbine engine includes identifying areas of damage on its internal holding structures in a gas turbine case, and utilizing cold metal transfer to deposit weld material to the internal holding structures.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for modifying an internal combustion engine for radical ignition combustion to aid ignition and enhance combustion. In one embodiment, the present invention includes a method of modifying an internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder to control the production and flow of radical ignition species. An exemplary method comprises inserting a cylinder liner into the at least one cylinder, the cylinder liner comprising at least one radical production member for providing and storing radical ignition species. The cylinder liner has a lip section and at least one production member is disposed inside of the lip section. The cylinder liner also has at least one vent to fluidly connect each of the at least one production member to each of at least one lined cylinder in an engine block. The method further comprises attaching the cylinder liner and at least one production member to the engine block.

Abstract: An insertion tool for installing rotary chopper elements in integral chopper assemblies in combine harvesters, which insertion tool includes an elongated open-ended trough-like bed portion of a length, breadth, and depth to sufficiently accommodate the rotary chopper element therewithin, with lift brackets along the sides thereof configured to accommodate the prongs of lifting forks of a forklift. The rotary chopper element may be positioned to rest within the bed portion of the insertion tool for transport to adjacent to the access and installation window of a harvester and for slidable insertion by the insertion tool through such window for installation within the harvester.

Abstract: A method of retrofitting an engine with an exhaust system is disclosed. The method may include placing an exhaust treatment device in an exhaust duct of the engine, and placing an exhaust heater in fluid communication with the exhaust duct of the engine at a location upstream of the exhaust treatment device. The method may further include connecting an air supply passage at a first end to an inlet duct of the engine at a location downstream of a compressor and at a second end to the exhaust heater. The method may additionally include placing a restrictor valve in the inlet duct of the engine at a location downstream of the first end of the air supply passage.

Abstract: A distributorless ignition kit is provided for retrofitting an existing engine having a distributor mounted in a distributor opening. The distributorless ignition kit comprises a coil pack having a series of spark plug wire terminals. A mounting bracket is provided for mounting the coil pack to the engine or adjacent the engine. A modified crankshaft pulley having a series of circumferentially spaced timing notches is provided in the kit. Further, there is provided a VR sensor that is adapted to be mounted adjacent the modified crankshaft pulley. A bracket is provided for mounting the VR sensor adjacent the modified crankshaft pulley. In order to direct firing signals from the VR sensor to the coil pack, there is provided a VR sensor cord that connects the VR sensor and the coil pack.

Abstract: A mass-airflow measurement conversion apparatus for internal combustion engine carburetors includes a plurality of pressure sensors disposed at different location along an air intake path of an internal combustion engine, each sensor adapted to sense a pressure of air flowing into the internal combustion engine and output an electrical signal as a pressure signal corresponding to the sensed air pressure; and a calculation section which receives the pressure signals and generates a mass air flow signal as an output signal based on the received pressure signals.

Abstract: A method is provided for repairing a cylinder head having corrosion and erosion of the gasket sealing surface around the coolant inlet. The engine is disassembled and the corroded material is machined to a selected depth and width creating a pocket having a bottom wall surface and an annular side wall surface surrounding the coolant inlet port. An annular insert is provided having an annular outer side wall, a top wall, a bottom wall, and a central opening. The insert has a thickness greater than the depth of the machined pocket. An adhesive is applied the insert is pressed into the pocket. After curing of the adhesive, the top wall of the insert is machined to a dimension flush with the sealing surface of the head thereby creating a proper sealing surface for the subsequent seating of a replacement gasket.

Abstract: An air engine system includes a motor coupled to the drive shaft of an air engine to control the speed of the air engine. The air engine uses compressed air from a compressed air source provided by an air compressor. The air engine may be used on a vehicle, providing a clean environmentally-friendly means of locomotion. Conventional internal combustion engines may be retrofitted to operate on compressed air. Many of the parts on an internal combustion engine are not needed after retrofitting to be an air engine, including the heads. The heads are replaced by head plates that are coupled to solenoids that provide both intake and exhaust functions to the cylinders, thereby replacing the valves in the heads. A kit provides parts and instructions for retrofitting an existing internal combustion engine to run on compressed air.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for engine piston installation in which robots are used for the entire engine piston installation process. A first robot equipped with a stuffing gripper and force control picks up a piston with a connection rod, detects the piston ring presence, squeeze the rings, find the engine cylinder bore, and stuffs the piston into the cylinder bore. A second robot can be used to load and unload the engine block, hold the block and position it to the location, and indexes the crankshaft into the proper orientation for each cylinder bore. A set of tools either fixed on a stationary station or on a third robot is used to guide the piston connecting rod, transport and place on the connecting rod cap, and fasten the cap onto the connecting rod. The piston connecting rod guiding process may be omitted in piston stuffing for some types of engines.

Abstract: A conventional gasoline engine is retrofitted to operate as a bi-fuel engine calibrated to burn Hydrogen gas as a primary fuel and gasoline as a secondary fuel at various acceptable air fuel ratios while avoiding forbidden air fuel ratios. The engine is preferably operated to burn Hydrogen fuel in a charged mode and in a lean mode at certain acceptable air fuel ratios where relatively very little NOx emissions occur. When additional power or acceleration is requested, processor controlled fuel injectors are operated to inject relatively small amounts of gasoline into the engine resulting in a fuel mixture that prevents increases in NOx emissions as the processor controls the engine to operate at a stoichiometric air fuel ratio where a catalytic converter is best able to reduce harmful emissions into the environment. The injection of the secondary liquid gasoline fuel to the gaseous Hydrogen fuel the temperature of the fuels significantly reduces or eliminates backfiring tendency of the engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of repairing a flange of a casing for an airplane turboprop or turbojet, the flange including at least one through hole for passing a bolt for fastening equipment, the hole opening out in a face of the flange that is worn by friction against the equipment. The method consists in mounting a bearing member on the flange, the bearing member comprising a radial wall covering the worn face of the flange, said wall including a hole that comes into register with the hole in the flange and having thickness for compensating the wear of the face of the flange, said member further including an abutment for bearing against the periphery of the flange, and being fastened to the flange by adhesive.

Abstract: A blower retrofit is provided to reduce diesel locomotive emissions. A method of using the blower retrofit is also described.

Abstract: A method of improving the output and efficiency of a pulverized coal plant by integration with an integrated gasification combined cycle plant. Specifically, embodiments of the invention provide improvements in the performance of an existing coal steam turbine electrical generating plant by the addition of coal gasifiers, a gas turbine and a heat recovery steam generator.

Abstract: A method of converting a diesel engine to a natural gas engine comprising inserting a spark plug into a diesel fuel injector opening in a cylinder head; installing a throttle body on the diesel engine; installing a throttle body adaptor between a throttle body and an intake manifold of said diesel engine; and modifying a piston, whereby the compression ratio of said piston is decreased during operation of said piston. The method also includes installation of a waste gate and waste gate adaptor and a timing mask.

Abstract: A secondary-fuel inductor for an engine including a carburetor with a primary fuel inlet having an outlet end. The inductor includes a gasket and a fuel conduit. The gasket defines an opening through which the fuel conduit extends. The fuel conduit has a bend defining a first segment and a second segment. The first segment includes a gasket-spanning segment that extends through the fuel-conduit opening and an inlet end that can have a connector for connection to a fuel line for a secondary fuel. And the second segment includes an outlet end positioned within a venturi area of the carburetor, for example, immediately adjacent the outlet end of the primary fuel inlet.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for sensing the speed of an EMD 567/645/710 two-cycle diesel engine having a crankcase, electronic fuel injectors and an electronic control system for controlling the electronic fuel injectors. The device includes a spline shaft sized for insertion into the crankcase of the engine so that the spline shaft rotates with the engine, a gear operably secured to the spline shaft to rotate with the spline shaft and sized to rotate with the engine in a 1:1 ratio, and at least one electronic sensor located adjacent the gear to sense rotation of the gear. The at least one electronic sensor is connectable to the electronic control system to provide electronic signals to the electronic control system for determining when to inject fuel with the electronic fuel injectors. Also disclosed is a method for retrofitting the engine and a kit for retrofitting the engine.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for modifying an internal combustion engine for radical ignition combustion to aid in ignition and enhance combustion. In one embodiment, the present invention includes a method of modifying an internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder to control the production and flow of radical ignition species for enhanced combustion comprising the steps of: adding a cylinder spacer plate with at least one opening, wherein each opening corresponds to each cylinder in an engine block of the internal combustion engine; adding at least one radical production member for providing and storing radical ignition species, wherein each member is disposed inside of each opening in the spacer plate and have at least one opening to fluidly connect each member to each cylinder; and attaching the spacer plate to the engine block, wherein the plate is disposed so as to be sandwiched between the engine block and a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A method for adjusting a valve clearance in a cylinder head using a rocker arm of a support point adjustable type. In the method, an adjustment screw is rotated in one direction until a camshaft comes in contact with a cam shaft contact section to make the amount of valve opening zero, then further rotated until the valve is released with a certain valve opening amount, and after that, rotated in a reverse direction by a certain rotation angle and accordingly loosened until a desired valve clearance value is obtained. In the process above, the method determines a first rotation angle of the adjustment screw necessary for the adjustment screw to move from a position where the valve is released with the certain valve opening amount to a position where the camshaft comes in contact with the camshaft contact section.

Abstract: A method for repairing a wear-induced void associated with a surface of a component including applying a heat-cured ceramic material to the wear-induced void, wherein the heat-cured ceramic material is configured to substantially fill the wear-induced void and providing a volume of material to a bladder configured to retain the volume of material and expand in one or more directions, wherein at least a portion of the bladder is further configured to apply at least one of pressure and heat to the heat-cured ceramic material. The method further includes applying at least one of pressure and heat, via the bladder, to the heat-cured ceramic material.

Abstract: A turbocharger system for a combustion engine and method of installing a turbocharger system includes a turbocharger having an oil inlet and an oil outlet configured for being coupled to an oiling system. An oil pump is connected to the oil outlet of the turbocharger and is further connected to the oiling system. The turbocharger system also includes mounting hardware for mounting the turbocharger to an exhaust pipe away from the engine at or below the oil level of the oiling system. In one embodiment, the method of installing the turbocharger system includes removing an existing muffler from the vehicle and mounting the turbocharger at or near the location of the existing muffler.

Abstract: A steam turbine is provided that is configured for post-modification for operation in a carbon capture mode. The turbine includes a turbine rotor, a turbine casing and a plurality of turbine stages. In an initial configuration of the turbine, the turbine rotor and turbine casing are each longer, by respective lengths, than is necessary to accommodate the plurality of turbine stages. The lengths are sufficient to accommodate at least one further turbine stage at an exit of the turbine during the post-modification, such that after modification, the turbine operates with an increased expansion ratio and an increased volumetric flow rate at the exit.