Abstract: A piezoelectric acoustic component having excellent efficiencies of productivity and of acoustic conversion, a greatly miniaturized size, and excellent impact resistance properties, includes a unimorph type diaphragm. The unimorph type diaphragm is defined by adhering a substantially square piezoelectric element onto a substantially square metal plate, the shorter sides of the diaphragm are supported on the supporting portion provided within the two opposing side wall portions of the case, the clearance between the remaining two sides of the diaphragm, and the case is sealed with a resilient sealing agent. The case is adhered on the substrate having external electrodes, the metal plate is connected to the external electrode with a resilient conductive paste, and the surface electrode of the piezoelectric element is connected to the external electrode with a resilient conductive paste.

Abstract: A protection plate 36a and a protection plate 36b, which are each of a substantially rectangular shape and which extend upwards from respective substantially central portions of opposite lengthwise ends of an attachment platform 34, are formed in the attachment platform 34 by bending part of the attachment platform 34. Also, stoppers 46a and 46b, which have notches 48for protecting two surfaces on either side of the ridge line of the oscillator 12, are attached to the attachment platform 34. Further the oscillator 12, the attachment platform 34, and the stoppers 46a and 46b etc. are housed in a box-shaped case 50. Accordingly, the vicinities of both lengthwise ends of the oscillator 12 are surrounded and protected by the stoppers 46a and 46b. The protection plates 36a and 36b, and the inner side surface of the case 50 as the protection members in the predetermined space d. By means of this structure, an oscillation gyroscope is provided in which the shock resistance is further improved.

Abstract: A resonator including a piezoelectric element; a lead terminal comprised of an electroconductive wire material formed by press working with a tapered receiving groove for holding an end of the piezoelectric element at its top end; and a capacitor connected to the outer circumference of the top end of the lead terminal in a state with the end of the piezoelectric element held in the receiving groove of the lead terminal so as to constitute a resonance circuit together with the piezoelectric element. Preferably, a difference of a coefficient of heat expansion of a piezoelectric ceramic constituting the piezoelectric element and a coefficient of heat expansion of a dielectric ceramic constituting the capacitor is not more than 5 ppm/° C. Preferably, the area of the surface of the piezoelectric element contacting a vibrating space is in a predetermined relation with the frequency band of the piezoelectric element.

Abstract: A piezoelectric motor has a piezoelectric transducer disposed within a motor housing. The piezoelectric transducer is constructed of one or more piezoelectric elements, the opposite ends of which are loosely secured within recesses in the interior walls of the motor housing. Electric contact plates disposed on opposite major surfaces of each piezoelectric element hold the center portions of the piezoelectric elements in fixed relationship to each other and provide a means of conducting electical energy to the respective faces of the piezoelectric elements. A moveable piston member is attached to one of the contact plates. When an alternating voltage potential is applied across the major surfaces of the piezoelectric elements, the center portions of each of the piezoelectric elements, as well as the piston attached thereto, reciprocates within the motor housing while the ends of each of the piezoelectric elements remain secured within the recesses in the interior walls of the housing.

Abstract: An acceleration sensor includes: a piezoelectric vibrator including a piezoelectric element having a first principal surface and a second principal surface opposed each other, a first and a second electrode formed on the first and the second principal surface, and conductive protrusions made of a metal material or a ceramic material and formed by a thermal spraying process; and a holding body for holding the piezoelectric vibrator via the conductive protrusions.

Abstract: A vibrating gyro which includes a vibrator formed by joining two piezoelectric substrates, which are polarized in opposite directions, by a metal layer. Electrodes are formed on the main outer surfaces of the piezoelectric substrates. One of the electrode is split into six electrode portions. As the metal layer, a material having a melting point lower than the Curie point of the piezoelectric substrates is used. Cut portions are formed on the joining sides of the piezoelectric substrates, and high-temperature metal wires or the like are passed through the cut portions, thereby forming support members.

Abstract: An insulating substrate (1) is a laminate of a first insulating substrate (1a) and a second insulating substrate (1b) on which wires and electrodes are formed previously. In this case a concavity is formed on the insulating substrate (1) by a hollow part (4) of the first insulating substrate (1a) and an upper surface of the second insulating substrate. Metallic wires are also arranged on an area corresponding to a bottom surface of the concavity of the second insulating substrate. As a result, space for arranging metallic wires expands and a space between metallic wires can be widened. Further, metallic wires which bypass areas corresponding to external electrodes formed on a lower surface of the second insulating substrate can be formed. This results in smaller stray capacitance between an electrode and a wire and between wires.

Abstract: An electronic component involving a two-terminal type piezo-electric device is disclosed. Bent portions are formed on a terminal to fix the device, and a supporting means projects from below a portion between the terminal and a lead to be bent inwardly, so that the connection between the piezo-electric device and the terminals can be firmly and perfectly done, that the supporting portion would be simple to manufacture, and that the flow-down of the solder can be prevented, thereby upgrading the reliability of the component, and improving the aesthetic appearance of the product. The electronic component includes a part 110 having a piezo-electric device 111 and having electrodes 112a and 112b on both sides of the piezo-electric so as to be overlapped at the middle portion. A terminal part 120 has a terminal 123 for being connected to each electrode of the piezo-electric 111, and the terminal has bent portions 121 with a bending angle .alpha.

Abstract: The vibration and electrical characterization of a piezoelectric tactor actuator is described. The actuator is a rectangular laminated flat plate with two opposite sides simply supported and two others free. Under an axial compression from the supports, the plate deforms into a stressed shallow shell. Electrical high frequency harmonic signals within relatively low-frequency bursts are applied to the piezoelectric layers. Depending on the axial compression and pre-deflection, frequency and magnitude of electrical input, the tunable actuator exhibits frequency/mode-controlled high-force over large area vibrations with intense displacement jumps. A single-degree-of-freedom model and simplified 1-D models are provided. The tactor provides efficient conversion of electrical energy into mechanical.

Abstract: A piezoelectric filter element 1 is supported by the periphery of a package body 21 of the surface mounting type such that a pair of input/output oscillating electrodes 11, 12 of the piezoelectric filter element 1 face the package body 21. The package body 21 has a shield electrode 30 which extends along a gap G between the pair of input/output oscillating electrodes 11, 12, which presents a grounding potential, and which is apart away by a predetermined distance from a piezoelectric substrate 10. The shield electrode 30 is formed as extending along the gap G and does not face, in a broad area, the pair of input/output oscillating electrodes 11, 12. This prevents floating capacitance from being generated between the shield electrode 30 and the pair of input/output oscillating electrodes 11, 12.

Abstract: In a multiple-stage-connected multiple-mode piezoelectric filter unit having a single container 1 in which there are connected, in cascade, two multiple-mode piezoelectric filter elements comprising at least one piezoelectric substrate and two electrode groups each comprising a pair of input/output electrodes and a grounding electrode, the electrode pairs being formed on one side of the piezoelectric substrate with a predetermined gap provided and the grounding electrodes being formed on the other side of the piezoelectric substrate at positions respectively opposite to the electrode pairs, it is an object of the present invention to enhance the ability of preventing the two filter elements from being coupled with each other, thus facilitating the final adjustment thereof. Formed in a single container 1 are two piezoelectric substrates 2, 3 on each of which formed are a pair of input/output electrodes and a grounding electrode.

Abstract: A vibrating gyroscope includes a ring-shaped vibrator having a node. A driver element is provided to cause the vibrator to vibrate flexurally. A detector element is formed along an axis of the vibrator and has a surface disposed such that the surface is non-perpendicular to a direction of vibration of said vibrator while the vibrator remains stationary. In one embodiment, the vibrator is metallic and the driver and detector are piezoelectric elements. In another embodiment, the vibrator is piezoelectric and the driver and detector are metal electrodes.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave resonator unit using surface acoustic wave, in which a surface acoustic wave resonator formed by disposing an IDT and reflectors on a piezoelectric member thereof is mounted by a cantilever method so that a surface acoustic wave resonator unit exhibiting very stable resonance frequency, a low resonance resistance and a large Q-value is realized. By accommodating the surface acoustic wave resonator in a housing in a vacuum state, the Q-value can be enlarged. By anodic-oxidizing the electrodes forming the IDT, a thick oxide film can be formed, the oxide film enabling the electrodes to be protected from problems, such as short circuit taking due to foreign matters, such as dust, with the characteristics maintained. If the high performance surface acoustic wave resonator unit is molded together with a lead frame by resin, a surface acoustic wave device, that can be mounted on the surface, and that exhibits excellent reliability and high quality, can be provided.

Abstract: An oscillator includes an oscillatory element in the form of a triangular prism. Two supporting members are fixed at their center to the oscillatory element. The two supporting members include annular coils, each with a single turn. The supporting members have inner peripheral portions which are fixed to the ridge of the oscillatory element at a location adjacent to its nodes. The oscillatory element has three sides on which three piezoelectric elements are correspondingly formed. When a drive signal is applied to two of the piezoelectric elements, then the oscillatory element is bent or oscillated in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the other piezoelectric element.

Abstract: An angular velocity detector includes vibrator made of piezoelectric material and having a pair of arms. A pair of driving electrodes are attached to the arms in order to generate vibrations in the arms. A pair of detecting electrodes, which are attached to the arms, detect the vibrations of the arms. Therefore, the pair of driving electrodes can cause the arms to vibrate uniformly and stably, so that a S/N ratio of the angular velocity sensor can be improved.

Abstract: The invention provides for a package for holding a crystal. The package preferably includes a ceramic base, ceramic top member and a plurality of metallization bands. The ceramic base and the ceramic top member may be cofired to seal the first portion of each of the metallization bands therein. The package additionally includes a seal ring engageable with the ceramic top member and a housing engageable with the seal ring to define a sealed crystal chamber. A plurality of ribbon bands are provided within the crystal chamber to electrically couple the metallization bands with the crystal. The crystal package may include an integrated circuit chip for providing an oscillator and a heating element for maintaining constant temperature.

Abstract: A piezoelectric vibrator includes a piezoelectric plate having electrodes respectively provided on a top and a bottom, and leads each extending from the respective electrode. A plurality of supports fix an edge portion of the piezoelectric plate including the leads by a conductive adhesive, and a base formed of an insulator, supports the plurality of supports. The plurality of supports each include a lower portion for sustaining the piezoelectric plate and are provided with a U-shaped section. The lower portion is longer than an upper portion included in each of the plurality of supports, the upper portion for supporting the top of the piezoelectric plate.

Abstract: A piezoelectric oscillator comprises a piezoelectric oscillating reed, an insulating substrate for retaining the piezoelectric oscillating reed, and a cap fixed onto the top surface of the insulating substrate for enclosing the piezoelectric oscillating reed. Four connecting electrodes are formed on the top surface of the insulating substrate for electrical connection to the oscillating reed, which are divided into two groups. Each group includes two connecting electrodes which are connected to each other by metal interconnects. The insulating substrate is rectangular, and two connecting electrodes, each of which belong to one group, are located along the shorter sides of the insulating substrate. On the bottom surface of the insulating substrate, at least two external electrodes are formed, to which metal interconnects for each group are connected through the side surface of the insulating substrate.

Abstract: A vibrator 12 includes a regular triangular prism-shaped vibrating body 14. Center portions of two supporting members 18a and 18b are fixed to the vibrating body 14. One supporting member 18a includes a linear intermediate portion 20a extending in a widthwise direction (y-axis direction) of the vibrator 12, and two linear leg portions 22a and 22a bend downward from both ends of the intermediate portion 20a. In this case, a distance W' between tips of the two leg portions 22a and 22a is expanded wider than a length W of the intermediate portion 20a. Similarly, the other supporting member 18b also includes a linear intermediate portion 20b and two leg portions 22b and 22b, a distance between tips of which is expanded.

Abstract: A mounting (1) for quartz-oscillator discs (2) is described, which mounting exhibits a base plate, two current feed-through pins (4a, b), which are fastened in an insulated manner in the base plate, and a central contact pin (15). Within the base plate (20) there is provided a receiving groove (25) for the quartz-oscillator disc (2), which is fastened to the mounting only at the two fastening points (31 and 32). The receiving sections (7a, 7b) of the lugs (6a, 6b) respectively exhibit a slot (8a, b), which extends far enough downwards that the quartz-oscillator disc no longer touches the lug (6a, 6b) in the lower section of the slot. In addition, the lug can exhibit a recess (40), which forms in the vertical direction an additional spring element.

Abstract: A low profile angular sensor assembly having a base member adapted for rotation about a spin axis and a generally planar gyroscopic element resiliently coupled to the base member for rotation therewith and for pivotal movement relative to the base member about a pivot axis orthogonal to the spin axis also includes a planar piezoelectric beam which is coupled to the base member and to the gyroscopic element so that it is substantially parallel to the gyroscopic element. The coupling is selectively compliant to isolate the piezoelectric beam from motion in the plane of the beam.

Abstract: In order to improve the flexibility of one-piece quartz mounts, the section of the current lead pins that is pinched into a lug and projects beyond the bottom plate is reduced to a web between the bottom plate and the mounting section. The web is bent twice between the bottom plate and the mounting region so that there are formed a horizontal first web section and a second vertical section. The elasticity of the mounts are thereby further improved. The mounting section can be trimmed in the zone where the quartz disk is mounted.

Abstract: A crystal resonator having reduced acceleration sensitivity in which the resonator blank having one or more electrodes thereon has stiffening cover plates mounted to its top and bottom faces and spaced from the resonator blank by sidewalls.

Abstract: A vibrator is disclosed having a vibrating body with a polygonal lateral cross-section. Two piezoelectric elements are disposed on nonparallel side surfaces of the vibrating body. A support structure is provided which supports the vibrating body at two support points of the vibrating body. The support points are located in a split plane which passes through the line of intersection of the two planes in which the two side surfaces lie and bisects the inner angle formed by these two planes. Furthermore, the support points are located on opposite sides of the vibrating body and each support point is located at or near a nodal point of the vibrator.

Abstract: A micro-machined resonator, typically quartz, with upper and lower micro-machinable support members, or covers, having etched wells which may be lined with conductive electrode material, between the support members is a quartz resonator having an energy trapping quartz mesa capacitively coupled to the electrode through a diaphragm; the quartz resonator is supported by either micro-machined cantilever springs or by thin layers extending over the surfaces of the support. If the diaphragm is rigid, clock applications are available, and if the diaphragm is resilient, then transducer applications can be achieved. Either the thin support layers or the conductive electrode material can be integral with the diaphragm. In any event, the covers are bonded to form a hermetic seal and the interior volume may be filled with a gas or may be evacuated. In addition, one or both of the covers may include oscillator and interface circuitry for the resonator.

Abstract: Structure for mounting a disc-shaped crystal, having a top and bottom surface, of a crystal resonator includes four attachment pads affixed to the crystal on the bottom surface near the perimeter thereof, four base pads affixed to a base surface, and four generally elongate parallel support elements, each extending from a different one of the base pads to a different one of the attachment pads to support the crystal. The support elements are generally longitudinally rigid and laterally elastic so that lateral movement of the crystal may take place without torque being applied to either the pads or the crystal. In other words, when the crystal is moved sideways, the plane of the crystal remains generally parallel with the previous plane occupied by the crystal.

Abstract: A crystal header package with a sapphire bottom plate and a method of making same. The package has a low profile design consisting of two components defining a cover and a platform that are joined together by cold welding. A KOVAR washer is used within a seal between the sapphire bottom plate and the platform.

Abstract: In a process of producing crystal resonators in which the direction and magnitude of the gamma vector is substantially the same for each resonator, a method of altering the resonator during the process to change the resonator mass, shape, or electrode placement so as to reduce the gamma vector magnitude of each crystal. This alteration may be done by adding mass, removing mass, or both adding and removing mass, or by positioning the electrodes to selectively position the electric field in the crystal, all in order to move the location of the active region of vibration and thereby reduce the gamma vector.

Abstract: A tubular piezoelectric oscillator having an electroconductive or non-electroconductive tubular casing, the vacuum interior chamber of which receives piezoelectric oscillating element rectangular plate supported at at least one end thereof by an elastic support element for protecting the piezoelectric oscillating element from thermal deformation and impulsive or vibratory force transmitted from the outside. The interior chamber of the tubular casing is maintained in a vacuum condition by a hermetically sealed pipe-like sealing member or members provided at either one or both axially opposite ends of the tubular casing, at which ends are arranged electroconductive members used as electric leads for extracting an electric oscillating signal from the piezoelectric oscillating element.

Abstract: Disclosed is a suspension spring for a vibrating piezoelectric plate including a first part fixed on a base and a second part for supporting the vibrating plate, the second part a tongue having a first and second end, the second end of the tongue supporting the vibrating plate, the spring being designed so that the end of the tongue which is the closest to the fixing point of the first part to the base is that which supports the vibrating plate.

Abstract: Crystal resonator with low acceleration sensitivity includes a piezoelectric quartz crystal, support structure for holding the crystal and a signal source for causing the crystal to resonate with an active region of vibration. The resonator is modified, if need be, to control (generally reduce) the gamma vector which is a measure of the acceleration senstivity. This may be done by adding mass, removing mass, or both adding and removing mass, all in order to move or change the shape of the active region of vibration and thereby reduce the gamma vector.

Abstract: A contact heater arrangement is disclosed for a piezoelectric effect crystal resonator. The piezoelectric effect crystal element may be an SC cut quartz crystal disc having electrodes affixed to one side thereof to generate a lateral field in the crystal disc. The contact heater element is applied to the side of the crystal element opposite the side on which the electrodes are affixed. The particular pattern of the heater leaves the center of the crystal element exposed for frequency adjustment purposes. Locating the heating element and electrodes on opposite sides of the crystal element generates a constant temperature which has been found effective to uniformly heat a piezoelectric effect crystal element, and with appropriate control circuitry, allows for temperature stabilization of the crystal element.

Abstract: In a multisensor assembly for detecting angular rates and linear accelerations, a diamond-shaped piezoelectric crystal beam is used to restrain a gyroscopic element to a base of the multisensor assembly. The diamond-shaped piezoelectric crystal is fixed to both the gyroscopic element and the base of the assembly by means of wires in an orientation orthogonal to the hinge axis and the spin axis of the assembly. This allows the piezoelectric crystal to experience only one degree of freedom. To improve the accuracy of the output electrical signal, oblong electrodes are placed on opposite surfaces of the piezoelectric crystal beam.

Abstract: A vibration wave motor has a support plate having a pin for supporting the vibration wave motor and an elastic ring through which a travelling vibration wave of the vibration wave motor propagates. The support plate and the elastic ring are bonded in union so that a support structure is simplified.

Abstract: A method of making quartz oscillators wherein, round-sectioned bar-shaped leads are inserted through a base and are glass-sealed to be secured to the base, the parts above the base are pressed to form flat plate-shaped inner parallel spaced leads, so that the leads annealed in the glass-sealing step will be compressed and hardened, and the inner leads will be resilient to enable a quartz piece to be resiliently held by its sides when it is inserted between the inner leads. The steps can be automated and the cost of manufacturing the oscillators can be reduced.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator including a base, two conducting posts which pass through the base and a piezoelectric plate. The plate includes a central active zone which is surrounded by a peripheral zone. The two zones are connected by at least two bridges which define slits which separate the central zone from the peripheral zone. Each face of the central zone is covered with an adherent electrode which extends over one of the bridges to a part of the peripheral zone. Each of the electrodes is connected to one of the conducting posts through a conductive metal ribbon. Each of the metal ribbons bear on the inner part of the peripheral zone so that the ribbon is disposed substantially as an extension of the corresponding posts.

Abstract: An electronic oscillator wafer crystal (42, 54) mounting assembly (10, 48) includes an insulating thermoplastic mounting block (12) with top and bottom faces (16, 18). Three terminals (22, 50), radially spaced at 90 degrees with respect to each other around the center of the block have shank segments (24) pressed into receiving apertures (18) in the bottom face. Fingers (26) of the terminals extend around the edge of the block to hold the crystal spaced from, and closely adjacent to the top face by supporting it at a perimeter portion on a step-shaped crystal support segment (36) of the finger. A segment (30) of the fingers adjacent and parallel to the bottom face is adapted for conductive attachment to a circuit.

Abstract: A shock absorbing insert for protecting a fragile quartz crystal includes a Teflon carrier with sloping walls which carries a number of dimple or rib shaped springs. These springs have varying spring rates increasing as they get farther from the base. The carrier is supported by a cushion spring system having a lower spring rate than that of the dimple or rib springs. This structure allows the force of mechanical shock to be distributed across the entire surface of the crystal rather than being concentrated at isolated areas of high stress.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator (100) includes a piezoelectric resonating element (4), a lead frame (7), a base (8) and a common electrode plate (9). The lead frame includes common terminals (77, 722 and 791) connectable with two input and output electrodes (42 and 43) of the piezoelectric resonating element, first terminals (73, 731 and 76) electrically connectable with one of the two electrodes or the input electrode (42) of the piezoelectric resonating element, second terminals (75, 751, 78 and 723) electrically connectable with the other of the two electrodes or the output electrode (43) of the piezoelectric resonating element, and a connection member (79) for electrical connection of the common terminals with either one of the first and second terminals. When the connection member is disconnected from the first and second terminals, it becomes possible to structure a piezoelectric resonator with a plurality of piezoelectric resonating elements.

Abstract: A holder for a piezoelectric crystal wafer comprising a base, a pair of spaced apart leaf springs secured to the base and a seat member secured to the base between the leaf springs. The leaf springs spread outward upon the application of an external force, to permit the placement of a crystal wafer on the seat member and return toward a normal position upon the release of the external force, to resiliently hold the crystal wafer on the seat member.Each leaf spring includes a pair of prongs at the upper end thereof, separated by a slit having a width slightly larger than the thickness of the wafer. An elongated slot is formed in each of the leaf springs and having a width greater than the width of the slit between the prongs. When the crystal wafer is inserted in the holder, the upper part of the wafer is received in the slit of one leaf spring and a side portion of the wafer extends through the slot of the leaf spring.

Abstract: A quartz unit is arranged to permit its automatic manufacture of it. The quartz unit includes a quartz vibrator; a pair of opposed terminal metal fittings each consisting of a stem part, branch parts protruding from one end of the stem part on two sides thereof to form a Y shape and support parts protruding from the fore ends of the branch parts to carry jointly the quartz vibrator; electrodes of the quartz vibrator connected to the terminal metal fittings through the support parts; and a container consisting of front and rear halves which are joined together to effect sealing with the metal fittings interposed in between them. The stem, branch and support parts are obtained by punching from a metal plate in one unified body.

Abstract: A temperature sensor including an oscillator circuit comprising a plate-shaped quartz crystal resonator formed using a cut rotated singly through an angle .theta. about the X axis, .theta. being in the range -29.degree. to -16.degree. or +39.degree. to +45.degree.. Electrodes are provided on the major surfaces of the resonator to make the resonator vibrate in a thickness shear mode at a frequency which varies substantially linearly in a selected temperature range.

Abstract: A shock-resistant low profile crystal package and internal crystal mounting apparatus capable of adequately protecting a multi-electrode crystal plate from high-G forces occasionally experienced by the mishandling of the particular article in which the component has been mounted. The crystal plate is positioned within an aperture of the base member and is supported about its edge during wire-bonding of the electrode pattern to the terminal connecting pins of the base member. Since the crystal plate is free-floating about its central position, the crystal can undergo thin film metallization of an electrode pattern from either side of the crystal plate to achieve desired frequency parameters. A ceramic retaining ring is placed on top of the crystal plate and the overall package is hermetically sealed by the welding of a cover to each end thereof.

Abstract: A piezoelectric vibrating device comprises a vibrating element supported by a support frame through at least two arms with the support frame surrounding the vibrating element. The vibrating element, the support frame and the support arms are of one-piece construction fabricated from a sheet of temperature-stable metal of constant elasticity. A ZnO layer is formed so as to overlay the vibrating element and also a portion of the support frame, and electrodes are formed so as to overlay a part of the ZnO layer on the vibrating element and another part of the ZnO layer on the support frame, respectively. One of the electrodes on the other part of the ZnO layer cooperates with the metal of constant elasticity to define a static capacitance with the ZnO layer serving as a dielectric body. An aluminum layer is interposed between the ZnO layer and the vibrating element.

Abstract: A quartz crystal vibrator has a vibrator element which includes a quartz crystal plate having obverse and reverse sides. A first excitation electrode is provided on the obverse side of the quartz crystal plate at the central portion thereof, and a first connecting electrode extends radially from the first excitation on the obverse side. A first supporting electrode is connected to the first connecting electrode and is provided fragmentarily along the entire circumference of the quartz crystal plate on the obverse side thereof. A second excitation electrode is provided on the reverse side of the quartz crystal plate at the central portion thereof at a position underlying the first excitation electrode, and a second connecting electrode extends radially from the second excitation electrode on the reverse side.

Abstract: An improved construction for piezoelectric crystal assemblies has significant advantages both from the standpoint of operational attributes of the finished product and of adaptability to being mass produced in an expeditous and economical manner. A related, improved method of making piezoelectric crystal assemblies, including those of the aforementioned improved construction, is also provided, which similarly has significant advantages from the standpoints of speed and economy.

Abstract: A crystal mounting arrangement is provided which achieves central mounting of the crystal on a substrate while not producing frequency changes in the crystal resulting from substantial differential expansion type stress generated over changes in temperature.

Abstract: In a support and connection device for a disc-shaped piezoelectric resonator, the support elements are bent at their ends relative to the resonator and comprise electrically conductive spring strips which engage into radially-directed resonator slots. Tongues attached to the bent sections form clips at the support elements which are open towards the top and provide pockets which are suitable for receiving conductive adhesive.

Abstract: The invention relates to elastic surface wave pressure gauges.The gauge comprises a plate on which are located the electronic components of the gauge and a pressure sensor grouping the electromechanical elements on a header having connecting pins. The header is provided with a pressure inlet which traverses the plate.The invention is also applicable to the measurement of the pressures of fluids in order to optimize the supply to internal combustion engines. The pressure inlet is made of a rigid metal header and separately grounded for shielding of the surface acoustic wave electrodes to prevent "pull-in" where the oscillators inadvertantly lock on the same frequency.

Abstract: Disc shaped quartz crystal resonators of plano-convex, plano-plano, and bnvex configurations have the b-mode resistance raised relative to the c-mode resistance by the proper choice of mounting geometry, thus suppressing the undesired b-mode in precision oscillator circuits without the use of added circuitry.