Abstract: Electrodes with leads deposited on different surfaces of a piezoelectric polymeric film or films are easily and quickly electrically connected by forming a continuous channel through the film and lead to form a pierced lead, and then applying an electrically conductive material, by any one of several known processes, onto the film over the channel to thereby form a connecting lead, the conductive material being permitted to penetrate the channel to effect a continuity of conductive material between the pierced lead and connecting lead.

Abstract: The invention is an improvement to the linear array transducer and the annular array transducer. The improvement lies in the invention's capability to produce a phase shifted wave across each segment of the composite transducer and in so doing, better match the ideal phase shift for aiming or focussing acoustic waves.The invention comprises transducer segments which each have at least one resistive electrode; the other electrode may be a standard highly conductive one. An electrical drive signal is applied to one border of each resistive electrode, and as the electrical drive signal propagates across the resistive electrode, it interacts with the capacitance of the piezoelectric element below and has its phase gradually shifted. As a result, the transducer segment produces an acoustic wave which has gradually varying phase, and this varying phase approximates the curvature of the ideal phase shift pattern.

Abstract: A piezoelectric coaxial cable comprises a conductive polymer core comprising a high molecular weight polymeric material having conductive particles dispersed therein, a piezoelectric polymer layer surrounding the conductive polymer core, and an outer conductor surrounding the piezoelectric polymer layer. The high molecular weight polymeric material of the conductive polymer core comprises a polymer capable of being intimately bonded to the piezoelectric polymer.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transducer comprising a lamination of piezoelectric elements including one or more elements in which the distortion has a positive temperature dependency and one or more elements in which the distortion has a negative temperature dependency. By selecting the ratio of the number of the piezoelectric elements having the positive and negative temperature dependencies, the temperature dependency of the distortion of a transducer can be eliminated. An actuator for injecting fuel into an automobile at a high speed and delicate response to external operation is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display device including a transparent piezoelectric element having transparent electrodes coated on both surfaces thereof, bonded by transparent adhesive material on an inner surface of a transparent cover to be arranged in front of a display panel of the display device. The transparent cover works as a vibration generator of a sound source. The thickness of the transparent electrodes are selected to serve as an anti-reflection layer of the near ultraviolet light. Relative dimensions of and positional relation between the transparent cover and the piezoelectric element are limited in predetermined ranges to assure high quality of display characteristic and sufficient volume of sound.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator device includes a piezoelectric resonator element accommodated in a casing. Inside the casing, the piezoelectric resonator device is held between two terminal plates through an anisotropic conduction pliable sheet which also extends on opposite sides of piezoelectric element to prevent the piezoelectric element from being moved sideways inside the casing.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device comprising a housing that contains a piezoelectric body bearing aluminum film electrodes. The exposed surfaces of the electrodes bear a passivating layer of amorphous aluminum oxide formed by heating the electrodes at a temperature between 250.degree. and 550.degree. C. in an atmosphere containing free oxygen.

Abstract: An electrode structure for a zinc oxide thin film having a SnO.sub.2 layer between the surface of the zinc oxide thin film and the electrode. A tuning fork vibrator equipped with such a structure has a high reliability in that changes in resonance frequency and insulation resistance (IR) with time are small and the increase in series resonance resistance (R.sub.O) is small.

Abstract: A method is provided to connect individual conductive traces to an array of individual piezoelectric elements by bonding a flexible circuit board containing conductive traces to the piezoelectric elements. The resultant bonded elements provide an array for an acoustic transducer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a transparent piezoelectric transducer comprising, at least, a transparent vibrator and at least one plate of a piezoelectric ceramic material sandwiched between a pair of transparent electrodes, said transparent vibrator being disposed so as to be vibrated by the piezoelectric ceramic material plate, said piezoelectric ceramic material being a ceramic material which is represented by a formula:Pb.sub.1-x La.sub.x (Zr.sub.y Ti.sub.z).sub.1-x/4 0.sub.3where x and y/z are set within a region enclosed with lines successively coupling points a-b-c-d-e-a in a phase diagram (FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawings) in which a ratio (y/z) between PbZrO.sub.3 and PbTiO.sub.3 is taken on an axis of abscissas, while an La concentration (x) is taken on an axis of ordinates (where x=8.4 and y/z=65/35 at a, x=6 and y/z=55.5/44.5 at b, x=6 and y/z=50/50 at c, x=12 and y/z=50/50 at d, and x=9 and y/z=65/35 at e). The transparent transducer is excellent in both the transparency and the electroacoustic response.

Abstract: An electro-mechanical transducer having a first layer made of piezoelectric material having opposing major surfaces, a pair of electrodes formed on the major surfaces of the first layer, respectively, and a second layer clamped at its one surface to one of the surfaces of the first layer. In this case, the first layer has a Young's modulus of E, the second layer has a Young's modulus Ex in one direction and a Young's modulus Ey in the direction perpendicular to the one direction in the major surface, the Young's moduli E, Ex, Ey satisfy the relation E>Ey, Ex>Ey, and one end of the first and second layers along the one direction is clamped. The thickness of the electrode is selected between 0.1 and 3 .mu.m to obtain large amount of displacement at the other end. The outer surface of the electrode may be coated with a conductive paste to ensure voltage supply to the whole surface of the electrode.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device having a casing and a piezoelectric unit supported in the casing by the use of a direction-oriented electroconductive pliable sheet. The piezoelectric unit has a plate-like shape with electrodes laminated on its opposite surfaces. The electrode provided on one surface of the piezoelectric unit extends and is disposed on the opposite surface for gathering all the electrodes on the opposite surface.

Abstract: A mechanical and electrical connection for a piezoelectric member of polyic material such as polyvinylidene fluoride, and method for forming such a connection. To form the connection, the piezoelectric member is first masked to prevent a preselected portion of its surface from being coated during subsequent coating operations. An electrically conductive member such as a lead wire or a solderable terminal is then attached to the nonmasked area of the piezoelectric member with adhesive such as epoxy. The masked piezoelectric member, the electrically conductive member, and (incidentally) the mask are then coated with a conductive coating such as sputtered gold to electrically connect the conductive member to the piezoelectric member. The mask can now be removed from the piezoelectric member if desired, although it can be left in place as a convenient vise.

Abstract: A piezoelectric filter comprises a piezoelectric substrate having separate first and second electrode layers formed on one surface thereof and a common electrode layer formed on the opposite surface thereof, first and second terminal members, and a common terminal member electrically connected to the common electrode layer. The first and second terminal members are electrically connected to the first and second electrode layers through different local areas of a direction-oriented electroconductive plastic sheet capable of exhibiting its electroconductivity in a predetermined direction across the thickness thereof. An ordinary electroconductive rubber sheet may be positioned between the common terminal member and the common electrode layer.

Abstract: A piezoelectric bi-resonator with electrodes not adhering to the crystal, comprising at least first and second plates in dielectric material on which plates are deposited respectively first and second electrodes, a third plate in dielectric material having faces opposed to the first and second plates respectively, on which faces are respectively deposited third and fourth electrodes, connected together, and a piezoelectric body constituted by two piezoelectric chips made of quartz, independent and similar, one of which is interposed between the said first and third electrodes, without contact therewith, and the other is interposed between the second and fourth electrodes without contact therewith, the said piezoelectric quartz chips being arranged so that their axes Y' are opposite.

Abstract: A piezoelectric filter comprises at least one piezoelectric resonator comprising a piezoelectric substrate and first and second electroconductive terminal members deposed one on each side of the piezoelectric substrate, with which they are in electrical contact. At least one electroconductive pliable sheet is disposed between the first terminal member and the associated face of the piezoelectric substrate, and pressure is applied across the thickness of the combination of electrodes, pliable sheet and substrate.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator comprises a piezoelectric substrate, a common electrode layer applied on one major surface of the piezoelectric substrate, and at least one electrode layer applied on its second major surface. The piezoelectric substrate is held in position between two or more metallic terminal elements, with the electrode layers held in electrical contact with the terminal elements. The piezoelectric resonator further comprises at least one direction-oriented electroconductive sheet positioned between the electrode layer on the second major surface of the piezoelectric substrate and the associated terminal element. The direction-oriented electroconductive plastic sheet has substantial electroconductivity only across its thickness.

Abstract: An electroded wafer for use in electro-optic devices comprising a ceramic wafer having piezoelectric properties and having faces substantially larger than the thickness of the wafer. On the wafer are a plurality of parallel slots cut in at least one face of said wafer to form an interdigital matrix wherein adjacent slots are cut through the periphery of the wafer at opposite ends. Further included is a metallic electrode plated on the interior of the slots and the periphery of the wafer by electroless plating of at least one metal in contact with a palladium catalyzing compound such that the catalyzing compound is present only on the portions of the wafer to be plated.

Abstract: The transducer's active elements are a plurality of thin, narrow, piezoelric bars bonded side-by-side to a flexible plate. Electrically, a circuit is coupled across the thickness of each bar or strip to include the bars as a plurality of parallel capacitors. The plate has a fixed length that is maintained during operation. Consequently, piezoelectric length expansions and contractions of the bars are translated into an oscillating bending motion of the bars and the plate for transducing purposes.

Abstract: A method is provided for adjusting the resonant frequency of an aluminum plated quartz resonator so as to reduce the effect of aging. The method comprises initially forming the aluminum plated resonator so that its frequency is above the nominal frequency, and then reducing the frequency to the nominal value by anodically forming an oxide film with a thickness in excess of 50A on the aluminum plating.

Abstract: A radiation sensitive piezoelectric copy method and medium for producing positive or negative latent electrostatic charge patterns. In a first embodiment the copy medium includes a poled, radiation transmissive piezoelectric insulative layer, an electrically conductive layer less compliant than the piezoelectric layer, and a photoconductive layer interposed between and electrically connected with the piezoelectric and electrically conductive layers. A second embodiment is similar to the first embodiment except it does not contain an electrically conductive layer. A third embodiment is similar to the second embodiment except that an electrically conductive layer is juxtaposed with and electrically connected to the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: A woven mesh of conductively coated stiff filaments is affixed between a first element deformable in response to an applied electronic signal and a second element which has substantially the same configuration as the first element and which may be electrically deformable also. The mesh serves as a center vane between two elements which allows the bender elements to move relative to each other. The bender is supported by peripheral tabs extending from the mesh. A bender structure is produced by coating a woven mesh of conductively coated filaments with an uncured solid epoxy. The mesh and two transducer elements are assembled together and heat and pressure applied to melt and then cure the epoxy, causing the conductive mesh material to make contact with and adhere to the faces of the transducer elements.

Abstract: A two sensitivity level detector for sensing motion of an object on which the detector is placed. The detector includes a sensing unit that responds to movement of the object by supplying electrical current to sensing circuitry adapted to provide an indication of movement upon receipt of such current. The housing of the detector is formed with at least one exterior planar surface and at least one spherical surface so that detector movement in response to movement of the object is dependent upon whether the detector has its planar or spherical surface in contact with the object.

Abstract: A motion detector that includes one or more sensing units fastened by at least one end to an interior portion of a housing. The sensing units are flexible so that they readily bend in response to movement of the detector, and a small weight is mounted on each sensing unit to accentuate such bending. Each sensing unit includes a thin strip of poled, polymeric piezoelectric material having planar surfaces. Conductive electrodes are carried on only the portions of such surfaces adjacent the end (ends) of the sensing unit fastened to the housing. An electronic circuit is connected across the conductive electrodes for sensing electrostatic charges that are produced by the bending of the piezoelectric material of the sensing units and for providing a signal indication of such bending.