Abstract: In a metal halide arc discharge lamp having a light emitting arc discharge tube surrounded by a heat absorbing, light transmissive shroud hermetically sealed within an outer lamp envelope, more nearly isothermal operation of the arc tube surface is achieved by using a shroud having a geometry (e.g., a hollow frustum of a cone) such that the shroud is closer to the cooler portions of the arc tube than to the hotter portions. At steady state lamp operation, the shroud absorbs heat emitted by the arc tube and radiates a portion of the absorbed heat back to the arc tube. By having a shroud geometry and spacing such that the inner surface of the shroud is closest to the coolest portions of the arc tube and furthest away from the hottest portions of the arc tube, the shroud radiates more heat back to the cooler portions, thereby providing more nearly isothermal operation of the surface of the arc tube than can be accomplished with a coaxial, cylindrical shroud or no shroud.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas discharge lamp having a gas discharge tube, which is at least partly surrounded by a transparent protective bulb, the latter having a bursting guard. The protective bulb is designed as a completely closed envelope bulb, which surrounds in vacuum-tight manner the gas discharge tube. The bursting guard also completely envelops the envelope bulb.

Abstract: A metal halide arc discharge lamp comprising: an arc tube containing an arc generating and sustaining medium and having first and second electrodes sealed at opposite ends thereof; an outer envelope surrounding said arc tube and having first and second terminals for electrical connection thereto; an electrical connector coupling said first electrode to said first terminal; an electrical connector coupling said second electrode to said second terminal; a heat reflecting coating on at least one end of said arc tube; a starting aid operatively associated with said arc tube; and a light transmissive shroud positioned about said arc tube on at least two sides thereof; said arc tube having a given wall thickness of about 0.5 mm and said shroud having a thickness greater than said given thickness, the ratio of said shroud wall thickness to said arc tube wall thickness being about 2.

Abstract: A modified base construction for a high intensity arc discharge lamp is described enabling a single piece screw type conductive base member to be directly secured to the outer lamp envelope. The simplified base construction employs a conductive clip physically attached to the outer lamp envelope which provides a locking engagement between the assembled lamp parts.

Abstract: An improved arc tube for a horizontal burning metal halide arc discharge lamp is disclosed to avoid light output fluctuations which otherwise occur during lamp operation. The improved arc tube construction employs opposing planar pinch seal regions which are angularly displaced with respect to each other while further positioning the opposing discharge electrodes below the longitudinal central axis of the arc tube member.

Abstract: A protective assembly for a standard fluorescent lamp includes a protective tube that is preformed from a semi-rigid, non-frangible polymeric transparent or translucent material that is stabilized against ultraviolet radiation and is received over the glass tube with its inner surface substantially uniformly spaced apart from the outer surface of the glass tube to form an air space for insulation of the lamp. The desired uniform spacing between the lamp tube and the protective tube is established by a spacer ring located adjacent each end of the glass tube and adhesively bonded to the glass tube. Each spacer ring is formed of band of a semi-rigid polymeric foam strip material that is resistant to heat and ultraviolet radiation. The foam spacer ring forms a snug fit with an inner surface of the protective tube but allows the protective tube to be slid lengthwise onto the lamp.

Abstract: An electric discharge lamp has a discharge vessel including pair of opposing planar seals each having a pair of major faces and a pair of minor, side faces. A containment shield surrounds the discharge vessel and includes a glass sleeve and a helically coiled wire secured on the glass sleeve. The glass sleeve is pinched to bevelled ends of the minor, side faces of the seals only and substantially does not engage the major faces of the seal. The wire is fixed around the sleeve in an electrically floating manner, e.g. by clamping fit. With the sleeve secured to the discharge vessel, MH quality photometrics are obtained with a tubular body arc tube without an end coat. The construction of the lamp is simple and effective to protect the outer bulb from being damaged by an explosion of the discharge vessel, and to prevent sodium from disappearing from the discharge vessel as a result of photoemission.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp having an arc tube for operation in a generally horizontal position. The arc tube has a generally cylindrical body with end chambers of continuously reducing cross-section in which respective discharge electrodes are arranged. Press seals sealing the end of the arc tube in a gas tight-manner are offset from the axis of the cylindrical body in a direction normal to the press seals and away from the tip-off. The lower circumferential portion of the cylindrical body is smoothly curving and free of flats and the lower portions of the end chambers are smoothly curving and free of crevices.

Abstract: An electric lamp includes a sealed lamp envelope including a dome region having an inward projection and a neck region sealed to a lamp stem. A lamp subassembly is located within the lamp envelope and includes an arc tube for generating light when electrical energy is applied thereto. A generally cylindrical, light-transmissive shroud is disposed about the arc tube. A frame includes a single support rod extends between the dome and neck regions of the lamp envelope along one side only of the subassembly, and a dome end of the frame engages the inward projection of the lamp envelope. A mounting structure is provided for attaching the arc tube and shroud to the frame. A bulb spacer is provided having first and second segments bearing against an inside surface of the lamp envelope in the neck region for positioning the frame relative to the lamp envelope, and also having a third segment joining the first and second segments, the third segment being spaced away from the inside surface of the lamp envelope.

Abstract: A high pressure sodium lamp includes discharge vessel (20) which is enclosed with intervening space (1) by an outer bulb (10), which space contains a gas-fill with at least 70 mol. % nitrogen gas. Electrodes (30a, 30b) are positioned in the discharge vessel (20) and are each connected to a current supply conductor (40a, 40b) which issues from the discharge vessel (20) at a respective end (21a, 21b) thereof. The discharge vessel (20) has between the electrodes (30a, 30b) a central portion (22) with length L and volume V. The discharge vessel (20) contains an amalgam containing a weight m.sub.Hg of mercury and a weight m.sub.Na r. of sodium, whereby the following relations are fulfilled: ##EQU1## in which m.sub.Hg and m.sub.Na are expressed in mg, and L and V are expressed in cm and cm.sup.3, respectively.

Abstract: A metal halide arc discharge lamp includes a sealed outer envelope, an arc tube located within the envelope, a cylindrical shroud positioned around the arc tube, stops positioned at ends of the shroud to capture the shroud therebetween, and conduction wires which both provide electrical energy to the arc tube and mechanically support the arc tube and the shroud. The outside diameter of the shroud is maximized in relation to the inside diameter of the neck of the outer envelope such that the shroud can be inserted through the neck during manufacture of said lamp. In order to reduce electrolytic sodium loss, a conductor wire passing through the shroud in close proximity to the arc tube is surrounded by a ceramic sleeve to electrically insulate the conductor wire from the arc tube, and the stops are ceramic to electrically insulate the shroud from the conductor wires.

Abstract: A neon lamp including a transparent outer tube, a neon bulb fitted in said transparent outer tube and provided at one end with a transformer for converting AC power supply into required voltage, a tubular member inserted into said transparent outer tube for receiving connecting wires, a plug mounted on one end of said transparent outer tube and having a flange and a pair of metallic prongs, and a socket mounted another end of said transparent outer tube and having a flange and a pair of holes each provided with a metallic sleeve, the holes of said socket being adapted to receive the metallic prongs of another plug.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp having a discharge vessel with opposing end chambers includes discharge electrodes each consisting of an open elongate filament of refractory metal wire having a plurality of succesive coil turns extending transverse to the longitudinal axis of the discharge vessel. The filament electrodes are dimensioned so that the discharge arc which terminates thereon is sufficiently retracted into the end chamber of the discharge vessel so that the fill constituents condense on a region of the discharge vessel which is primarily axially between the filament electrodes. In a favorable embodiment, the lamp is a metal halide lamp in which the electrode and the discharge sustaining fill is free of thoria and its compounds.

Abstract: A metal halide arc discharge lamp includes a metal halide arc tube located within a lamp envelope, a lamp stem having first and second stem leads extending therethrough, and a frame member mechanically connected between the first stem lead and a first end portion of the arc tube. A resistor can be connected between the second stem lead and a starting electrode lead for increased mechanical support. The resistor and the frame member provide the only mechanical support for the arc tube in the lamp envelope. The dome end of the arc tube is mechanically unsupported.

Abstract: An electric lamp is provided which includes a reflector typically made of glass or metal and having a reflecting surface in which an area is formed to fit a locating device attached to the internal capsule light source. At the rear of the reflector is a neck portion in which are located several seating points for the light capsule locating device. Electrical connectors extend between the capsule and the base member. The positioning member is definitely located by seating ledges molded into the neck of the reflector. In manufacture, the positioning member is placed in tension and the lead wires for the lamp assembly extend through eyelets in the base which are then mechanically fastened so as to maintain a tension on the positioning member. The fact that the positioning member is under tension allows it to maintain positional accuracy during the life of the lamp.

Abstract: An electric lamp assembly comprises a sealed light-transmissive lamp envelope enclosing an interior; a lamp capsule having at least one end located within the interior for generating light upon application of electrical energy, said capsule having a central axis and a press seal formed in said end; two lead-in wires sealed in said envelope; a light-transmissive shroud surrounding said capsule; and a frame within the interior for supporting said capsule and shroud, the frame being mechanically mounted within the interior at one end thereof by an isolation bridge connected between the frame and one of the lead-in wires. The isolation bridge comprises an electrically insulating member of a suitable ceramic having electrically conductive end caps thereon. The end caps contain leads one of which is welded to a stem lead and the other of which is welded to a lower portion of the frame. The assembly eases automation of the lamp.

Abstract: To simply and reliably retain a heat retention tube or sleeve (10) within envelope (1) and surrounding the arc tube or discharge vessel (4) of the lamp, end regions of the heat retention or conservation tube are pinched around current supply leads (7) which pass through the pinch or press region (11). To prevent dislocation of the tube or sleeve (10), axially as well as rotationally with respect to the arc tube, the current supply leads are deformed in the region of the pinch or press (11), for example by being flattened or deflected in a bend or V-shape from a straight wire. An exhaust tube (12) can be passed through the pinch (11) if the pinch extends across the entire diameter of the heat retention tube; otherwise, the pinch need only extend over a portion thereof, thus providing for pneumatic communication between the interior of the heat retention tube and the envelope (1).

Abstract: To securely and reliably hold a high-voltage, for example service-line voge (110 V, 220 V) halogen incandescent lamp within an outer envelope (2), and forming an electrical connection terminal to a screw-in, or straight-wall tubular base sleeve (3a, 43a) of a standard base, for example of the E14 or of the B22d type, a punched sheet-metal element (5, 5', 5", 25, 48, 48') is clamped around a projecting end portion (1a, 20a, 41a, 41a') of the halogen incandescent lamp; the projecting end portion, preferably, is a pinch seal, and the punched sheet-metal element is formed with a lower part and an upper part, in which the upper part clamps around or against the pinch seal. The lower part is partly located within the base sleeve and mechanically, and preferably electrically secured thereto. The pinch seal, preferably, is formed with a transversely extending rib, and the clamping portion is formed with a matching locating notch to ensure axial retention of the halogen lamp in the base.

Abstract: To facilitate manufacture and assembly of a high-pressure discharge lamp ing an inner discharge vessel (4) within an outer bulb (1), and which is protected against explosion or bursting of the discharge vessel by a protective sleeve or body (8), typically formed of two sleeves or tubes (8a, 8b) of quartz glass or hard glass, the two glass tubes surround the discharge vessel (4) over its entire coaxial length and, when coated with an infrared (IR) reflective coating and an ultraviolet (UV) radiation coating, additionally function as a heat retention or heat damming element and a UV radiation protective element. Two ceramic insulating centering and holding elements are carried by a lamp holder structure (9), engaging the open ends of the glass tubes (8a, 8a). The ceramic elements are formed with steps (20a, 20b, 20c) or grooves (520a, 520b) to position the glass tubes spaced from each other and concentric with respect to the discharge vessel.

Abstract: To facilitate manufacture of a high-pressure discharge lamp in which a double-ended discharge vessel is located within an outer, essentially rotation-symmetrical bulb (1), the holder structure for the discharge vessel is formed of first and second punched sheet-metal elements (12a, 12b; 20, 21) which define surface planes, and are electrically separate from each other. A first punched sheet-metal (12a, 20) is electrically connected to a first current supply lead (7a) from the discharge vessel and a first current connector (11a) extending from the base. A second punched sheet-metal element (12b, 21) is electrically connected to the second current supply lead (7b) and the second current connector (11b, 11b') extending from the base. Both punched sheet-metal elements are located essentially in a central plane, and extend essentially perpendicularly with respect to the lamp axis (I--I).

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure sodium discharge lamp provided with a discharge vessel (3) with a ceramic wall (3a) of aluminum oxide in which at least Na as an ionizable filling component, a rare gas and Al (20) are present. According to the invention, the Al is provided near the wall of the discharge vessel in a location which reaches a temperature of at least 1000 K in the operational condition of the lamp.

Abstract: In a UV excimer radiator, the ignition behavior during the initial ignition or relatively long operating pauses is improved by providing means for local field distortion in the discharge space. These means can either be local constrictions provided in a pinpointed fashion or a disturbing body made from aluminum oxide or titanium oxide.

Abstract: A discharge lamp apparatus in which an insulating base for supporting a lead support base end portion maintains its dielectric strength over long periods of use, and which is simple to assemble. A lead support acting as a current path is projectingly provided on a front surface of a synthetic-resin insulating base, which is a lamp holder, a front end portion of an arc tube, which is a discharge lamp body, is supported by the lead support, a rear end portion of the arc tube is fixedly supported in an engagement concave portion formed in the insulating base, and the lead support is covered with a ceramic insulating cylindrical body. In accordance with the invention, a base end portion of the insulating cylindrical body is integrated with the insulating base through insert molding.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp includes a pair of arc tubes connected electrically in parallel within an outer envelope, which includes a lamp stem having a pair of stem conductors entering the lamp envelope in a common plane. The arc tubes include conductive feed-throughs at each end thereof. A lamp frame supports the arc tubes in a plane parallel with the stem conductors and is welded directly to each of the feed-throughs with all welds in a common plane with the welds between the frame and the stem conductors. The frame includes a resiliently deformable transverse member which allows for independent changes in length of the arc tubes during lamp operation due to thermal expansion/contraction. The frame is free of slip fit connections with the feed-throughs and free of additional conductive straps connected to the feed-throughs.

Abstract: An electric lamp has a lamp vessel (2) mounted in an outer bulb (1). A glass containment sleeve (10) surrounds the lamp vessel and is fused to a tipped off exhaust tube (5). A coiled wire (11) surrounds the sleeve 10 and provides further containment. The wire may be fixed to the sleeve (10) by clamping fit. The construction of the lamp is simple and effective to protect the outer bulb (1) from being damaged by an explosion of the lamp vessel (2).

Abstract: The electric discharge lamp has a discharge vessel, which is mounted in an outer bulb. A containment shield surrounds the discharge vessel and includes a glass sleeve and a helically coiled wire about the sleeve. Electrically isolated clamping leads extending from the seals axially secure the glass sleeve about the discharge vessel so that it is electrically isolated. The wire is fixed around the sleeve in an electrically floating manner, e.g. by clamping fit and/or by bent end portions secured over the ends of the glass sleeve. The construction of the lamp is simple and effective to protect the outer bulb from being damaged by an explosion of the lamp vessel and to prevent accelerated sodium depletion from the discharge vessel.

Abstract: This headlamp comprises a reflector and a discharge lamp comprising an inner envelope having a longitudinal axis coinciding with the optical axis of the reflector. The inner envelope includes a bulbous portion, a front leg extending along the optical axis from the bulbous portion toward the front of the headlamp, and a back leg extending along the optical axis from the bulbous portion toward the reflector. The discharge lamp further comprises a tubular shroud comprising a first hollow portion surrounding the front leg of the inner envelope, a second hollow portion surrounding the back leg of the inner envelope, and a bulbous portion between the two hollow portions. The bulbous portion of the shroud has a central longitudinal axis, and this central axis is upwardly offset by a small distance (e.g., at least about 0.5 mm) from the longitudinal axis of the inner envelope on which the discharge is located.

Abstract: To provide a fill in a low-power, high-pressure discharge lamp, which is capable of emitting light within a warm white light (WDL) color or neutral white light (NDL) color, that is, in the ranges of between about 2600 to 4600K, the fill has a relative relationship of sodium halide to scandium halide between 5:1 and 24:1, a relationship of sodium halide to thallium halide of 25:1 to 73:1, and a heat damming or heat retention or reflection coating (15, 16) is located at the end caps of the generally bulbous discharge vessel to provide for a cold spot temperature (Tc) of at least 800.degree. C., and preferably higher.

Abstract: A discharge tube for emitting light of the present invention includes an inner bulb including a hollow portion for defining therein an arc discharge chamber which encloses therein gas for emitting light, the inner bulb further including a pair of electrodes and a pair of metal members each of which is connected to a corresponding one of the pair of electrodes, the pair of electrodes being projected in the arc discharge chamber from the inner bulb and the pair of metal members being projected outwardly of the inner bulb, the hollow portion having an outer diameter of a first value and an outer tube for sealingly enclosing therein the inner bulb, the outer tube including a small-diameter portion having an outer diameter of a second value which is equal to or smaller than the first value, wherein the inner bulb is held in the interior of the outer tube, with a gap being formed between an outer surface of the inner bulb and an inner surface of the outer tube, in such a manner that the outer tube supports the meta

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp, comprising an inner discharge tube, an outer envelope, current leads, a lamp stem in the outer envelope for containing the current leads, a longitudinal axis, a getter holder having a surface with getter thereon for increasing the service life of the lamp, the surface of the getter holder being located adjacent to and facing the lamp stem at a maximum angle of 90.degree. with the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: An electric lamp having a light source capsule with a generally planar press seal, having two opposing major faces and two minor faces extending therebetween, includes an improved support strap for securing the seal to a frame support rod. The support strap includes a stiffly resilient strip of metal having two spaced and opposing major leg portions each extending in contact with a respective major seal face, an elastically deformable jaw portion substantially not in contact with a seal face, and end portions fixed to each other adjacent one of the seal faces. The elastically deformable portion is arranged such that with the strap end portions fixed to each other it is elastically deformed and firmly biases other portions of the support strap against at least two of the seal faces for holding the seal therebetween.

Abstract: An alkali metal vapor arc discharge lamp which operates on DC and employs an amalgam of mercury and an alkali metal such as sodium, has a cathode to anode pressure ratio no greater than 5 and a cathode end temperature at least 50.degree. C. hotter than the anode end temperature to prevent cataphoretic separation of the mercury and alkali metal in the arc discharge during operation of the lamp. The lamp is designed to have a cataphoretic driving parameter (CDP) value of less than 150. The CDP is defined as the product of the arc current in amperes, times the arc gap length in centimeters, divided by square of the inner diameter of the arc tube in centimeters.

Abstract: The electrodeless low pressure sodium vapour discharge lamp which has a discharge vessel (1) containing sodium vapour and inert gas. The discharge vessel (1) has an enveloping part (10) and connected therewith at a first end of the discharge vessel (1) a sunken part (20). In the sunken part (20) is a body (30) of soft-magnetic material which is surrounded by an electric coil (31). The discharge vessel (1) is enclosed in an outer bulb (40). The inner surface (2) of the discharge vessel (1) has a layer (4) of borate glass. The borate glass which covers the sunken part (20), is sintered. The invention renders it possible to make parts of construction glass which have a layer of borate glass at an outer surface.

Abstract: An immersible lamp for use in a photochemical reactor has an outer bulb (10) surrounding an inner discharge tube (1) which can be cooled by a flow of inert gas such as nitrogen from a supply chamber (23) though hollow guide rods (6, 7) into a remote end (27) of the outer bulb, and back out through an outlet hole (18) and an exhaust chamber (24). In order to facilitate swapping out of the discharge tube (1) in the event of burnout or changes in output power or output spectrum requirements, without the need for welding or glassblowing expertise, the discharge tube (1) is mounted in a pair of sockets (4,5), one of which (4) is axially slidable. The socket is spring-loaded (8), and thus readily adapts to discharge tubes of differing lengths. The socket slides along guide rods (6, 7, 16) which also serve as electrical supply conductors to the sockets (4, 5). Spacer elements (11) help maintain alignment of the guide rods, sockets, and discharge tube with respect to the axis (12) of the outer bulb (10).

Abstract: A metal halide arc discharge lamp includes a sealed light-transmissive outer jacket, a light-transmissive shroud located within the outer jacket and an arc tube assembly located within the shroud. The arc tube assembly includes an arc tube, electrodes mounted within the arc tube and a fill material for supporting an arc discharge. The electrodes have a spacing such that an electric field in a range of about 60 to 95 volts per centimeter is established between the electrodes. The diameter of the arc tube and the spacing of the electrodes are selected to provide an arc having an arc diameter to arc length ratio in a range of about 1.6 to 1.8. The fill material includes mercury, sodium iodide, scandium tri-iodide and a rare gas, and may include lithium iodide. The lamp exhibits a high color rendering index, high lumen output and high color temperature.

Abstract: A halide discharge lamp has a an evacuated outer envelope including a getter comprising from about 60 to about 85 percent zirconium, from about 10 to about 20 percent vanadium, and from about 2 to about 10 percent manganese having an activation temperature of less than about 350 degrees Centigrade for reducing the tendency of the lamps to discolor during operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp (2) provided with a discharge vessel (3) with a ceramic wall (3a) and provided with a bimetal element (11) which rests against the discharge vessel wall in the cold state of the lamp, and which is removed from the discharge vessel wall during lamp operation. The discharge vessel is surrounded by an outer bulb (30) with intervening space (6), in which space a solid-state getter (15) is provided. According to the invention, the solid-state getter is provided on the bimetal element.

Abstract: An electrodeless HID lamp having a quartz arc tube having a gas fill contained therein, is energized to a discharge state upon the introduction of a high frequency RF current in close proximity thereto, also includes a starting aid stem which extends from the arc tube. An outer jacket surrounds the arc tube and a portion of the starting aid stem. The outer jacket is pinch sealed at the end from which the starting aid stem extends. This pinch sealing results in the formation of a sealed space between the outer jacket and the arc tube and further allows that, by the gripping of the starting aid stem at the pinch seal region, the arc tube is supported in a fixed non-contacting position within the outer jacket. A sealant material can be applied around the starting aid stem at the pinch seal region to prevent leakage of the sealed space formed within the outer jacket.

Abstract: A double-ended arc discharge lamp includes a sealed, light-transmissive outer jacket, a light-transmissive shroud mounted within the outer jacket and directly supported by the outer jacket, and an arc discharge tube mounted within the shroud. The arc tube is typically a metal halide arc discharge tube. In a preferred embodiment, the shroud includes an outwardly flared portion at each end. The outwardly flared portions space the shroud from the outer jacket and support the shroud within the outer jacket. The outwardly flared portions of the shroud can be affixed to the outer jacket by fusing. The outer jacket can be provided with inwardly extending dimples for locating the shroud with respect to the outer jacket. In another embodiment, the outer jacket includes reduced diameter portions near each end which are attached to the shroud.

Abstract: Electric lamps made using nickel-plated, high nickel content iron alloy ferrules wherein the ferrules have been heated above their surface oxidation temperature and then reduced during the lamp-making process have strong bonds between the ferrule and solder using non-corrosive soldering flux, even when using lead-free solder.

Abstract: A single-ended electric lamp having an alkali-halide containing light source which produces ultraviolet radiation and is supported within an outer envelope by metallic support structure having an elongate support rod extending past the arc tube. A tubular cover extends over a length L1 of the support rod and the remainder of the support structure remains uncovered. A screen is interposed between the light source and an uncovered portion of the metal support structure to prevent ultra-violet radiation emitted from said light source from directly impinging on said uncovered portion. Preferably, a plurality of screens are arranged within the outer envelope to block the line of sight from the light source to any uncovered portion of the metal support structure and to reduce the quantity of reflected ultraviolet radiation reflected off the inner surface of the arc tube which impinges on uncovered portions of the metal support structure.

Abstract: A source of red light includes a double-bore capillary tube having a pair of ends and a convoluted shape. A pair of electrodes is located at one end of the capillary tube and disposed within respective bores. An ionizable medium is enclosed within the capillary tube and includes neon at a pressure from about 300 to 600 torr. When energized, the ionizable medium generates an arc discharge between the electrodes consisting primarily of radiation in the range of from 590 to 670 nanometers. An outer jacket of vitreous material may surround the capillary tube and contain an inert gas (e.g., nitrogen) at a predetermined pressure.

Abstract: A metal halide arc discharge lamp includes a sealed lamp envelope, an arc tube located within the lamp envelope, a generally cylindrical, light-transmissive shroud positioned around the arc tube, a frame comprising a single support rod extending between dome and neck regions of the lamp envelope, upper and lower clips for attaching the arc tube and the shroud to the frame, a resilient bulb spacer attached to a neck end of the frame and bearing against an inside surface of the lamp envelope for positioning the frame relative to the lamp envelope, and electrical leads for coupling electrical energy to the arc tube. The frame is mechanically supported within the lamp envelope in the neck region solely by the bulb spacer. Leakage currents between the frame and the electrical leads through the lamp stem are effectively eliminated.

Abstract: This headlamp comprises a reflector and a discharge lamp comprising an inner envelope having a longitudinal axis coinciding with the optical axis of the reflector. The inner envelope includes a bulbous portion, a front leg extending along the optical axis from the bulbous portion toward the front of the headlamp, and a back leg extending along the optical axis from the bulbous portion toward the reflector. The discharge lamp further comprises a tubular shroud comprising a first hollow portion surrounding the front leg of the inner envelope, a second hollow portion surrounding the back leg of the inner envelope, and a bulbous portion between the two hollow portions. The front leg is provided with a large-diameter integral enlargement (referred to herein as a "large-diameter maria"), and the shroud is joined to the front leg by a maria seal located at the outer periphery of this maria.

Abstract: An electric lamp assembly includes a sealed lamp envelope, a lamp capsule located within the lamp envelope, a cylindrical, light-transmissive shroud surrounding the lamp capsule, and a mounting arrangement for supporting the lamp capsule and the shroud within the lamp envelope. The mounting arrangement includes one or two supports rods parallel to the axis of the shroud and first and second clips for retaining the shroud and the lamp capsule. The clips prevent both axial and lateral movement of the shroud. The clips are attached to the support rods, typically by welding. In a preferred embodiment, a single clip at each end of the shroud retains both the shroud and the lamp capsule, and requires only a single weld to the support rod.

Abstract: In a discharge lamp unit in which a discharge lamp (10), which is formed by pinch-sealing (13a, 13b) a glass tube in such a manner as to define a closed glass ball (12) forming an electric discharge region substantially at the middle of the ball and in which discharge electrodes (15a, 15b) are arranged confronted with each other, is supported at both ends by metal supports (30, 40) which are welded to a short lead support (22) and a long lead support (24) protruding from an insulating base (20) in such a manner that the lead supports (22, 24) are parallel to one another with a predetermined distance therebetween and are parallel to the discharge axis of the lamp. The metal support (30) which supports the rear end portion of the discharge lamp has a discharge lamp holding portion (34) which is arcuate, and the part (14) of the rear end portion of the discharge lamp which is held by the discharge lamp holding portion of the metal support is circular in cross section.

Abstract: To prevent ion migration from a discharge vessel (4) into an evacuated sp between the discharge vessel and an outer bulb (1), a shield wire (13) is interposed between the current supply lead (12) extending longitudinally within the outer bulb and the discharge vessel (4), and both the shield wire (13) and the current supply (12) are insulated by a high dielectric insulating material. A suitable material is a ceramic, like Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 or Ba.sub.2 TiO.sub.4, for example, as a single ceramic body with ducts for, respectively, the current supply lead (12) and the shielding wire (13), or, alternatively, to form separate ceramic sleeves (17, 18).

Abstract: A low pressure gas discharge lamp of the capillary bore type is equipped with a temperature control system whereby the electrode containment section and the light output section of the lamp are at higher temperatures than the capillary bore section. Vapor flow from the higher temperature sections to the relatively low capillary bore section maintains a satisfactory vapor fill in the bore section for attainment of a high light output. In one arrangement, the temperature control system includes a heater and a heat sink at selected points along the lamp envelope. In another form of the invention, the control system is solely a heat sink in thermal contact with the capillary bore section.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved layer coated on the outer surface of the envelope of high intensity discharge lamps, halogen lamps and so on. The overcoated layer is provided for preventing glass pieces of the envelope from scattering when the glass envelope is broken. Therefore the improved and strengthened layer comprises a fluorocarbon polymer containing metal oxide grains dispersed therein. The metal oxide grains are dispersed in the fluorocarbon polymer since the overcoated layer is heated at more than 200.degree. C. Further, for the purpose of strengthening the overcoated layer, the overcoated layer has an even density of the metal oxide grains in the fluorocarbon polymer. The even density of the metal oxide grains in the fluorocarbon polymer is obtained only by this invention of the coating method that includes a electrostatic coating step.

Abstract: A double envelope electric lamp having an outer envelope, support frame, inner capsule, threaded base, center contact, is disclosed. The support frame is formed with hooked ends that lie in shall grooves formed through the threads formed on the lamp neck. The exterior arms abut the metal base when the metal base is threaded onto the outer envelope. By making the exterior arms with a heavy wire, the positioning accuracy may be increased, and surprisingly, the threading torque may be reduced.