Abstract: The electric lamp has a lamp vessel (1) which is fixed by means of cement (6) in a lamp cap (3) of synthetic material. A metal ring (7) in contact with the cement (6) is present in the lamp cap (3), as a result of which the cement (6) can be secured by inductive heating of the metal ring (7). The lamp cap (3) has ribs (10,11) on the inside surface of the lamp cap (3), by which the metal ring (7) is radially and axially separated from the lamp cap (3).

Abstract: To protect tungsten electrode shafts (2, 3; 15, 16) extending into the a rtz glass discharge chamber (13, 27) of a high-pressure discharge lamp from attack by metal halides included in the fill to improve the color rendition of the discharge, the electrode shafts (2, 3; 15, 16) are tightly surronded by small tubes (11, 12; 25, 26) of electrically insulating material, which is highly temperature resistant, located in part within the press seal (10; 23, 24) and fitted against the ends of sealing foils (6, 7; 19, 20) which face the discharge chamber. The tube elements extend at least about 0.5 mm beyond the inner ends of the press seal (10; 23, 24) into the discharge chamber (13, 27) and are formed of a material which has a thermal coefficient of expansion which is not lower than that of quartz glass and not higher than that of tungsten.

Abstract: A single end-sealed type metal vapor discharge lamp includes an arc tube having a bulb made up of a discharge portion defining a discharge region and a sealing portion with a shoulder portion situated adjacent to the discharge portion. A pair of electrodes have a pair of mutually opposite electrode portions on an upper end of each of the pair, the electrodes extending from the sealing portion toward the discharge region. An outer tube encloses the arc tube in which a cross-sectional configuration of the bulb has a point of inflection at a boundary between the discharge portion and the sealing portion. A straight line l connecting a center of one electrode portion to that of the other electrode potion makes an angle of 15.degree.-45.degree. with respect to a straight line L connecting the point of inflection to a midpoint of the straight line l. The shoulder portion is located at a side opposite to that, on which the straight line l exists with the straight line L as a reference.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp having a partially collapsible frame for holding an arc tube at a predetermined angle to the lamp axis and being insertable through the neck portion of a standard bulged tube outer envelope. The frame has a first frame section welded to a standard stem assembly, a second frame section rotatably joined to the first frame section for holding the arc tube, and a third frame section rotatably joined to the second frame section for engaging the outer envelope opposite the lamp cap. The frame sections are joined by rotary locking joints and are aligned such that they pivot during insertion of the frame sections when the third frame section engages the dome portion of the outer envelope. The rotary locking joints lock with the arc tube at the desired angle.

Abstract: The high-pressure discharge lamp has an ionizable filling containing mercury, rare gas, dysprosium halide and a second halide chosen from the halides of Tl, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm and Gd. The lamp has a comparatively low color temperature and a good color rendition, especially also of the color of the skin. The lamp may be used, for example, as a studio lamp for the illumination of indoor scenes.

Abstract: A discharge lamp comprises an HPS discharge device within an outer envelope filled with inert gas. A normally nonconductive spark gap device within the outer envelope is connected across conductors used to apply a voltage to the HPS discharge device. The spark gap breaks down when the applied voltage exceeds a certain value to prevent breakdown through the inert gas within the outer envelope.

Abstract: A low wattage metal halide discharge lamp includes an evacuated envelope wherein is disposed a heat loss reducing member having an arc tube therein and means for interrupting the circuit for the current flow which sustains the electrolytic sodium loss process. In one embodiment, the circuit interruption means includes supporting the arc tube and dome sleeve by a supporting rod that is affixed by a metal strap to the glass stem within the lamp. The primary circuit interrupting effect occurring upon the heat loss reducing member being supported about the arc tube in an electrically insulated manner so as to create a high path of resistance back to the power supply. A substantial reduction of sodium loss along with improved color constancy and voltage stability resulted from interruption of the electrolysis circuit.

Abstract: A reflector lamp having an outer reflector envelope filled with a rare gas at a pressure of approximately one atmosphere during lamp operation, a high pressure sodium discharge device within the outer envelope, and support conductors for mounting the discharge device. A sleeve over one of the support conductors helps prevent electrical breakdown through the rare gas.

Abstract: An improved high pressure sodium vapor lamp construction is provided for operation on sonic frequency pulses without excessive acoustic noise. The novel jacketed lamp construction employs non-magnetostrictive metal for the frame employed to suspend a ceramic arc tube within the outer jacket in combination with a particular orientation or placement for ring getter elements located within said outer envelope. Various lamp constructions embodying such improvement are disclosed to enable relatively noise free lamp operation.

Abstract: An electric lamp includes a lamp assembly mounted in a lamp envelope including a reflector, a lens and a base for connection to an electrical source. The lamp assembly includes an arc tube having a longitudinal axis aligned with the optical axis of the reflector, an arc tube support strap attached to one end of the arc tube and including legs extending laterally in opposite directions from the axis of the arc tube, bulb spacers coupled to the legs of the support strap for positioning the arc tube relative to the lamp envelope, a light-transmissive shroud around the arc tube, and electrode supports coupled to the upper and lower electrode leads of the arc tube. The shroud includes an open end which abuts against the legs of the support strap and a domed end which substantially encloses one end of the arc tube. The electrode supports are electrically isolated from the support strap, the bulb spacers and the reflector. The shroud is secured between the support strap and one of the electrode supports.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge lamp having a pair of discharge devices with one of them initially operative. The discharge devices are laterally adjacent with the higher temperature end of the operative discharge device proximate the lower temperature end of the inoperative discharge device for heating it during lamp operation. This facilitates starting of the inoperative discharge device after a momentary power interruption.

Abstract: A three way lamp having two gas discharge light tubes mounted on the same housing having three terminals arranged thereon as provided on a three-way incandescent lamp.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp having an internal metal shield for containing fragments in the event the lamp discharge vessel ruptures. The metal shield is mounted in an electrically isolated condition to avoid acceleration of sodium loss from the discharge vessel due to the proximity of the discharge vessel and the metal shield.

Abstract: A double jacket arc lamp is disclosed. A double jacket arc lamp may be formed with an electric lamp capsule having an inner light transmissive envelope with electrical leads extending from the inner envelope through a first seal, and a second light transmissive envelope sealed to the inner envelope at a second seal to substantially surround the electric lamp capsule and form an enclosed volume between a portion of the exterior of the inner envelope and the interior of the outer envelope, and leaving the leads unenclosed by the outer envelope. The lamp leads then pass through only one seal, and have no portions exposed in the intermediate insulating volume. The intermediate volume of the double jacket arc lamp may include a fill gas including a noninert component. In particular, the fill gas may include oxygen which is thought to have useful gettering and glass preservation attributes. The use of oxygen in the fill gas allows the lamp to operate at a higher temperature, and therefore more efficiently.

Abstract: A sealed beam headlamp that includes a collar bonded to an annular flange formed on the rear of a reflector and having an opening with a cylindrical support surface for receiving a plug-type lamp bulb assembly formed with a spherical portion that allows the lamp bulb assembly to be moved as a unit axially and pivoted for adjusting the position of the filament of the lamp bulb assembly relative to the reflector of the headlamp.

Abstract: A double jacket arc lamp is disclosed. A double jacket arc lamp may be formed with an electric lamp capsule having an inner light transmissive envelope with electrical lead extending from the inner envelope through a first seal, and a second light transmissive envelope sealed to the inner envelope at a second seal to substantially surround the electric lamp capsule and form an enclosed volume between a portion of the exterior of the inner envelope and the interior of the outer envelope, and leaving the leads unenclosed by the outer envelope. The lamp leads then pass through only one seal, and have no portions exposed in the intermediate insulating volume. The inner capsule is then aligned once, while still being for the most part protected by a double envelope.

Abstract: A double-enveloped lamp assembly includes a light-source capsule subject to burst on rare occasions, a light-transmissive shield substantially surrounding the light-source capsule for absorbing and dissipating a portion of the energy when the light-source capsule bursts, a mesh of substantially nonconducting fiber for reinforcing the shield, and a light-transmissive outer envelope. The mesh is fabricated of ceramic fibers having sufficient strength to reinforce the shield. Since the fibers are nonconducting, sodium migration is minimized. The ceramic fiber mesh is particularly useful for high wattage lamps where thick-walled outer envelopes are not practical.

Abstract: A high pressure sodium discharge reflector lamp having a blown glass outer envelope. The outer envelope contains a rare gas having a fill pressure slightly less than one atmosphere and a pressure at lamp operating temperature of approximately one atmosphere for implosion protection.

Abstract: To permit use of a metal halide discharge lamp for general service illumiion requiring a color temperature of below 4100 K., and preferably about 4000 K., or even less, for example about 3500 K., a metal halide discharge lamp is fitted into a reflector and closely surrounded by a closed transparent tube of hard glass or quartz glass, which may be coated with an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) layer. The surrounding tube is retained against the base structure of the lamp adjacent the reflector apex, or fitted against the reflector, and closed at the other end either by an end cap integral with the tube, or by a separate cap element, retrained in position by a bridging strip spanning the light exit opening of the reflector. Preferably, the reflector is faceted.

Abstract: To mount a discharge vessel (8) within an elongated bulb or envelope (2) le permitting thermal expansion of the discharge vessel (8) and yet maintaining the discharge vessel, free from vibration, within the tube in alignment with the longitudinal axis thereof, a flat leaf spring element (15, 15') (FIG. 2 ) is secured to a holder structure (5; 6a, 6b, 12) secured in the bulb and the respective electrode current connections (10a, 10b, 25a, 25b) to the discharge vessel, the flat leaf spring element being so located in the bulb that its major plane is oriented essentially perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the lamp.

Abstract: Metal halide lamps having better lumen maintenance over the life of the lamp contain metal frame parts whose surface is oxidized either prior to lamp assembly or oxidized in-situ during operation of the lamp by oxygen or an oxidizing agent present inside the outer vitreous envelope.

Abstract: Improved support means are provided to center the filament light source of an incandescent lamp within an open-ended transparent cylinder coated with an infrared reflecting film. Such filament mount construction is adapted for use in a tungsten-halogen lamp. A reflector lamp utilizing the improved tungsten-halogen lamp as a light source is also disclosed.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp structure having a light transparent jacket surrounding the lamp. The chamber between the lamp and jacket is filled with a fluid (or mixture of fluids) which transitions between the liquid and vapor phases. The fluid extracts heat when the lamp wall temperature rises above a predetermined temperature causing the fluid to vaporize. The fluid condenses to form a partial vacuum in the chamber below that temperature.

Abstract: An arc tube for horizontal operation and arc discharge lamp employing same wherein the arc tube has devices in each end for suppressing crystalline deposit penetration into the arc tube press seals along the shanks of the main electrodes. Experimental evidence shows that crystalline penetration into a press seal weakens the press seal and is the likely cause of an occasional arc tube burst during lamp operation, a problem well known in the art. In a preferred embodiment, a starting electrode is mounted above the main electrode in each end of the operationally positioned arc tube. So placed, each starting electrode is upstream in the convective flow of the gaseous fill within the arc tube. Each starting electrode may be electrically coupled with the lamp's circuit or electrically isolated therefrom without substantially affecting the starting electrode's ability to suppress crystalline penetration of the press seal about the base of the adjacent main electrode.

Abstract: Metal lamp bases for electric lamps fabricated from certain relatively high copper and low zinc content copper alloys and lamps employing same are resistant to cracking in corrosive environments.

Abstract: A double filamented lamp with one filament being a back up for the other filament may be formed with two internal capsules enclosed in a single exterior sheath. Each filament is securely positioned away from, and protected from the activity of the other filament. By securely coupling one capsule to the sheath, and the second capsule to the lamp base, both capsules are accurately positioned, and do not vibrate in the exterior sheath.

Abstract: A discontinuous annular metallic holder for a glow starter in a high pressure discharge lamp. The holder has a hexagonal shape and encircles the bulb of the glow starter. One side is welded to one of the current-supply conductors extending from the lamp stem and two of the sides are parallel to the plane of the getters. The lower parallel side closest to the getter plane has an opening extending the length of the side to define an electrical discontinuity and to prevent a continuous circuit path within the lower side. The gap reduces the current induced in the lower side and resultant heating when the holder is subjected to an electromagnetic field during flashing of the getters. The reduced temperature of the lower side prevents damage to the glow starter.

Abstract: A dual arc tube high pressure discharge lamp with a support frame connected to an electrical connector comprising a U-shaped piece of wire the axes of the legs of which are offset from the base so that the plane passing through the axes of the legs does not pass through the middle of the base of the wire.

Abstract: A high pressure metal vapor lamp including an outer protective envelope having a lens and a reflector member having a base for connecting the lamp to a source of electrical power. An elongaated arc tube is provided extending cross-axially relative to the axis of the lamp, the arc tue being supported by leads extending from the base. A pair of barium flash getters is provided extending from respective ends of the arc tube towards, and in close proximity to, the lens and facing the reflector member.

Abstract: Flush and pump flush processes yielding light sources for incandescent and metal vapor discharge lamps are disclosed. The flush and pump flush processes also yield lamps that are particularly suitable for deposition of a reflective coating on its outer surface. For such reflective coated light sources, the associated lamp leads are encased in glass and therefore are protected against any deleterious reactions that may otherwise result from the deposition of the reflective coating process. The light sources yielded by the flush and pump flush processes of the present invention are advantageous in reducing the mounting arrangement of the lamps in which the light sources are housed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a head-light system for motor cars, comprising at least one or more, especially two housings (1) for head-lights and at least one light-emitting body in each housing (1), wherein the light emitting body is situated in a translucent outer vessel (4) made advantageously of glass if the housing (1) cannot be sealed hermetically and in an outer vessel (4) or without it if the housing (1) can be sealed hermetically, wherein at least one light-emitting body, and advantageously one in each housing (1) is made in form of a high-pressure gas discharge vessel (3) having a wall made of ceramics material. The main advantage of the proposed headlight system is that the visibility conditions during driving in darkness can be improved in comparison with the known solutions.

Abstract: A low wattage metal halide discharge lamp includes a arc tube having a temperature equalizing means telescoped thereover and an evacuated outer envelope enclosing the arc tube and convection current reducing means.

Abstract: A double-enveloped lamp having a shield surrounding a light-source capsule within a thick-walled outer envelope so that the lamp may be safely operated without necessity of a protective fixture. In the rare event of a burst of the light-source capsule, the shield absorbs and dissipates a portion of the burst energy sufficient to permit the thick-walled outer envelope to remain intact and contain shards and other internal parts within the lamp. In alternate embodiments, the shield may be reinforced, such as with a wire mesh, or the outer envelope may be reinforced, such as with a polymer coating, or both. A thin-walled capsule may be employed in combination with a shield and thick outer envelope. A lamp in accordance with the invention provides the unexpected benefits of improved luminous efficacy and better color rendering characteristics, since the presence of an optimally positioned shield causes the operation of the light-source capsule to be more nearly isothermal.

Abstract: An improved optical radiation source for use in illumination that is obtained from a thinwall tubular arc lamp with a high input power density that delivers high brightness. It includes a constricting enclosure that exerts a compressive force upon the insulating tube forming the envelope of said lamp to counteract tensile strain in the tube caused by higher gas pressure within the tube and a higher thermal gradient within the walls of said tube.

Abstract: In a high-pressure gas discharge lamp having a discharge vessel containing an ionizable gas filling, consisting of translucent material and surrounded by a translucent outer envelope, which is adjoined at an end thereof by a lamp cap, the space between the discharge vessel and the said end of the outer envelope accomodates a thermally insulating porous translucent element consisting of a microporous aerogel.

Abstract: An alkali metal vapor discharge lamp is operable in a pulsed mode. The vapor discharge lamp includes an inner envelope made of first ceramics and an outer envelope made of second ceramics for enclosing the inner envelope under a vacuum atmosphere or an innert atmosphere. The inner envelope contains cesium, mercury and a rare gas, the vapor pressure of which cesium is selected from 400 to 1000 Torr. The second ceramics of the outer envelope is selected to be alumina ceramics.

Abstract: A dual arc tube high pressure discharge lamp with a locating element for one end of each discharge tube in which the locating element comprises an H-shaped piece of stamped metal with a leg of the H inserted in the tubular electrode assemblies of each of the dual arc tubes.

Abstract: An HID lamp having parts of its internal metal support covered with a layer of material having a photoelectric work function greater than 5.0 electron volts to reduce internal photoelectron production. The material may be granular zirconium oxide having a photoelectric work function of 5.8 eV.

Abstract: In a gas discharge lamp having a discharge vessel containing an ionizable gas filling and consisting of a translucent material, which is surrounded at a certain distance by a translucent outer bulb, the discharge vessel has a thermally insulating translucent envelope of a microporous aerogel.

Abstract: A metal-halide arc tube and lamp having improved uniformity of azimuthal luminous intensity and being particularly suited for navigational signal applications. The arc tube when operationally positioned about a vertical axis has a body which is substantially egg-shaped with the lower half of the body being more oblate than the upper half. During operation, the surface of the upper half of the arc tube body remains entirely free of metal-halide condensate so that no emitted light is blocked by condensate in any direction and nearly uniform azimuthal intensity is achieved. A heat-reflecting coating about the lower electrode prevents the formation of a condensate puddle about the lower electrode and relocates the condensate during operation to an area of the lower half above the coating and below the center of the arc tube.

Abstract: An improved metal-halide arc discharge lamp includes an arc tube having a substantially cylindrical body surrounded laterally by a substantially cylindrical heat-conserving sleeve within an evacuated outer envelope. The ratio of the outer radius of the arc tube divided by the inner radius of the sleeve falls within an optimum range of approximately 0.54 to approximately 0.68, and preferably within a range of approximately 0.60 to approximately 0.63. A lamp constructed in accordance with the invention exhibits improved luminous efficacy and color rendering in comparison to prior art counterparts. The improved performance is believed to be attributable to the more nearly isothermal operation of the arc tube for a given wall loading.

Abstract: An arc discharge lamp having an elongated outer envelope being orthogonal or transverse to the central axis of the lamp base. The invention provides an optically precise, extremely rugged, very efficient, and long-lived light source particularly well suited for use in rotating navigational signals which are for use in rotating navigational signals which are frequently situated in remote locations and exposed to all types of weather conditions. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the lamp comprises a base having a vertical central axis, a light-transmissive outer envelope elongated along a horizontal central axis, and an upwardly arched arc tube for horizontal operation mounted within the outer envelope. In comparison with filamented counterparts of equal wattage from the prior art, the arc discharge source provides greater luminous efficacy and lamp life.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metal-halogen discharge lamp with an alkali-halide additive. The lamp consists of the discharge tube (2), the outer bulb (1), the current leads (3) led into the discharge tube (2) through the outer bulb (1). The discharge lamp according to the invention can be characterized in that the metal components arranged in the outer bulb of the discharge lamp and connected electrically to the mains are separated by a material insulating against alkali ions or alkali ions and electrons.

Abstract: To retain an arc tube (6, 16) in precise position with respect to an opti system (R) within an outer envelope (2, 12), the arc tube is retained at both ends by spiral springs (23) which have a cylindrical portion fitted in a sleeve-like current supply (7, 17) to the arc tube and having a conically expanding portion (25), terminating in an end portion (26) which is welded to a central guide pin (27) fitted and movable within the cylindrical portion (24) of the spring. The guide pin (27) can form part of an internal current supply (FIG. 3: 19) or be secured to an internal current supply lead (FIGS. 1, 2: 9).

Abstract: A high-efficacy, high power ultraviolet radiation lamp is disclosed. Electrodes are respectively provided at two ends of a discharge tube, and at least a rare gas is sealed in the discharge tube. The discharge tube is curved in a U shape. A reservoir for reserving a radiant material for radiating ultraviolet rays projects from the discharge tube. An isolating section is provided to surround at least the reservoir. The isolating section adjusts the temperature of the reservoir and supplies an appropriate amount of radiant material into the discharge tube.

Abstract: A multifunctional member and reflector lamp employing same for mounting a light-source capsule on the inside of the neck of the outer envelope, for optically aligning the capsule with respect to the reflector, for reflecting heat away from the base region of the lamp, for blocking convective heat transfer into the lamp neck, and for reflecting light incident on the member toward the lens. In performing these multiple functions, the member reflects heat back to the filament or light source which improves its efficiency, and the member redirects light toward the lens which improves the efficacy of the lamp. In a preferred embodiment, the multifunctional member is formed from stainless steel and has a bowl-shaped body with a somewhat flexible peripheral annular tab extending upward and outward conically. The peripheral tab may be crimped, slotted, or have a tapered thickness in order to provide flexibility sufficient for mounting.

Abstract: A metal halide discharge lamp for use in plant growing is disclosed. The lamp of the present invention includes an outer envelope having an inner surface, the inner surface including thereon a phosphor layer, the phosphor being selected to convert ultraviolet wavelength radiation into radiation having a wavelength from about 710 to about 780 nanometers; and a silica quartz shaped arc tube with central part being expanded including therein a pair of spaced electrodes and a chemical fill, the chemical fill comprising mercury, an inert gas, indium halide, lithium halide, sodium halide, and cesium halide. A preferred phosphor comprises iron-doped lithium aluminate. A most preferred chemical fill includes indium iodide, lithium iodide, sodium iodide, and cesium iodide in a molar ratio 0.6 to 7.4 to 1.3 to 0.4, respectively, mercury, and an inert gas.

Abstract: The low-pressure sodium discharge lamp according to the invention has a U-shaped discharge tube (1) with seals (4, 5), through which current-supply conductors (6, 7) extend to electrodes (8, 9). A supporting member (14) fixes the discharge tube (1) in an outer bulb (10). Upright collars (18, 19) at the supporting member (14), which surround the seals (4, 5) throughout their lengths, prevent the discharge tube from becoming leaky at high-frequency operation and the lamp from reaching the end of its life prematurely.

Abstract: A metal halide discharge lamp includes an arc tube design having a particular end shape which allows control of the temperature distribution within the arc tube, so that sensitivity of the arc tube performance to orientation is reduced and concentration of the metallic halide components in the arc region is maintained relatively constant. The shaping of the arc tube ends and the use of a low thermal emissivity coating on the arc tube allows maintenance of the metallic halide in the vapor state at a constant level to promote better lumen maintenance and color rendering in a metal halide discharge lamp.

Abstract: A ceramic arc tube assembly for an arc discharge lamp includes an arc tube having openings for electrode feedthroughs at opposite ends. The feedthroughs each comprise a niobium tube having a tungsten electrode welded to it. A connection wire is welded to the feedthrough at or near the end of the niobium tube, and the feedthrough is subsequently sealed into the arc tube with the connection wire abutting the arc tube. Since the connection wire is prewelded to the feedthrough, the feedthrough can be made as short as practicable without risk of damaging the seal during welding. As a result, feedthrough material cost is substantially reduced. Preferably, the connection wire is used for locating the feedthrough in the arc tube during seal formation.