Abstract: A discharge lamp with offset or tilted arc tube includes a glass envelope or bulb which surrounds an arc tube. One end of the bulb has a threaded mount for securement into a lamp socket. The arc tube is supported inside the bulb in a position whereby the longitudinal axis of the arc tube is offset from the longitudinal axis of the bulb.

Abstract: A scandium halide and alkali metal halide discharge lamp has a chemical fill in the arc tube comprising an inert starting gas, mercury, alkali metal iodides, scandium iodide and platinum metal as an additive for reducing the tendency of the lamps to discolor during operation.

Abstract: The luminous efficacy and color rendering index of a metal halide lamp containing sodium iodide and scandium iodide is increased, and the color correlated temperature is decreased, by the addition of critical amounts of thallium iodide and lithium iodide.

Abstract: A discharge lamp device having an insulator base made of a synthetic resin integrally bonded to a globe holding member made of ceramic wherein a discharge lamp is attached. Also provided is a pair of lead supports for supporting the discharge lamp at its opposite ends. The discharge lamp and lead supports are completely surrounded by an ultraviolet ray shielding globe which is fixed to globe holding member. The globe effectively absorbs harmful ultraviolet rays having a wavelength in a predetermined wavelength range.

Abstract: To reliably secure a sealed light source bulb element (1a), for example a logen incandescent lamp, to a standard screw-in base, for example an Edison E14 base, while surrounding the sealed bulb element (1a) with an outer bulb, a support carrier (8, 8'), for example of nickel-plated steel wire, is bent into essentially ring shape and seated on a ring seating surface (9) formed on a base sleeve which carries the Edison thread. The outer bulb (2) is formed with an extending neck (2a) cemented into a cylindrical extension from the base, leaving a small gap from the seating surface to define a groove within which the ring-shaped portion of the support carrier is located. The support carrier ends in a bent-away portion, bent out of the major plane of the ring-shaped portion of the support carrier, into engaging position with one (5) of two current supply leads (4, 5) which extend from the sealed light source bulb element, and is spot-welded to that lead.

Abstract: A support for a filament or lamp capsule in a lamp having a base and a light-transmissive envelope includes a support ring that is inserted into the base. The ring can be pressed or otherwise secured into the base. The support ring includes at least one pair of tabs that extend radially inwardly. The tabs include mounting holes aligned generally in a direction extending upwardly from the base toward the envelope for receiving and supporting an electrical lead of the filament or lamp capsule. The tabs can be resilient to forcibly engage the lead of the filament or lamp capsule. Two pairs of tabs can be provided to support two leads of the filament or lamp capsule.

Abstract: Heat sink means are provided for a metal halide lamp to enable more light output during lamp start-up. A xenon-metal halide lamp employing the heat sink means is disclosed along an with automotive headlamp having this lamp for its light source.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp comprises a glass tube defining a discharge space and a pair of electrodes provided in the glass tube for generating a discharge therebetween. The metal halide lamp has mercury and halogen fillings comprising bromine and iodine contained in the glass tube. The mol ratio of the bromine to the halogen fillings is 0.3 to 0.7. The metal halide lamp has metal reacting with the halogen and emitting light in the glass tube by the discharge. The metal comprises tin, sodium, thallium and indium. The tin contained in the glass tube is at the amount of 1 to 14 .mu..multidot.mol per 1 cc of discharge space. Each mol ratio of the amount of the sodium, the thallium and the indium to the amount of the tin is not less than 0.2, respectively. The lamp has a color temperature of more than 4000.degree. K. without sacrificing efficiency or color rendition.

Abstract: An arc discharge lamp having an arc tube mounted within a lamp envelope includes a thermal switch for controlling application of electrical energy to a starting electrode. The thermal switch is mounted between the arc tube and the lamp base with its longitudinal axis generally parallel to the central axis of the lamp envelope. The thermal switch is spaced from the central axis of the lamp envelope by a support rod and extends into an annular space between the lamp stem and the wall of the lamp envelope. As a result, the maximum temperature of the thermal switch during lamp operation does not exceed about 400.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention provides a ceramic electric-discharge lamp having a pinch-sealer which is set to an end of an outer envelope and covered by a base having a pair of base pins projecting themselves into the base. The outer envelope is in vacuum, in which an arc tube composed of a square U-shaped tube is installed. Apertures of both ends of the square U-shaped illuminant are closed by ceramic discs each containing an electrode. Linear illuminant is formed in such regions where the radius of curvature of the square U-shaped arc tube greatly varies, in other words, between the curved portions.

Abstract: A light mirror and a lamp including a light mirror are disclosed. The light mirror includes a light pervious substrate having a reflecting surface, a metal coating disposed in the reflecting surface, and a dichroic coating disposed on the metal coating. The dichroic coating is designed to reflect essentially all of the visible light spectrum and to transmit infra-red radiation and any unreflected portion of the visible light spectrum. A method for controlling the heat transmission of a cold light mirror is also disclosed.

Abstract: A high-pressure sodium arc discharge lamp having a novel arc tube support member which provides a secure mechanical and electrical connection and does not require welding between the support member and the arc tube lead wire or feedthrough. The support member may be adapted for mounting a single arc tube or two arc tubes within the outer envelope. The feedthrough of each arc tube is inserted into an aperture in the support member such that a secure interference fit is achieved. The interference fit is similar to the fastening of a threadless nut. In a preferred embodiment, the support member has a first planar surface having one or more apertures therein and two second planar surfaces substantially perpendicular to the first planar surface; each second planar surface has a protruding leg by which the support member may be mounted on the internal lamp frame.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp includes a protective cover assembly having a protective tube preformed of a semi-rigid non-frangible transparent polymeric material and received over the glass tube with a clearance between the outer surface of the glass tube and inner surface of the protective tube and extending lengthwise substantially coextensively with the glass tube and a collar preformed of a heat-shrinkable polymeric material received in overlapping relation over a portion of the protective sleeve at each end thereof and over the flange portion of the adjacent cap, the collar being heat-shrunk into sealed relation with the protective tube and the cap flange portion.

Abstract: To reliably support a metal halide discharge vessel within an outer bulb, spite of possible shock or vibration, and to accomodate thermal expansion in use, a support structure (6) is provided, melt-connected to the base (4) and having a cross bar portion (15) positioned transversely to the lamp axis of a length substantially less than the diameter of the outer bulb (1), and electrically and mechanically connected to one of the current supply leads (11) of the discharge vessel. The cross bar portion is connected through respectively inclined connecting portions (16, 17; 16', 17') to transversely extending first and second holding portions (20, 21; 20', 21') located within the outer bulb, and extending in chord across the outer bulb at respectively opposite sides of the discharge vessel.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp having a thick film resistor comprising a plurality of resistive elements. A first resistive element is included in a starting circuit for the lamp and a second resistive element is in series with the arc tube during lamp operation for flicker elimination. The integral thick film resistor facilitates mounting and connection of the resistor elements within the lamp envelope.

Abstract: A metal halide high intensity discharge lamp including a carbon monoxide additive in the arc tube fill to improve lumen maintenance is provided. The metal halide discharge lamp of the present invention comprises: an outer sealed glass envelope; a pair of electrical conductors sealed into and passing through the glass envelope; an arc tube disposed within the outer glass envelope, the arc tube including a pair of spaced electrodes therein with the electrodes being electrically connected to the electrical conductors such that one electrode is electrically connected to one electrical conductor; a chemical fill disposed within the arc tube, the chemical fill comprising mercury, metal halide additives, carbon monoxide, and a starting gas; and a support structure disposed within the outer glass envelope to support the arc tube therein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure sodium discharge lamp provided with a discharge vessel having a ceramic wall and enclosed with intervening space by an outer bulb. The discharge vessel is provided with two electrodes whose respective tips have a mutual distance D. The discharge vessel has a substantially circular cross-section with an interior diameter d.sub.i over the distance D. Under nominal operating conditions, according to the invention, the wall has a wall load of at least 60 W/cm.sup.2, the space between the outer bulb and the discharge vessel contains a gas filling, and D/d.sub.i being >6.

Abstract: A source of red light includes a double-bore capillary tube having a pair of ends and a convoluted shape. A pair of electrodes is located at one end of the capillary tube and disposed within respective bores. An ionizable medium is enclosed within the capillary tube and includes neon at a pressure from about 300 to 600 torr. When energized, the ionizable medium generates an arc discharge between the electrodes consisting primarily of radiation in the range of from 590 to 670 nanometers. An outer jacket of vitreous material may surround the capillary tube and contain an inert gas (e.g., nitrogen) at a predetermined pressure.

Abstract: The electrodeless low-pressure discharge lamp comprises a tube which is closed at one end, which surrounds a body of soft magnetic material with clearance, and which is enclosed with clearance in the cavity in the outer bulb, which cavity enters the cavity in the discharge vessel. The tube provides a good insulation of the body from the heat of the discharge in the discharge vessel.

Abstract: Two series connected high pressure sodium arc discharge tubes include a saturated arc tube and an unsaturated arc tube. When the saturated arc tube voltage shifts in value due to changes in operating conditions, the other unsaturated arc tube voltage does not shift to compensate for the voltage increase. Because the unsaturated arc tube voltage does not shift, the rate of voltage shift of the saturated arc tube is smaller in magnitude than otherwise would occur if both arc tubes were saturated.

Abstract: An explosion proof light comprising a shatter-resistant, fluid tight, light transmissive case and a fluid tight light source sealed within the case in at least partial spaced-apart relation thereto. An effective quantity of electrically non-conductive fluid extinguishant such as Halon 2402 is sealed within the space between the case and the light source under positive pressure for suppressing sparks resulting from damage to the light causing penetration to the light source and exposure of sparks and intense heat to the environment. An outer housing may preferably be positioned over the case to add further protection.

Abstract: A metal vapor discharge lamp has a small arc tube of a single end type. The maximum and minimum thicknesses of the wall of the arc tube and the ratio of the minimum thickness to the maximum thickness are set to the values in predetermined ranges. The set thicknesses prevents breakage of the arc tube and deterioration of the lamp characteristics.

Abstract: An electric lamp assembly includes a sealed lamp envelope, a lamp capsule located within the lamp envelope, a cylindrical, light-transmissive shroud surrounding the lamp capsule, and a mounting arrangement for supporting the lamp capsule and the shroud within the lamp envelope. The mounting arrangement includes one or two supports rods parallel to the axis of the shroud and first and second clips for retaining the shroud and the lamp capsule. The clips prevent both axial and lateral movement of the shroud. The clips are attached to the support rods, typically by welding. In a preferred embodiment, a single clip at each end of the shroud retains both the shroud and the lamp capsule, and requires only a single weld to the support rod.

Abstract: A miniature, low-wattage fluorescent lamp includes a double-bore inner capillary tube having a pair of ends and a convoluted shape. The inner capillary tube is comprised of a vitreous material (e.g., quartz) which is capable of transmitting ultraviolet radiation. A pair of electrodes (e.g., mercury pool) is located at one end of the inner capillary tube and disposed within respective bores. An ionizable medium is enclosed within the inner capillary tube and includes an inert starting gas and a quantity of mercury. When energized, the ionizable medium generates an arc discharge between the electrodes consisting of ultraviolet radiation. A phosphor coating responsive to the ultraviolet radiation is disposed on an outer surface of the inner capillary tube and remote from the arc discharge. An outer jacket of vitreous material surrounds the inner capillary tube and contains an inert gas at a predetermined pressure.

Abstract: The high-pressure gas discharge lamp has within an outer envelope a discharge vessel and current supply conductors, which are connected via current lead-through conductors to electrodes within the discharge vessel. The current supply conductor is enveloped in part by an insulator. The lamp is resistant to shocks due to the fact that the insulator is laterally fixed to the outer envelope.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure sodium discharge lamp in which the elongate discharge vessel is provided with an external ignition antenna consisting of a thin spiralized wire. According to the invention, an end of the antenna is fixed directly to a support member without a mandril at a location axially spaced from said discharge vessel in the extended direction of the discharge vessel and mounted elastically and with pretension over substantially its entire length.

Abstract: A discharge lamp unit in which a pair of terminal and lead support assemblies (A, B), composed of a pair of metal connector terminals (123, 125) and a pair of metal lead supports (122, 124), are fixedly held by a molded resin lamp holder (120) in such a manner that the connector terminals (123, 125) extend from the rear surface of the lamp holder while the lead supports (122, 124) extend from the front surface of the lamp holder to support a discharge lamp (110). The lamp holder has an axial through-hole formed therein during the molding of the lamp holder in a metal mold in such a manner that the axial through-hole is located between the connector terminals of the terminal and lead support assemblies, whereby the lamp holder is enhanced in dielectric strength.

Abstract: A metal halide arc lamp assembly has a configuration which provides improved containment performance in the event that the arc tube bursts. The lamp assembly includes a metal halide arc tube, a cylindrical quartz shroud surrounding the arc tube and a sealed outer envelope enclosing the shroud and the arc tube. The arc tube has press seals with a generally I-shaped cross section. The maximum dimension of the press seals perependicular to the arc tube axis is not substantially greater than the maximum dimension of the bulb portion of the arc tube. The spacing between the outside surface of the bulb portion and the inside surface of the shroud is not greater than about three millimeters.

Abstract: A commercially feasible triple-enveloped metal-halide arc-discharge lamp having a hermetically sealed light-transmissive enclosure surrounding the arc tube and a hermetically sealed light-transmissive outer envelope. There is a vacuum within the enclosure and outside the arc tube. There is a gaseous fill within the outer envelope and outside the enclosure. Preferably, metal frame parts within the outer envelope are electrically isolated from the electrical circuit of the lamp in order to minimize sodium loss from the arc tube and providing superior luminous maintenance. The vacuum enclosure about the arc tube eliminates convective heat loss and redistributes reflected heat back to the arc tube such that arc tube operation is hotter and more nearly isothermal. As a result, lamp performance characteristics are comparable or improved with respect to double-enveloped prior art counterparts. Color temperature is substantially reduced.

Abstract: A high pressure sodium discharge lamp having an arc tube mounted within a lamp envelope and having a resistor connected electrically in series with the arc tube. An insulative body is provided between the arc tube feed-through closest to the stem and a rigid conductor for axially supporting the arc tube and electrically insulating the feed-through from the rigid conductor. The series flicker-elimination resistor is mounted adjacent the lamp stem and electrically shunts the insulative body. An integral thick film resistor which includes the series resistor and a starting resistor for a starting circuit has optimized terminal placement for simplifying mount construction.

Abstract: Anode and cathode means are provided for a metal halide lamp which cooperate in providing more rapid light output during lamp start-up. A xenon-metal halide lamp employing the improved discharge electrode means is disclosed along with an automotive headlamp having this lamp for its light source.

Abstract: A low wattage metal halide capsule shape having a cylindrical shape geometry with asymmetrical regions behind the anode and cathode for direct current operation is disclosed. The disclosure concerns several arc tube geometries to encourage internal convective flow in small, direct current arc discharge lamps.

Abstract: In a double bulb type halogen lamp, a sealed space between the inner surface of an outer bulb and the outer surface of the inner bulb in which a coiled filament is disposed is filled with a weak oxidation gas to avoid deoxidation of the optical interference film composed of metal oxide substances exposed to the sealed space.

Abstract: To eliminate a holding frame for a starting wire (20) outside of an elongd discharge vessel (1), the starting wire (20) is directly connected to one of the electrode leads (4, 5), typically niobium tubes, by a bimetal strip (21) which is, preferably, bent in stepped form or Z shape. Under cold conditions, the strip or wire (20) is in engagement with the outside of the discharge vessel (1) to assist in starting, due to its electrical connection via the bimetal strip (21) with one of the electrodes; upon heating of the lamp, the bimetal strip (21) will lift the wire (20) off engagement with the discharge vessel (1) and thus prevent deterioration thereof.

Abstract: A metal halide arc discharge lamp includes an arc tube and a light-transmissive shroud mounted within a lamp envelope. The arc tube and the shroud are mechanically supported within the lamp envelope by resilient spring members. Since the support structure for the arc tube and the shroud is mechanically and electrically isolated from the lamp stem, leakage current between the support structure and the electrical inleads is eliminated, thereby reducing sodium loss from the arc tube and extending the operating life of the lamp. The spring-mounted construction enables the lamp to withstand mechanical shock and vibration.

Abstract: A high-pressure metal vapor discharge lamp, for example and specifically a etal halide vapor discharge lamp, has a discharge vessel, in which electrodes are fitted from both ends, in form of an elongated ceramic hollow body, in which, in accordance with the invention, the ceramic is translucent, high-purity aluminum nitride (AIN). The end portions are closed off by closing electrodes in form of either solid pins or rods, from which electrode elements carried on shafts (13) extend, or a hollow tube (19) fitted into the end portion of the aluminum nitride discharge vessel and pinched and soldered shut. The solid or tubular closing elements can be inserted into a pre-sintered discharge vessel, preferably under inert atmospheric conditions, in a meticulously clean environment. For translucidness, the high-purity aluminum nitride should have less than 0.05% of metal cations, which may cause coloring or discoloration, less than 0.01% iron as two or three valent ions, and less than 0.

Abstract: To guide a double-ended arc tube (8) within an outer bulb (2), a sheet me guide element (17, 17') is secured to a support rod (12) of a holder structure (6a, 6b, 7, 12) extending within the bulb, the sheet metal part (17) having a major surface extending at least approximately transversely to the lamp axis (A) and being formed with an opening (24) fitting around and loosely, resiliently recieving a press seal (10) of the arc discharge tube (8). Preferably, the opening (24) is rectangular, and depending flaps (25, 26) extend from the sides of the opening to resiliently grip the press seal. The flaps may be reduced adjacent their junction with the rim (22, 23) surrounding the opening (24) of the guide element, so that a single guide element can receive different sizes of arc tubes having differently shaped press seals (10, 15).

Abstract: A metal halide arc discharge lamp includes an arc tube and a light-transmissive shroud mounted within a lamp envelope. The arc tube and the shroud are mechanically attached to a frame. The frame is mechanically supported within the lamp envelope by resilient spring members. Since the frame is mechanically and electrically isolated from the lamp stem, leakage current between the frame and the electrical inleads is eliminated, thereby reducing sodium loss from the arc tube and extending the operating life of the lamp. The spring-mounted construction enables the lamp to withstand mechanical shock and vibration.

Abstract: The high pressure discharge lamp has containment structure in the outer envelope which encloses the discharge vessel. The containment structure consists of a glass cylindrical sleeve closed at its ends by a metal plate. The plates, the cylindrical sleeve and the discharge vessel are combined as a subassembly. The metal plates are provided with tongues bearing on the glass cylindrical sleeve and the outer envelope. The lamp has a flexible conductor which extends from the current lead-through conductor remote from the stem to the lamp stem and bears on the outer envelope. The containment structure prevents failure of the outer lamp envelope in the event of explosive failure of the discharge vessel.

Abstract: An electric lamp includes an arc tube assembly mounted in a lamp envelope including a reflector, a lens and a base for connection to an electrical source. The arc tube assembly includes an arc tube having a longitudinal axis aligned with the optical axis of the reflector, a light-transmissive shroud disposed around the arc tube, first and second clips attached to opposite ends of the arc tube, a connection member attached to the first and second clips such that the shroud is retained between the first and second clips in a fixed position relative to the arc tube, and upper and lower electrode supports for mechanically supporting the arc tube in the lamp envelope entirely from the base region and for coupling electrical energy to the arc tube. A support ring is positioned in a heel region of the lamp envelope and is attached to the connection member. The support ring cushions the arc tube assembly when the lamp is subjected to mechanical shock.

Abstract: A pulsed light source includes a sealed, ultraviolet-transmissive lamp tube defining a discharge region containing a rare gas or a mixture of rare gases, anode and cathode electrodes sealed into the lamp tube at opposite ends, leads for connecting the electrodes to a pulsed source of electrical energy and a phosphor material located on a surface external to the discharge region. The lamp tube contains mercury in sufficient quantity to cover the cathode electrode when the lamp tube is oriented with the cathode electrode at the bottom. The cathode electrode is protected by the mercury from sputtering that results from ion bombardment. The mercury emits pulsed ultraviolet radiation which stimulates emission of visible light by the phosphor material. Lamp tube pressure is below 200 torr. The light source is operable over a range of pulse widths and duty cycles. The color of light emission is determined by the phosphor.

Abstract: A gas-discharge lamp has an envelope which accommodates a longitudinally extending high-pressure inner tube which is secured to current leads sealed in a stem of the envelope. At least one-half of the entire inner surface of the envelope has a reflector coating applied in such a manner that a plane drawn through extremities of the reflector coating runs in parallel with a longitudinal axis of the high-pressure inner tube. The envelope is of a cross-sectional configuration in which the distance from the axis of the inner tube to the surface of the reflector coating varies continuously. The ratio of the shortest distance (r.sub.min) from the axis of the inner tube to the surface of the reflector coating to the respective maximum distance ranges from 0.6 to 1.0.

Abstract: The high-pressure discharge lamp has around the discharge vessel an inner sheath of quartz glass and an outer sheath of aluminosilicate glass. An interference filter reflecting UV radiation is present between the discharge vessel and the outer sheath. The light emitted by the lamp thus satisfies the conventional standards regarding radiation for lamps operated in open luminaires.

Abstract: An electric lamp is provided including a sealed outer glass envelope having an arc tube therein supported from the stem of the outer glass envelope by a support frame. The support frame is attached to the stem by a stem clip to which the support frame is welded. An inert refractory fibrous material is disposed between the stem and the stem clip to provide resiliency and a friction fit therebetween.

Abstract: A high pressure metal halide discharge lamp having a containment sleeve closed by a pair of metallic end caps for containing arc tube fragments in the event of explosive failure of the arc tube. Insulators secured in the end caps electrically insulate the arc tube lead-throughs from the end caps. Metallic tubes fixed on the lead-throughs butt against the insulators to secure the arc tube between the end caps and hold the end caps against the containment sleeve. Photoelectric emission from the end caps is avoided by electrically isolating the end caps or by providing a dielectric coating on end cap surfaces exposed to ultraviolet radiation.

Abstract: A metal halide high intensity discharge lamp including a carbon monoxide additive in the arc tube fill to improve lumen maintenance is provided. The metal halide discharge lamp of the present invention comprises: an outer sealed glass envelope; a pair of electrical conductors sealed into and passing through the glass envelope; an arc tube disposed within the outer glass envelope, the arc tube including a pair of spaced electrodes therein with the electrodes being electrically connected to the electrical conductors such that one electrode is electrically connected to one electrical conductor; a chemical fill disposed within the arc tube, the chemical fill comprising mercury, metal halide additives, carbon monoxide, and a starting gas; and a support structure disposed within the outer glass envelope to support the arc tube therein.

Abstract: An elongated tubular lamp such as an arc lamp or tungsten halogen lamp mounted in a reflector or lamp mount by means of a long and a short mount wire is more resistant to breaking off the mount wires if the short mount wire is smaller in diameter than the long mount wire, but not smaller than the diameter of the lamp lead wire to which it is welded in combination with the lamp lead wire being molybdenum alloy having a recrystallization temperature at least about 200.degree. C. higher than molybdenum.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure sodium discharge lamp provided with a discharge vessel having a longitudinal axis 1 and a diameter D. The discharge vessel is enclosed by an outer envelope. Within the outer envelope a starting circuit is arranged, which has at least a glow starter. According to the invention, the outer envelope is a clear outer envelope and the glow starter is arranged so as to be laterally displaced over a distance of at least D/2 with respect to the discharge vessel. Moreover, the glow starter is shielded for the major part with respect to the discharge vessel by means of a heat shield.

Abstract: An improved metal halide discharge lamp is provided. The improved metal halide includes an arc tube having a pair of electrodes and containing a fill including an inert starting gas, mercury, and metal halides; and an outer envelope enclosing the arc tube. The entire outer surface of the arc tube is coated with a heat reflective material to improve lamp efficiency.

Abstract: Electric gas discharge lamp having a stem and a discharge vessel accommodated in an outer envelope. Resilient elements constituted by a bent wire piece are mounted on a free end portion to secure the frame and discharge vessel within the outer envelope. The bent wire pieces have a curved portion which engage the inner surface of the outer envelope which prevents scratching of the outer envelope during insertion of the stem frame into the outer envelope during lamp assembly.