Abstract: An electric lamp, such as an infrared lamp, including a sealed outer envelope having a sealed end portion in which are positioned a pair of electrical conductors. Centrally positioned within the outer envelope is a sealed inner, light-transmitting envelope which includes therein a coiled tungsten filament. A pair of conductive members, coupled to the filament, project externally from opposing sealed end parts of the inner envelope. One of these projecting conductive members is electrically connected to a respective one of the electrical conductors while the other conductive member is electrically connected to the remaining conductor through the utilization of a thin, conductive molybdenum reflector which is positioned within the outer envelope adjacent the sealed, inner envelope.

Abstract: An improved metal-halide arc discharge lamp includes an arc tube having a substantially cylindrical body surrounded laterally by a substantially cylindrical heat-conserving sleeve within an evacuated outer envelope. The ratio of the outer radius of the arc tube divided by the inner radius of the sleeve falls within an optimum range of approximately 0.54 to approximately 0.68, and preferably within a range of approximately 0.60 to approximately 0.63. A lamp constructed in accordance with the invention exhibits improved luminous efficacy and color rendering in comparison to prior art counterparts. The improved performance is believed to be attributable to the more nearly isothermal operation of the arc tube for a given wall loading.

Abstract: The high-pressure gas discharge lamp according to the invention has at least one electrode comprising an electrode rod and a helical winding near its tip projecting into the lamp vessel, both mainly of tungsten. The winding has a first layer of turns directly around the rod with locally a turn of high pitch P. The winding has around the first layer another layer of turns which is wound in opposite direction and has a turn of high pitch gripping around the turn of high pitch of the first layer forming therewith contact areas located diametrically opposite to each other. Between the contact areas high pitched turn of the outer layer engages the rod with a clamping fit. An additional turn of the second layer wound in the same direction as the first layer is disposed over the high pitched turns of the second layer in the region where the high pitched turn of the second layer engages the electrode rod. The winding has the same diameter over its entire length and is fixed firmly to the electrode rod.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved electric lamp with a self-mounting frame member for mounting a light source capsule within an outer envelope. The improvement lies in the lamp's inclusion of means for substantially preventing rotational movement of the frame member when the frame member is mounted and secured by a base member. Rotational movement preventing means is located about the outer envelope's neck portion and forms part of the frame member. Rotational movement preventing means includes a grooveless brim on the neck portion, a pair of grooves on the outer surface of the neck portion and a frame member with mounting means positioned about the brim and mated with the grooves of the neck portion.

Abstract: In double ended high pressure discharge lamps such as are used in sealed beam reflectors the leads pass through the reflector bowl close to the axis thereof and close to each other giving risk of flashover therebetween, particularly with the high voltages required for hot restarting. To reduce such effects at least one of the leads has a length forming part of a circle terminating at one end and a sleeve of insulating refractory material conforming generally to the same circle is fitted to at least part of the circular part.

Abstract: A high intensity arc discharge lamp having an elongated outer vitreous envelope sealed by a dome at its upper end and a base assembly at is lower end. An elongated arc discharge tube within the envelope is supported at its lower end by the base assembly and at its upper end by a supporting frame, the lower end of the supporting frame also being supported by the base assembly. To stabilize the upper end of the supporting frame against movement with respect to the outer envelope, a curvilinear flat retaining spring is affixed at one end to the upper end of the supporting frame, the other end of the retaining spring being in free cantilevered compression contact with the dome of the envelope.

Abstract: A single-ended lamp having a double-ended light-source capsule mounted axially within an outer envelope on thermally conductive support members such that the amount of heat conducted to the base region of the lamp through each support member is approximately equal. In a preferred embodiment, a high-pressure sodium PAR lamp having a temperature-sensitive component in the lamp base employs two support wires for the arc tube; the support wire coupled with the arc tube end closer to the lamp base has a loop formed therein so that the lengths of both support wires are approximately equal and the thermal conductivity of both support wires are also approximately equal in the operating environment of the lamp; whereby the temperature-sensitive component operates within acceptable temperature limits. In alternate embodiments, each support member may employ one or more loops or other configurations in order to minimize the amount of heat transferred to the lamp base through conduction in the support members.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure sodium discharge lamp intended to be operated in conjunction with an external starter or with an internal starter without a glow discharge. The lamp has an outer bulb which is provided with a lamp cap and encloses an evacuated space in which a discharge vessel is arranged. According to the invention, the space enclosed by the outer bulb further accommodates a closed holder, whose wall mainly comprises glass-forming constituents and which contains at least helium. Thus, it is achieved that the lamp has a strongly reduced increase in lamp voltage during the life.

Abstract: A three way lamp having two gas discharge light tubes mounted on the same housing in a light-transmitting bulb.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp of the twin tube or double twin type which is protected by an outer envelope mounted to the fluorescent lamp or the housing which contains the fluorescent lamp ballast. In a preferred embodiment the outer envelope is in the shape of an incandescent lamp envelope.

Abstract: A mounting arrangement for disposing a light source comprising an inner envelope within an outer envelope with both envelopes comprising a general service tungsten-halogen incandescent lamp is disclosed. The mounting arrangement has parameters which are selected in accordance with the ratio between the natural frequency characteristics of the filament of the light source and the mounting arrangement itself. The selected ratios of the natural frequencies of the filament and the mounting arrangement reduce the typically experienced shock vibrations of the general service lamp that are transmitted to the filament and thereby improves the overall life expectancy of the general service incandescent lamp.

Abstract: A high pressure sodium vapor discharge lamp of the type having a discharge tube with a feed-through tube and an internal electrode at each end of the tube. An outer envelope encompasses the arc tube and there is an arc tube centering means disposed within the outer envelope and electrically coupled to the arc tube. The arc tube centering means is comprised of a geometric configuration which compensates for thermal expansion differences between the arc tube and the outer envelope during lamp sealing and, more importantly, lamp operation. The arc tube centering means includes a pair of offset lead wires, at least one of which has a twisted loop disposed along its length. The offset lead wires are preferably made of niobium.

Abstract: A light-source containment device and lamp employing such device; a metal halide arc discharge lamp having a light-transmissive shield enclosing the arc tube and a wire mesh surrounding the shield. In the event the arc tube bursts causing shattering of the shield, the wire mesh substantially restricts shards of the shield and arc tube from shattering the outer envelope of the lamp thereby providing improved safety characteristics of the lamp. A similar containment device encloses the light-source capsule and protects against lamp-containment failures in tungsten halogen lamps.

Abstract: A sealed beam lamp having an outer envelope defining a gas-tight enclosure filled with an inert nonreactive gas at a pressure in the range of 5 to 50 Torrs, and an illuminating burner capsule mounted within the enclosure. The integrity of the gas-tight enclosure as well as the pressure of the gas is verified by creating a predetermined electrical potential within the enclosure to form a glow discharge in the gas if the gas pressure is within a predetermined range indicating the lamp is serviceable and an arc discharge if the gas pressure is in excess of the range indicating the lamp is defective.

Abstract: Low-power lamps, that is, lamps having a power rating of less than 250 W, g. less than 100 W, and, for instance 40 W, have an arc tube which has a fill of mercury with additives of metal halides and a noble gas. To permit universal mounting application of the lamp, the arc tube (2) has a single-press seal (3) at one side thereof in which the electrodes are retained, the arc tube being surrounded by an envelope having, likewise, a single-ended, single-press seal (5) located at the same side as the press seal of the arc tube, through which continuation elements (8, 10, 12, 14; 9, 11, 13, 15) of the electrode elements are conducted. The arc tube and the envelope are so closely spaced that heat radiated from the arc tube to the envelope is effectively reflected to the arc tube without substantial radiation by the envelope. The arc tube and/or the envelope may be frosted, and made, respectively, of hard glass or quartz glass which has low transmissivity in the UV and IR ranges of radiation.

Abstract: A method of forming a support wire for the arc tube of a discharge lamp wherein a cut end of the support wire is flattened to provide a smooth burr-free surface for insertion into the opening of the niobium tubes located at the ends of the arc tube of the discharge lamp.

Abstract: A low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp in which a rare gas and mercury are provided in an outer bulb, which in turn contains therein a plurality of bent inner tubes, each having an opening at an end and an electrode at the other end thereof. A starting probe is provided between the openings in the outer bulb. An operating circuit or starter is connected to the electrodes. Further, a starting probe circuit is connected to the starting probe to apply a high voltage to the starting probe at the time of ignition.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp with a multi-bent wire frame which provides symmetrical orientation and improved structural support for a pair of discharge devices which are supported at their tops by an element which allows for differential expansion of the devices.

Abstract: A high intensity gaseous discharge lamp employs a discharge medium which emits radiation at multiple, narrow line wavelengths which combine to produce white light. Coatings are applied to the arc tube to prevent emission of certain ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths, and a cylindrical barrier blocks certain long wavelength infrared radiation from being emitted by the lamp.

Abstract: The pinch seal (12) of an electric lamp (11) is kept during operation at a lower temperature by a metal envelope (10), space between this metal envelope (10) and faces of the pinch seal (12) being filled with a heat-conducting mass comprising metal fibers. A considerable temperature decrease is obtained when the spaces between the oppositely arranged major surfaces (13) of the pinch seal (12) and the metal envelope (10) are filled with metal fibers.

Abstract: A tungsten-halogen lamp has a ruggedized mount structure employing tri-partite lead-in wires sealed in a soft glass stem and a hard glass capsule. Heavier intermediate sections provide support while the proximal and distal portions are different materials selected to form hermetic seals with the hard glass and soft glass.

Abstract: An electric discharge lamp has an arc tube within an outer gas filled glass envelope, and a thermal switching means is located within the outer envelope. The thermal switching means has a bimetal strip and a spring-like member each affixed to at least one of the electrical conductors, and upon application of heat the bimetal strip and spring-like member are flexed to short-circuit the electrical conductors and remove any DC potential between the main electrode and the starting electrode minimizing electrolysis.

Abstract: To insure orientation of internal current leads (9, 10; 23, 24) extending om a press seal (14, 27) at the end of a bulb (3, 28) inwardly thereof, small metal elements (19, 20; 31, 32), preferably of the same material as the inwardly extending current leads, are connected, for example by welding, to the inwardly extending current leads, the small metal elements being oriented to extend transversely to the major direction of the current leads and positioned in a plane determined by the plane of the press seal.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp provided with a cylindrical shield near an end and around and at a certain distance from the discharge envelope. The cylindrical shield is electrically insulated from current-conveying parts, so that migration of filling constituents through the wall of the discharge envelope is counteracted.

Abstract: A double-enveloped electric lamp having a self-mounting frame-assembly for supporting a light-source capsule within the outer envelope, such frame-assembly being mounted by means of elastic and frictional forces other than glass-to-glass or glass-to-metal seals. In one embodiment of the invention, the frame-assembly is mounted on the neck of the outer envelope by means of a clamp on each leg of the frame-assembly; each clamp grasps the brim of the neck within a formed groove. Locking means may be obtained by mounting the lamp base over the grooves; barbed prongs on each clamp bite into the shell of the base and lock together the component parts of the lamp. In a second embodiment, a wire frame-assembly having two preformed legs with barbed prongs is mounted on the neck of the outer envelope by fitting each preformed leg into a matching groove formed in the threaded neck of the outer envelope.

Abstract: In a high-pressure discharge lamp having a straight tubular intermediate part (10) of quartz, glass or another material of poor thermal conduction arranged between the outer bulb (4) and the lamp base (7), the intermediate part is folded into the shape of a bellow. With respect to a cylindrical intermediate part, the length of the lamp is thus decreased.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp comprising a discharge vessel (3) enclosed by an outer envelope (1) provided with a neck (10) which is adjoined by a sleeve (20) of a lamp cap (2). The lamp cap (2) accommodates an electrical circuit provided with a semiconductor switching element (26) which controls the discharge current in the operating condition of the lamp. The semiconductor switching element (26) is provided with a cooling member (24) which is preferably secured to the sleeve (20). This lamp may be used without further expedients in combination with a stabilization ballast not adapted to the lamp.

Abstract: A low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp according to the invention is comprised of a large-stem composed of a flare part and a pinch part to which two pairs of lead wires are pinch-sealed, filament coils mounted between ends of the pairs of lead wires, respectively, two inner tubes each of which is pinch-sealed to the pinch part of the flare-stem with one end opened and the other end enclosing each of the filament coils and is bent in a predetermined shape, and a glass lamp envelope having an end portion sealed to the flare part for forming an air-tight space while enclosing the inner tubes.

Abstract: A low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp comprising a glass tube in which a metal oxide or phosphate layer and then a phosphor layer are formed on its inner surface, in which during operation of the lamp, the lowest temperature of the wall of the glass tube along its discharge path is kept at 80.degree. C. or above.

Abstract: An arrangement including a frequency converter (4) and a discharge lamp (10) connected thereto wherein the frequency converter (4) is of a type whose output frequency is at least 80 kHz, while the lamp is a low-pressure sodium vapor discharge lamp. This lamp supply system provides a high luminous efficacy for the lamp.

Abstract: A metal vapor discharge lamp having an outer tube having an inert gas filling the inner space and an arc tube disposed in the interior of this outer tube and having in a discharge space in the interior a pair of electrodes. The discharge space is filled with at least a rare gas and mercury. A lower light transmissive covering member covering at least the lower end part of the arc tube is positioned in the vicinity of the end part of the light emitting tube which is the lower end during lighting. This reduces the temperature reduction of the lower part of the arc tube due to convection of the gas within the outer tube, increasing the temperature of the coldest part of the arc tube, whereby the vapor pressure in the interior of the arc tube is raised to improve luminous efficiency.

Abstract: A low wattage metal halide discharge lamp includes an evacuated envelope wherein is disposed a heat reducing member having an arc tube therein. The heat reducing member and the arc tube have a metal band and outer strap member adjacent one another and adjacent an electrode with the metal band, strap member and electrode all electrically connected to an electrical lead of one polarity whereby sodium losses from the arc tube are reduced.

Abstract: A double-enveloped tungsten halogen incandescent lamp having a light-source capsule containment device wherein a knitted wire mesh surrounds the light-source capsule and may be anchored to the capsule, stem, or lead-in wires. In the event of a burst of the light-source capsule, the containment mesh substantially restricts shards of the capsule from shattering the outer envelope of the lamp. In some embodiments, a crumpled portion of the containment mesh is positioned above the capsule and provides a collision-absorbing cushion in the event the capsule and mesh are propelled against the outer envelope by the burst of the light-source capsule whereby further protection against the shattering of the outer envelope is provided. Lamps with such containment devices have improved operational safety characteristics.

Abstract: A reflector lamp (FIG. 2) to form a direct replacement for a sealed-beam ss reflector lamp (FIG. 1) uses a halogen incandescent lamp (14) fitted to terminal strips (16) of a ceramic base (12) located in the reflector. The reflector is made of thin-sheet aluminum - for example about 0.8 mm, the lamp being held in position by a weld connection of the lamp leads to contact strips riveted to the base, and retained against twisting by bent-over flanges (18).

Abstract: A discharge lamp comprising an inner arc tube and an outer tube enclosing the inner tube. The outer tube is filled with neon at a pressure of 0.1 atm or more, or a gas mixture of neon in 80 pressure percent or more and breakdown suppressing gas.

Abstract: A low wattage metal halide discharge lamp includes an evacuated envelope wherein is disposed a heat reducing member having an arc tube therein. The heat reducing member and the arc tube have a metal band an outer strap member adjacent one another and adjacent an electrode with the metal band, strap member and electrode all electrically connected to an electrical lead of one polarity whereby sodium losses from the arc tube are reduced. Importantly, the evacuated envelope includes a getter and the heat reducing member is in the form of a domed sleeve having an open end directed away from the getters.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge lamp includes a hermetically sealed outer envelope having an arc tube therein containing a fill gas which includes sodium and having a wall member with a portion of increased thickness wherein the portion of increased thickness of the wall member of the arc tube is positioned adjacent to a metal conductor disposed within the outer envelope whereby loss of sodium from the arc tube is inhibited.

Abstract: A low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp in which a rare gas and mercury are provided in an outer bulb, which in turn contains therein a plurality of bent inner tubes, each having an opening at an end and an electrode at the other end thereof. A starting probe is provided between the openings in the outer bulb. An operating circuit or starter is connected to the electrodes. Further, a starting probe circuit is connected to the starting probe to apply a high voltage to the starting probe at the time of ignition.

Abstract: An improved composite light source utilizing light from an arc discharge in a deuterium gas atmosphere and that from a tungsten lamp. The composite light source comprises a sealed envelope having a light emitting window made of quartz, in which deuterium gas is filled, an electrode structure to cause an arc discharge in the deuterium gas atmosphere to occur, and a tungsten lamp. The light emitting window, an aperture of a focusing plate for forming an arc discharge, an aperture of the anode, and the filament of the tungsten lamp are sequentially arranged in line at their centers. The composite light source has the optical means to focus the light beam emitted from the tungsten lamp onto the aperture of the focusing plate for forming the arc discharge. In the present invention, useless power consumption to elevate the temperature within the tungsten lamp can be reduced. It extends the life of the light source improving the efficiency of light emission.

Abstract: A high density fluorescent lamp having a plurality of U shaped bent tubes secured to a disc shaped spacer. Passages within the spacer connect to the tubes so as to define a common discharge path which includes the passages. The tubes and spacer are enclosed within an outer bulb.

Abstract: This invention relates to electrical engineering.An arc tube support of a gaseous-discharge lamp is made from one piece of bent wire and has a central straight portion (1) placed along the arc tube (4) and loop-like end portions (2) embracing the sealed-in ends (5) of the arc tube (4). The loop-like portions (2) are made as spring grips and embrace the sealed-in ends (5) of the arc tube halfway.The support can be used for manufacturing arc mercury-quartz luminescent high-pressure lamps.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp employs multiple tubes frictionally fitted into apertures in a base plate to form an assembly. The assembly is fitted and positioned within an hermetically sealed envelope by means of snubbers formed on the base plate which cooperate with detent means formed on the inside surface of the envelope.

Abstract: A high pressure sodium vapor lamp having a time fuse device effective for predeterminedly establishing the anticipated life of the high pressure lamp is disclosed. Also disclosed are various embodiments of the time fuse device.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp unit in which a light emitting element of the tungsten-halogen type is placed within an outer, safety protecting transparent envelope. The element, being protected by the outer envelope, is filled with a gas at a high pressure, thereby increasing its efficiency, and the space between the element and the outer envelope is also preferably filled with a gas having good heat conductivity properties. The outer envelope also can have a coating of a material which transmits visible range energy and reflects infrared energy.

Abstract: A low-pressure alkali metal vapor discharge lamp has a getter for bi- and triatomic gases and a getter holder in the arc tube near at least one electrode. The electrodes need be heated less strongly during evacuation of the prior to final dosing, as a result of which no emitter material of the electrodes is lost. The ignition voltage is considerably lower than that of conventional lamps without a getter.

Abstract: A low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp comprising an envelope forming a gas-tight closed space and a pair of inner tubes provided in the closed space and having an end thereof sealed at the first end of the outer envelope, the other end thereof being opened into the closed space, and electrodes provided at the sealed end sides in the inner tubes. The temperature of the coldest spot of the envelope is in a range between 45.degree. C. and 65.degree. C. at an ambient temperature of 25.degree. C.

Abstract: An amalgam is disposed within the arc tube of a high intensity arc discharge lamp so as to stabilize the electrical power being supplied to the lamp against variations in line voltage. The vapor pressure of mercury in the arc tube varies as a function of the lamp temperature which depends in turn on applied lamp voltage. The resulting change in arc voltage due to corresponding changes in mercury pressure operates to restore the power input to its approximate original value.

Abstract: A high pressure sodium lamp operated at increased pressure and having an improved color rendition is disclosed. The improved high pressure sodium lamp has an arc tube which reduces the sodium losses typically experienced by high pressure operation.

Abstract: A high pressure sodium lamp having an inner arc tube operated at an increased wall temperature so as to improve the efficacy of the lamp is disclosed. The improved high pressure sodium lamp has an arc tube which reduces the sodium losses typically experienced by high temperature operation. Also disclosed are desired parameters of the arc tube.

Abstract: Low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp having a curved discharge vessel in which a mercury discharge is maintained between the electrodes and in which furthermore an amlagam is provided to control the mercury vapor pressure, the discharge vessel containing a rare gas mixture which contains at least 50 at.% krypton at a pressure of 130 to 520 Pa.