Abstract: A light source apparatus (8) includes a rear plate (80), a front plate (89) formed with an anode layer (82), and a cathode (81) interposed therebetween. The cathode includes a plurality of electrically conductive carriers (812) and a plurality of field emitters (816) formed thereon. The field emitters are uniformly distributed on anode-facing surfaces of the conductive carriers. The anode layer includes a plurality of curving portions (820) corresponding to the conductive carriers. Preferably, the field emitters extend radially outwardly from the corresponding conductive carriers. The conductive carriers are parallel with each other, and are located substantially on a common plane. Each of the conductive carriers can be connected with a pulling device arranged at least one end thereof, and an example of the pulling device is a spring. The conductive carriers may be cylindrical, prism-shaped or polyhedral.

Abstract: To provide a PDP and an FED with high visibility, having an anti-reflection function capable of reducing reflection of incident light from external. An anti-reflection layer including a plurality of pyramid-shaped projections, apexes of which are provided at equal intervals and in which each side of a base which forms a pyramid shape of one of the plurality of pyramid-shaped projections is in contact with a side of a base which forms a pyramid shape of an adjacent pyramid-shaped projection, is included. In other words, one pyramid-shaped projection is surrounded by other pyramid-shaped projections, and the base of the pyramid-shaped projection shares a side of a base with the base of the adjacent pyramid-shaped projection.

Abstract: A light emission device and a display device using the light emission device as a light source are provided. The light emission device includes first and second substrates facing each other, an electron emission unit located on an inner surface of the first substrate, a phosphor layer located on an inner surface of the second substrate and adapted to be excited by electrons emitted from the electron emission unit, an anode electrode located on the phosphor layer, a heat dissipation plate located at a side of the first substrate, and a thermal diffuser plate located on the second substrate and thermally coupled to the heat dissipation plate. The thermal diffuser plate is configured to transmit light emitted by the phosphor layer.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a substrate; first electrodes on the substrate and spaced apart from each other in a first direction; a second electrode electrically insulated from the first electrodes and extending in a second direction crossing the first direction; and electron emitters located on sides of each of the first electrodes.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a substrate, first electrodes formed on the substrate, electron emission regions electrically connected to the first electrodes, and second electrodes placed over the first electrodes such that the second electrodes are insulated from the first electrodes. The second electrodes have openings to expose the electron emission regions. A third electrode is placed over the second electrodes such that the third electrode is insulated from the second electrodes. The third electrode has openings communicating with the openings of the second electrodes. Each of the electron emission regions and the second electrodes simultaneously satisfy the following conditions: D2/D1?0.579??(1), and D2?1 ???(2) where D1 indicates the width of each of the openings of the second electrode, and D2 indicates the width of each of the electron emission regions.

Abstract: An electron emission device which can uniformly emit electrons and can be simply manufactured at a reduced cost, and a display apparatus having improved uniform brightness of pixels by using the electron emission device. In addition, a simple method of manufacturing the electron emission device. The electron emission device includes: a first substrate; a cathode electrode and an electron emission unit disposed on the first substrate; a gate electrode electrically insulated from the cathode electrode; an insulating layer disposed between the cathode electrode and the gate electrode to insulate the cathode electrode from the gate electrode; and an electron emission source including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that contact the cathode electrode, wherein distances between the gate electrode and the tips of the CNTs are uniform.

Abstract: A cathode substrate (10) and gate substrate (30) are arranged such that at least gate ribs (12) abut against cathode ribs (34) and gate electrodes (35) and, depending on the case, the cathode ribs (34) abut against cathodes (13). The gate ribs (12) and cathode ribs (34) can be formed to heights of about 5 ?m to 300 ?m. The gate ribs (12) can be surface-polished so their heights are uniform. The distance between the cathode electrodes (13) and gate electrodes (35) can accordingly be made uniform and short, so driving at a low voltage and an increase in luminance uniformity can be realized.

Abstract: A light assembly is provided. The light assembly includes at least one ultraviolet (UV) lamp and a wavelength-converting member. The wavelength-converting member encircles the UV lamp and includes a substrate, and a wavelength-converting layer disposed on the substrate and faces the UV lamp. In this way, the wavelength-converting layer is energized by the ultraviolet light emitted from the UV lamp to emit a visible light in turn.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a display panel having an anode and an anode terminal, wherein the anode is disposed at an inside of the display panel, the anode terminal applies a voltage to the anode from an outside of the display panel and includes a portion disposed inside of the display panel and a portion disposed outside of the display panel, and an anode cap attached on an external surface of the display panel for holding an electroconductive wire applying a voltage to the anode terminal. In addition, a fixing member detachably fastens the anode cap, wherein the fixing member has a through hole in which the portion of the anode terminal disposed outside of the display panel is inserted, and the fixing member is fixed to an external surface of the display panel. The anode cap has inside thereof a fastening portion to be detachably fastened by the fixing member.

Abstract: A Field Emission Device (FED) and its method of manufacture includes: forming a substrate; forming a cathode having a cathode aperture on an upper surface of the substrate; forming a material layer having a first through hole with a smaller diameter than that of the cathode aperture on an upper surface of the cathode; forming a first insulator having a first cavity on an upper surface of the material layer; forming a gate electrode having a second through hole on an upper surface of the first insulator; and forming an emitter in a central portion of the cathode aperture.

Abstract: To simultaneously suppress halation and discharging current flowing in the unlikely event of discharge, and easily perform potential regulating for a spacer, an image displaying apparatus comprises: a rear plate having electron-emitting devices arranged in matrix; a face plate having a substrate, light-emitting members arranged in matrix on the substrate, metal backs each covering at least one member and mutually arranged in matrix at gaps, ribs having first striped portions respectively positioned among the members and protruding toward the rear plate, and a resistive wiring including a resistor between the substrate and the ribs and electrically connecting the metal backs, and positioned oppositely to the rear plate; and a spacer positioned between the rear plate and the ribs to mutually support the rear and face plates, wherein the rib has a spacer connection wiring abutting against the spacer, and the spacer connection wiring is electrically connected to the resistive wiring.

Abstract: An electron emission device and a method of manufacturing the same. The electron emission device of the present invention includes at least one anode formed on one side of a substrate, and a light emitter including a plurality of multiple divided phosphor layers formed on the anode at predetermined intervals. At least one of the phosphor layers has at least one partition pattern. The phosphor layer structure of the present invention is capable of maintaining superior color coordinate characteristics and greatly improving luminance characteristics.

Abstract: A flat-panel type display is provided, in which a marginal portion of a cathode panel provided with a plurality of electron emission regions and a marginal portion of an anode panel provided with luminescent layers and an anode are bonded to each other, spacers are disposed between the cathode panel and the anode panel, and a space sandwiched between the cathode panel and the anode panel is maintained under vacuum. The spacer includes a substrate of spacer and an antistatic coating disposed on the side surface of the spacer material, wherein the antistatic coating is formed from germanium nitride containing no transition metal, the thickness of the antistatic coating is within the range of 2 nm to 20 nm, and the volume resistivity of the substrate of spacer is within the range of 5×106 ?·m to 2×108 ?·m.

Abstract: There is provided an electron source including: an insulating substrate; a first wiring that is arranged on the insulating substrate; a second wiring that is arranged on the insulating substrate and intersects with the first wiring; and an electron-emitting device having a cathode electrode provided with an electron-emitting member and a gate electrode arranged above the cathode electrode, which is arranged on the insulating substrate and is separated from an intersecting portion of the first wiring with the second wiring; wherein the first wiring is arranged on the second wiring via an insulating layer; the gate electrode is provided with a plurality of slit-like openings that is arranged in substantially parallel at intervals; and the opening is arranged so that an extended line in a longitudinal direction thereof intersects with the first wiring.

Abstract: To prevent deterioration of an image based on a halation phenomenon due to secondary reflected electrons at the top of a rib member provided between light-emitting members for interrupting reflected electrons, an aperture portion for capturing the secondary reflected electrons is provided at a portion, positioned between the light-emitting members, on the rib member for separating the light-emitting members.

Abstract: Provided is an electron-emitting device which is excellent in electron-emitting efficiency, and may obtain a large electron-emitting amount and stable electron-emitting characteristics. The electron-emitting device includes: a first conductive film and a second conductive film which are provided through a first gap; first carbon films connected to the first conductive film; and second carbon films which are connected to the second conductive film, and are opposed to the first carbon films through second and third gaps. Continuous concave portions are provided in the second and third gaps.

Abstract: A fluorescent substance is provided, with includes a matrix composed of a compound having an AlN polytypoid structure represented by the following general formula (1), and a luminescence center element: (Al,M)a(N,X)b??(1) wherein, M is at least one metal excluding Al, X is at least one non-metal excluding N, and a and b are positive values.

Abstract: A field emission device (10) includes a sealed container (11) with a light-permeable portion (12). A phosphor layer (13) is formed on the light-permeable portion. A light-permeable anode (14) is formed on the light-permeable portion. At least one cathode is positioned opposite to the light-permeable anode. A shielding barrel (16) is electrically connected to the at least one cathode and disposed in the container. The shielding barrel has opposite open ends respectively facing towards the light-permeable anode and the cathode (18, 19). The shielding barrel has an inner surface, and a slurry layer (17) containing conductive nano material is formed on the inner surface of the shielding barrel.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a display including a column spacer for controlling a distance between a switching element substrate and an opposed substrate opposed to the switching element substrate that includes: a bank film formation step for forming a bank film on the switching element substrate; a concave section formation step for selectively etching the bank film to form banks; a spacer formation step for selectively forming the bank film to form the column spacer; and a functional fluid placement step for placing functional fluid in a concave section between the banks.

Abstract: An electron emission device is disclosed. The electron emission device includes a cathode electrode including a main electrode having an opening, ii) a plurality of isolated electrodes on each of which each of plurality of electron emission units is located, and iii) at least one resistance layer electrically connecting the main electrode and the plurality of isolated electrodes. The plurality of isolated electrodes are located within the opening and form gaps with the main electrode. A resistance between the main electrode and one of the plurality of isolated electrodes is different from that between the main electrode and the other isolated electrodes.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for stabilizing a threshold voltage in an active matrix field emission device are disclosed. The method includes formation of radiation-blocking elements between a cathodoluminescent display screen of an FED and semiconductor junctions formed on a baseplate of the FED.

Abstract: A planar field emission illumination module includes a top substrate, a bottom substrate, and a plurality of electron-amplification sets located between the top substrate and the bottom substrate. Each electron-amplification set has multiple electron-amplification plates spaced at gaps, which are formed of a metal and coated with an electron-amplification material on the surfaces. The cross section of each electron amplification plate can be V-shaped, U-shaped, semi-circular, arc-shaped, trapezoid, irregular, and the combination thereof. The planar field emission illumination module can focus the electrons and regulate the distribution of the electrons effectively. Hence, the planar field emission illumination module can provide a flat light source with illumination uniformity and high brightness.

Abstract: A light emission device and a display device having the light emission device are provided. The light emission device includes a vacuum vessel having first and second substrates and a sealing member, electron emission regions and a light emission unit. The first and second electrodes are located on an inner surface of the first substrate and cross each other. The electron emission regions are electrically connected to the first electrodes or the second electrodes. The light emission unit is located on the second substrate. The first substrate has a lateral surface connected to the inner surface via an inclined surface. At least one of the first electrodes or the second electrodes extend from the inner surface of the first substrate to the lateral surface of the first substrate via the inclined surface to form electrode pads on the lateral surface of the first substrate.

Abstract: An electron emission element is provided with at least one electrode, an electron emission region, and a resistance layer for electrically connecting the electrode to the electron emission region. The resistance layer is formed of one of a metal oxide material and a metal nitride material.

Abstract: An electron emission display includes an electron emission unit on a first substrate adapted to emit electron beams, a light emission unit on a second substrate, the light emission unit including a plurality of photoluminescent layers facing the electron and emission unit, a plurality of spacers between the first and second substrates along a first direction, wherein each photoluminescent layer of the plurality of photoluminescent layers satisfies a proviso that (a?b)/2>c, where “a” is a length of the photoluminescent layer in a second direction, “b” is a magnitude of an electron beam spot on the photoluminescent layer in the second direction, and “c” is a shifting distance of the electron beam spot in the second direction.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a front substrate, and a rear substrate opposed to the front substrate. The front substrate has phosphor layers, resistor layers provided between the phosphor layers, a metal-back layer divided into metal-back segments covering the phosphor layers and resistor layers at least in part, and spaced apart by gaps Gx in a first direction intersecting at right angles with a scanning direction and by gaps Gy in a second direction identical to the scanning direction, and a voltage-applying portion which applies a voltage on the metal-back segments. Rx(100)/Rx(1)<Ry(100)/Ry(1) is satisfied, where Rx(V) is a resistance between any two metal-back segments on the sides of a gap Gx, respectively, which is the function of voltage V [V], and Rx(V) is a resistance between any two metal-back segments on the sides of a gap Gy, respectively, which is the function of the voltage V [V].

Abstract: An image display apparatus of smaller beam deviation is provided by making smaller the absolute value of an angle formed by an initial velocity vector of an electron emitted from the first electron-emitting devices closest to a spacer 100 and a line parallel to the longitudinal direction of a spacer 100, rather than the absolute value of an angle formed by an initial velocity vector of an electron emitted from the second electron-emitting devices secondary closer to the spacer 100 and the line parallel to the longitudinal direction of the spacer 100.

Abstract: An electron emission display including a first substrate having at least one electron emission device and a second substrate opposite the first substrate. The second substrate is formed with an effective region and a non-effective region. The effective region includes a fluorescent layer for emitting light by collision with electrons emitted from the electron emission device. The non-effective region includes a region in which a light-shielding layer has a transparent conductive layer and a metal layer. The transparent conductive layer is formed in the effective region where the fluorescent layer is absent. The second substrate improves the brightness of light emitted from the fluorescent layer and prevents a power supply layer, to which a high voltage is applied, from being damaged, because the transparent conductive layer is not formed under the effective region.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a planar light source and method for driving the same is provided. The apparatus for generating a planar light source comprises an emitting layer disposed not only on a cathode electrode, but also on a gate electrode as well. Accordingly, by applying an AC voltage to the apparatus, a duty cycle of the AC voltage can reach 100% so as to enhance the brightness to the extent that the apparatus is applied a DC voltage.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device has a pair of device electrodes formed on a substrate and an electroconductive film connected to the device electrodes. The electroconductive film has a first gap between the device electrodes and has a carbon film having a second gap at least in the first gap. The substrate is formed by stacking a nitrogen-contained activation suppressing layer and an activation accelerating layer having a nitrogen containing ratio smaller than that of the activation suppressing layer onto a base and has nitrogen containing ratio distribution in the activation suppressing layer in a film thickness direction. The nitrogen containing ratio of the activation suppressing layer at the activation accelerating layer side is smaller than that at the base side.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the formation of a vacuum electronics circuit by the fusion bonding of multiple substrate wafers, e.g., silicon, copper, or other suitable conductive material, each etched using DRIE, cut using EDM, or machined by other suitable means. Other aspects of the invention relate to the alignment of a cathode with tube by fusion bonding the cathode wafer to a tube built using the fabrication methods described herein. Yet other aspects involve the alignment of dies or wafers during the fabrication of a vacuum electronics device using the “lego” technique outlined herein. In yet other aspects, fabrication methods are described.

Abstract: To provide an electron source including: a wiring board having: a substrate having a groove on its surface; a conductive wire containing a metal which is arranged along the groove in the groove; and a wiring which is arranged above the wire crossing the wire; and an electron-emitting device which is arranged on the wiring board and is electrically connected to the conductive wire and the wiring; wherein the wire has an oxide layer of the metal contained in the wire on its surface.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a display panel with an aperture, an anode terminal for applying a voltage to the display panel through the aperture, and an anode cap, attached on an external surface of the display panel, for holding an electroconductive wire applying a voltage to the anode terminal. In addition, a fixing member has a through hole in which the anode terminal is inserted for fixing the anode cap at an inside portion of the anode cap. The anode cap includes a fastening portion detachably fastened to the fixing member within the anode cap.

Abstract: Carbon nanotube material having an outer diameter less than 10 nm and a number of walls less than ten are disclosed. Also disclosed are an electron field emission device including a substrate, an optionally layer of adhesion-promoting layer, and a layer of electron field emission material. The electron field emission material includes a carbon nanotube having a number of concentric graphene shells per tube of from two to ten, an outer diameter from 2 to 8 nm, and a nanotube length greater than 0.1 microns. One method to fabricate carbon nanotubes includes the steps of (a) producing a catalyst containing Fe and Mo supported on MgO powder, (b) using a mixture of hydrogen and carbon containing gas as precursors, and (c) heating the catalyst to a temperature above 950° C. to produce a carbon nanotube.

Abstract: An electron emission device adapted to enhanced electron beam focusing and its method of fabrication are shown. The device includes driving electrodes for controlling the emission of electrons from electron emission regions formed on a substrate; two or more tiers of insulating layers formed on the driving electrodes; and a focusing electrode formed over the tiers. A multi-tiered insulating layer allows a thick tier to hold the focusing electrodes away from the emission regions, thus enhancing their focusing impact, while a thin tier under the focusing electrodes remains amenable to intricate patterning. Fabrication of the tiers from material with different etching rates allows thicker lower support tiers to be etched during the same period and in the same step that a thinner upper tier is etched, also allowing openings in a lower tier to widen while openings in the upper tier stay small.

Abstract: A light emission device includes: first and second substrates facing each other and spaced apart from each other; an electron emission region on an inner surface of the first substrate; a driving electrode on the inner surface of the first substrate to control an electron emission of the electron emission region; a phosphor layer on an inner surface of the second substrate; and a heat generation member on the inner surface of the second substrate or an outer surface of the second substrate to increase a temperature of the second substrate.

Abstract: An electron emission source including a carbon-based material coated with metal carbide in the surface coating layer, of which the metal has a negative Gibbs free energy when forming the metal carbide at 1,500 K or lower, a method of preparing electron emission sources, and an electron emission device including the electron emission source. The electron emission source includes a carbon nanotube coated with metal carbide or a carbon nanotube having a metal carbide layer and a metal coating layer, which are sequentially formed thereon. Thus, the electron emission source has long lifespan without deterioration of electron emitting characteristics. The electron emission source can be used to manufacture electron emission devices with improved reliability.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a face plate having a phosphor and an accelerating electrode laminated on the phosphor, and a rear plate having an electron-emitting device emitting an electron to a partial region of the phosphor. An average thickness of the accelerating electrode laminated on the phosphor of a non-irradiation region not to be subjected to an irradiation with the electron emitted from the electron-emitting device, is larger than an average thickness of the accelerating electrode laminated on the phosphor of an irradiation region to be subjected to the irradiation with the electron emitted from the electron-emitting device.

Abstract: An electron emission device for focusing the electrons emitted from electron emission regions and uniformly controlling the pixel emission characteristic. The electron emission device includes first and second substrates facing each other, and cathode electrodes having first electrode portions formed on the first substrate along one side thereof, and second electrode portions spaced apart from the first electrode portions at a predetermined distance. Electron emission regions are formed on the second electrode portions. Focusing electrodes fill the gap between the first and the second electrode portions while being extended toward the second substrate with a thickness greater than the thickness of the electron emission regions. Gate electrodes are formed on the cathode electrodes by interposing an insulating layer with openings exposing the electron emission regions.

Abstract: A field emission device includes a transparent anode substrate, an anode, a cathode substrate, a cathode, and a fluorescent layer. The anode is formed on the anode substrate. The cathode is formed on the cathode substrate. The cathode faces toward the anode and is spaced therefrom at a predetermined distance. The fluorescent layer is formed on the cathode and faces toward the anode. A method for manufacturing the field emission device is also disclosed.

Abstract: An image-forming device includes, in an envelope, an electron-emitting element for emitting an electron by applying a voltage between electrodes, an image-forming member for forming an image by irradiation with an electron beam emitted from the electron-emitting element, and a supporting member for supporting the envelope. The supporting member has an electroconductive film at an end portion and a side portion thereof, and is electrically connected through the electroconductive film to the electrode.

Abstract: There is provided a new electron beam apparatus which improves the instability of an electron emission characteristic and provides a high efficient electron emission characteristic. The electron beam apparatus includes: an insulating member having a recess on its surface; a cathode having a protruding portion extending over the outer surface of the insulating member and the inner surface of the recess; a gate positioned at the outer surface of the insulating member in opposition to the protruding portion; and an anode positioned in opposition to the protruding portion through the gate.

Abstract: A cathode plate including a substrate, a cathode structure, a gate structure and emission sources is provided. The cathode structure and the gate structure are disposed on the substrate. The emission sources are arranged regularly on the cathode structure. A field emission flat lamp including said cathode plate, an anode plate and a sealant is provided. The sealant is disposed between and seals the cathode plate and the anode plate. Since the volume of each emission source is small, the bubbles resided inside the emission sources can be reduced, such that the qualities of the field emission flat lamp and the cathode plate thereof can be improved.

Abstract: A resistive spacer coating for a carbon nanotube (CNT)/field emission device (FED) display is described. The resistive spacer coating reduces electrostatic charging of the spacer during operation of the display while maintaining the field potential between the cathode and the phosphor screen. The resistive coating includes one or more resistive materials which are combined with binders that are then applied to the spacer.

Abstract: A method of forming a metal contact and passivation of a semiconductor feature, and devices made using the method. The method comprises the steps of forming a dielectric mask on a semiconductor substrate utilising photolithography processes; etching the semiconductor substrate such that one or more features are formed underneath respective portions of the dielectric mask; depositing a passivation layer on the substrate with the dielectric mask in place above the features; subjecting the substrate to an etchant such that the dielectric mask is etched at a higher rate than the passivation layer, whereby portions of the passivation layer deposited on the dielectric mask are lifted off from the substrate; and depositing a metal layer on the substrate including over the remaining passivation layer and exposed portions of the features.

Abstract: A field emission device includes a substrate, a first conductive layer formed over the substrate biased at a first voltage level, a second conductive layer formed over the substrate biased at a second voltage level different from the first voltage level, emitters formed on the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer for transmitting electrons, and a phosphor layer formed over the substrate and being disposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, wherein the electrons are transmitted from one of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer through the phosphor layer to the other of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer in a direction substantially orthogonal to the normal direction of the substrate.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a carbon nanotube field emitter array is disclosed, which has the steps of (a) providing a substrate; (b) forming a cathode layer having a first pattern on the substrate; (c) forming an opaque insulating layer having a second pattern on the substrate, wherein a predetermined part of the cathode layer is exposed; (d) forming a gate layer having the second pattern on the opaque insulating layer; (e) forming a carbon nanotube layer on the entire top surface of the substrate; and (f) exposing the carbon nanotube layer to a light beam coming from the backside of the substrate.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a substrate; cathode electrodes formed on the substrate; electron emission regions electrically connected to the cathode electrodes; and gate electrodes positioned with the cathode electrodes with an insulating layer interposed between the cathode electrodes and the gate electrodes, the gate electrodes crossing the first electrodes to form a plurality of crossed regions. Here, at least two rows of the electron emission regions are placed at respective crossed regions along a longitudinal direction of the cathode electrodes, and the electron emission regions at the respective rows are deviated from each other in a longitudinal direction of the gate electrodes. In addition, the insulating layer and the gate electrodes have opening portions corresponding to the respective electron emission regions to expose the electron emission regions.

Abstract: A field emission device includes a transparent plate, an insulating substrate, one or more grids located on the insulating substrate. Each grid includes a first, second, third and fourth electrode down-leads and a pixel unit. The first, second, third and fourth electrode down-leads are located on the periphery of the grid. The first and the second electrode down-leads are parallel to each other. The third and the fourth electrode down-leads are parallel to each other. The pixel unit includes a phosphor layer, a first electrode, a second electrode and at least one electron emitter. The first electrode and the second electrode are separately located. The first electrode is electrically connected to the first electrode down-lead, and the second electrode is electrically connected to the third electrode down-lead. The phosphor layer is located on the corresponding first electrode.

Abstract: An electron source substrate has an electron-emitting device consisting of a pair of device electrodes and an electroconductive thin film having an electron-emitting region; and metal wiring coupled to the device electrodes and made in a composition different from that of the device electrodes, on a substrate. A shortest distance between the conductive thin film and the metal wiring along an interface between the device electrodes and the substrate is not less than 50 ?m. This configuration is able to effectively prevent diffusion of the wiring metal to the conductive thin film and to the electron-emitting region which can cause degradation of electron emission characteristics.