Abstract: A display panel and manufacturing method thereof and a display device are provided. The display panel includes: a base substrate, a light-emitting layer located on the base substrate, and a beam diffusion layer located on the side of a light-emergent surface of the light-emitting layer. The light-emitting layer includes a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array; and the beam diffusion layer includes a beam diffusion element corresponding to at least one of the pixel units, which is used to expand a light-emergent beam of the corresponding pixel unit. The beam diffusion element may expand the light-emergent beam of the corresponding pixel unit, which increases the area of the light-emergent surface of the pixel unit. Thus, the number of pixel units provided in a large-sized display panel may be reduced, the power consumption thereof may be decreased, and the occurrence of burn-in inside the display panel may be avoided.

Abstract: A display device of the disclosure includes a first substrate that includes light emitting elements and color elements for respective pixels, in which the color elements are provided over the light emitting elements. The color elements include: a color element of one color including a first edge face; a color element of another color including a second edge face, in which the second edge face is adjacent to the first edge face, and at least the first edge face and the second edge face each have inclination; and a reflector structure provided in a gap formed by the inclination.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate, a plurality of pixel electrode over the substrate, a bank covering an end portion of the pixel electrode and exposing a part of the pixel electrode, an organic layer over the pixel electrode and the bank, and a common electrode over the organic layer. The bank includes an inclined surface in a portion covering the end portion of the pixel electrode. An angle between the inclined surface of the bank and an upper surface of the pixel electrode is equal to or larger than 85 degrees. A thickness of the organic layer disposed on the inclined surface of the bank in a direction perpendicular to the inclined surface of the bank is equal to or smaller than 1/10 of a thickness of the organic layer disposed on the pixel electrode in a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the pixel electrode.

Abstract: There is provided a display device and an electronic apparatus that suppress leakage of a drive current between adjacent light emitting elements. A display device includes a plurality of light emitting elements having an organic light emitting layer sandwiched between a first electrode disposed for each of the light emitting elements and a second electrode in a lamination direction and arrayed on a plane, and an insulating layer disposed between the first electrodes. At least a part of a film thickness region in the insulating layer contains a positively charged inorganic nitride.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion module, a method for forming a wavelength conversion module, and a projection device are provided. The wavelength conversion module includes a substrate and a wavelength conversion layer. The wavelength conversion layer is located on the substrate and has a plurality of first holes. The wavelength conversion layer includes a wavelength conversion material, a first bonding material, and a first filling adhesive material. The wavelength conversion material is dispersed in the first bonding material. The first filling adhesive material is configured to fill at least a portion of the first holes. The projection device includes the wavelength conversion module, an excitation light source, a light valve, and a projection lens. The wavelength conversion module provided herein has good conversion efficiency and reliability.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes: a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other, an emissive layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a quantum dot, an electron auxiliary layer disposed between the emissive layer and the second electrode and including a plurality of nanoparticles, and a polymer layer between a portion of the second electrode and the electron auxiliary layer, wherein the nanoparticles include a metal oxide including zinc, wherein the second electrode has a first surface facing a surface of the electron auxiliary layer and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and the polymer layer is disposed on a portion of the second surface and a portion of the surface of the electron auxiliary layer, and wherein the polymer layer includes a polymerization product of a thiol compound and an unsaturated compound having at least two carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a wavelength conversion member including, in a dispersed manner, a first phosphor, a second phosphor, a third phosphor, a fourth phosphor, and a fifth phosphor, and a light emitter. The first phosphor has a peak in a wavelength region of 400 to 500 nm, the second phosphor in 450 to 550 nm, the third phosphor in 500 to 600 nm, the fourth phosphor in 600 to 700 nm, and a fifth phosphor in 680 to 800 nm. The light emitter emits light in an ultraviolet region of 380 to 430 nm. The light-emitting device has an emission spectrum in a region of 380 to 950 nm including peaks in regions of 380 to 430 nm, 430 to 480 nm, 480 to 550 nm, 550 to 650 nm, and 650 to 750 nm, and differences between relative light intensities at the peaks are less than 20%.

Abstract: A display device may include a substrate having a first pixel area, a first electrode on the substrate; a passivation layer between the substrate and the first electrode, a second electrode on the first electrode, and an organic emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first pixel area may include an emission area and a non-emission area surrounded by the emission area.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display device can include a substrate; a first electrode and an auxiliary electrode disposed on the substrate; a bank pattern disposed on a part of an upper surface of the first electrode and the auxiliary electrode, in which the bank pattern is divided into a first area and a second area disposed under the first area; a barrier rib disposed on a part of the upper surface of the auxiliary electrode, in which the barrier rib is divided into a third area having a reverse-tapered shape and a fourth area disposed under the third area and having a tapered shape; an organic emission layer disposed on the substrate; and a second electrode disposed on the organic emission layer.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes: a light-emitting element; a first light-transmissive member located on an upper surface of the light-emitting element and containing substantially no phosphor; a second light-transmissive member located on an upper surface of the first light-transmissive member and containing a first phosphor; and a third light-transmissive member covering an upper surface of the second light-transmissive member and a lateral surface of the light-emitting element and containing a second phosphor. A refractive index of a resin material serving as a base material of the second light-transmissive member is higher than a refractive index of a resin material serving as a base material of the first light-transmissive member. A refractive index of a resin material serving as a base material of the third light-transmissive member is equal to or higher than the refractive index of the resin material serving as the base material of the second light-transmissive member.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first display apparatus and a second display apparatus that are stacked. A display image quality of the first display apparatus in a display state is higher than a display image quality of the second display apparatus in a display state, and a power consumption of the second display apparatus in the display state is lower than a power consumption of the first display apparatus in the display state.

Abstract: Novel spirobifluorene compounds for light emitting devices where the spirobifluorene ring system comprises at least one acridine-type substituent.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a light-emitting device includes applying a light-guiding member to a light-emitting element. A light-transmissive member is mounted on the light-guiding member, and the light-guiding member is cured. A width of the light-transmissive member is narrowed. Lateral surfaces of the light-transmissive member and lateral surfaces of the light-guiding member are covered.

Abstract: A flexible AMOLED display is disclosed including an OLED stack having an anode layer, a cathode layer and an organic light emitting layer between the anode layer and the cathode layer. A backplane includes a substrate, a plurality of bus lines, and a thin film transistor array. A permeation barrier layer is positioned between the OLED stack and the backplane, and a plurality of vias connect the OLED anode layer to the backplane thin film transistor array. In one embodiment, a neutral plane of the AMOLED display crosses the permeation barrier. In one embodiment, the thickness of at least a portion of the bus lines is greater than the thickness of the cathode layer. A method of increasing the flexibility of an AMOLED display is disclosed. A method of assembling a flexible AMOLED display under a processing temperature of less than 200 degrees Celsius is also disclosed.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion member of the present disclosure includes a first matrix, phosphor particles embedded in the first matrix, and at least one selected from the group consisting of first filler particles embedded in the first matrix and surface coating layers respectively covering surfaces of the phosphor particles. The wavelength conversion member satisfies at least one relationship selected from the group consisting of |n3?n1|>|n1?n2| and |n4?n1|>|n1?n2| wherein n1 is a refractive index of the first matrix, n2 is a refractive index of the phosphor particles, n3 is a refractive index of the first filler particles, and n4 is a refractive index of the surface coating layers.

Abstract: The invention provides an aluminum capacitor positive electrode foil product having high voltage resistance and a manufacturing method thereof. the manufacturing method mainly processes an aluminum foil substrate in a vacuum environment and comprises the steps of: heating the aluminum foil substrate; ion bombarding a surface of the aluminum foil substrate to form a pyramid surface layer; reverse sputtering the aluminum foil substrate for surface cleaning, decontamination and degreasing; depositing the aluminum foil substrate by an aluminum target material to form a deposition layer; oxidizing an outer surface of the deposition layer and spraying mixed gases on the outer surface of the deposition layer of the aluminum foil substrate to form an oxidized crystallizing layer; cooling the aluminum foil substrate; and rolling the aluminum foil substrate into a finished product.

Abstract: The invention provides a sensor capable of detecting deformation. The deformation sensor has a structure in which an ion-conductive polymer layer is sandwiched between soft electrodes, wherein non-uniform ion distribution is generated in the ion-conductive polymer layer by deformation, thereby generating a potential difference between the electrodes.

Abstract: Provided is a production method of a nitride fluorescent material capable of producing a nitride fluorescent material having a higher emission intensity. The production method is for producing a nitride fluorescent material having a composition containing at least one element Ma selected from the group consisting of Sr, Ca, Ba and Mg, at least one element Mb selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K, at least one element Mc selected from the group consisting of Eu, Ce, Tb and Mn, and Al and N, which includes subjecting a raw material mixture containing elements constituting the composition of the nitride fluorescent material, along with SrF2 and/or LiF added thereto as a flux, to a heat treatment, wherein the amount of the flux is in a range of 5.0% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less relative to the total amount, 100% by mass of the raw material mixture and the flux.

Abstract: An OLED display device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The manufacturing method of the OLED display device realizes the effect of a plurality of non-connected OLED light emitting layers by providing an inverse trapezoidal photoresist in an interval region of a plurality sub-pixels. The produced OLED display device does not have lateral current forming an entire surface distributed cathode over the plurality of OLED light emitting layers of the common layer, that avoiding cross color phenomenon caused by carrier migration between adjacent sub-pixels and ensuring better display effect of the OLED display. Also, by fabricating an auxiliary cathode above or below the cathode and connected thereto, the sheet resistance of the cathode and the uneven brightness caused by voltage drop can both be reduced.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel, a lighting device, at least one light source, a lighting controller, a complex fluoride red phosphor, and a nitride red phosphor. The one light source includes a blue light emitting element and a red phosphor configured to emit red light when excited by the blue light from the blue light emitting element. The lighting controller is configured to control driving of the light source in synchronization with the image display by the display panel so that a one-frame display period in the display panel includes a turn-on period and a turn-off period. The complex fluoride red phosphor constitutes the red phosphor and has a content ratio in a range from 50% to 85% inclusive. The nitride red phosphor constitutes the red phosphor and has a content ratio in a range from 15% to 50% inclusive.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for forming a uniform, large scale nanoparticle coating on a substrate. The apparatus comprises a source of vaporised metal nanoparticles. The apparatus further comprises a first plate (20) providing an array of spaced apart first apertures (22). The apparatus further comprises a second plate (24) aligned with and spaced apart from the first plate (20). The second plate (24) provides an array of spaced apart second apertures 26. Each second aperture (26) of the second plate (24) is aligned with a first aperture (22) of the first plate (20).

Abstract: The present invention relates to alkaline earth aluminate phosphors, to a process for the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as conversion phosphors. The present invention also relates to an emission-converting material comprising at least the conversion phosphor according to the invention, and to the use thereof in light sources, in particular pc-LEDs (phosphor converted light emitting devices). The present invention furthermore relates to light sources, in particular pc-LEDs, and to lighting units which comprise a primary light source and the emission-converting material according to the invention.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a touch panel having a sensing area that includes a conductive part made up of thin-line mesh includes a step of designing the thin-line mesh, the thin-line mesh including a plurality of intersections, wherein the intersection forms therearound an acute angular area and an obtuse angular area, the acute angular area being defined between a pair of adjacently converging thin lines that forms an acute angle therebetween, the obtuse angular area being defined between a pair of adjacently converging thin lines that forms an obtuse angle therebetween, a step of filling electrically conductive ink into a printing plate by a squeezing process using a doctor blade, the printing plate having a groove pattern that conforms with the thin-line mesh, and a step of forming the conductive part by printing, in which the electrically conductive ink is transferred to a surface of a base member.

Abstract: A light emitting element 10 includes a base body 26, a first electrode 31 formed on the base body 26, an organic layer 33 formed on the first electrode 31 and having at least a light emitting layer, and a second electrode 32 formed on the organic layer 33. The second electrode 32 has at least two edge portions 32A and 32B opposed to each other, and each of the edge portions 32A and 32B of the second electrode 32 protrudes from an end face 33? of the organic layer 33.

Abstract: An organic EL display panel having a light emitting layer or a functional layer formed by an application method and having a beneficial film thickness control, and a manufacturing method thereof. The organic EL display panel includes a substrate, pixel electrodes above the substrate, banks in gaps between the pixel electrodes, and a first and a second light emitting layer. A film thickness of the first light emitting layer is thicker than that of the second light emitting layer. The bank is provided with a first and a second bank portion, a height of the first bank portion being higher than a height of the second bank portion. A first pinning position where a sidewall of the first bank portion contacts with the first light emitting layer is higher than a second pinning position where the sidewall of the second bank portion contacts with the second light emitting layer.

Abstract: A display device serving as a mirror in a non-display state is provided. The display device may include a reflective pattern and a half-mirror layer which are disposed on an upper substrate opposite to a lower substrate. The half-mirror layer may be disposed side by side with the reflective pattern. Thereby, a discontinuous appearance of the reflective image may be reduced, and the degradation of the reflective image due to the diffraction of the light may be prevented or reduced.

Abstract: An indium-containing quantum dot including a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1: In1-xMxA ??Chemical Formula 1 wherein, in Chemical Formula 1, M is aluminum, gallium, yttrium, or scandium, A is nitrogen, phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, or a combination thereof, and X is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1, wherein the indium-containing quantum dot includes fluorine and oxygen to bonded to a surface of the indium-containing quantum dot, wherein an amount of the fluorine is greater than or equal to about 10 atomic percent based on a total number of indium atoms in the indium-containing quantum dot as determined by Rutherford backscattering analysis, and wherein an amount of the oxygen is about 5 atomic percent to about 50 atomic percent based on the total number of indium atoms included in the quantum dot as determined by Rutherford backscattering analysis.

Abstract: A micro LED display panel according to the present disclosure includes a substrate including a light emitting region and a driving region; a micro LED arranged in the light emitting region on the substrate, a transistor element arranged in the driving region on the substrate and driving the micro LED, a first connection wiring electrically connecting the micro LED and the transistor, and a color adjustment layer arranged in the light emitting region under the substrate. The micro LED display panel according to the present invention can form the micro LED and the transistor element for driving the micro LED on a growth substrate such as a sapphire substrate together on the same plane so that the micro LED does not require a transfer process, and it is possible to manufacture polysilicon when manufacturing the micro LED, and can simplify the process.

Abstract: A display unit includes: a light-emitting section including a light-emitting element that has a first electrode, an organic layer including a light-emitting layer, and a second electrode in this order; and a reflector that is provided at a periphery of the light-emitting section to reflect light from the light-emitting section, and has a conductive layer, the conductive layer being electrically coupled to the second electrode of the light-emitting element.

Abstract: A display device includes: a display panel; and a color conversion panel overlapping the display panel, wherein the color conversion panel includes a red color conversion layer and a green color conversion layer including a semiconductor nanocrystal, and a transmissive layer; a red color filter overlapping the red color conversion layer; a green color filter overlapping the green color conversion layer; and a blue color filter overlapping the transmissive layer and a light blocking member, and the light blocking member includes at least one of a blue dye and a blue pigment.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an anti-reflection polarizing film and a display device having the same. The anti-reflection polarizing film includes: a polarization layer configured to linearly polarize external light; a phase-difference layer configured to circularly polarize the light transmitted through the polarization layer; a first support layer between the polarization layer and the phase-difference layer, configured to protect the polarization layer; and a second support layer facing the first support layer with the polarization layer therebetween, configured to protect the polarization layer, wherein a part of a particular layer among the layers facing the second support layer is extended towards an edge.

Abstract: A light extraction pattern is disposed in each hole of a first electrode, or a first electrode including round portions and pattern portions is disposed so that light trapped in an emission layer can be output uniformly. In this way, the light extraction efficiency can be effectively improved, and occurrence of a black area can be prevented.

Abstract: Indolocarbazole materials with substitution attached at specific positions and methods to synthesize the same are disclosed. The materials are used as hosts for improving performance of organic electroluminescence devices.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display panel and apparatus, and a manufacturing method therefor are provided. The organic light emitting display panel includes a plurality of light emitting units, the light emitting unit includes an anode, a first auxiliary functional structure, a light emitting structure and a cathode, the anode, the first auxiliary functional structure, the light emitting structure and the cathode are successively laminated, and the first auxiliary functional structures of different light emitting units are arranged separate from one another, the anodes of different light emitting units are arranged separate from one another, and the light emitting structures of different light emitting units are arranged separate from one another.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) display apparatus includes first to third data lines, gate lines, a first color sub-pixel unit and second color sub-pixel units. The gate lines include (N?1)th, Nth and (N+1)th gate lines. The first color sub-pixel unit includes a first color LED electrically coupled to the first data line and the (N?1)th and Nth gate lines. When the (N?1)th or Nth gate line is enabled, the first color LED is turned on. The second color sub-pixel unit is electrically connected to the second data line, and includes a second color LED. The second color sub-pixel units are electrically coupled to the gate lines, respectively. When each gate line is enabled, the corresponding second color LED is turned on. A light emitting area of the first color sub-pixel unit is greater than a light emitting area of each second color sub-pixel unit.

Abstract: A display device includes, on a substrate, light emitting elements each formed by sequentially stacking a first electrode layer, an organic layer including a light emission layer, and a second electrode layer and arranged in first and second directions which cross each other, a drive circuit including drive elements that drive light emitting elements, and a wiring extending in the first direction, and an insulating layer disposed in a gap region sandwiched by the light emitting elements neighboring in the second direction and having a recess or a projection. The wiring is disposed in an overlap region overlapping with the recess or the projection in the insulating layer in a thickness direction, in the gap region, and the second electrode layers in the light emitting elements neighboring in the second direction are separated from each other by the recess or the projection in the insulating layer.

Abstract: A display device is provided. The display device includes a plurality of pixels. At least one of the pixels includes a semiconductor device having a light-emitting area, a first light conversion layer disposed on the semiconductor device and a first scattering layer disposed on the semiconductor device. The first scattering layer is disposed on the first light conversion layer.

Abstract: A display substrate including a base substrate including a plurality of pixel areas, each of the plurality of pixel areas including an emission area and a transmission area, a pixel circuit layer disposed in the emission area and including at least one transistor, a pixel electrode disposed on the pixel circuit layer and connected to the pixel circuit layer, a hole injection layer selectively disposed on the pixel electrode in the emission area, an emission layer disposed on the hole injection layer of the emission area, an electron injection layer disposed on the base substrate on which the emission layer is disposed; and a common electrode disposed on the base substrate on which the electron injection layer is disposed.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display device has an optical multilayer film on an organic light emitting diode. The organic light emitting display device includes an organic light emitting element with a cathode, an anode, and an organic light emitting layer, and an optical multilayer film on the organic light emitting element. The optical multilayer film is constructed such that a full width at half maximum of light emitted from the organic light emitting element is larger than a full width at half maximum of light emitted from a structure in which the optical multilayer film is not used. The color shift depending on a viewing angle of the organic light emitting display device may be reduced to improve efficiency of the organic light emitting element.

Abstract: Improved deposition of optoelectronically active perovskite materials is provided with a two step process. In the first step, precursors are deposited on a substrate. In the second step, the deposited precursors are exposed to an atmospheric pressure plasma which efficiently cures the precursors to provide the desired perovskite thin film. The resulting films can have excellent optical properties combined with superior mechanical properties.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus of the present disclosure divides a plurality of pixels and configures an auxiliary electrode which transmits a signal to the first substrate with a metal nano ink so that the light which is reflected from the interface between the first substrate and an external air layer to be incident is reflected and scattered again to improve the luminous efficiency of the lighting apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed are an aluminate fluorescent material having a high light emission intensity, and a light emitting device using the same. The aluminate fluorescent material includes a composition represented by the following formula (I): X1pEutMgqMnrAlsOp+t+q+r+1.5s??(I) wherein X1 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, and Ca; and p, q, r, s, and t each satisfy 0.5?p?1.0, 0?q<0.6, 0.4<r?0.7, 8.5?s?13.0, 0<t<0.3, 0.5<p+t?1.2, and 0.4<q+r?1.1.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes: a display panel; a back frame including a flat portion having a substantially flat surface; light sources spaced substantially evenly apart in the flat portion; and a luminance-equalizing sheet supported at a distance from the light sources by support pins. The luminance-equalizing sheet includes through holes that transmit light from the light sources toward the display panel. The through holes are arranged in a predetermined pattern applied to blocks that are arranged in an array in the luminance-equalizing sheet and each of which faces a different one of the light sources. The predetermined pattern includes a first pattern and a second pattern. The first pattern is applied to at least some of outer blocks in contact with a periphery of the array, and the second pattern is applied to at least some of the blocks to which the first pattern is not applied.

Abstract: The present application provides a substrate, an organic electronic device and a use thereof. The substrate of the present application has a structure comprising an electrode layer directly formed on the corrugated surface of the optical functional layer, and upon having formed an organic electronic device, can secure excellent functionality, for example, light extraction efficiency, and the like, together with stable drive of the element for a long time.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for making a carbon nanotube structure, comprising the following steps of: providing a carbon nanotube array formed on a surface of a substrate; drawing a first carbon nanotube film from the carbon nanotube array, wherein the first carbon nanotube film comprises a first end connected to the carbon nanotube array and a second end opposite to the first end; providing an elastic rod and fixing the second end of the first carbon nanotube film to a first portion of the elastic rod, wherein the elastic rod is curved away from the carbon nanotube array; and rotating the elastic rod around a rotational axis which coincides with a center axis of the elastic rod, wherein the elastic rod is curved away from the carbon nanotube array during rotation the elastic rod.

Abstract: A method of analyzing film on a substrate may comprise receiving three-dimensional data obtained from measurements of a plurality of pixels on a substrate, the plurality of pixels comprising one or more film layers; extracting a plurality of parameters based on the received three-dimensional data, the plurality of parameters comprising at least an average thickness for the film layers of the pixels, one or more area aperture ratios for the film layers of the pixels, and a pitch between pixels, wherein the extraction is based on a predetermined pattern for the pixels on the substrate; displaying a user interface comprising a graphical representation of one or more of the parameters for the one or more film layers of the one or more of the pixels; and dynamically modifying the graphical representation of the one or more parameters in response to user input of the displayed user interface, the dynamically modifying causing the displayed graphical images to appear as continuously changing.

Abstract: A method for producing an organic EL device having an anode, a cathode, at least one organic functional layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, and a sealing layer, comprising a step of forming the anode, a step of forming the cathode, a step of forming the at least one organic functional layer and a step of forming the sealing layer, wherein the average concentration: A (ppm) of a sulfur oxide to which the organic EL device during production is exposed from initiation time of the step of forming the at least one organic functional layer until termination time of the step of forming the sealing layer and the exposure time thereof: B (sec) satisfy the formula (1-1): 0?A×B<2.2??(1-1).

Abstract: An alumina-based ceramic wavelength converter is described having a surface layer containing a second phase of alumina, preferably as alumina crystallites. The surface layer is formed as a result of the sintering process used to form the bulk ceramic which is itself substantially transparent. The ceramic wavelength converter is combined with a light emitting diode to form a light emitting device. Preferably, the ceramic wavelength converter is comprised of an alumina-based phosphor represented by a general formula A3B5O12:Ce, wherein A is Y, Sc, La, Gd, Lu, or Tb and B is Al, Ga or Sc.

Abstract: A display includes a plurality of pixel chips, chixels, provided on a substrate. The chixels and the light emitters thereon may be shaped, sized and arranged to minimize chixel, pixel, and sub-pixel gaps and to provide a seamless look between adjacent display modules. The substrate may include light manipulators, such as filters, light converters and the like to manipulate the light emitted from light emitters of the chixels. The light manipulators may be arranged to minimize chixel gaps between adjacent chixels.

Abstract: A method for making a light emitting structure including: determine desired light emitting characteristics; prepare a plurality of nanostructure composites, wherein the plurality of nanostructure composites are configured to provide the desired light emitting characteristics and are configured with predetermined excitation characteristics; selecting a light emission source based on the predetermined excitation characteristics; providing a substrate for the plurality of nanostructure composites; and applying the plurality of nanostructure composites to the substrate such that the plurality of nanostructure composites receive light from the light emission source.