Abstract: The invention reduces power consumption when, for example, a mobile personal computer is in a power-saving mode or when a cellular phone is in a wait mode, in an electro-optical apparatus, such as a liquid crystal display of the subfield drive type used as a display apparatus for various apparatuses. Three different settings “64”, “16” and “2” are enabled as the number of gray scale levels in an electro-optical apparatus, the number of subfields becoming smaller as the number of gray scale levels is reduced. When a large number of gray scale levels is not required (when in the power-saving mode, the wait mode, etc.), a low number of gray scale levels is set, so that the own capacitance of a liquid crystal layer and storage capacitance are charged and discharged less often.

Abstract: A display device comprising an electrode 12, an electrode 16 and a liquid crystal layer 18 which is formed between the electrode 12 and the electrode 16 and change a display state corresponding to a voltage applied between the electrode 12 and the electrode 16, the display device further comprises a piezoelectric element 24 for producing a drive voltage signal which abruptly increases up to a prescribed voltage value and then gradually attenuates, a phase difference generating circuit 26 which, from the drive voltage signal produced by the piezoelectric element 24, generates and outputs a first voltage signal and a second voltage signal having a phase difference from the first voltage signal. The first voltage signal is applied to the electrode 12, and the second voltage signal is applied to the electrode 16. Thus, the orientation state of the chiral nematic liquid crystal can be changed without using an expensive electric power source.

Abstract: Method for driving a plasma display panel, wherein an address reinforcement period is added between an address period and a sustain period, and a scan voltage Vw of positive polarity and a third DC voltage Zdc3 are applied, for inducing floating charges in discharge cells, whereby preventing erratic discharge caused by the floating charges at a high temperature.

Abstract: A design for a plasma display panel (PDP). The novel PDP has two separate layers of fluorescent material. One layer of fluorescent material can generate long wavelength from VUV rays and the other fluorescent layer can convert either of VUV or long wavelength ultraviolet rays into visible rays. Such a PDP improves the luminance efficiency by more efficiently using the UV and VUV rays generated during plasma discharge.

Abstract: A triode structure of a field emission display and fabrication method thereof. A plurality of cathode layers arranged in a matrix is formed overlying a dielectric layer. A plurality of emitting layers arranged in a matrix is formed overlying the cathode layers, respectively. A plurality of lengthwise-extending gate lines is formed on the dielectric layer, in which each of the gate layers is disposed between two adjacent columns of the cathode layers.

Abstract: The invention provides an electronic circuit, an electro-optical unit, and an electronic apparatus with a reduced data writing time. A final current-conversion circuit segment includes a first driving transistor and a first current-supply transistor with a gain factor k times that of the first driving transistor. Further, a current-conversion circuit segment includes a second driving transistor and a second current-supply transistor with a gain factor k times that of the second driving transistor. An intermediate current that is k times the data current Idata generated in the second driving transistor included in the current-conversion circuit segment is supplied to the first current-supply transistor in the final current-conversion circuit segment.

Abstract: It is disclosed that there are a method and an apparatus of driving a plasma display panel that are adaptive for reducing an initialization period. A driving apparatus and a method of a plasma display panel according to the present invention include a driving circuit applying to the plasma display panel a ramp-up waveform rising from a first bias voltage and a ramp-down waveform falling down from a second bias voltage.

Abstract: The invention provides an electronic circuit, an electronic device, an electro-optical apparatus, and an electronic unit in which characteristic variations of transistors can be suppressed. More particularly, the invention provides an electronic circuit having a digital-to-analog conversion circuit forming a single line driver includes first and second conversion transistors a current transistor first through sixth current-supply transistors first through sixth switching transistors and a reference-current generating transistor. The first conversion transistor and each of the first through sixth current-supply transistors form a current mirror circuit. The reference-current generating transistor, which forms a current mirror circuit with the first conversion transistor is provided. An output terminal of the reference-current generating transistor is connected to an input terminal of the digital-to-analog conversion circuit of the adjacent single line driver.

Abstract: There is provided a plasma display device capable of high luminous efficacy and stable driving for displaying images at various image display load factors. The plasma display device performs the sustain discharge for a light-emission display, and is configured to apply a sustain pulse voltage between a sustain electrode pair in a respective one of the plural discharge cells to generate a sustain discharge in a respective one of the following operating modes selected based upon use of the plasma display device: (a) generating a pre-discharge and then a main discharge; (b) generating a main discharge without a pre-discharge preceding the main discharge; and (c) switching between the mode (a) and the mode (b). The sustain voltage waveforms are used which compensate for an increase in voltage drop due to an increase in discharge current when the image display load factor is excessively increased.

Abstract: A method of driving a plasma display panel, which includes controlling a charge state of a first display line being one of the two adjacent display lines utilizing the same single scan electrode, such that address discharge is not generated and controlling a charge state of a second display line being the other of the two adjacent display lines, such that address discharge can be generated, and then generating address discharge in the second display line, controlling the charge state of the second display line such that address discharge is not generated and controlling the charge state of the first display line such that the address discharge can be generated, and then generating address discharge in the first display line, and generating surface discharge simultaneously in the first and second display lines, thereby to achieve progressive display.

Abstract: A light emitting device and an element substrate which are capable of suppressing variations in the luminance intensity of a light emitting element among pixels due to characteristic variations of a driving transistor without suppressing off-current of a switching transistor low and increasing storage capacity of a capacitor. According to the invention, a depletion mode transistor is used as a driving transistor. The gate of the driving transistor is fixed in its potential or connected to the source or drain thereof to operate in a saturation region with a constant current flow. A current controlling transistor which operates in a linear region is connected in series to the driving transistor, and a video signal for transmitting a light emission or non-emission of a pixel is inputted to the gate of the current controlling transistor through a switching transistor.

Abstract: A circuit for driving a light-emitting diode (LED) display has multiple driving modes. The circuit has a control unit for outputting a mode-switching signal, a scan driving chip connecting with the control unit for providing a scan signal, a data driving chip connecting with the control unit and the scan driving chip for providing a data signal, a row control interface connecting with the row line, the control unit, the scan driving chip and the data driving chip to receive the mode-switching signal for switching an input end of the row control interface, and a column control interface connecting with the column line, the control unit, the scan driving chip and the data driving chip to receive the mode-switching signal for switching an input end of the column control interface.

Abstract: An electroluminescence display device that comprises an array of pixels, an electroluminescence device formed in each of the pixels, a first electrode formed in the electroluminescence device, a second electrode formed in the electroluminescence device, an electroluminescence layer formed in the electroluminescence device between the first and second electrodes to emit light through the first and second electrodes, a plurality of scan drivers to activate the array of pixels, and a control unit to control a scanning sequence of the plurality of scan drivers, the electroluminescence display device further comprising a first mode wherein the array of pixels are activated in a sequence from a first row to a last row, and a second mode wherein the array of pixels are activated in a sequence from the last row to the first row.

Abstract: A method for sequentially driving light emitting diodes (LEDs) arranged in an array is provided. The method includes steps of a) electrically connecting anodes and cathodes of the LEDs to a ground; b) keeping the cathodes of a first part of the LEDs being electrically connected to the ground; c) increasing anode potentials of the LEDs to a first reference potential, and floating the cathodes of other parts of the LEDs simultaneously; d) supplying a current to the first part of the LEDs, and increasing cathode potentials of the other parts of the LEDs to a second reference potential simultaneously; and e) repeating the steps a)–d) for a second part of the LEDs. In which, the first part of the LEDs is arranged in a target row of the array and the second part of the LEDs is arranged in a row next to the target row.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprising: a cathode; a gate; an anode; an electron emitting element arranged on the cathode; an image forming member that is arranged opposite to the electron emitting element; a deflection electrode that deflects the orbit of the electron emitted from the electron emitting element and headed toward the anode; and a driver, wherein assuming that an electric field required to start electron emission from the electron emitting element is Ee, that an electric field applied to the electron emitting element by applying voltage to the anode is Ea and that an electric field applied to the electron emitting element by applying voltage to the gate is Eg, the driver applies voltages to the cathode, the gate, and the anode in such a way that (i) Ea>Ee or (ii) Ea+Eg>Ee and Ea>Eg is satisfied.

Abstract: A dual panel-type active matrix organic electroluminescent device includes: first and second substrates spaced apart from each other; a driving thin film transistor on an inner surface of the first substrate; a connection electrode layer connected to the driving thin film transistor and formed of a first conductive material having a first hardness; a first electrode on an inner surface of the second substrate; an organic electroluminescent layer on the first electrode; and a second electrode on the organic electroluminescent layer, the second electrode connected to the connection electrode layer and formed of a second conductive material having a second hardness, wherein the first hardness is different from the second hardness.

Abstract: A drive apparatus for driving a display panel having a plurality of row electrode groups each of which includes a plurality of row electrodes, and a plurality of column electrodes arrayed in the direction intersecting with each row electrode of the plurality of row electrode groups to form display cells at the intersection points. The drive apparatus comprises a controller for generating a control signal for each of the row electrode groups, and a row electrode drive circuit for generating a drive pulse in response to the control signal and supplying the pulse to each row electrode of each of the row electrode groups. The control signal is delayed when being supplied to the drive circuit for each of the row electrode groups.

Abstract: The invention provides a display device using thin film type electron sources having a structure that can be formed in a simple manufacturing process. A lower electrode, a protective insulating layer and an interlayer film are formed on a cathode substrate. An upper bus electrode made from a laminated film of a metal film lower layer and a metal film upper layer is provided further on the interlayer film. A film of an upper electrode of a thin film type electron source for each pixel constituted by an insulating layer serving as an electron accelerating layer on the lower electrode and the upper electrode is formed on two stripe electrodes of the upper bus electrode in that pixel and another upper bus electrode in an adjacent pixel by sputtering. Then, the upper electrode is separated by self-alignment due to a setback portion of the metal film lower layer and an appentice of the metal film upper layer of the corresponding upper bus electrode.

Abstract: The method of driving a display apparatus, in which the gradation scale is represented, by the subfield method, with less flicker even when driven at a frequency of 50 Hz has been disclosed. In this method, the two most weighted subfields (subfields of Bn brightness and Bn?1 brightness when it is assumed that the frame is composed of n subfields and the brightness of n subfields is Bi (i=1?n; B1?B2 . . . Bn?1?Bn)) are arranged at the interval of about half the length of the frame. Because of this, there exist two peaks of the light emission intensity in a frame, the interval being about half the length of the frame, and if the display apparatus is driven at a frequency of 50 Hz and the length of the frame is 20 ms, the variation period of the light emission intensity is 10 ms and the light emission intensity varies at 100 Hz, therefore, flicker is not detected.

Abstract: A current signal output circuit includes a first switch, a first capacitor element and a first transistor in which a first terminal of the first switch is connected to a voltage signal line for providing a voltage signal. A second terminal of the first switch is connected to a first terminal of the first capacitor element, a second terminal of the first capacitor element is connected to a gate electrode of the first transistors, and a first main electrode of the first transistor is connected to a first power source.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED)/polymer OLED (PLED) displays and operation with a precharge latency. Particularly, precharging operation of such a display device with a precharge switch latency. According to the operation, a capacitive aspect of a display element is precharged, and the display element is activated so as to conducting a current therethrough. The precharging is terminated after the activation of the display element. Then a current is supplied and conducted through the display element for exposure of the display element. In this operation, a precharge droop that may occur during the transition between precharge and exposure can be avoided or minimized.

Abstract: A first transistor and a second transistor which serve as switches are connected with each other in series between a data line and a gate electrode of a third transistor which drives a diode. A characteristic of the first transistor is made to differ in terms of current driving capability from that of the second transistor. A storage characteristic of one of the first transistor and the second transistor is made higher than that of the other transistor whereas the current driving capability of the other transistor is raised, and so that leakage current in the first and second transistors which are connected in series is significantly reduced.

Abstract: A method for testing an OLED substrate comprises: the first step of obtaining a first current value passing through a switching element group connected to a selection signal line; the second step of obtaining a second current value passing through a switching element group connected to a data signal line; and the third step of operating a current passing through each switching element including an OLED element from the current value for each pulse signal obtained by each of the steps 1 and 2.

Abstract: A field emission display with a first substrate and a second substrate which are arranged opposite to each other and have a specific distance between them. At least one first electrode is formed on the first substrate and at least one second electrode is formed on the second substrate. At least one third electrode is insulated from the first electrode and an electron emission source is connected to the third electrode. A fourth electrode controls the electrons emitted from the electron emission source so that they reach the second electrode. A driver detects a current flowing through the fourth electrode and controls a driving voltage applied to the fourth electrode based on the detected current.

Abstract: No need of lowering off-current of a switching transistor, fewer luminance variations of a light emitting element between pixels due to characteristic variations of a driving transistor, and less risk of steps due to increase in the number of wirings. A video signal for light emission or non-emission of a pixel is input to a gate of a current controlling transistor operated in a linear region, which is connected in series with the driving transistor, through a switching transistor. Since a voltage Vds between a source and a drain of the current controlling transistor is small, small changes in a voltage Vgs between a gate and a source thereof do not affect a current flowing in a load. The current flowing in the light emitting element is determined by the driving transistor operated in a saturation region, and a fixed potential is input to the gate thereof during light emission.

Abstract: A driving method of a plasma display panel is provided in which effective resolution and luminance in a display of fields that constitute a frame are improved. The method includes dividing each of M (M?2) fields that constitute a frame into K (K?2) subfields having luminance weight, displaying the k (1?k<K) subfields selected in descending order of the luminance weight in progressive format using all display lines out of the K subfields and displaying the remaining subfields in interlaced format using the display lines selected at regular intervals at a ratio of one per M display lines in arrangement order.

Abstract: In an apparatus for driving a luminescent display panel, in a state in which scanning lines are sequentially scanned to drive and illuminate light-emitting elements, a voltage peak value arising in a scanning line in a non-scanning state is held by a capacitor through parasitic capacitance of the light-emitting element in a non-scanning state. On the basis of the voltage value held by the capacitor, a reverse bias voltage to be output from a reverse bias voltage generation circuit is controlled, and the voltage is supplied to the scanning lines.

Abstract: A controller for use with a multi-segment electroluminescent display 1. Control signals C1–CN control a plurality of half H-bridges H and Hc, the terminals of the half H-bridges being connected respectively to ground and to a high voltage DC supply 9. One of said half H-bridges provides a common output Vcommon and the remaining H-bridges provide drive voltages V1–VN for the segments of the display. The H bridges are driven by an oscillator 14 so that an AC voltage is selectively applied to the segments of the display. A power supply 24 provides a predetermined amount of power per unit area of the display. This is controlled by an area summation engine 22 having a segment data input, a segment counter and a memory containing area data corresponding to the segment(s) of the display. Based on the input from the segment data input, the area(s) of the segment(s) that are to be lit are obtained from the memory and summed to provide the total area to be lit.

Abstract: A current control device for driving LED devices uses a switched-mode current control loop inside of an output intensity low-frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) control loop. This allows separate control of current level (for accurate light wavelength output) and light intensity. The current control device requires only one switch to regulate current level, and no other switches for the intensity control. This allows lower parts count for greater reliability and lower system cost.

Abstract: A method of improving the stability of organic light emitting diode (OLED) display devices driven by amorphous silicon thin-film transistors, in which the driving circuitry within each sub-pixel includes a driving transistor for driving organic light emitting diode (OLED), a scanning transistor and a storage capacitance. An end of the capacitance is connected to the signal resetting line, which a resetting time pulse of high potential and low potential are supplied. Since the resetting signals within the sub-pixels are synchronized, a single voltage of the resetting signal can control the positive and negative stresses for each transistor in the sub-pixels on the panel.

Abstract: A plasma display panel having a plurality of bi-discharge sources comprising a front substrate and a rear substrate coupled in parallel; a plurality of first electrodes, second electrodes and third electrodes in parallel disposed over the front substrate along a first direction; a plurality of rear substrate walls disposed in parallel over the rear substrate along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. Each of the plurality of second electrodes is centered between each of the plurality of first and third electrodes, which leads to a bi-discharge source. In each of the plurality of second electrodes, one side is induced as having a plurality of positive charges and the other side with a plurality of negative charges, which are equal amount and thus result in charge counterbalance on the second electrode.

Abstract: In the case where the number of pixels is increased in a display device making use of electron source elements, a period, in which one pixel is caused to continue to emit light, shortened, and so there is caused a need of applying a high voltage between upper and lower electrodes of an electron source element in a short period. Therefore, there is caused a problem that a drive circuit is made severe in operating condition and so the display device is degraded in reliability. Two TFTs are arranged on each of pixels. Also, a time gradation system is used, in which one frame period is divided into a plurality of sub-frame periods, a light emitting or non-emitting state of each of the pixels is selected in the respective sub-frame periods, and gradation is represented by adding up periods, in which the light emitting state is selected in the respective sub-frame periods. Thus it is possible to provide a display device having a high reliability and a method of driving the same.

Abstract: A light emitting device which is able to suppress power consumption while a balance of white light is maintained is provided. According to the present invention, either the potential level of the Hi video signal or Lo video signal which is given to a gate electrode of a transistor, and the potential level of the power source lines are changed by the respective corresponding colors. Concretely, the potential level at the side of Lo and the potential level of the power source line are made to be changed by the respective corresponding colors when a transistor which controls current supplied to a light emitting element is a p-channel type. Conversely, the potential level at the side of the Hi and potential level of the power source line are made to be changed by the respective corresponding colors when a transistor which controls current supplied to a light emitting element is an n-channel type.

Abstract: It is a problem to provide a light-emitting device capable of obtaining a constant brightness without being affected by deterioration in an organic light-emitting layer or temperature change, and of making desired color display. The lowering in OLED brightness due to deterioration is reduced by causing the OLED to emit light while keeping constant the current flowing through the OLED instead of causing the OLED to emit light while keeping constant the OLED drive voltage. Namely, OLED brightness is controlled not by voltage but by current thereby preventing against the change in OLED brightness due to deterioration of OLED. Specifically, the drain current Id of a transistor for supplying a current to the OLED is controlled in a signal line drive circuit thereby keeping constant the drain current Id without relying upon the value of a load resistance.

Abstract: A drive transistor is connected, via its drain region, to a power supply line, and, via its source region, to a transparent electrode of an organic EL element. The channel region is formed bent into a substantially L shape. This arrangement is able to simplify the arrangement of a gate electrode by providing the gate electrode so as to run straight over a channel region in parallel to the power source line. Accordingly, the aperture ratio is increased.

Abstract: A display panel for displaying an image, a drive circuit for driving the display panel and a rear plate for supporting the display panel are provided. The drive circuit includes a circuit board fixed on the rear plate, semiconductor devices surface-mounted on the circuit board to be connected to a plurality of electrodes formed on the display panel and radiator plates attached to the other surfaces of the semiconductor devices opposite to the surfaces mounted on the circuit board so as to be almost in parallel with the rear plate.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image display device in which peripheral circuits including a D/A converter are integrated on a glass substrate while realizing high-precision image display. An image display device of the invention has a display area (100) constructed by a plurality of pixels (1). Serial data and commands input from signal lines (s1 and s2) are input to a buffer circuit (10) via an interface circuit (14) and a D/A converter (11). An output of the buffer circuit is input to the horizontal shift register (13) and sequentially scanned and written to the signal line 2. A vertical shift register 8 switches a pixel switch 4 of a pixel to which the image signal is to be written to the on state via a gate line 3, and the pixel displays the optical characteristics according to the written image signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for driving a plasma display panel in which pairs of sustain electrodes lines respectively including X-electrode lines and Y-electrode lines that are alternately arranged parallel with each other are disposed to be orthogonal to address electrode lines, and discharge cells are defined by intersections between the sustain electrodes and the address electrode lines. In the method, a unit frame as a display period is divided into a plurality of subfields to realize time-division grayscale display, and the individual subfields include a reset period, an address period, and a sustain period. The method includes maintaining the Y-electrode lines at a reference level during the reset period and the sustain period; and addressing the Y-electrode lines by biasing the Y-electrode lines to a first level and simultaneously, sequentially applying a scan signal of the reference level to the Y-electrode lines during the address period.

Abstract: To provide a light emitting device having a highly definite pixel portion. An anode (102) and a bank (104) orthogonal to the anode (102) are formed on an insulator (101). A portion of the bank (104) (controlling bank 104b) is made of a metal film. By applying a voltage thereto, an electric field is formed, and a track of an EL material that is charged with an electric charge can be controlled. Thus, it becomes possible to control a film deposition position of an EL layer with precision by utilizing the above method.

Abstract: A thin film transistor (TFT) array comprises: a drive TFT for driving an organic light emitting diode (OLED), which is an electroluminescence (EL) device; first common wiring disposed for performing a current source or a current sink for the OLED; second common wiring disposed for performing a current source or a current sink for the OLED, the second common wiring being connected alternately with the first common wiring for each horizontal line and each vertical column of a pixel; and a switching TFT, which is a connection switch for connecting either one of the first common wiring and the second common wiring to a pixel electrode.

Abstract: A passive matrix organic EL display device suitable for use in a large-scale display panel and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The organic EL display device comprises a substrate, on which are formed a first electrode, a light-emitting layer, a second electrode and a protective layer. On the protective layer are formed, in turn, a third extending conductive wire that extends parallel with the first electrode, a third isolation layer and a fourth extending conductive wire that extends parallel with the second electrode. The third extending conductive wire is used for connecting first electrodes (data lines) of another unit display panel and a column driver. The fourth extending conductive wire is used for connecting second electrodes (scanning lines) of still another unit display panel and a raw driver.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for switching and controlling an electron dose emitted by a micro-emitter comprising a sensor module (30) that receives the output current from the micro-emitter and a voltage to adjust the polarization point of the said device, a comparator module that receives a threshold voltage to adjust the quantity of charges to be emitted, a logical module to initialize the electron emission, and to define whether or not the micro-emitter should emit, a control module that generates the voltages necessary for initialization and extinction of the micro-emitter current pulse, means of varying the threshold voltage.

Abstract: An object is to narrow the width a frame part provided to a display device. The display device of the present invention comprises: a main substrate having display pixels being arranged in matrix, a scanning line electrode array, a signal line electrode array, and a frame part formed in an edge of the substrate along the scanning line electrode array and the signal line electrode array; a scanning line driving element mounted to the frame part along the scanning line electrode array; a signal line driving element mounted to the frame part along the signal line electrode array; and a flexible flat cable for supplying a signal and a power to the driving circuits of the scanning line driving element and the signal line driving element.

Abstract: An electron-emitting element includes an electric field applying portion comprising of a dielectric formed on a substrate, a first electrode formed on one surface of the electric field applying portion, a second electrode being formed on the surface of the electric filed applying portion, and a slit formed in cooperation with the first electrode.

Abstract: A brightness compensation system and method of providing brightness uniformity in an active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (OLED) flat-panel display. The brightness compensation system of the present invention includes a system controller, a timing generator, a test brightness generator, a pixel address generator, a video formatter, a first and second multiplexer, a memory device, a pixel adjust device, a level shifter and driver, a current sensor, an analog-to-digital converter, a DC power supply, and an active-matrix OLED display under test. The brightness compensation system and method of the present invention subjects an active-matrix OLED display to a testing operation that alternately tests every pixel, detects its output current, which is an indicator of light output level, for a given input voltage, saves the output current value in memory, then applies a corrective voltage to each pixel, so that each pixel has the same light output (output current) as its neighboring pixel.

Abstract: A method of sub-field drive can display with a mode of placing emphasis on responsiveness and display with a mode of placing emphasis on gray-scale reproductiveness. A field is divided into plural sub-fields on a time axis, and each of such sub-fields is a control unit of driving a pixel. A code storing ROM stores a code that controls sub-fields to collecting on-voltage intensively in a former part of a field based on display data. Another code storing ROM stores a code that controls sub-fields to increase levels of gray scale based on display data. A data encoder determines whether each pixel of display data is an edge part of a moving image or not, selects a code that enables superior display in responsiveness at the edge part of a moving and selects a code that enables superior display in gray scale reproductiveness in other parts from the ROMs.

Abstract: An OLED device and control circuit, comprising: a) an OLED responsive to a drive signal; b) a drive circuit connected to the OLED responsive to a charge signal for controlling the drive signal; c) one or more variable charge storage capacitors providing the charge signal; d) a deposition circuit for depositing variable charge in the one or more variable charge storage capacitors; and e) a modulation circuit responsive to an external modulation signal for removing charge from the one or more variable charge storage capacitors.

Abstract: A pre-drive circuit having low deviation of timing of a high level and a low level output voltages is disclosed. A plurality of drive systems are comprised, each having an input amplifier circuits for amplifying input voltages input to input voltage terminals, high level shift circuits for shifting signal levels output from the input amplifier circuits, and output amplifier circuits for amplifying shift signals output from the high level shift circuits, and each drive system has the same constitution.

Abstract: First analog currents are obtained through a plurality of switch circuits provided correspondingly to output pins of an organic EL drive circuit as drive currents or through output stage current sources. The first analog currents or the drive currents are compared by a comparator provided within the organic EL element drive circuit with a second analog current (reference current) or a current obtained by passing the second analog current through a current source corresponding to the output stage current source. A result of comparison is outputted externally of the organic EL element drive circuit. The drive currents are obtained sequentially at the output pins by turning the switch circuits ON one by one sequentially by a control circuit to sequentially obtain the result of comparison for the drive currents from the organic EL element drive circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for data signal scattering conversion. The apparatus includes a scattering multiplexer, a digital-to-analog converter, and a scattering demultiplexer. The scattering multiplexer is for receiving p digital data signals and outputting the q-th digital data signal of the p digital data signals. The digital-to-analog converter is to perform digital-to-analog conversion of the q-th digital data signal and output an analog data signal. The scattering demultiplexer has p output terminals, and is used for outputting the analog data signal through the q-th output terminal. Offset voltages output from the digital-to-analog converter are scattered over a number of data lines so that undesired points with abnormally deep or light colors due to the output offset voltages, are difficult to perceive.