Abstract: Backlight unit comprising a supply source (4), a discharge lamp (2) having a tubular discharge vessel (6) with an ionizable filling, three or more electrodes (8, 10, 12) arranged in a row along and external of the vessel at spaced relation to each other. The supply source comprises lamp drivers (14, 16) and data processing means (18). Each pair of different pairs of electrodes is coupled to a corresponding lamp driver. Each lamp driver is suitable to supply a high frequency supply voltage to the pair of electrodes to which the lamp driver is coupled. The data processing means is suitable to process input display data (D) and to control the lamp drivers such that their supplied supply voltages are dependent on the input display data.

Abstract: Driving voltages of an LED of each color are stored in applied voltage storage register 11, 12 or 13, and the LED of each color is driven with independent driving voltage, whereby current consumption is reduced. Further, data in applied voltage storage registers 11, 12 and 13 is made rewritable via storage value setting bus 14, and when there are fluctuations in minimum emission voltage in actually mounted LEDs due to individual differences, voltages to store in the applied voltage storage registers 11, 12 and 13 can be changed as appropriate corresponding to the fluctuations.

Abstract: A lighting device for a display device includes a plurality of light sources, a power source arranged to provide drive power for the light sources, a common electrode arranged to supply the drive power to the plurality of light sources, a plurality of holder electrodes arranged to hold the respective light sources and supply the drive power from the common electrode individually to the respective light sources, and a dielectric portion provided between the common electrode and each of the holder electrodes.

Abstract: A backlight device includes a first substrate, and an LED thin-film layered structure (epitaxially grown inorganic material layers) fixed to a surface of the first substrate. An anode electrode and a cathode electrode are formed on the LED thin-film layered structure. An anode driver IC and a cathode driver IC are provided for driving the LED thin-film layered structure. A wiring structure electrically connects the anode driver IC and the anode electrode of the LED thin-film layered structure, and electrically connects the cathode driver IC and the cathode electrode of the LED thin-film layered structure. A second substrate has an optical transparency and is disposed to face the surface of the first substrate on which the LED thin-film layered structure is formed. A phosphor is formed on a surface of the second substrate facing the first substrate and is disposed on a position corresponding to the LED thin-film layered structure.

Abstract: An information display apparatus includes a matrix of thin-film light-emitting diodes (LEDs) disposed on a transparent substrate. The thin-film LEDs are epitaxially grown on a semiconductor substrate, then transferred in strips to the transparent substrate, anchored by intermolecular forces, and separated into individual LEDs by photolithography and etching. The anodes and cathodes of the thin-film LEDs are connected to anode and cathode driving circuits by a matrix of thin-film electrical paths formed on the transparent substrate. The matrix of LEDs and interconnections is dense enough to display images of high quality, and provides enough pixels for the display of useful text and graphics on even small information display devices.

Abstract: A column current source for an image sensor includes an array of pixels arranged in rows and columns, a reference current source, a transistor connected as a source follower to the reference current source and forming one half of a current mirror, and a plurality of current sources each connected to a column of pixels and with each current source forming the other half of the current mirror, thereby mirroring the reference current source. The current sources are connected to a first common node. A resistor is connected between the first common node and a second common node. One or more resistors are connected in series between the second common node and the transistor drain, and two or more switches are selectively operable to short circuit the resistors allowing the current sources to provide more than two current levels, thereby optimizing the image sensor current consumption for mobile devices.

Abstract: An active matrix display device comprises an array of display pixels provided over a common substrate. Each pixel has a voltage-programmed current source circuit, a drive transistor and a light sensitive device for sensing the display element light output. The light sensitive device provides a current dependent on the display element output, and the light sensitive device and the current source circuit define a feedback control loop which controls the voltage provided to the gate of the drive transistor. This pixel circuit uses a current source circuit to provide a gate voltage to a drive transistor. This enables the current source circuit to operate at low current levels, and therefore under low voltage stress.

Abstract: A cold cathode type flat panel display which is an image display device includes a vacuum panel container composed of a cathode substrate in which plural cold cathode type electron sources are arranged, an anode substrate, plural spacers for supporting the cathode substrate and the anode substrate, and a glass frame. Plural electrical lines extend in a line direction and a row direction across an interlayer insulator on the cathode substrate. Parts of lines positioned in an upper layer of the plural electrical lines are made into scan lines and lines positioned in a lower layer are made into data lines. Further, parts of the electrical lines positioned in the upper layer are made into spacer lines for giving to the spacers a voltage lower than an acceleration voltage which is applied to an accelerating electrode.

Abstract: An organic LED (OLED) display device and an operating method of driving the same. In an OLED image display device, one switch transistor is provided in one pixel. For at least a part of an OFF period of time of the switch transistor, the OLED is in the non-light emission state, and also the bias of the polarity reverse to that in the light emission is applied to the OLED.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus for driving a plasma display panel in which the capability to represent the gray scale can be improved, and method thereof. The apparatus includes an inverse gamma control block for performing an inverse gamma correction process on input data received from the outside by using two or more gamma values, and a select unit for outputting one of two or more output data on which the inverse gamma correction operation is performed, which is outputted from the inverse gamma control block. Therefore, the capability to represent the gray scale can be improved. Furthermore, an error diffusion pattern and pseudo noise can be reduced and the picture quality can be thus improved.

Abstract: A cathodolumineseent lighting system has a light emitting device having an envelope with a transparent face, a cathode for emitting electrons, an anode with a phosphor layer and a conductor layer. The phosphor layer emits light through the transparent face of the envelope. The system also has a power supply for providing at least five thousand volts of power to the light emitting device, and the electrons transiting from cathode to anode are essentially unfocused. Additional embodiments responsive to triac-type dimmers with intensity and color-changes in response to dimmer control. A power-factor-corrected embodiment is also disclosed.

Abstract: To realize an LED drive circuit capable of feeding equal currents to parallel-connected LED circuits with a simple arrangement, there are provided a current source generating a temporally altering current and a first smoothing capacitor and a second smoothing capacitor, and there are also provided: a first LED circuit, containing one LED or series-connected LEDs, which is connected in parallel with the first smoothing capacitor; and a second LED circuit, containing one LED or series-connected LEDs, which is connected in parallel with the second smoothing capacitor, the drive circuit comprising: a current-dividing coil containing two coils coupled at a tap so that the current generated in the current source flows into the tap; a first reverse current blocking diode connected between an end of the current-dividing coil and an electrode of the first smoothing capacitor; and a second reverse current blocking diode connected between another end of the current-dividing coil and an electrode of the second smoothing

Abstract: The method of the invention generates an address signal for addressing columns or rows of a PDP. In the case of addressing a column, for example, the method comprises the following steps. For a phase T1, a DC voltage V1 is applied across the terminals of a solenoid L, so that the latter stores energy, and applies a voltage A across the terminals of a selected column. During a phase T2, some of the energy stored in the solenoid L is discharged into the column until the voltage across the terminals of the column becomes about zero. During a phase T3, an approximately zero voltage is maintained across the terminals of the column. According to one embodiment the selection of the column(s) during this phase is modifiable. During a phase T4, the solenoid L is charged with current stored in a capacitor until the voltage across the terminals of the column is zero.

Abstract: The present invention relates to to an apparatus for driving a plasma display panel in which an image being full of life is represented through expansion of contrast and the gray level can be expanded, and method for driving the same. According to the present invention, since a gray level of an input data is distributed over the whole gray level region, contrast can be expanded. It is therefore possible to display an image being full of life. Furthermore, if the gray level of the input data is expanded over the whole gray level region, contrast is increased. Moreover, when the gray level region is expanded, an error diffusion unit and/or a dithering unit are/is not used.

Abstract: The invention is set for connecting L.E.D., bridging rectifier and AC/DC power transformer by using series connection method, also the main purpose is for saving energy and reducing the cost of electronic components. The first apparatus is built by first bridge rectifier, first L.E.D. group and first current-limiting resistor using the series connection method. The second apparatus is built by second bridge rectifier, second L.E.D. group and second current-limiting resistor using the series connection method. Then, finally the previous two apparatus will be connected each other by using parallel connection method to the AC/DC power source.

Abstract: Methods for compensating for brightness variations in a field emission device. In one embodiment, a method and system are described for measuring the relative brightness of rows of a field emission display (FED) device, storing information representing the measured brightness into a correction table and using the correction table to provide uniform row brightness in the display by adjusting row voltages and/or row on-time periods. A special measurement process is described for providing accurate current measurements on the rows. This embodiment compensates for brightness variations of the rows, e.g., for rows near the spacer walls. In another embodiment, a periodic signal, e.g., a high frequency noise signal, is added to the row on-time pulse in order to camouflage brightness variations in the rows near the spacer walls. In another embodiment, the area under the row on-time pulse is adjusted to provide row-by-row brightness compensation based on correction values stored in a memory resident correction table.

Abstract: A vacuum fluorescent display (VFD) and a filament-driving method are provided. Two sub-dc voltages having peaks respectively interlaced with each other on the waveform thereof are used to drive the filament. A driving circuit is integrated in the integrated circuit of a VFD driver, a VFD controller or a VFD MCU. The VFD is able to operate without utilizing a transformer.

Abstract: A display apparatus is provided. The display apparatus is an assembly of a display panel, a chassis, a circuit board and a board connection member. During operation, the display panel produces an image. The chassis includes a base supporting the display panel at the rear of the display panel, and a first protrusion protruding from the base in a direction away from the display panel. The circuit board is fixed at a position that is spaced apart from a rear surface of the chassis by a given gap and functions to electronically drive the display panel. The board connection member includes a chassis fixing portion, a board fixing portion and a connection supporter. The chassis fixing portion is connected to the first protrusion, the board fixing portion is connected to the circuit board, and the connection supporter is arranged between the circuit board and the chassis and connects the chassis fixing portion and the board fixing portion.

Abstract: Scanning electrode circuitous wires are disposed in an area in the vicinity of a left side of a rectangular substrate; data electrode connecting wires, which serve to supply a signal to data electrodes from outside an organic EL display device, are disposed between the data electrodes and an upper side of the rectangular substrate; and scanning electrode connecting wires, which serve to supply a signal to scanning electrodes from outside the organic EL display device, are disposed between the scanning electrodes and a right side of the rectangular substrate.

Abstract: There is provided a surface light source device comprising: a light source body including a plurality of discharge spaces therein, a first electrode and a second electrode applying a first voltage into the discharge spaces and arranged parallel to each other, and a third electrode applying a second voltage into the discharge spaces and facing the first and second electrodes and arranged in a direction of crossing the first and second electrodes. In accordance with the present invention, the discharge firing voltage and sustain voltage of the surface light source device can be lowered by applying the first and second voltage to the electrodes. Further, it is possible to divisionally drive the surface light source device by sequentially and/or selectively applying a voltage to divided parts of each electrode.

Abstract: The invention provides a display device using thin film type electron sources having a structure that can be formed in a simple manufacturing process. A lower electrode, a protective insulating layer and an interlayer film are formed on a cathode substrate. An upper bus electrode made from a laminated film of a metal film lower layer and a metal film upper layer is provided further on the interlayer film. A film of an upper electrode of a thin film type electron source for each pixel constituted by an insulating layer serving as an electron accelerating layer on the lower electrode and the upper electrode is formed on two stripe electrodes of the upper bus electrode in that pixel and another upper bus electrode in an adjacent pixel by sputtering. Then, the upper electrode is separated by self-alignment due to a setback portion of the metal film lower layer and an appentice of the metal film upper layer of the corresponding upper bus electrode.

Abstract: An exposure system is provided with a light emitting element array formed by a plurality of light emitting elements formed at the intersections of anodes and cathodes arranged in matrix so that a photosensitive material is exposed to an image formed on the light emitting element array. A method of driving the light emitting element array includes the steps of driving the light emitting elements in constant-current drive before and/or during an exposure period, measuring and storing in a memory means the anode voltage of each light emitting element at that time, and driving the light emitting elements in constant-voltage drive at a voltage equal to the measured anode voltage at least during beginning of the subsequent exposure periods.

Abstract: A method of operating an electronic device having a field-effect transistor including a first source/drain region and a second source/drain region, the first source/drain region being connected to a first terminal of an electronic component which is either a radiation-emitting electronic component or a radiation-responsive electronic component, the method comprising sending a first signal to either a second terminal of the electronic component or the second source/drain region and during a second time period electrically floating the second terminal or the second source/drain region, or both, of the electronic component. There is also provided a method of operating an electronic device that comprises having a first switch at a first setting and a second switch at a second setting during a first time period and during a second time period, changing the first switch, the second switch, or both to different setting(s).

Abstract: There are provided an electron emission element that operates stably in the atmosphere, a method of manufacturing the same and a method of emitting field electrons using such an element as well as an emission/display device realized by using a cold cathode electron source having a surface profile showing an excellent field electron characteristic and showing a low electron emission threshold value, a high output level and a long service life. A dilute material gas of rare gas such as argon and/or helium, hydrogen or a mixture gas thereof is used. An electron emission element substrate (4) is held to a temperature level between room temperature and 1,300° C. in an atmosphere where boron source material gas and nitride source material gas are introduced to 0.0001 to 100 volume % relative to the dilute material gas under pressure of 0.

Abstract: A driving circuit for a vacuum fluorescent display for pulse-driving a filament of the vacuum fluorescent display with a pulse voltage. The driving circuit comprises a detecting unit for detecting that the level of the pulse voltage is fixed, and outputs a detection signal indicative of the result of the detection. Preferably, the driving circuit comprises a control unit for controlling at least one output of the outputs of the filament driving unit, the grid driving unit and the segment driving unit in order to terminate the driving of at least one of the filament, the grid electrode and the segment electrode, based on the detection signal.

Abstract: A display device including a current drive circuit capable of stably and correctly supplying an intended current to a light emitting element of each pixel without being affected by variations in characteristics of an active element inside the pixel and as a result capable of displaying a high quality image, wherein each pixel comprises a receiving use transistor TFT3 for fetching a signal current Iw from a data line DATA when a scanning line SCAN-A is selected, a conversion use transistor TFT1 for once converting a current level of a fetched signal current Iw to a voltage level and holding the same, and a drive use transistor TFT2 for passing a drive current having a current level in accordance with the held voltage level through a light emitting element OLED. The conversion use thin film transistor TFT1 generates a converted voltage level at its own gate by passing the signal current Iw fetched by the TFT3 through its own channel. A capacitor C holds the voltage level created at the gate of the TFT1.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes: a front and a rear substrate which face each other and form a discharge space; address electrodes arranged on an upper surface of the rear substrate; a first dielectric layer formed on the upper surface of the rear substrate and covering the address electrodes; partition walls formed on the upper surface of the rear substrate and partitioning the discharge space to form discharge cells; a fluorescent layer formed on an upper surface of the first dielectric layer and on sidewalls of partition walls, and forming inner surfaces of the discharge cells; first and second sustain electrodes formed on a lower surface of the front substrate in each of the discharge cells in a direction perpendicular to the address electrodes; and a second dielectric layer formed on the lower surface of the front substrate to cover the sustain electrodes, and having protruding portions formed between the sustain electrodes and protruding into discharge cells.

Abstract: The currents that m pieces of quasi control current output circuits formed with a polycrystalline TFT output have the dispersion. In the present invention, the averaged value of the output currents of these m pieces of the quasi control current output circuits is outputted from the output terminals of n (n represents a natural number of m or less) of the control current output circuit. For example, the output currents of these m pieces of the quasi control current output circuits are in turn exchanged and outputted from the n (n represents a natural number of m or less) pieces of the output terminals of the control current output circuits. Thus, the drive circuit, which has suppressed the dispersion of the output current, can be provided.

Abstract: A clock signal synchronized with a data write signal for each scan line supplied from a light emission control circuit 4 to a scan driver 6 is supplied to an oscillator 12 generating a reference switching signal of a DC-DC converter 8 by a PWM method via a frequency divider 14. Thus, even when a ripple component by a switching operation of the converter has been superimposed on a drive voltage Va, constantly the same gate-to-source voltage Vgs is supplied to a light emission drive transistor Tr2 for each scan line, whereby a problem that a state in which light emission intensities differ for each scan line is brought about can be resolved. Further, the duty ratio of a switching signal from a PWM circuit 11 is detected by a detection circuit 13 to grasp the load condition of the converter, and when the load is light, the division ratio of the frequency divider 14 is increased to execute the switching operation at a low frequency.

Abstract: A plasma display panel including first and second substrates facing one another with a gap therebetween, address electrodes formed on the first substrate along a first direction, barrier ribs mounted in the gap and defining a plurality of discharge cells, first and second electrodes formed on the second substrate along a second direction, which is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, and third electrodes extending along the second direction between pairs of the first and second electrodes. Areas of the third electrodes vary according to the color of the discharge cell over which the third electrodes are formed.

Abstract: Image display screen suitable for displaying image frames, at a given screen scanning frequency, comprising, light emitters, circuits for addressing the emitters each comprising, a current modulator able to supply the said emitter with current during the screen display mode, a charge capacitance able to store at each image frame a potential applied to the gate electrode of the current modulator, the potential being representative of a voltage for addressing an image datum during a screen display mode. The screen comprises a control system able to apply a bias voltage to the gate electrode of the current modulator and to the said charge capacitance, during a screen standby mode of a duration greater than the duration of an image frame, the said bias voltage having a bias inverse to the bias of the potential applied to the said charge capacitance during the screen display mode.

Abstract: A line head includes a light-emitting element line in which a plurality of light-emitting elements, each being interposed between one electrode and another electrode, are arranged; and driving circuits that drive the light-emitting elements on the light-emitting element line, respectively. A power supply wiring line connected to the one electrode through each of the driving circuits is arranged opposite to the other electrode.

Abstract: To provide a circuit for preventing degradation of a display quality caused by horizontal crosstalk. An image signal correcting circuit supplies a corrected image signal to a display panel to apply the image signal using the corresponding data line after pre-charging each data line to the predetermined voltage, for a pixel electrode located at the selected scanning line. The image signal correcting circuit comprises a subtractor 312 for calculating a difference between a gray scale level shown as a reference signal Ref and a gray scale level of the pixel indicated by an image signal VID, an integrator 314 for integrating the result of the subtraction output to one row of pixel located at the selected scanning line, and an adder 322 that provides the integration Int multiplied by the coefficient k1 as the corrected image signal.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a current-controlled light emitting; a transistor which controls a first current flowing through the current-controlled light emitting diode, based on a first voltage applied between the gate and the source of the transistor at a light emitting phase; a capacitor arranged between the gate and the source. The image display apparatus also includes a current determining unit which controls a second current flowing between the source and the drain, based on a third voltage applied thereto at the writing phase. The second voltage is written in the capacitor at a writing phase and depends on the second current.

Abstract: In an FED (Field Emission Display), lowering of a color temperature is suppressed which is caused by that light emission luminance of respective color phosphors is different from each other so as to achieve a better white balance. A display apparatus is equipped with a cathode substrate containing a plurality of electron emitter elements, and an anode substrate. The anode substrate is arranged opposite to the cathode substrate, and contains three colors of red, green, blue phosphors which are excited by electrons emitted from the electron emitter elements so as to emit light. Then, an area of either the red phosphor or an area of the blue phosphor is made smaller than an area of the green phosphor.

Abstract: There is provided a circuit for driving an electro-optical device having a precharge voltage generating circuit. The precharge voltage generating circuit has a subtracter for obtaining a difference between a gray scale level of each of pixels which is disposed along one of scanning lines and a reference gray scale previously set, an integrator for integrating the subtraction result for the pixels of one row which are disposed along the one of the scanning lines, an adder for adding a reference value of a precharge voltage to the integrated value, a D/A converter for converting a voltage corresponding to the added result into an analog signal, and an inversion circuit for outputting a precharge signal Vpre which is obtained by inverting the analog signal corresponding to writing polarity.

Abstract: An EL display device capable of producing a vivid multi-gradation color display, and an electronic device having the EL display device. An electric current supplied to an EL element 110 is controlled by providing a resistor 109 between a current control TFT 108 and the EL element 110 formed in a pixel 104, the resistor 109 having a resistance higher than the on-resistance of the current control TFT 108. The gradation display is executed by a time-division drive system which controls the emission and non-emission of light of the EL element 110 by time, preventing the effect caused by a dispersion in the characteristics of the current control TFT 108.

Abstract: A driving method and a driver circuit for improving the definition of display image on a plasma display device. In an initial state in an addressing discharge period, a scanning electrode is applied with a scanning base pulse at a first power supply potential. This suppresses a weak erroneous discharge between a scanning base pulse and a display data pulse. Next, the scanning electrode is applied with a scanning pulse. After the scanning pulse has been applied, the scanning electrode is applied with the scanning base pulse at a second power supply potential. In this way, the level of the scanning base pulse applied to the scanning electrode after the end of the application of the scanning pulse in the addressing discharge period is lower than the level of the scanning base pulse applied to the scanning electrode before the application of the scanning pulse.

Abstract: In a method of expressing a gray level of a high load image and an apparatus for driving a Plasma Display Panel (PDP) using the method, a load ratio of the input image signal is calculated, and an error diffusion of a lower bit of gray level data corresponding to the input image signal is performed when it has been determined that the calculated load ratio is greater than or equal to a critical load ratio which is a lowest load ratio among the load ratios in which luminance at every gray level does not increase while the gray level increases at a low gray level area. The error-diffused gray level data is then displayed on the PDP.

Abstract: It is disclosed that there are a method and an apparatus of driving a plasma display panel that are adaptive for reducing an initialization period. A driving apparatus and a method of a plasma display panel according to the present invention include a driving circuit applying to the plasma display panel a ramp-up waveform rising from a first bias voltage and a ramp-down waveform falling down from a second bias voltage.

Abstract: To enhance the display characteristics of moving images and enhance the display quality in an electro-optical device using electro-optical elements that emit light with the brightness in accordance with a driving current, a pixel includes a driving transistor T4 for setting a driving current Ioled in accordance with data stored in a capacitor and an organic EL element OLED that emits light with the brightness in accordance with the driving current Ioled. During a period of time from the moment in which the scanning line corresponding to the pixel in which data is to be written to the moment in which the same scanning line is selected again, at least one of the electric potential of a first power supply line and the electric potential of a second power supply line is set to be variable and a forward bias and a reverse bias are alternately and repeatedly applied to the organic EL element OLED.

Abstract: An apparatus for driving capacitive light emitting diodes which can be reduced in size. For supplying a capacitive light emitting diode with a driving pulse which varies the voltage with a predetermined amplitude through a driving line, the driving apparatus comprises a resonance current path including a capacitor, a first switching element for supplying the driving line with a current in accordance with charges accumulated on the capacitor when it is on, and a second switching element for grounding one electrode of the capacitor when it is on, thereby supplying the other electrode of the capacitor with a current in accordance with charges accumulated in the capacitive light emitting element through the driving line.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for driving a plasma display panel in which a plurality of first electrodes and second electrodes are arranged parallel to each other, a plurality of third electrodes are arranged to cross the first and second electrodes, and discharge cells defined with areas in which the electrodes cross mutually are arranged in the form of a matrix. According to the driving method, a reset period is a period during which the distribution of wall charges in the plurality of discharge cells is uniformed. An addressing period is a period during which wall charges are produced in the discharge cells according to display data. A sustain discharge period is a period during which sustain discharge is induced in the discharge cells in which wall charges are produced during the addressing period.

Abstract: In the aging process performed by applying a voltage having an alternating voltage component between a scan electrode and a sustain electrode, an erase discharge occurs in succession to an aging discharge. According to the aging method, an erase discharge-suppressing voltage is applied to at least any one of the scan electrode, the sustain electrode, and the data electrode. Although the erase discharge repeatedly occurs in the wake of the aging discharge, the erase discharge-suppressing voltage suppresses the ones that occur when the scan electrode has voltage level higher than the sustain electrode.

Abstract: Provided are a dielectric element and an electron emitter exhibiting suppressed deterioration of element characteristics, which deterioration would otherwise occur with repeated use thereof. An electron emitter (i.e., a dielectric element) of the present invention is configured so as to operate through application of a predetermined driving electric field to an emitter layer. The emitter layer is formed of a dielectric layer containing, as a primary component, a PMN-PT-PZ ternary solid solution composition, and having a Curie temperature Tc (° C.) falling within a range of 60?Tc?150.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a light emitting device capable of obtaining a certain luminance without influence by the temperature change, and a driving method thereof. A current mirror circuit formed by using a transistor is provided for each pixel. The first transistor and the second transistor of the current mirror circuit are connected such that the drain currents thereof are maintained at proportional values regardless of the load resistance value. Thereby, a light emitting device capable of controlling the OLED driving current and the luminance of the OLED by controlling the drain current of the first transistor at a value corresponding to a video signal in a driving circuit, and supplying the drain current of the second transistor to the OLED, is provided.

Abstract: The present invention narrows a picture frame size by deciding line widths of respective power source bus lines which supply electricity to organic EL elements of respective colors corresponding to current quantities of the respective power source bus lines. Red pixels, green pixels and blue pixels which are arranged in a matrix array and, and power source lines which are connected to the respective pixels are formed in a display region, and power source bus lines which supply electricity to these power source lines are formed in a picture frame region. The power source bus line for red of a large current quantity is arranged on a side close to the display region and the power source bus line for green of a small current quantity is arranged on an outer side.

Abstract: An electron emitter has an emitter made of a dielectric material and an upper electrode and a lower electrode for being supplied with a drive voltage for emitting electrons. The upper electrode is disposed on an upper surface of the emitter, and the lower electrode is disposed on a lower surface of the emitter. The upper electrode has a plurality of through regions through which the emitter is exposed. Each of the through regions of the upper electrode has a peripheral portion having a surface facing the emitter and spaced from the emitter.

Abstract: A driving method is provided which improves the duty ratio, which presents high image quality by securing a sufficient length of sustain (lighting) period when gray scales are increased in number, and which prolongs the lifetime of a light emitting element. One frame period has m (m is a natural number equal to or larger than 2) different sub-frame periods SF1, SF2, . . . , and SFm. The m different sub-frame periods SF1, SF2, . . . , and SFm each have an address period and a sustain period. Analog data signals are inputted to their respective light emitting elements in the address period. In the sustain period, the light emitting elements emit light in response to the analog data signals at n (n is a natural number equal to or larger than 2) levels of luminance for gray scale display.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for programmable field emission display comprising an array of cathodoluminescent elements. Each cathodoluminescent element in the array is responsive to separate select signals to cause light to be emitted from said display at a location in the array corresponding to each separate cathodoluminescent element. In one embodiment, to account for processing variation and the like, each cathodoluminescent element is provided with a programmable element for adjusting the operating level of the associated cathodoluminescent element in response to select signals of predetermined voltage levels. Each programmable element includes a charge storage device and is initially programmed by storing a level of electric charge thereon such that uniformity of operation among the plurality of cathodoluminescent elements in the array is improved. In one embodiment the programmable element comprises a floating gate transistor.