Abstract: A traveling wave device having a metallic helical core element which is ceramic coated on its peripheral surfaces to provide a heat transferring dielectric and which is in intimate peripheral contact within the body of said device, to thus provide a simplified and long-life structure having improved heat conductivity permitting greater RF output and size-weight reduction of said device; and methods for forming and coating the helices.

Abstract: Undesired oscillations are suppressed in high-power, high-frequency, multe meanderline printed circuit traveling wave tubes. .pi. point frequency oscillations of various modes are attenuated by providing resistive coated longitudinal gaps in the ground plane conductor. The gaps permit lower radio frequency currents to propagate along the length of the line while blocking transverse currents of higher .pi. mode frequencies. The resistive coatings and spacing of the gaps control losses while permitting improved operation at the desired frequency. Increased beam current is produced at the output collector due to elimination of oscillations.

Abstract: A traveling-wave tube has a slow wave circuit consisting of a constant phase velocity section extending from the electron gun side of the tube, and a phase velocity tapering section extending from the collector side of the tube in which the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave is lower than in the constant phase velocity section. An attenuator is located at about the center of the constant phase velocity section. The ratio of the length of the phase velocity tapering section to the distance between the end of the attenuator which faces the collector side of the tube and the electron gun side end of the phase velocity tapering section is equal to, or less than 0.4.

Abstract: Backward-wave oscillations in a helix or helix-derived traveling-wave tube re prevented by dimensioning the conductive shell surrounding the helix so that the backward-wave space harmonic of the slow-wave interaction circuit has a cutoff frequency in the vicinity of the frequency of the potential backward-wave oscillations. Lossy material is disposed between the shell and helix so that there is strong coupling between the electromagnetic field and the lossy material near the cutoff frequency of the backward-wave space harmonic.

Abstract: A coupled cavity travelling wave tube is disclosed which has a sever including a termination wedge, a sever pole piece with a drift tube and a termination cavity member defining a rectangular waveguide. Disposed in the rectangular waveguide are preformed projections which are provided so as to engage with the termination wedge, the termination wedge thereby being sandwiched between the projections and the sever pole piece.

Abstract: A millimetric wave tube for generating high energy pulses, comprising, in particular, a slotted cylindrical anode carrying resonant cavities, and means for creating an electron cloud rotating about the axis of the anode, and performing the function of a negative electrode. An energy exchange takes place from the electron cloud to a millimetric wave which develops in the resonant cavities, so that the millimetric wave is amplified.

Abstract: An electronic tube of magnetron type capable of operating as a self excited oscillator or an amplifier pilot- controlled to a given frequency. It comprises a waveguide surrounding the anode of the magnetron. The waveguide which comprises an output and an input is coupled at coupling points to certain cavities of the magnetron. The waveguide is formed by successive sections each extending from one of the coupling points to the next and each having a constant characteristic impedance. The guide offers to the wave a characteristic impedance which varies regularly from one of its section to the other. When operating as a self excited oscillator the input at the opposite end to the output is closed off.

Abstract: In a switched vertical deflection circuit, two SCR switches couple horizontal retrace pulses to a capacitor. A modulator couples pulse width modulated gating pulses to the SCR's. The SCR's couple to the capacitor successively smaller portions of the horizontal retrace pulses during a first part of the vertical trace interval and successively larger portions during a second part for developing in a vertical deflection winding a sawtooth vertical deflection current. The modulator couples gating pulses to one of the SCR's during the vertical retrace interval for substantially loading the horizontal deflection circuit during the vertical retrace interval for preventing undesired oscillations within the horizontal deflection circuit.

Abstract: Ring-and-bar slow wave electronic interaction circuits of the singly and/or doubly connected variety are supported from a surrounding conductive barrel structure via the intermediary of ceramic comb structures which extend along the slow wave circuit. The ceramic "teeth" of the comb structure are brazed at their ends to the connecting bars of the slow wave circuit to enhance thermal conduction from the circuit. The free space between the teeth avoids excessive dielectric loading of the circuit. The "spines" of the ceramic combs are brazed to the barrel to provide good thermally conductive paths from the combs to the barrel for cooling of the slow wave circuit. A microwave tube employing a doubly connected ring-and-bar circuit, supported as aforedescribed, provides a high power structure having a small signal gain bandwidth between 3.7 db points of 6 GHz at Ku band.

Abstract: An array of field emission cathodes is formed by a plurality of pointed cold cathode elements arranged in rows and columns along microwave transmission means such as a waveguide or transmission line, into which low power microwave energy to be amplified is fed. Arranged opposite the cathode array in spaced relationship therewith is an anode structure. Running along the anode structure is a second microwave transmission means for receiving and coupling out the amplified input energy. Positioned between the anode and the cathode are a plurality of grid members for controlling the electron flow between the cathodes and the anode.

Abstract: The allowable gain of a crossed-field amplifier tube is increased by tapering the slow-wave interaction circuit to a smaller spatial period in the direction of circuit power flow. Concurrent variation of the electron beam drift velocity by tapering the dc electric or magnetic field further improves the gain and efficiency.

Abstract: Noise in reentrant-stream crossed-field amplifiers is suspected of being generated by electrons re-entering the interaction region with large amplitude cycloidal motion near the slow-wave circuit. Means to increase the electric field in a portion of the drift region preceding the circuit lowers the noise, presumably by collecting these electrons. The field may be increased by decreasing the spacing between cathode and drift electrode or by applying a bias voltage on an insulated electrode.

Abstract: A modulator stage of a switched vertical deflection amplifier produces pulse width modulated gating signals obtained by modulating horizontal rate pulses including a ramp portion at a vertical deflection rate. The gating signals control switches coupled between a source of horizontal retrace pulses and a capacitor for charging the capacitor with decreasing and increasing amounts of energy during respective first and second intervals during each vertical trace interval for producing a sawtooth current in a vertical deflection winding coupled to the capacitor. A generator adds a nonlinear component to the ramp portions of the horizontal rate pulses for altering the gain of the amplifier during the vertical trace interval for producing a scanning current with a desired degree of linearity.

Abstract: A travelling wave tube of the kind having clover leaf cavities is provided with a periodic permanent magnetic structure, in which the magnetic material is located within noses projecting into the cavity space. A barrier between the magnetic material and the cavity space defines an evacuated envelope. Because the magnetic material is within the volume swept out by the cavity dimensions, it is positioned very close to the electron beam path.

Abstract: A traveling-wave amplifier tube adapted for use as a booster of transmitted signals has very small internal circuit attenuation so that it may be used without an electron beam as a transparent, passive path for low transmitter power. When the booster tube's beam is excited, the signal is amplified about 10dB. Upper bandedge instabilities in the lossless tube are inhibited by a lower cutoff frequency of the circuit near the output end than near the input end, so that bandedge power can flow both ways out of the large-signal output end.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement comprising a traveling-wave tube mounted in a housing, and a power supply source enclosed by a separate housing.Inventively, all electrical supply lines inside the tube housing are run to a plug mounted in this housing, projecting outward and enclosed by a sleeve of electrically conductive material. The invention further provides for a central singular electrical coupling matrix in the power source, whereby all electrical connecting lines to the traveling-wave tube are combined and connected to the outside via one electrical socket carried by this housing. Both housings can easily be mounted such that, when the plug connection is established, the plug sleeve is compressed. The invention provides a space-savingly designed unit of traveling-wave tube and current supply unit connected to each other with an HF-seal.

Abstract: A traveling wave tube has a helical delay line which is supported by a plurality of dielectric support rods extending along the delay line. The delay line and support rods are housed within a metallic sleeve which has an enlarged diameter in the area of each end of the delay line. In this area at each end of the delay line a respective coupling conductor is connected to the delay line for supplying and discharging HF energy. In order to achieve a low reflection transition between the surge impedance of the delay line and that of the coupling conductor, in the region of at least one of the two ends of the delay line, a metallic matching component is provided which is peferably spot welded to a surface formed at the diameter enlargement, the matching component including an arm which is spot welded to that surface and projections extending from the arm radially inwardly between adjacent support rods and in close proximity to the delay line.

Abstract: A crossed-field amplifier with a beam modulating grid for the electron gun has an auxiliary electrode which modifies the electrostatic field and thus the electron beam adjacent the entrance of the amplifier interaction space. Efficiency is improved and incidence of electrons striking the delay line is reduced.

Abstract: A coupled cavity type traveling wave tube is provided with at least one sever termination means comprising a waveguide extending outwardly from one cavity. A ceramic type attenuator is brazed to the interior surface of one thin wall of the extending waveguide. A ceramic type plate is brazed to the exterior side of the same wall whose thickness is selected to permit the thin wall to undergo plastic deformation as a result of thermal deformation of the ceramic members. An enclosure wall is provided to surround at least the ceramic type plate. The enclosure wall is capable of maintaining a vacuum condition even in the case where the thin wall may develop a leak or hole.Two sever termination means may be provided. The sever termination means may be located on the same side of the coupled cavity type structure or they may be located on the same side and share a common dividing wall, said dividing wall being the aforementioned thin, plastically deformable wall.

Abstract: The deflection system includes a first pair of deflection coils connected in series for moving the beam of a cathode ray tube in a horizontal direction and a second pair of deflection coils having a choke connected in series therebetween with a first capacitor connected in parallel with the choke and one coil and a second capacitor connected in parallel with the choke and the other coil to linearly add a relatively low and a relatively high frequency deflection signal for moving the beam in steps vertically across the cathode ray tube and linearly in small vertical sawtooths between the steps.

Abstract: A coupled cavity type slow-wave structure for use in a travelling-wave tube, in which there are provided at a given spacing a plurality of partition walls within a circular wave-guide, with dielectric cylindrical pieces or spacers being confined between each pair of the aforesaid partition walls and in concentric relation to central apertures defined in the aforesaid partition walls. The dielectric cylindrical pieces are provided with holes slightly larger than the aforesaid central apertures in the partition walls, and the aforesaid central apertures are adapted to pass electron beams therethrough. In addition, the partition walls each have coupling slots, through which adjoining cavities are in communication with each other. The dielectric cylindrical pieces are brazed to the adjacent partition walls in gas-tight relation.

Abstract: In the disclosed attenuation arrangement a plurality of axially extending boron nitride support rods having a substantially rectangular cross-section are disposed about the peripheral surface of a helical slow-wave structure. An attenuating coating is provided on the substantially radially extending opposing lateral surfaces of each rod, with the substantially circumferentially extending opposing lateral rod surfaces being free from attenuating material.

Abstract: As part of a microwave frequency device, such as a traveling wave tube, a novel slow wave structure is presented which comprises an electrically conductive wire formed into a series of interconnected loops which are spaced apart and parallel along a common axis, with said loops being arranged in alternate and intermediate pairs, the ones of said loops in said alternate pairs extending clockwise about said common axis and with the ones of said loops in said intermediate pairs extending counterclockwise about said axis and interconnecting portions of said wires joining ends of adjacent loops together to define a series electrical path which progresses from one end of the wire to the other seriatim through all said loops.

Abstract: A broad-band, low-reflection energy coupling or decoupling with a coupled cavity line in a traveling wave tube, particularly high-efficiency traveling field tubes, in which a rectangular hollow conductor is not loaded, and has the opposed walls thereof, of minimum spacing and greatest width, tapering in a direction toward the delay line, with the spacing between such walls at the delay line being approximately that between adjacent transverse walls defining respective cells of the delay line, an inductive shield being provided within the hollow conductor and spaced from the line axis, the coupling opening at the hollow conductor having an open angle larger than the corresponding angle of the coupling openings in the transverse walls of adjacent line cells.

Abstract: A delay line for traveling wave tubes comprises a rectangular wave guide having cross members which perpendicularly protrude into the wave guide interior extending alternately from two sides facing each other of a first pair of inner wave guide walls. The wave guide inner wall includes a recess extending in the longitudinal direction of the wave guide and disposed symmetrically at both sides of the longitudinal extension of the cross members, at least in the area of their ends. Such a delay line construction provides for the provision of a magnet surrounding the line which may have a comparably small inside diameter.

Abstract: A coupled cavity traveling-wave tube is disclosed wherein each interaction cavity has an oblong configuration in a plane perpendicular to the tube axis. The oblong cavities have a length-to-width ratio of a predetermined value between about 1.2 and 1.6, preferably being about 1.5. Coupling apertures in the end walls separating adjacent interaction cavities extend circumferentially about half way around aligned circular electron beam holes along the tube axis, with the circumferential extremeties of the coupling apertures lying substantially parallel to the length of the oblong interaction cavities.

Abstract: A combined active phased antenna array for satellite solar power station systems includes a plurality of directly coupled microwave energy generators for conversion of the dc power generated by a system of solar energy conversion means to microwave energy. The microwave power is transmitted through space in a narrow beam for capture and rectification at the receiving point. The microwave energy generator devices embodied in the invention are of the crossed field amplifier type having a very high efficiency and extremely long life through the use of a cold cathode secondary emitting electron source. The microwave generated power is transmitted through slotted waveguide radiator arrays with the phase of the energy monitored and corrections are made by phase shifting devices where necessary.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for generating in a color picture display device a sawtooth correction current of line frequency flowing through the line deflection coils and having an amplitude varying at field frequency for the purpose of obtaining a better color superposition in the corners of the screen of the display tube. The circuit arrangement is provided with a modulator which includes an electronic switch switching at the line frequency, which connects a field generator to a resonant circuit during the line scan period, which resonant circuit includes in a parallel arrangement a capacitor and an inductance including the line deflection coil, the period of the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit being substantially twice the line flyback period.

Abstract: In a vertical deflection circuit for use in a television receiver or the like comprising a vertical oscillation circuit, a saw-tooth wave voltage generating circuit connected to the vertical oscillation circuit and a vertical deflection output circuit to which the output from the sawtooth wave voltage generating circuit is supplied, a capacitance circuit or a clamp circuit is advantageously incorporated in the vertical deflection circuit in order to eliminate bad effects on the interlaced scanning arising from the linearity correction loop.

Abstract: A crossed-field device having a plurality of slow wave energy propagating structures, each with an associated cathode, requires relatively low voltage for operation to provide a high power output. Electron beam current control is achieved by means of RF drive signals. Periodic permanent magnet focusing is utilized.

Abstract: A microwave oscillator is provided having electron emissive means and a first surrounding resonant structure. The first structure is fabricated of a material capable of emitting secondary electrons. A second resonant structure surrounds the secondary electron emitter and microwave energy is generated by the interaction between the electrons and currents induced in the structure. The high degree of isolation between the first oscillator section and the second amplifying section results in the generation of stable oscillations relatively free of effects of load variations.

Abstract: Interference oscillations in the frequency ranges around 0.2 MHz and 1 MHz are eliminated in a deflection coil by the provision of an additional circuit element. The additional circuit element can be formed by an additional electrically conductive foil which is connected to the current supply side of the line coil sections or by a capacitor which connects this supply line to the central contacts of the series-connected frame coil sections. The connection of the coil sections with respect to each other should usually be adapted to the winding sense of the coil sections so as to ensure proper elimination of the interference oscillations.

Abstract: An ultra wide band traveling wave tube amplifier is disclosed. The amplifier employs a helix derived slow wave circuit arranged for electromagnetic interaction with a beam of electrons passable axially through the helix circuit. Signals to be amplified within the passband of the circuit interact with the electron stream to produce an amplified output signal which is extracted from the helix and coupled to a suitable utilization device. The bandwidth of the traveling wave tube amplifier is substantially increased by the provision of a conductive circuit loading structure disposed surrounding the helix circuit and extending for at least half of its length and preferably for substantially its entire length.

Abstract: This invention concerns a traveling wave amplifier of pillbox configuration hat can be made for battery operation. It has a high perveance cylindrical electron gun between closely spaced, parallel, flat surfaces of a pair of thin ceramic disks sealed at their perimeters to a conductive collector ring coaxial with the electron gun. One or both of the disks support a novel planar slow wave circuit. The slow wave circuit is termed a ring-bar circuit but differs from cylindrical ring-bar structures. It includes a series of concentric conductive rings. Along one diameter of the rings, to one side of the center of the rings, the first and second, third and fourth, fifth and sixth rings, etc., are conductively connected, and to the other side of the center of the rings, the second and third, fourth and fifth, sixth and seventh rings, etc., are conductively connected.

Abstract: An interdigital delay line for crossed field tubes has vanes extending from their interaction faces to a back wall. One end of each vane extends to the end of the face. The other end is cut out behind the interaction face leaving the face projecting. The interaction impedance is almost as high as that of a line with fingers supported by stubs at their centers, while the thermal dissipation is higher, approaching that of a line with vanes extending over the entire length of the fingers.

Abstract: A traveling wave tube amplifier is disclosed. The amplifier employs a helix derived slow wave circuit arranged for electromagnetic interaction with a stream of electrons for amplifying wave energy applied to the slow wave circuit. A plurality of loading conductors are disposed about the outside surface of the slow wave circuit and extending lengthwise thereof. The conductors are arranged such that the spacing from the conductors to the slow wave circuit decreases toward its downstream end. The conductors are arranged such that they conduct radio frequency currents longitudinally of the slow wave circuit and do not appreciably conduct r.f. current in the direction circumferentially about the axis r.f. power flow on the slow wave circuit. Such loading conductors serve to decrease the phase velocity for wave energy on the circuit over the passband of the circuit. As a result, the interaction efficiency is substantially improved over the passband of the traveling wave tube amplifier.

Abstract: Display system capable of rapidly presenting three dimensional information ith a minimum of signal-to-noise degradation and particularly suitable for use in a high performance radar system. Three two-parameter display units present information on cathode ray tubes which include deflection circuits driven by main and auxiliary staircase sweep generators.

Abstract: A circuit is provided in a traveling-wave tube package which eliminates the need of manually setting the power supply voltage to match the proper operating voltage of the tube. The circuit utilized within the traveling-wave tube package forms a part of the power supply, the remainder of which is provided externally of the traveling-wave tube package. By selecting the proper circuit components, the traveling-wave tube package can be connected without adjustment to a power supply and still operates at the desired voltage.