Abstract: Fluxgate current transducer including a fluxgate device comprising a saturable soft magnetic core and an excitation coil, and a processing circuit comprising a control circuit and a voltage generator connected to the control circuit for generating an alternating current in the excitation coil, the voltage generator generating a voltage oscillating between a maximum positive voltage (+Umax) and a maximum negative voltage (?Umax) configured to alternatingly saturate the soft magnetic core. The control circuit is configured to generate a voltage having an absolute value of amplitude less than an absolute value of said maximum positive voltage (+Umax) and said maximum negative voltage (?Umax) voltage during a variable time window (Tn, Tn+1, Tn+2, Tn+3) after detection of the excitation coil current reaching a threshold current (S3) representative of saturation of the magnetic core during at least a subset of a plurality of alternating voltage periods (P).

Abstract: During an inspection method, an inspection scope is inserted into an interior of an apparatus of a gas turbine engine. An image of the interior of the apparatus is captured to provide/output image data. A location of the inspection scope within the interior of the apparatus when the image is captured is determined to provide location data, where the determining of the location includes comparing the image data to model data from a model of the apparatus. During the course of inspection, movement of the inspection scope is tracked within the interior of the apparatus using the location data. The location data may be derived by feature recognition and/or motion tracking of live feed from a scope video output to features available in a field of view within duplicate CAD model.

Abstract: A metal structure evaluator for rolled steel sheets includes: a magnetic property measuring unit configured to measure a magnetic property of an evaluation target point in at least two or more different magnetization directions by performing, in the at least two or more different magnetization directions, processing of: applying a magnetic field on a surface of a rolled steel sheet in one direction; and measuring a magnetic property of the evaluation target point on the surface of the rolled steel sheet; and a determination unit configured to determine a metal structure of the evaluation target point based on the magnetic property measured by the magnetic property measuring unit.

Abstract: A main detection element detects a physical quantity that changes according to a rotation of a detection target. A sub detection element detects a physical quantity that changes according to the rotation of the detection target. A signal processing unit outputs main rotation information that is information corresponding to a detection value of the main detection element and sub rotation information that is information corresponding to a detection value of the sub detection element. A package seals the main detection element, the sub detection element, and the signal processing unit. Centers of all the main and the sub detection elements are arranged at positions shifted from a detection center of the detection target. The main detection element is arranged at a position closer to the detection center than the sub detection element. The package is arranged at a position where a center of the package deviates from the detection center.

Abstract: A metal structure evaluator for rolled steel sheets includes: a magnetic property measuring unit configured to measure a magnetic property of an evaluation target point in at least two or more different magnetization directions by performing, in the at least two or more different magnetization directions, processing of: applying a magnetic field on a surface of a rolled steel sheet in one direction; and measuring a magnetic property of the evaluation target point on the surface of the rolled steel sheet; and a determination unit configured to determine a metal structure of the evaluation target point based on the magnetic property measured by the magnetic property measuring unit.

Abstract: A transmitter loop is carried by a first aircraft. A receiver sensor is carried by a second aircraft. The first aircraft and the second aircraft fly away from each other. The transmitter loop transmits a primary magnetic field. The transmitted primary magnetic field induces a current in the earth. The induced current generates a secondary magnetic field in the air. The receiver sensor receives the generated secondary magnetic field, and detects strength of the received secondary magnetic field.

Abstract: A super-resolution X-ray shadowgraph system includes an X-ray source, a sample stage, an X-ray detector and an image reconstruction device, which are arranged in sequence. Geometric centers of the X-ray source, the sample stage and the X-ray detector are collinear. The geometric center of the sample stage is provided with a through hole for placing a testing sample, the X-ray source is used for providing X-rays, and the X-rays penetrate the sample stage to form an image on the X-ray detector. The image reconstruction device is used for acquiring the image and performing an image reconstruction on the image to obtain a new image. The shadowgraph system and the imaging method therefor can overcome a deficiency of a lower resolution of the image limited by a size of the source, thereafter obtaining a clear shadowgraph with a high resolution.

Abstract: A transportation system is disclosed. The transportation system includes a vehicle, a plurality of seating assemblies positioned within a passenger compartment of the vehicle and defining an arrangement, a plurality of actuators that effect movement of various components of the plurality of seating assemblies, a plurality of sensors, and a controller. Specific examples of pre-set or pre-programmed arrangements are disclosed, as well as the ability to customize the arrangement. Additionally, exemplary methods are disclosed that illustrate transitions between a variety of the pre-set or pre-programmed arrangements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rotation detection apparatus configured to detect a rotation state of a gear based on a magnetic field change that occurs as the gear is rotated. The rotation detection apparatus includes: a first sensor portion and a second sensor portion each having a magnetic detection element and a covering member configured to cover the magnetic detection element; one permanent magnet arranged between the first sensor portion and the second sensor portion; and a housing portion configured to accommodate the first sensor portion, the second sensor portion and the permanent magnet.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a cell pitch of a fuel cell stack, the fuel cell stack including a plurality of unit cells stacked in a stacking direction, wherein each unit cell has a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) interposed between a pair of metal separators, is provided. The apparatus includes a detector configured to generate a magnetic field in response to application of a current while being moved along the stacking direction of the unit cells, and sense an induced current generated in the separators by the generated magnetic field to detect positions of the separators.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a semiconductor wafer testing system is provided. The semiconductor wafer testing system includes a semiconductor wafer prober having one or more conductive probes, where the semiconductor wafer prober is configured to position the one or more conductive probes on an integrated chip (IC) that is disposed on a semiconductor wafer. The semiconductor wafer testing system also includes a ferromagnetic wafer chuck, where the ferromagnetic wafer chuck is configured to hold the semiconductor wafer while the wafer prober positions the one or more conductive probes on the IC. An upper magnet is disposed over the ferromagnetic wafer chuck, where the upper magnet is configured to generate an external magnetic field between the upper magnet and the ferromagnetic wafer chuck, and where the ferromagnetic wafer chuck amplifies the external magnetic field such that the external magnetic field passes through the IC with an amplified magnetic field strength.

Abstract: A separation assembly for use with handheld metal detectors. According to one aspect, the separation assembly is mounted to a handheld metal detector having a blade containing transmission and receiver components of the handheld metal detector. The separation assembly includes at least a first separation member formed of a nonferromagnetic material, and the first separation member is spaced a lateral separation distance from the blade of the handheld metal detector. The separation assembly may be incorporated as a permanent and integrated part of a handheld metal detector, or separately manufactured and installed on a handheld metal detector.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor circuit includes a plurality of magnetic sensors having bias input and bias output terminals and first and second measurement terminals. The circuit includes a diagnostic sensor having bias input and bias output terminals and first and second measurement terminals. The circuit includes a first multiplexer configured to selectively couple a current source to the bias input terminals of the magnetic sensors or to the bias input terminal of the diagnostic sensor and includes a second multiplexer configured to selectively couple the bias output terminals of the magnetic sensors or the bias output terminal of the diagnostic sensor to a first terminal of a switch. The circuit includes a third multiplexer configured to selectively couple the measurement terminals of the magnetic sensors or the measurement terminals of the diagnostic sensor to differential input terminals of an amplifier.

Abstract: The magnetic material inspection device includes: a differential coil configured to detect a change in a magnetic field of a magnetic material and transmit a differential signal, the differential coil including a pair of receiving coils; a detection coil configured to detect the change in the magnetic field of the magnetic material and transmit a detection signal; and a controller configured to detect a state of the magnetic material based on the differential signal of the differential coil and detect the state of the magnetic material based on the detection signal of the detection coil.

Abstract: Provided is an electromagnetic device for magnetic particle imaging, including: a return yoke having a gap, which extends in a Y direction and forms a magnetic field space; a gradient magnetic field generating unit, which is provided to the return yoke, and is configured to generate, in the magnetic field space, a gradient magnetic field in an X direction, and to form, in the magnetic field space, a zero-field region extending in the Y direction; an alternating magnetic field generating unit, which is provided to the return yoke, and is configured to generate an alternating magnetic field in the magnetic field space; and a rotation mechanism configured to rotate the gradient magnetic field and the alternating magnetic field relative to a subject with a Z direction being a rotation axis.

Abstract: An online automatic measurement system for a claw-pole overall magnetic property comprising: a feeding part, a claw-pole overall magnetic property measurement unit, and a discharging part disposed in sequence, and a robotic arm disposed there among. The robotic arm receives an operation instruction output by a control unit to grab claw poles to be measured in sequence and removes measured claw poles on the claw-pole overall magnetic property measurement unit. The claw-pole overall magnetic property measurement unit outputs a control power supply to the claw-pole overall magnetic property measurement unit according to the instruction of the control unit, receives an induction current of the measured claw poles, and output a measurement result to the control unit.

Abstract: An electromagnetic sensing device comprising: a reference microfluidic reservoir to receive a reference substance with magnetic nanoparticles; an analyte microfluidic reservoir to receive an analyte and magnetic nanoparticles; a first excitation magnetic coil to subject the reference microfluidic reservoir to an alternating magnetic field at a first frequency; a second excitation magnetic coil to subject the analyte microfluidic reservoir to an alternating magnetic field at the first frequency; a third excitation magnetic coil to subject the reference microfluidic reservoir to an alternating magnetic field at a second frequency distinct from the first frequency; a fourth excitation magnetic coil to subject the analyte microfluidic reservoir to an alternating magnetic field at the second frequency; a first detection magnetic coil to detect a response magnetic field of the magnetic nanoparticles in the reference microfluidic reservoir; a second detection magnetic coil to detect a response magnetic field of the

Abstract: Among others, the present invention provides apparatus for detecting a disease, comprising a system delivery biological subject and a probing and detecting device, wherein the probing and detecting device includes a first micro-device and a first substrate supporting the first micro-device, the first micro-device contacts a biologic material to be detected and is capable of measuring at the microscopic level an electric, magnetic, electromagnetic, thermal, optical, acoustical, biological, chemical, physical, or mechanical property of the biologic material.

Abstract: A system for assembling two parts, in particular parts forming the fuselage or the wings of an aircraft, includes a positioning aid guiding positioning tools so as to juxtapose the two parts at the level of an assembly zone. The assembly system further includes a set of eddy current sensors positioned in at least one of the two parts to determine the separation of the two parts at the level of the assembly zone. If the separation does not conform to a predetermined criterion the positioning tools move at least one of the parts.

Abstract: The present invention provides a strong magnetic force and high heat resistance for a magnetic-field forming magnet that applies a magnetic field to a test object to be inspected by an eddy current flaw detection device. A magnetic-field forming magnet for applying a magnetic field to a test object includes a first magnet and a second magnet. The first magnet has a strong magnet force and the second magnet having higher heat resistance than the first magnet is attached to a near end of the first magnet, the end near the test object.

Abstract: A rotational speed sensor arrangement is provided that includes a transmitter wheel, which has signal markers that are spaced apart from one another; a sensor with at least two Hall sensor elements that form a differential Hall sensor and that each output a Hall signal as a function of the position and/or motion of the signal markers; and a signal circuit that determines an output signal based on the Hall signal, and defines a rotational position of the transmitter wheel based on the output signal, wherein the signal markers have radially extending tooth elements with two switching flanks, and the switching flanks converge in a switching edge. A drive shaft arrangement, an internal combustion engine, and a motor vehicle are also provided.

Abstract: An angle sensor includes first and second detection units and an angle detection unit. Each of the first and second detection units generates two detection signals. The first and second detection units are arranged in a positional relationship that establishes predetermined phase relationships among the detection signals they generate. The angle detection unit includes first and second computing circuits and an angle computing unit. The first and second computing circuits generate first and second signals in each of which an error component corresponding to a fifth harmonic contained in the detection signals is reduced. The angle computing unit calculates a detected angle value on the basis of the first and second signals. The angle computing unit performs correction processing for reducing an error occurring in the detected angle value due to an error component corresponding to a third harmonic contained in the detection signals.

Abstract: Apparatuses and sensor systems are described with magnetoresistive sensor configurations. An example magnetoresistive sensor configuration includes an input feed that receives an electrical current, magnetic field detection circuitry in electrical communication with the input feed, and a feedback connection in electrical communication with the magnetic field detection circuitry and the input feed. The magnetic field detection circuitry transitions between a released state and an operated state in response to an external magnetic source. The configuration further includes an electrical storage element in electrical communication with the input feed that maintains a minimum operating voltage and current within the magnetoresistive sensor in an instance in which the magnetic field detection circuitry is operated.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a magnetoresistive device may include forming a first ferromagnetic region, forming an intermediate region on or above the first ferromagnetic region. The intermediate region may be formed of a dielectric material and include nitrogen. The method may also include forming a second ferromagnetic region on or above the intermediate region.

Abstract: The method comprises the steps of: first, providing a sensor, the sensor consisting of a group of PCB copper foils; second, providing a depth detection signal Ftest which can change the detection frequency along with the change in detection depth, and applying the depth detection signal Ftest to the big and small polar plates of the sensor in the step S01 to form an electromagnetic field between the big polar plate and the small polar plates; third, providing a self-calibration signal Fcal acting on the big polar plate, to adjust a phase difference between the big polar plate and the small polar plates, thereby improving the detection sensitivity; and finally, performing shaping and phase comparison on signals output from the big and small polar plates driven by the depth detection signal Ftest, and processing signals output after filtering the phase-compared signals to judge the condition of a medium at the current detection depth.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for cell separation. The system includes: a cartridge having a polygonal shape in cross section and including an injection part, a separation chip separating a flow channel of a sample injected through the injection part, and a discharge part; and a base plate coupled to the cartridge through its upper surface and including a magnetic chip for cancer cell capture, liquid sensors, and valves.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a small-sized metal detection sensor for detecting fine metal contaminants, using an electromagnetic induction detection technique. A metal detection sensor for 20 detecting metal 14 contained in an object under inspection moving through a passageway 18 comprises: magnets 24, 26 generating static magnetic field; and a coil 30 for detecting a magnetic field 28 generated by the metal 14. The magnets 24, 26 are located outside of the coil 30 along its axial direction, and the coil 30 is located outside of the magnets 24, 26 along the axial direction connecting the N poles and the S poles of the magnets 24, 26. The magnets 24, 26 are opposed to the coil 30.

Abstract: A rotation angle detector includes a magnet arranged to rotate, and a magnetic detection circuit provided with a first pair of magnetic detection elements arranged to be in combination sensitive to a first magnetic field in circumferential direction to the first surface and to a second magnetic field in normal direction to the first surface and arranged away from the rotation axis, and configured to detect magnetic flux of the magnet. A second pair of magnetic detection elements are arranged to be in combination sensitive to the first magnetic field in circumferential direction to the first surface and to the second magnetic field in normal direction to the first surface. A signal processing unit is configured to output a signal representative of a rotation angle of the magnet based on outputs of the first and second pair of magnetic detection elements.

Abstract: A method and a system for scanning an elongate structure. A scan of the elongate structure with a fluid in a cavity of the elongate structure is received. The scan is generated by a scanner using an x-ray beam. Data in the scan is filtered to remove a portion of the data in the scan attributable to the fluid to form filtered data, enabling detecting an inconsistency on a wall of the elongate structure in the filtered data.

Abstract: A system, method and computer readable medium are provided. One system includes a transmit antenna, at least one receive antenna, and a controller configured to operate the transmit antenna and the at least one receive antenna to acquire coupled signal information from a device under test. The system also includes a processor configured to approximate a shape of a structure within the device under test using changes in resonance determined from the coupled reflected signal information and caused by different materials forming the structure.

Abstract: A magnetic particle imaging device is provided. The device includes a magnetic field source configured to produce a magnetic field having a non-saturating magnetic field region, an excitation signal source configured to produce an excitation signal in the non-saturating magnetic field region that produces a detectable signal from magnetic particles in the non-saturating magnetic field region, and a signal processor configured to convert a detected signal into an image of the magnetic particles. Aspects of the present disclosure also include methods of imaging magnetic particles in a sample, and methods of producing an image of magnetic particles in a subject. The subject devices and methods find use in a variety of applications, such as medical imaging applications.

Abstract: A micro-magnetic detecting method includes the steps of: detecting a magnetic induction intensity along a first direction on a surface of a detected object to generate a detection signal, determining whether an amplitude of the detection signal is an anomalous value at a first position of the surface of the detected object, wherein the anomalous value is a value which is inconsistent with a linear value of the detection signal at the first position, and the linear value is a value that satisfies a linear relationship of the detection signal, and determining there is a defect at the first position of the detected object in case that the amplitude of the detection signal is the anomalous value. Accordingly, it detects the magnetic induction intensity on the surface of the detected object so as to detect its surface and internal defects when it remains in its original status.

Abstract: An angle sensor system includes a magnetic field generation unit for generating a rotating magnetic field, and an angle sensor for detecting the rotating magnetic field to generate a detected angle value. The rotating magnetic field contains first and second magnetic field components orthogonal to each other. Each of the first and second magnetic field components contains an ideal magnetic field component, and an error component corresponding to the fifth harmonic of the ideal magnetic field component. The angle sensor includes first and second detection signal generation units. Each of the first and second detection signal generation units includes a magnetic layer whose magnetization direction varies according to the direction of the rotating magnetic field. The magnetic layer is provided with a magnetic anisotropy that is set to reduce an angular error resulting from the error components of the first and second magnetic field components.

Abstract: A system for determining characteristics of a specific region within an inhomogeneous dielectric specimen by guiding propagation of electric fields through the inhomogeneous dielectric specimen is provided herein. Various embodiments include at least one source of electromagnetic energy for generating electromagnetic waveforms, the electromagnetic waveforms comprising electric fields propagating along a prescribed path that defines a series of spatial regions through which the electric fields propagate. In some embodiments the prescribed path includes electric field modulating elements that determine a rate of electric field propagation along the prescribed path. Some embodiments include a plurality of conductors for guiding the electric field propagation through an inhomogeneous dielectric specimen in the prescribed path, the electric fields spanning between two or more of the plurality of conductors as the electric fields propagate along the prescribed path.

Abstract: A spintronic memory device having a spin momentum-locking (SML) channel, a nanomagnet structure (NMS) disposed on the SML, and a plurality of normal metal electrodes disposed on the SML. The magnetization orientation of the NMS is controlled by current injection into the SML through normal metal electrode. The magnetization orientation of the NMS is determined by measuring voltages across the NMS and the SML while flowing charge current through the SML via the normal metal electrodes.

Abstract: Some examples described herein may include receiving, by a sensor device, differential measurement signals from at least two sensor elements; generating, by the sensor device, fixed-calibrated channels from the differential measurement signals, generating, by the sensor device, self-calibrated channels from the differential measurement signals; determining, by the sensor device, offsets associated with the differential measurement signals based on the self-calibrated channels; determining, by the sensor device, whether a vibration occurred within the differential measurement signals based on the fixed-calibrated channels; and providing, by the sensor device, phase measurement information based on the offsets and whether the vibration occurred, wherein the phase measurement information identifies a phase of the rotatable object.

Abstract: A technique facilitates monitoring of pipe, such as coiled tubing. The monitoring may be used to detect conditions which occur within the pipe itself or in components employed along an interior of the pipe. A magnetic sensor system is positioned along an exterior of the pipe, e.g. coiled tubing. During relative movement between the pipe and the magnetic sensor system, the magnetic sensor system monitors for the condition, e.g. change/abnormality, of interest. In some applications, the magnetic sensor system is used to monitor changes in a physical property of the pipe, and/or a component within the pipe, during a succession of operations employing the pipe.

Abstract: Provided is a conveyor belt wear monitoring system including a non-contact sensor arranged facing a surface of an upper cover rubber. A distance to the surface of the upper cover rubber is detected using the non-contact sensor in a predetermined range in a belt width direction of the upper cover rubber of the traveling conveyor belt. An amount of wear of the upper cover rubber is obtained by comparing the detection data with pre-stored reference data.

Abstract: Detection of contained metal contained in an article can be carried out with a high sensitivity with a simple operation in a limited space. A transmission coil 42 that generates a magnetic field for inspection from an upper surface side through a lower surface side of a placing table 21 and a plurality of magnetic sensors 43 for detecting the magnetic field are provided in a head 40 disposed on a lower surface side of the placing table 21 for placing an article which is an inspection object. When the head 40 is scanned so as to cover the entire lower surface-side region of the placing table 21, metal being contained in the article placed on the placing table 21 is detected on the basis of a change in the magnetic field being detected by the magnetic sensors 43.

Abstract: A receiver and a common-mode voltage calibration method thereof are provided. The receiver includes sensing circuits, a phase comparator, and a self-calibration circuit. The phase comparator compares phase relationships of the latch results at the output terminals of the sensing circuits during a testing period to produce a phase comparison result. During the testing period, the self-calibration circuit provides the same differential signal to the input terminals of these sensing circuits, and sets common-mode levels at the input terminals of these sensing circuits to be different from one another. The self-calibration circuit determines a calibrated common-mode level based on the phase comparison result. The self-calibration circuit sets the common-mode levels at the input terminals of these sensing circuits to be equal to the calibrated common-mode level during a normal operation period.

Abstract: A conductivity distribution derivation method for deriving a conductivity distribution within a battery having an electrode plate that is flat includes: obtaining magnetic field information indicating a magnetic field; and deriving, based on a plurality of relational expressions which (i) an x component of a magnetic field vector in an x direction parallel to the electrode plate, (ii) a y component of the magnetic field vector in a y direction parallel to the electrode plate and perpendicular to the x direction, (iii) the conductivity distribution on a two-dimensional plane parallel to the electrode plate, and (iv) an electric potential distribution on a two-dimensional plane parallel to the electrode plate satisfy, the conductivity distribution that satisfies the plurality of relational expressions with respect to the magnetic field information.

Abstract: A method of operation of a variable frequency metal detector having a driver circuit for establishing an alternating magnetic field in a coil system so as to generate an output signal at a given frequency, said driver circuit comprises a plurality of switches being arranged to cause the coil system to be driven at a frequency determined by the operation of the plurality switches, the method comprising the steps of generating an adjustable balance signal, combining the adjustable balance signal with the output signal of the detector, and varying the adjustable balance signal so as to provide a compensated signal whereby the output signal and/or the adjustable balance signal is filtered to remove one or more harmonics.

Abstract: In a method, device and magnetic resonance apparatus for determining basic shim settings for shim elements of a magnetic resonance scanner of the apparatus, an optimization function is established in a processor, which includes multiple optimization parameters, including a first optimization parameter that designates a homogeneity value of a spatial distribution of the basic magnetic field in the scanner, and a second optimization parameter that designates a value of a force acting on the shim elements. The processor is configured to calculate the spatial distribution of the shim elements by minimizing the optimization function, dependent on the first and second parameters. Shim settings for the scanner are determined using the calculated spatial distribution of the shim elements.

Abstract: For locating a ferromagnetic object, a device has a non-magnetic housing with a perimeter wall, a front surface, and a rear surface. The perimeter wall defines a chamber within the housing. A stop element is located within the chamber between the front surface and the rear surface. A magnet element is housed within the chamber and is movable between a resting position, where the magnet element is proximate the stop element, and an active position, where the magnet element is proximate the front surface. The device has a mechanism for returning the magnet element to the resting position in the absence of a ferromagnetic object located proximate the front end of the device.

Abstract: A mobile emergency light device includes a casing (1), a moving closure cover (2), a translucent lens (3), an electronic circuit board (5) for control, and a combined reflector (4), in which the combined reflector (4) has an inverted bell shape and is open at both ends, in which the electronic circuit board is securely connected to the combined reflector (4), and provided with a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LED), suitably angled towards the combined reflector (4), and in which the casing (1) forms inside this a cylindrical cavity (13), whose interior houses an automatic switch, driven by the base of the casing approaching a ferromagnetic material.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a field effect transistor supported on an oxide layer of a substrate, the field effect transistor having a doped source (p+ doped for T-FET and n+ doped for FET) and an n+ doped drain separated by an channel region (intrinsic for T-FET or slightly p-doped for FET), and a floating gate separated from the channel region by a gate oxide, a passivation layer covering the floating gate, and a sensing layer supported by the passivation layer, the sensing layer comprising nanofibers.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for detecting a presence of an object. In one aspect an apparatus for detecting a presence of an object is provided. The apparatus includes a sense coil formed from a conductor having a predetermined shape configured to attenuate currents induced in the conductor by an external time-varying magnetic field. The sense coil has an electrical characteristic that varies as a function of the presence of the object. The apparatus comprises a detection circuit coupled to the sense coil and configured to detect the presence of the object in response to detecting a difference between a measured value of the electrical characteristic and a reference value for the electrical characteristic. The reference value for the electrical characteristic is substantially the same as the measured value of the electrical characteristic in the absence of the object over at least a portion of the sense coil.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetizing apparatus including: a placing table configured to place thereon a storage container storing a plurality of substrates; a magnetizing chamber configured to accommodate the storage container and apply a magnetic field to the plurality of substrates in the storage container; and a conveying mechanism configured to convey the storage container from the placing table into the magnetizing chamber.

Abstract: An aspect of the present disclosure may provide a defect detection apparatus and method for a steel plate, in which a defect in a steel plate may be detected, and particularly, only an inner defect in the steel plate may be detected, even with a relatively low amplification rate.

Abstract: A method for detecting an electrically conductive target in soil using a metal detector, including the steps of: processing a receive signal using at least two different functions for producing at least two processed signals, each of the processed signals is at least partly insensitive to at least one unwanted signal due to the soil or an electromagnetic interference noise; determining a noise level of each of the at least two processed signals for producing at least two noise signals; and producing, from at least one of the at least two processed signals, an indicator output signal indicative of the presence of the electrically conductive target when the electrically conducting target is within the influence of a transmit magnetic field transmitted by the metal detector; wherein the step of producing an indicator output signal is dependent upon characteristics of the at least two noise signals.