Abstract: Systems and methods for managing power distribution from in-home electrical wiring are disclosed. In one embodiment, a power splitter device includes a an electrical input source connection with a first input line and a second input line for two hot phases of alternating current electricity, a primary electrical output and a secondary electrical output, the primary electrical output having a first primary output line and a second primary output line and the secondary electrical output having a first secondary output line and a second secondary output line, a first, second, third, and fourth current sensor, a first relay and a second relay, and a control logic microprocessor configured to receive measurements of current, determine an overcurrent condition based upon measurements of current over a period of time and disconnect power from the secondary electrical output connection based upon a determined overcurrent condition.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for determining causal models for controlling environments.

Abstract: An antenna device includes: multiple H-bridge circuits each of which including a first switch set and a second switch set connected in parallel with one another; a single connection antenna element connected between a point disposed between the two switching elements of the first switch set included in one H-bridge circuit and a point disposed between the two switching elements of the second switch set included in the one H-bridge circuit; and a multiple connection antenna element connected between a point disposed between the two switching elements of the first switch set included in the one H-bridge circuit and a point disposed between the two switching elements of the second switch set included in a different H-bridge circuit.

Abstract: The method for warning of risk of rupture or deformation of a part made of a composite material when it is subjected to a force relates to a part including a fibre-reinforced thermoplastic or thermohardenable matrix. The method includes arranging the fibers in a lattice structure produced by winding fibers to form bars that join together or intersect at nodes. The method includes designing at least one bar of the lattice and/or integrating, into the part, at least one additional bar with a determined location and tensile strength and associating, with the at least one bar, inside the part, a sensor to detect the rupture thereof. The method further includes associating, with the sensor, an emitter, outside the part, for a signal relating to the rupture.

Abstract: A turbo-boost controlled intake system is disclosed that provides a driver of a vehicle with greater control over vehicle performance. The turbo-boost controlled intake system includes a control module that is coupled with an aircharger air intake. The control module instructs an electronic control unit of the vehicle to increase manifold pressure to a higher level before releasing the pressure through a waste gate so as to provide a greater power output of the engine. The turbo-boost controlled intake system further includes a wiring harness and a signal adjuster. The wiring harness couples the control module with a turbo inlet pressure sensor, a manifold absolute pressure sensor, and an electronic control unit of the vehicle. The signal adjuster includes a rheostat that enables manual adjustment of the power output of the engine.

Abstract: A method of diagnosing connectivity and operational problems between a digital parallel RGB video input device and a digital parallel RGB video display includes transmitting control signals from the input device to the display device, executing the control signals on the display device, generating and transmitting diagnostic signals to a diagnostics processor, and determining if the display is functioning correctly.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a line for a change in ambient conditions. The line includes a measurement line of a predetermined length which has a measuring conductor enclosed in an insulation with a known dielectric coefficient. An analog signal of defined frequency is generated and injected at a feed site. The signal is reflected at a predetermined reflection site and a resulting signal amplitude is measured at a defined measuring point. A measure for the ambient condition, particularly a temperature, is determined from the signal amplitude.

Abstract: A dielectric alert system and method for an aerial device including a boom having both insulative and conductive members is disclosed. Specifically, an ion-density detection system measures the potential for a dielectric breakdown in the environment of an insulative aerial system. The ion-density detection device can be a UV sensor or a UV camera. If data is received indicating the possibility of dielectric breakdown of the insulative portion, warnings are issued to an operator, crew, or any other interested party.

Abstract: A device for detecting a defect in an insulating material to be measured, may include a case having a test chamber in which the insulating material is accommodated; a withstand voltage tester applying a voltage to the insulating material accommodated in the test chamber; a plurality of X-ray modules disposed in the test chamber and irradiating X-rays toward different regions or in different directions; and a partial discharge sensor measuring a partial discharge generated from the insulating material accommodated in the test chamber.

Abstract: A semiconductor circuit according to the present embodiment comprises a driving circuit, a determining circuit, and a control circuit. The driving circuit includes a first switching element, a second switching element, a third switching element, and a fourth switching element. The comparing circuit compares a potential of the one terminal of the load or a potential of the other terminal of the load. The determining circuit determines, based on output of the comparing circuit, either one or both of a state of the load and a state of the driving circuit. The control circuit controls the driving circuit.

Abstract: The disclosed method detects anomalies in an electrical network. An ohmic matrix model of the network is initially generated from consumption measurements produced by meters connected to a same transformer. The model has currents carried by the meters as input, relative voltage drops of the meters referenced to a voltage of a reference node located on the network as output, and resistive quantities initially determined by currents and voltages based on the consumption measurements as matrix terms, the relative voltage being a voltage difference between a voltage determined for a meter and an average of voltages determined for a set of meters of the network. The model is iteratively modified according to detected anomalies, and a diagnosis of the network characterizing the detected anomalies is provided.

Abstract: A method for generating an error signal indicating an error type of an error in a multi-phase electrical energy supply network. Measured values describe a current operating state of the network. The measured values are transmitted to a protection device. An evaluating device evaluates every possible loop of the network that can be affected with respect to the recognition of the error type of an error, by using the measured values. In order to be able to more reliably recognize the error type even under different network conditions, the measured values and/or values derived from the measured values are evaluated using at least two different protection criteria, for every possible loop. Each of the protection criteria is suitable for indicating an error type of an error present in the evaluated loop, and the error signal is generated in consideration of all available evaluation results of the protection criteria.

Abstract: A method for identifying an outgoing circuit having an earth fault in a three-phase power supply system, wherein a zero voltage and zero currents of outgoing circuits are measured and stored, where a space vector representation of the zero voltage and an active component of the space vector representation of zero currents are determined and, after determining an earth fault at a first time, a second time at which the space vector representation of the zero voltage has a local minimum and a third time at which the space vector representation of the zero voltage has a local maximum are determined, where the trapezoidal sum of the active component of the space vector representation of the zero currents is determined and used to determine the outgoing circuit having the earth fault via comparison with a predefined variable threshold value, an earth fault being determined if this threshold value is exceeded.

Abstract: As fiber networks are extended closer to the subscriber, 5G small cell, multi-dwelling units, and office buildings, in some applications Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) becomes an extension for the fiber network over the last 100 to 300 meters of twisted wire-pair telephone lines. Utilizing techniques such as bonding of coterminous twisted wire-pairs, increasing the bandwidth into the VHF spectrum, emerging 5th generation DSL technology is poised to deliver aggregate bandwidth approaching 10 Gb/s. Underpinning the capability to reach these speeds over twisted wire-pair, requires Vectored DSL to cancel Far-End crosstalk (FEXT); the dominant impairment to high-speed DSL. Improving on current Vectored DSL technology, both one-sided and two-sided, through utilization of Single-Ended Vectored DSL to cancel FEXT offers significant improvements to several aspects of deploying DSL at gigabit speeds.

Abstract: A method and a display device for detecting connection failure of display driver IC (102, 202, 204, 302, 304). A display device comprises a display driver IC (102, 202, 204, 302, 304); a loop antenna (310); a detecting unit (312) coupled with the loop antenna (310) for detecting a frequency of a coupled signal on the loop antenna (310); and a processor (314) configured to control the display driver IC (102, 202, 204, 302, 304) to send a signal including a predetermined frequency to a scanning line or a data line of the display device; and analyze the frequency of the coupled signal on the loop antenna (310) to determine a connection failure of the display driver IC (102, 202, 204, 302, 304) corresponding to the scanning line or the data line. A solution for failure detection/diagnostic of the bonding issue of the display driver IC (102, 202, 204, 302, 304) of the display device.

Abstract: Methods and systems for automatically mitigating risks of damage caused by the breaking of a circuit are provided. A smart home controller and/or insurance provider remote processor may analyze data received from a smart device disposed on, within, or proximate to a property associated with monitoring the flow of electricity. If it is determined that a risk of damage due to the flow of electricity being cut off repeatedly exists, the smart home controller or remote processor may automatically generate a repair request to schedule a repair event that mitigates the risks. The smart home controller may transmit information about the risks to a homeowner and/or an insurance provider. The insurance provider remote processor may interpret the transmitted data and perform insurance activities, such as providing a discount or premium, and/or adjusting an insurance policy associated with the property based upon the insured property being equipped with risk mitigation functionality.

Abstract: A monitoring system contains a safety cable that has at least one line along which a fault sensor device extends. The safety cable has a capacitor with two electrodes and an inductor which is made of a conductor that is electrically connected to one of the electrodes such that a series resonant circuit is formed. By ascertaining a resonant frequency of the series resonant circuit, the state of the safety cable, in particular the wear of the safety cable, is determined and a possible future fault is predicted in particular. A corresponding safety cable in particular in the form of a prefabricated material available by the meter and a method for operating the monitoring system are described.

Abstract: A system for recycling a mobile device. A system configured in accordance with one embodiment of the present technology includes an electrical connector and testing electronics. The electrical connector is configured to be electrically connected to a mobile device, and the testing electronics are configured to produce an electrical measurement by measuring an electrical attribute associated with a hardware component of the mobile device over the electrical connector. The system is further configured to valuate, identify, and/or authenticate the mobile device based at least in part on the electrical measurement.

Abstract: A complete injection signal is provided having a digital spectrum formed from components weighted by a set of coefficients, in a preliminary step, the coefficients of the components included within a frequency band are attenuated resulting in an incomplete digital spectrum being obtained; in a next step, the analog signal composed from the incomplete digital spectrum is injected into the electrical line; in a next step, the echo corresponding to the injected signal is measured; in a next step, the digital spectrum of the echo is calculated; in a next step, the digital spectrum of the echo of the complete analog signal if the latter had been injected is estimated, the kth component of the estimated complete digital spectrum being equal to the kth component of the digital spectrum of the echo received multiplied by the ratio between the kth component of the digital spectrum of the complete injection signal over the kth component of the incomplete digital spectrum; in a next step, the measurement of the reflecto

Abstract: A system disaggregates and estimates power consumption of electric loads powered by a single electrical outlet. The system includes a processor having a routine; a current sensor cooperating with the processor to measure samples for one line cycle of an aggregated current waveform for the electric loads powered by the single electrical outlet; and a voltage sensor cooperating with the processor to measure samples for the one line cycle of a voltage waveform for the electric loads powered by the single electrical outlet. The processor routine transfers the measured samples for the one line cycle of the aggregated current waveform and the voltage waveform into an aggregated voltage-current trajectory for the single electrical outlet, and provides an instantaneous decomposition of power consumption for a plurality of different categories of the electric loads from the aggregated voltage-current trajectory for the one line cycle.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic light emitting display device. In a sensing mode of sensing a threshold voltage of a driving transistor, when ripple occurs in a driving voltage applied to a drain of the driving transistor, an error may occur in the sensed threshold voltage. Therefore, when sensing a threshold voltage of a driving transistor, the display device corrects a threshold voltage of a driving transistor of each pixel included in a horizontal line having an error caused by a ripple of a driving voltage, to a threshold voltage of each pixel included in another horizontal line.

Abstract: A test fixture for testing performance of a trimmed cable and/or antenna components. The test fixture may be connected without the use of solder allowing for accurate testing or tuning of one or more the antenna components.

Abstract: A network device operable to receive and forward communications over a network through at least a first network connection and a second network connection. The network device includes a bypass module having a first device network connection and a second device network connection. A controller is operative to receive control signals originating external to the network device, and to selectively switch switching elements of the bypass module between a bypass state and a connected state based on the received control signals. The first network connection and the second network connection in communication with the first device network connection and the second device network connection in the connected state. The first network connection and the second network connection in communication with each other establishing a bypass communication path in the bypass state.

Abstract: A partial discharge sensor includes: a first ground (1) that constitutes a closed space (3) to surround a high-voltage wire (2); and a cylindrical branch pipe (4) disposed at the first ground (1) to protrude to an outer space to house with a lid (8) a first metal container (6) having at least one hole through which gas can pass, and having a slit (12) formed on the side to the space (3); at one end of a coaxial wire (7) disposed in the container (6), an outer conductor (9) of the coaxial wire (7) is connected to the first metal container (6) at a portion near the center of the slit (12), and an inner conductor (10) of the coaxial wire (7) is connected to the first metal container (6) at an opposite portion to a position where the outer conductor (9) is connected across the slit (12).

Abstract: A high-voltage transformer module includes a transformer core including at least one winding, and a mechanical supporting structure having the transformer core integrated permanently therein. The mechanical supporting structure has corner points arranged in the form of a right-parallelepiped. The corner points are in the form of load transfer points and are arranged corresponding to the dimensions of a CSC (International Convention for Safe Containers) container.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided for determining a modeled age of a mufti-core processor. For each core in a set of cores in the multi-core processor, a determination is made of a temperature, a voltage, and a frequency at regular intervals for a set of degradations and a set of voltage domains, thereby forming the modeled age of the multi-core processor. A determination is made as to whether the modeled age of the multi-core processor is greater than an end-of-life value. Responsive to the modeled age of the multi-core processor being greater than an end-of-life value, an indication is sent that the multi-core processor requires replacement.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing an electrical lead to an electrode of a sensor element, for sensing at least one property of a measured gas in a measured gas space, in particular for sensing a proportion of a gas component in the measured gas or a temperature of the measured gas, is described. A measured signal indicating an internal resistance of a pump cell of the sensor element is investigated for regularity upon switching on of the control unit. Upon identification of at least one irregularity of the measured signal, a suspected fault in the lead is identified and at least one substitute action is taken. The substitute action is selected from: an application of control to the heating element which is provided for a fault situation, a check of the validity of the measured signal, and a monitoring of the heating element. A sensor apparatus is also described.

Abstract: Adjustable data rate data communications may be provided. First, a plurality of remote data rates at which a remote device is configured to operate may be received. Then, a plurality of local data rates at which a local device is configured to operate may be received. A greatest one of the plurality of local data rates may comprise a cable data rate comprising a greatest rate supported by a length of cable connecting the local device and the remote device. Next, an operating data rate may be determined. The operating data rate may comprise a highest one of the plurality of local data rates that has a corresponding equivalent within the plurality of remote data rates. The local device may then be operated at the operating data rate.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to systems, devices, and methods for testing communication lines. In certain aspects, the invention provides systems and devices that include a digital/analog converter configured to operate with a computer processor and memory to send or receive an analog signal over a communication line that includes a plurality of signals having known frequencies. Inbound receiving sub-systems or devices sample the analog signal and measure a quality of the sampled, digital signal to evaluate the communication line. The key differentiator is the recognition that the human mouth and ear are intrinsically analog without encryption. By locating the test device as close to the user as possible, this system incorporates testing of complex communication streams including numerous variables and transforms (e.g. encryption, Analog to digital, Voice over IP, packet switching, ATM, SONET). Ultimately, it provides a simple interface to convert qualitative analysis to quantitative (numerical) analysis.

Abstract: A method of detecting a wire break in a high voltage generating device that is configured to detect a wire breakage in a low-voltage cable is disclosed. The method of a wire break includes: detecting whether a wire break has occurred in each of the lines in accordance with a combination pattern of whether the time differential value of an IM signal value of a CW circuit obtained when an operating voltage is boosted is positive, negative, or 0, and whether the time differential value of a VM signal value obtained after the operating voltage is boosted by the CW circuit is positive, negative, or 0; and identifying which of the lines is broken.

Abstract: A display device, which can prevent defects in a drive power transmission line and damage which is caused to a common electrode by such defects, and a method for detecting line defects of the display device are provided. The display device includes a plurality of drive power transmission lines for transmitting drive power to pixels, at least one defect detection line that crosses at least one drive power transmission line, and a defect detector for outputting a defect detection signal to the at least one defect detection line, collecting a feedback signal generated from the defect detection line according to the defect detection signal, and determining whether or not there is a defect in the at least one drive power transmission line based on comparison between the defect detection signal and the feedback signal.

Abstract: Disclosed are advances in the arts with novel methods and apparatus for detecting faulty connections in an electrical system. Exemplary preferred embodiments include basic, ASIC, AC, DC, and RF monitoring techniques and systems for monitoring signals at one or more device loads and analyzing the monitored signals for determining fault conditions at the device loads and/or at the main transmission lines. The invention preferably provides the capability to test and monitor electrical interconnections without fully activating the host system.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing a cable or other capacitive load object with a VLF alternating cosine square, rectangular or trapezoidal test voltage, includes one or two DC voltage sources and a switching arrangement controlled by a measuring and control unit, to produce the test voltage with alternating switched polarity. The apparatus further includes a choke coil serving as an energy store, which is controlled by a switching element to be activated if the voltage/time slope arising during the switch-over after a respective half-wave of the test voltage falls below a defined threshold value.

Abstract: A test arrangement is provided for AC testing of electrical high voltage components including at least one inverter, at least one test transformer and at least one high-voltage inductor arranged as test components in a common cuboid container. The at least one high-voltage inductor is at least partly removable from the container through at least one opening on a boundary surface of the container by means of a movement apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ground rod testing device for ground characteristic analysis. The ground rod testing device according to the present invention includes: an impulse generator generating an impulse waveform; a testing chamber accommodating the ground rod in which the impulse waveform is applied and a conductive fluid; a sensor for sensing the impulse waveform output from the ground rod; and a measuring instrument for measuring the impulse waveform sensed by the sensor.

Abstract: Data associated with at least one building condition or status is sensed by one or more sensors. The data from these sensors may be sent over a data bus and received by the central computer. In addition, a modulated signal may be transmitted by one or both of the transmitters across the data bus. The modulated signal is received at the receiver, which analyzes the received modulated signal, and determines whether an intermittent fault has occurred on the data bus based upon the analyzing. For example, the receiver may compare the received signal to an expected pattern and when a discrepancy exists, an intermittent fault is determined to exist. The receiver may also determine the location of the fault based upon the analysis.

Abstract: A system including: a cable including: a core capable of transporting at least one useful electric signal; a sheath surrounding said core; at least one conductive wear detection strand embedded in the sheath and substantially extending along the entire length of the cable; and at least one reference conductive element which is not connected to said at least one wear detection strand and substantially extends along the entire cable length; and a control unit capable of measuring the capacitance or the resistance formed between said at least one strand and the reference conductive element.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus is connected to a cable to perform testing and diagnosis of the cable. The measuring apparatus includes a voltage source, a resistance, a switch, and an inductance forming a charging circuit, and two anti-parallel thyristors or switched diodes together with the inductance forming a series resonant circuit loop. The apparatus produces a low frequency alternating voltage signal train including a low frequency test signal followed by a low frequency diagnostic signal. The diagnostic signal is a damped decaying signal oscillation in the resonant circuit connected to the test cable. At least one of the signals is bipolar. Both cable testing and cable diagnosis can be performed using the same single measuring apparatus in a single measuring procedure.

Abstract: Provided is a method of detecting a state of a power cable in an inverter system. The method includes detecting a direct current (DC)-link voltage value of a DC-link capacitor included in an inverter, detecting a battery voltage value of a battery supplying a DC power to the inverter, comparing the DC-link voltage value with the battery voltage value, and determining the state of the power cable connecting the inverter to the battery to be abnormal when a difference between the DC-link voltage value and the battery voltage value is out of a preset range.

Abstract: A method of predicting an electrical fault in an electrical network, wherein a signal indicative of a transmission is received, compared to a reference signal, a determination is made and if the comparison suggests a fault, indicating the determination of the fault.

Abstract: The time required for a success or failure determination step and the precision of the success or failure determination step are optimized by determining region-based connector or wiring information and by adjusting increase and decrease of the number of such patterns. Region-based connector or wiring information is created for at least every described region in numbers equal to the number of combinations of a first wire harness, a second wire harness, and a third wire harness. The first wire harness is one of first wire harnesses arrangeable in Main 1, the second wire harness is one of second wire harnesses arrangeable in Main 2, and the third wire harness is one of third wire harnesses arrangeable in Sub, and presence or absence of error in connection of electric wires is inspected in the created region-based connector or wiring information.

Abstract: Tampering with an electricity network is detected from an electricity meter by transmitting a probe signal over at least part of the electricity network (12) from a signal source (106a) in the electricity meter (10). A reflected signal produced by reflection of the probe signal in the electricity network (12) is received back. The reflected signal is compared with a reference signal. An alarm signal is generated when said comparing detects a deviation between the reflection signal and the reference signal, in particular when reflections from a new position on the electricity network near the electricity meter are detected.

Abstract: A diagnostic system for detecting faults in electrical wiring, and manufacturing method thereof is provided. The diagnostic system includes a diagnostic sensor coupled to a data acquisition system. The diagnostic sensor includes a sensor housing with a flexible coil sensor disposed inside. The sensor housing includes a base portion, lid portion, and a joining portion, wherein one end of the lid portion is detachably coupled to a first end of the base portion and another end of the lid portion is coupled to a second end of the base portion via the joining portion. The diagnostic sensor further includes a connector coupled to the flexible coil sensor.

Abstract: An in-situ system for detecting damage in an electrically conductive wire. The system includes a substrate at least partially covered by a layer of electrically conductive material forming a continuous or non-continuous electrically conductive layer connected to an electrical signal generator adapted to delivering electrical signals to the electrically conductive layer. Data is received and processed to identify damage to the substrate or electrically conductive layer. The electrically conductive material may include metalized carbon fibers, a thin metal coating, a conductive polymer, carbon nanotubes, metal nanoparticles or a combination thereof.

Abstract: An in-situ unplug detector circuit detects when a cable is disconnected or unplugged. Detection does not have to wait for normal signaling to pause, such at the end of a frame or timeout. Instead, detection occurs during normal signaling. When the cable is disconnected, the transmitter no longer drives the load at the far end of the cable, and thus can drive the near end to a higher high voltage and to a lower low voltage. The increased voltage swing is detected by a detector at the near end that amplifies the transmitter output to the cable. A fast detector has a higher bandwidth and faster response time than a slow detector, and generates a fast detect signal that crosses over a slow detect signal. When the cable is disconnected, the fast detect signal again crosses over the slow detect signal, and decision logic activates an unplug signal.

Abstract: A power distribution monitoring system is provided that can include a number of features. The system can include a plurality of monitoring devices configured to attach to individual conductors on a power grid distribution network. In some embodiments, a monitoring device is disposed on each conductor of a three-phase network. The monitoring devices can be configured to measure and monitor, among other things, current and electric-field on the conductors. Methods of calibrating the monitoring devices to accurately measure electric-field are also provided. In one embodiment, a first monitoring device on a first conductor can transmit a calibration pulse to a second monitoring device on a second conductor. The second monitoring device can determine a degradation of the calibration pulse, and use that degradation to calibrate electric-field measurements around the conductor.

Abstract: The system comprises a direct current bus having a positive terminal and a negative terminal. A first switching transistor and a second switching transistor have their respective switched terminals connected in series with respect to each other between the positive terminal and the negative terminal. A primary supply is arranged to generating a test voltage that is lower than an operational voltage of the direct current bus. The test voltage is applied between the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the direct current bus. A primary thermal circuit is associated with the supply for detecting whether the supply exceeds an operational temperature threshold. The thermal circuit provides a signal or logic level state indicative of a detected short circuit in the direct current bus if the primary supply exceeds the operational temperature threshold.

Abstract: A method for detecting predetermined fault conditions associated with the supply of AC electrical power to a consumer, the supply having an active conductor and a neutral conductor with the neutral conductor being connected to earth. The method comprises providing a first current detector associated with the active conductor, providing a second current detector associated with the neutral conductor; providing a voltage detector to detect voltage between the active conductor and the neutral conductor, and checking a current ratio of neutral current to active current whereby the current ratio is indicative of a predetermined fault condition. Also disclosed is a method of checking the condition of supply line active and neutral conductors in a consumer's supplied premises including determining the impedance of the active conductor and the impedance of the neutral conductor to indicate the condition of each of the active and neutral conductors.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for monitoring an electrical flat wire. An appropriate safety device is utilized to monitor the electrical flat wire. The safety device includes a line side input configured to connect a line side power source and receive an electrical power signal from the line side power source. Additionally, the safety device includes a flat wire connection configured to connect to an electrical flat wire. The safety device further includes at least one relay configured to control the communication of the electrical power signal onto the electrical flat wire. The safety device also includes a control unit configured to test the electrical flat wire for at least one of miswires, wire faults, or abnormal conditions and, based at least in part on the results of the testing, to control the actuation of the at least one relay.

Abstract: A method for identifying cable faults at the terminals of a broadband lambda probe comprising a Nernst cell and a pump cell in the exhaust gas duct of an internal combustion engine. The broadband lambda probe has a reference electrode terminal RE, an internal pump electrode terminal IPE and an external pump electrode terminal APE. A pump current is applied to the broadband lambda probe and a pulsed reference pump current is applied to the broadband lambda probe. Cable faults are identified by the evaluation of potential swings in current.