Abstract: An oscillator comprises an active device with a phase shift of less than 180 degrees. A first delay line has first and second ends. The first end of the first delay line is coupled to an active port of the active device. A ring mode trap filter is coupled to the second end of the first delay line. A second delay line has first and second ends. The first end of the second delay line is coupled to the ring mode trap filter. The second end of the second delay line is coupled to a resonance means. The total delay of the first and second delay lines allows the resonance means to oscillate at its natural frequency in spite of the less-than-180-degree phase shift of the active device.

Abstract: An electronic module, comprising: a dielectric base plate having first and second opposing surfaces on which respective electrodes are disposed such that respective areas at the first and second surfaces are free of electrode material and aligned relative to one another to form a dielectric resonator; a first electronic component coupled to the base plate; and a first circuit sheet having first and second opposing surfaces, at least one aperture between the surfaces, and a conductor pattern disposed on the first surface, the first circuit sheet being disposed on the base plate such that: (i) the first electronic component is at least partially received within the aperture; and (ii) at least part of the conductor pattern is coupled to the dielectric resonator.

Abstract: A voltage controlled oscillator for upconverter/downconverter in a digital radio communication system has an improved phase noise characteristic and includes: a resonance unit wherein a variable capacitance component is parallel-connected to a series resonance circuit, the variable capacitance component having a capacitance inversely proportional to the level of a control voltage in a preset range and the series resonance circuit having a series resonance point corresponding to the level of a mode voltage, and an oscillating unit for oscillating at a frequency corresponding to a parallel resonance point determined by the resonance unit.

Abstract: A tunable local oscillator (10) with a tunable circuit (12) that includes a resonator (16) and a transistor (14) as an active element for oscillation. Tuning of the circuit (12) is achieved with an externally applied dc bias (22, 24) across coupled lines (20) on the resonator (16). Preferably, the resonator (16) is a high temperature superconductor microstrip ring resonator with integral coupled lines (20) formed over a thin film ferroelectric material. A directional coupler (38) samples the output of the oscillator (14) which is fed into a diplexer (40) for determining whether the oscillator (14) is performing at a desired frequency. The high-pass and low-pass outputs (42, 44) of the diplexer (40) are connected to diodes (48, 46) respectively for inputting the sampled signals into a differential operational amplifier (50). Amplifier (50) compares the sampled signals and emits an output signal if there is a difference between the resonant and crossover frequencies.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit comprising first and second mutually electromagnetically couplable resonant circuits, the second circuit comprising a dielectric element and excitation means operable to produce a first frequency of oscillation, the first circuit comprising the dielectric element, excitation means including a two-terminal Schottky device, preferably a Schottky diode, operable, responsive to an applied signal, to vary the resonant frequency of the first resonant circuit, and thereby vary the frequency of oscillation of the oscillator circuit.

Abstract: A radio frequency oscillator having: a resonant circuit; a gain element coupled in feedback relationship with the resonant circuit; and a variable reactance device, such as a varactor diode, adapted for coupling to a control signal for varying the reactance of the device. The variable reactance device is coupled to the resonant circuit with a coupling factor less than one. The resonant circuit comprises a planar microstrip transmission line structure. The varactor diode is coupled to the microstrip transmission line through a strip conductor disposed adjacent to, and dielectrically spaced from, a strip conductor of the resonant circuit. In one embodiment, the strip conductors are disposed in a side-by-side, dielectrically spaced relationship. In another embodiment, the strip conductors are disposed in a face-to-face, dielectrically spaced relationship.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radio receiver, particularly to a receiver for use in single-frequency applications, such as GPS, and to a frequency generator, which may be used in such a radio receiver, or elsewhere. The frequency generator comprises a tuned circuit connected between the emitter of the transistor and ground, such that a voltage signal at the basic frequency appears on the emitter terminal of the transistor. This arrangement has the advantage that the two frequencies appear on separate ports, and provides a radio receiver including radio receiver circuitry for connection to digital signal processing circuitry, reducing the complexity of the overall circuit. Additionally, there is a radio receiver wherein separate first and second local oscillator signals are generated from the terminal of s single transistor, avoiding the need for cascade multiplication stages, again reducing the size and complexity of the overall circuit.

Abstract: A microprocessor includes an on-chip low phase noise CMOS LC capacitance oscillator. The LC oscillator is relatively insensitive to power supply fluctuations. In addition, the LC oscillator is operable over a range of frequencies sufficient to support both normal full power operation, and reduced power operation of the microprocessor. The LC oscillator minimizes clock jitter problems and so permits extension of the microprocessor operating frequency to even higher levels than heretofore were possible. An output signal from a phase-frequency detector is a frequency control signal on a frequency control input line of a level converter and filter circuit of the LC oscillator. The output signal from level converter and filter circuit is a filtered frequency control signal on a control voltage input line to a continuously modifiable gigahertz frequency voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) circuit.

Abstract: A dielectric substrate is provided on both its main surfaces with conductors each having two circular openings such that the openings on both main surfaces oppose each other. On one conductor of the dielectric substrate, an insulating layer is formed. On the insulating layer, an input electrode and an output electrode are formed. Electrically conductive plates are disposed and secured such that they sandwich the dielectric substrate with gaps therebetween.

Abstract: A frequency-adjustable direct current biasing circuit is disclosed for providing a DC bias voltage or a DC connection to ground for an RF or microwave circuit without substantially affecting the RF or microwave signal of the circuit. The biasing circuit includes a transmission line having a first portion for connection to the RF circuit and a second portion connected to a low-impedance-to-ground structure, such as a bypass capacitor or a DC path to ground. The electrical length between the first and second portions is about 90 degrees. The biasing circuit further includes an open ended tuning stub coupled to the transmission line that has a length that is adjustable. By adjusting the length of the tuning stub, the biasing or grounding circuit can provide better isolation for RF energies at different selected frequencies. Also disclosed herein is a dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO) that uses the frequency-adjustable biasing circuit.

Abstract: A microwave oscillator includes a waveguide that is short-circuited on one side and a diode arranged therein, which receives its supply voltage by way of a coupling pin passed through a waveguide wall. At least one adjustment pin, extends into the waveguide and is adjustable in its penetration depth, for tuning the oscillator frequency. Because the adjustment pin is aligned at an acute angle to the coupling pin, the oscillator frequency can be tuned very precisely.

Abstract: A method (100) for mechanically tuning a VCO that has a resonant stripline having vias in predetermined locations connected through a circuit board to ground. This includes a step (104) of measuring the operating frequency of the VCO. A following step (106) includes calculating an amount of frequency shift needed to achieve a desired frequency. A following step (108) matches the amount of frequency shift needed to values in a look-up table of frequency shifts versus via locations to determine which vias locations will provide the proper amount of frequency shift. A last step (110) includes mechanically disconnecting from ground the via locations indicated in the third step such that the desired frequency is achieved. This method (100) of tuning allows VCO frequency adjustment after final assembly avoiding problems of frequency shifts that can occur due to the placement of a metal lid on the circuit board after assembly.

Abstract: A voltage controlled oscillator for wide tuning range of frequency with less phase noise has a bipolar transistor provided with a positive feedback circuit between a base and an emitter of the transistor, an impedance matching circuit coupled with a collector of the transistor and an output terminal, a resistor coupled between the base of the transistor and a control source which provides control voltage for adjusting oscillation frequency of the oscillator. The base of the transistor shows capacitive negative impedance, and an inductive element is coupled with the base of the transistor for oscillation. The emitter of the transistor is grounded for D.C. voltage through an inductor or a transmission line, or coupled with a control voltage.

Abstract: A waveguide oscillator by means of which carrier waves can be generated in a waveguide. The waveguide oscillator takes the form of a planar slotted guide structure arranged in the waveguide approximately perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the waveguide and has two transmitting slotted guides, at least one semiconductor oscillator element and at least one compensation slotted guide.

Abstract: A method (100) for tuning a voltage controlled oscillator by changing electrical circuit parasitics includes a first step (102) of providing a voltage controlled oscillator circuit on a circuit board and a plurality of different metal lids each having different numbers, sizes and locations of holes. Each different lid presents a different electrical circuit parasitic to the voltage controlled oscillator. In a second step (104), the voltage controlled oscillator frequency is measured, and the frequency shift needed to achieve a desired operating frequency is calculated in a third step (106). In a fourth step (108), a lid is chosen that will present the parasitics needed to provide the amount of frequency shift needed. As a last step (110), the chosen lid is attaching to the circuit board to obtain the desired nominal operating frequency from the voltage controlled oscillator.

Abstract: An integrated circuit for measuring the distance houses an oscillator in a package. Further, a plane inductor is provided on the surface of the package housing the oscillator. The plane inductor is connected to the oscillator so as to specify a frequency of the oscillator. If conductive material approaches the surface of the package, the frequency of the oscillator is varied by means of the plane inductor. The approaching distance of the conductive material is detected by detecting the frequency of the oscillator. The conductive material is mostly metal, however, the integrated circuit for measuring the distance can measure the approaching distance of non-metal conductive material such as conductive liquid.

Abstract: A sapphire resonator for an ultrastable oscillator capable of substantial performance improvements over the best available crystal quartz oscillators in a compact cryogenic package is based on a compensation mechanism enabled by the difference between copper and sapphire thermal expansion coefficients for so tuning the resonator as to cancel the temperature variation of the sapphire's dielectric constant. The sapphire resonator consists of a sapphire ring separated into two parts with webs on the outer end of each to form two re-entrant parts which are separated by a copper post. The re-entrant parts are bonded to the post by indium solder for good thermal conductivity between parts of that subassembly which is supported on the base plate of a closed copper cylinder (rf shielding casing) by a thin stainless steel cylinder.

Abstract: A YIG oscillator circuit including a closed loop control system which maximizes loop gain during start-up and minimizes loop gain after start-up to minimize gain compression. In one embodiment the closed loop control circuit includes a PIN diode coupled between the collector and base of a BJT, and comparison circuitry for comparing the YIG oscillator output voltage level with a reference voltage and providing a resulting feedback current to the PIN diode at the collector of the BJT. In operation, during start-up when the output voltage of the YIG oscillator is less than the reference voltage, the feedback current will be minimal and the PIN diode will reverse bias to maximize loop gain. When the output voltage approaches the reference voltage level, the feedback current will increase to forward bias the PIN diode to reduce loop gain and minimize gain compression. In a second embodiment, the PIN diode is not included, and the closed loop control circuit output signal is coupled to the emitter of the BJT.

Abstract: A broadcast transmitter for generating low power modulated signals, especially for a wireless speaker system. A signal source such as a source of composite audio signals including left and right audio signals and a pilot signal are applied to a radio frequency signal oscillator. The radio frequency signal oscillator includes a bipolar transistor connected in a common base configuration, and having a stripline element as a frequency determinative component in the collector circuit of the bipolar transistor. The modulating signal is applied to the base of the bipolar transistor which modulates the collector junction capacitance of the transistor thereby frequency modulating the signal produced by the oscillator. Varactor tuning is provided for setting a nominal frequency of oscillation.

Abstract: A resonator includes a substrate to which are attached trimmable capacitance and inductance portions which together with a varactor and transistor form an oscillator circuit. The substrate mounts orthogonally in a slot on an oscillator board to reduce microphonic effects from a cover that otherwise would degrade the oscillator performance.

Abstract: A variable frequency microwave oscillator comprises an oscillation FET of a junction type, a fixed impedance block connected to the source of the oscillation FET for determining the drain impedance on the source of the oscillation FET, and a variable bias block including inductance connected to the drain of the oscillation FET and an impedance controlling junction FET both for determining the drain impedance of the oscillation FET of a junction type. The gate of the oscillation FET is connected to an external resonance block which generates an oscillation in association with the negative impedance appearing on the gate of the oscillation FET. The oscillation frequency is controlled by a control voltage applied to the gate of the impedance controlling FET.

Abstract: A voltage controlled oscillator including a resonator which generates an oscillation signal, a frequency of which is in response to a control signal, and an amplifier which amplifies the oscillation signal. Also included is a frequency adjusting mechanism, as well as a voltage control sensitivity mechanism. In one example, the resonator includes an input terminal to which the control signal is applied, a variable capacitance diode and a main inductor. The oscillation frequency adjusting mechanism includes a first variable capacitor, arranged in parallel with the main inductor of the resonator. In addition, the voltage control sensitivity adjusting mechanism includes a second variable capacitor arranged between the input terminal and the amplifying mechanism, and also arranged between a hot terminal of the variable capacitance diode and a hot terminal of the main inductor.

Abstract: A phase detector responsive to a first signal having a carrier frequency and a second signal close to the carrier frequency, including a carrier suppression circuit which produces a carrier suppressed signal from the first and second signals, and a mixer responsive to the carrier suppressed signal and the carrier frequency to produce an output signal corresponding to the phase difference between the first and second signals.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit includes a resonant circuit having a capacitor and an inductor. The inductor has two main terminals, a center tap and two further taps disposed symmetrically relative to the center tap. The inductor is constructed as a U-shaped stripline in which the center tap is disposed at a turning point of the U-shaped stripline, the main terminals are disposed at ends of legs of the U-shaped stripline and the further taps are each located at the same distance from an end of a respective leg.

Abstract: A high frequency pulse-time modulation (PTM) signal generator employs four or more high frequency oscillators which are mutually locked uniquely either in a symmetric mode or an antisymmetric mode by means of a plurality of electronic phase shifters. The output signals from the oscillators are cascaded together to form a PTM output through control of the electronic phase shifters which shift the mutual locking of the oscillators back and forth between the symmetric and antisymmetric modes. Magic-tees or other combining elements are employed to combine the oscillator output signals so that an output pulse is generated when the oscillators are locked in the symmetric mode and a zero level output is generated when the oscillators are locked in the antisymmetric mode.

Abstract: A microstripline resonator in which a desirable resonant frequency can be adjusted with less deterioration in Q and less production process steps is characterized in that a hollowed-out portion is formed in an electrode portion provided on an insulating substrate base. A width-narrowed portion is provided between the side edge of the electrode portion and the hollowed-out portion for adjusting the resonant frequency of the microstripline resonator.

Abstract: A multi-octave ferrite oscillator topology that utilizes transformer coupling to provide the proper phase shift in the feedback loop. In a specific embodiment, a 10 mil YIG sphere is loosely coupled to 20 mil input and output loops, both of which are connected to a GaAs integrated circuit that includes a Darlington pair of bipolar transistors. The Darlington pair provides high gain, high output power, and low parasitic reactance up to about 10 GHz. A resistor bridge across the base of the input transistor of the Darlington pair insures a substantially real input impedance over a wide bandwidth.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit is described which exhibits low phase noise characteristics and has special application in UHF and microwave technologies. The oscillator circuit of the invention includes a band pass filter having specific capacitor and inductor values which can be optimized so that the circuit has a loaded Q very close to the resonator's unloaded Q.

Abstract: The invention provides a trimmable multi-terminal capacitor. The multi-terminal capacitor comprises a plurality of capacitors with each of the capacitors having a common terminal. The capacitors are formed on a layer of dielectric material having a common plate of conductive material disposed on its top surface, and a plurality of separate plates of conductive material disposed on its lower surface. The capacitance value of each of the capacitors is separately tunable to tight tolerances. The capacitor is particularly suited to be used in a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) to couple a plurality of devices to a resonator.

Abstract: A radar module includes a high-frequency signal generator comprising upper and lower parallel conductive plates, at least one dielectric rod held between the parallel conductive plates, a metal diode mount held between the parallel conductive plates, a gunn diode member mounted on a side of the diode mount, and a printed-circuit board mounted on the side of the diode mount in covering relationship to the gunn diode member and having a bias supply circuit on its surface for supplying a bias voltage to the gunn diode member. One terminal of the gunn diode member extends through a through hole defined in the printed-circuit board, is exposed in the vicinity of the surface of the diode mount, and is connected to the bias supply circuit.

Abstract: A high-frequency circuit device includes a varactor diode having a first terminal and a second terminal, a first strip line connected to the first terminal of the varactor diode, a voltage being applied to the varactor diode via the first terminal, a second strip line having a first end connected to the second terminal of the varactor diode, and a second open end. The second strip line has a length so as to obtain an equivalent strip line length taking into capacitances of the varactor diode and the second strip line. The equivalent strip line length determines a characteristic of the high-frequency circuit device.

Abstract: In order to improve the phase noise and the temperature stability of a dielectric resonator oscillator, the cylindrical dielectric resonator which is important for the oscillation frequency is mounted on the substrate standing on its curved surface rather than lying on its end face, as conventionally customary. It is coupled to the RF lines in a higher mode (TM.sub.xxx mode) rather than in the fundamental mode (TE.sub.01.delta. mode).

Abstract: The circuit employs two bipolar transistors, five resistors and a capacitor and can be primarily utilized as a broadband pre-amplifier and also as an oscillator or a mixer. A first transistor is connected to the circuit input and ground. A second transistor is connected to the collector of the first transistor and the supply voltage. One circuit output is connected to the second transistor. Another circuit output is connected to the first transistor via a resistor. The emitter of the first transistor is connected to the second transistor via a second resistor. A third resistor is connected between the base and collector of the first transistor. A fourth resistor is connected between the base and collector of the second transistor.

Abstract: A millimeter or microwave oscillator device for a receiver or a transmitter is described. The oscillator device including a high frequency oscillating circuit including an active device 41; said active device 41 having a first and a second contact 56, 52, a signal line 49 of said oscillator device 41 being connected to said first contact 56 for connection to a load circuit 43; a biasing circuit 47 for said active device; and a low frequency oscillation suppression circuit; wherein said low frequency oscillation suppression circuit includes a decoupling capacitor 45 and one electrode of said decoupling capacitor 45 is connected to said second contact 52. A manufacturing method for the oscillator device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A microwave oscillator includes a substrate having a circuit pattern on the top surface, a thin copper foil covering the bottom surface, and a hole. An electronic component is mounted to the top surface of the substrate. A metal plate is attached to the bottom surface of the substrate thereby closing the bottom of the hole. A dielectric resonator is attached to the metal plate through the hole. Since the dielectric resonator is attached to the metal plate by soldering, the bond between the dielectric resonator and the metal plate is stronger and more stable than that achieved by using a conventional adhesive. This enhances the reliability against temperature changes; mechanical impact or humidity.

Abstract: A high frequency pulse-time modulation signal generator employs first and second microwave or laser oscillators which are mutually locked uniquely either in a symmetric mode or an antisymmetric mode by means of an electronic phase shifter. The output signals from the oscillators are combined to generate pulse-time modulated output pulses through application of a control voltage to the electronic phase shifter which switches the mutual locking of the oscillators back and forth between the symmetric and antisymmetric modes. In a microwave embodiment, a hybrid-tee, such as a magic-tee, is employed to combine the oscillator output signals, while in the optical or laser embodiment, a half-silvered mirror is employed to combine the oscillator output signals. When the oscillators are locked in the symmetric mode, the hybrid-tee generates an output pulse, and when the oscillators are locked in the antisymmetric mode, the hybrid-tee generates a zero level output.

Abstract: A high-frequency integrated circuit which operates in a microwave band or in a millimeter wave band. The high-frequency integrated circuit has devices with a nonradiative dielectric waveguide such as an oscillator, a circulator, etc., and a mount case with a nonradiative dielectric waveguide in which these devices are mounted. Each of the devices with a nonradiative dielectric waveguide has a couple of conductors, a dielectric strip which is disposed between the conductors and propagates a high-frequency electromagnetic wave in a specified mode, a mounting surface which is formed on one of the conductors, and an end surface which is formed on an end of the conductors so as to be vertical to a traveling direction of the electromagnetic wave propagated in the dielectric strip and on which an end of the dielectric strip is exposed. The devices with a nonradiative dielectric waveguide are evaluated separately, and thereafter, the devices are mounted in the mount case individually.

Abstract: A first oscillator includes: a ring resonator; an oscillation circuit having a negative resistance active circuit coupled to a first point on the ring resonator for oscillating at an oscillation frequency and resonating the resonator; an output terminal, coupled to a second point on the ring resonator where a voltage is substantially zero with respect to the predetermined frequency when the ring resonator resonates, for outputting a resonant frequency signal, wherein even order harmonic components are outputted with the fundamental component suppressed. A second oscillator includes a ring resonator having points A to D equidistantly dividing the ring resonator, first and second oscillation circuits coupled to the points A and B respectively, first and second grounding capacitors having capacitance equivalent to those of the first and second oscillation circuits. Thus, two independent oscillators which do not affect each other are provided with a single resonator.

Abstract: An inexpensive voltage control type oscillator suitable for use with a mobile radio communication system within a predetermined frequency band range. The oscillator includes a resonance circuit and an oscillation stage formed on a printed wiring board and operating such that the oscillation frequency of the oscillation stage is varied within a predetermined frequency band range by varying the resonance frequency of a parallel resonance circuit included in the oscillation stage on the basis of a control voltage. The parallel circuit comprises a strip line connected in series with a bias resistor and a chip capacitor connected parallel to the strip line. The strip line has an inductance sufficiently larger than that of the resistor and the chip capacitor has a capacitance value so determined that the capacitor resonates at a predetermined frequency in cooperation with the strip line.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a voltage controlled oscillator with improved tuning linearity, which comprises an oscillating transistor (T, 1), a resonator circuit (C11, C12, 11, 12, 19, 20) formed by a capacitance diode (D, 20) and an inductance (L1, 19), whereby the resonator circuit is connected to one of the transistor's (T, 1) electrodes and defines together with the transistor's internal capacitance and external capacitances the oscillator output frequency provided by the transistor. The output frequency can be changed with an external control voltage (V.sub.cntrl) supplied to the cathode of the capacitance diode (D, 20), the control voltage having minimum and maximum values, whereby the oscillator output frequency (f.sub.vco) is arranged to change within a certain frequency band in accordance with the control voltage (V.sub.cntrl). The resonance circuit (RES) is arranged at the current draining electrode (collector) of the transistor to have an effect on the linearity between the control voltage (V.

Abstract: An injection-locked oscillator having a non-reciprocal four-port network with a pair of input ports (1, 2) and a pair of output ports (3, 4) in which the signal transfer path from a first input port (1) to a first output port (3) is non-reciprocal, the signal transfer path from a second input port (2) to a second output port (4) is non-reciprocal, the signal transfer path from a second input port (2) to a first output port (3) is non-reciprocal, and an amplifier with the input port coupled with said first output port and the output port coupled with said second input port, is locked to an injection signal applied to said first input port and provides oscillation output to said second output port (4). The circuit between the first input port (1) and the second input port (2), and the circuit between the first output port (3) and the second output port (4) are isolated. The present oscillator is implemented in a small IC chip, and has feature to be injection-locked in wide frequency band.

Abstract: An impedance adjustment capacitor connected in parallel to a choke coil formed by a conductive pattern formed on a substrate adjusts the impedance of a control voltage applying circuit. A control voltage is applied via the choke coil to a variable capacitance diode included in a resonance circuit. This control voltage determines a resonance frequency.

Abstract: An oscillator (100) includes a resonator (218) having a mirco-strip (217). The micro-strip (217) couples an inductive component (221) to a capacitive portion (219). To tune the oscillator (100), a number of cuts are made on the pad (221) in order to restrict the signal flow. The width of these cuts determine the degree of restriction posed on the signal flow. This controllable restriction of the signal flow provides the circuit (100) with enhanced tunability.

Abstract: A microwave oscillator with loop frequency conversion to and signal amplification at an intermediate frequency. A high-Q sapphire dielectric resonator is coupled in a frequency conversion loop between a pair of balanced mixers. One mixer comprises a downconversion mixer from an output frequency F.sub.0 to an intermediate frequency F.sub.IF, while the other mixer comprises an upconversion mixer from the intermediate frequency F.sub.IF to the output frequency F.sub.0. The frequency conversion loop additionally includes a low 1/f noise IF amplifier coupled between the mixers. The two mixers receive a local oscillator signal having a frequency F.sub.0 .+-.F.sub.IF from a microwave reference signal generator. In such an arrangement, an output frequency section and an intermediate frequency section is provided. The output frequency section includes the sapphire dielectric resonator and an output power divider while the intermediate frequency section includes the two mixers and the IF amplifier.

Abstract: A YIG component for providing a microwave frequency output signal has a cavity holding an electromagnetic circuit defining an air gap between a pair of pole pins. The cavity having a tuning coil for generating a homogeneous magnetic field in the air gap, and further holding a YIG unit comprising a carrier; at least one ferrite crystal arranged in the air gap; and an interface connected to the ferrite crystal or crystals for providing the microwave frequency output signal. A magnetic core is included in the electromagnetic circuit and comprises the pole pins combined with magnetic flux closing path elements shaped as bars, the pole pins and the bar-shaped elements forming an open structure. The YIG component includes a support housing made of a nonmagnetic material having formed therein the above-mentioned cavity and having inside the cavity integral precision-tooled surfaces for the carrying and relative positioning of the electromagnetic circuit and the YIG unit.

Abstract: A frequency synthesizer using a fixed oscillator driving a comb line generator to generate a spectrum of comb lines, one of which is selected by a switched array of fixed-tuned, YIG passband filters. The selected comb line is combined in a mixer with a signal from a local oscillator, which, preferably, is a direct digital synthesizer. The output of the mixer is fed to another switched array of fixed-tuned YIG passband filters where only the desired sideband is selected and the comb line and the other sideband is filtered out. In various alternative embodiments, tunable YIG filters are substituted for each array. Some embodiments also use a reverse slope equalizer to break up the coherent energy in the comb line spectrum at the output of the comb line generator to allow RF amplification to be applied without saturating the amplifier.

Abstract: A voltage-controlled microwave oscillator having a field effect transistor (1) as an amplifier and having a varactor diode (2) as a frequency-determining element has high output power and a large enough frequency sweep in the microwave frequency range that S-parameter scatters of the active components have optimally little influence on the characteristic data of the oscillator. The varactor diode (2) is preceded by a tunable micro stripline filter (3) and the source electrode of the field effect transistor (1) is directly connected to ground in order to form a parallel feedback with the micro stripline filter (3).

Abstract: A CMOS coupled-tank oscillator for VLSI circuit applications is disclosed. The coupled-tank oscillator has two inverters coupled, input-to-output, by inductances that may be simply wires, and a capacitance acting in parallel with each inverter that may be, simply, the invert's gate capacitance. The invention permits 0.9-micron CMOS oscillators to produce high-frequency signals.

Abstract: A microwave oscillator has a cavity which is excited with an active element. The phase noise characteristic of the oscillator is improved in that a frequency discriminator utilizes the same oscillator cavity. The waves transmitted and reflected by the cavity are measured, combined and detected by a pair of low noise diodes. The signals obtained are compared to produce a control signal for a phase shifter which is connected between the active element and the cavity. The cavity is preferably a dielectric resonator.

Abstract: A high-power oscillator which uses a quasi-optical ring resonator to prov the feedback required for oscillation allows energy to travel in one direction only within the resonator and suffers little loss of energy during operation. The oscillator is built by inserting an array of amplifiers, tuned to a desired frequency, into the quasi-optical ring resonator formed by three reflective mirrors. The mirrors are spaced such that the total loop phase shift is equal to an integer multiple of 360 degrees at the desired frequency and, by proper selection of the amplifiers, the loop gain is set to be greater than or equal to one.