Abstract: In a high frequency oscillator circuit including first and second field effect transistors, the first field effect transistor has a gate connected to a short-stub transmission line and a drain connected to an oscillation output terminal, and the second field effect transistor has a drain connected to a source of the first field effect transistor and a grounded source. The high frequency oscillator circuit oscillates by using a feedback circuit including the short-stub transmission line and the second field effect transistor. A feedback capacitor is further provided which is connected between a gate of the second field effect transistor and the drain of the first field effect transistor.

Abstract: The present invention is, in one aspect, a radio frequency source, comprising a gyromagnetic precession oscillator. In a second aspect, the gyromagnetic precession oscillator comprises a closed, non-magnetic, cylindrical outer conductor defining a cavity therein; an axial field solenoid wound about the outer conductor; a non-magnetic, cylindrical inner conductor disposed within the cavity and coaxially aligned with the outer conductor; a plurality of cylindrical ferrite precessors, each defining a respective bore through which the inner conductor runs; a plurality of dividers disposed within and defining a resonant chamber in the cavity; and a dielectric material filling the cavity. In a third aspect, the radio frequency source is actively tunable. In a fourth aspect, the radio frequency source that is tunable pulse-to-pulse.

Abstract: A signal generation system suitable for use in a radar system comprises a local oscillator (LO) and an intermediate frequency (IF) oscillator, wherein the IF oscillator is a Direct Digital Synthesiser (DDS), and the LO is a free running oscillator not itself locked to another oscillator but which acts as a clock reference for the DDS and is the highest frequency oscillator in the system. The LO may also act as a reference for a receive chain digitiser. The invention exploits phase noise advantages of a free running oscillator at some distance from the carrier whilst maintaining coherency with other system components. The system typically finds application in FMCW radars.

Abstract: Conductor segments are positioned within a transmission line structure in order to generate microwave pulses. The conductor segments are switchably coupled to one or the other of the transmission lines or to each other, in parallel with the transmission line structure. Microwave pulses will be induced in the transmission line by closing the switches in a controlled manner to discharge successive segments or successive groups of segments into the transmission lines. The induced waves travel uninterrupted along the transmission lines in a desired direction.

Abstract: A high-frequency stabilization network for microwave devices and monolithic integrated circuits. The stabilization network may comprise one or more monolithic RL parallel networks, configured to reduce in-band high-frequency oscillation, such as Gunn effect oscillation and IMPATT oscillation.

Abstract: An electrical generator that uses a high frequency oscillator in a tuned circuit, set to resonate with the transmitter coil of a full-length high frequency transformer unit, to generate electromagnetic energy, to transform this energy to electrical energy and to collect this energy.

Abstract: Whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) optical resonators made of crystal materials to achieve high quality factors at or above 1010.

Abstract: The median frequency in the emission from a microwave generator (14), which operates in a pulsed manner, is shifted when the generator (14) operates between passive reflectors (23) whose axes are parallel thereto. In the axial direction, the reflectors (23) are approximately the same length (L) as the generator (14), with length matching through telescopic rods being preferable. However, the frequency is governed primarily by the distance (D) between the reflectors (23-23) between which the generator (14) is operated. Once desired resonance conditions have been found, for example for injection of microwave radiation into the mechanical structure of an external arrangement, this frequency relationship can be fixed by the magnitude of the length of the preferably telescopic coupling piece (16) between the resonator (13) and the antenna (18).

Abstract: Timing signal generation and distribution are combined in operation of a signal path exhibiting endless electromagnetic continuity affording signal phase inversion and having associated regenerative active means. Two-or more-phases of substantially square-wave bipolar signals arise directly in traveling wave transmission-line embodiments compatible with semiconductor fabrication including CMOS. Coordination by attainable frequency synchronism with phase coherence for several such oscillating signal paths has intra-IC inter-IC and printed circuit board impact.

Abstract: A whispering gallery mode dielectric resonator includes a conductive enclosure comprising a top, a bottom and walls. The resonator also includes a dielectric element disposed in the enclosure and operative to support a desired resonant mode that is dependent on a shape and dimensions of the dielectric resonator; and a mode selective coupling structure disposed over the enclosure and configured to selectively couple electromagnetic energy of the desired mode and configured not to substantially couple electromagnetic energy of a spurious mode supported in a region between the enclosure and the dielectric element.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention is a voltage controlled oscillator that provides multi octave band tenability. The oscillator preferably includes one or more multi planar resonators which allow it to be implemented in integrated circuit form. Oscillators implemented in accordance with the aspect of the present invention provide as wide a tuning range as the YIG based resonators but are much more compact and efficient. Therefore, they are amenable to implementation in integrated circuits and suited for adaptation in third and future generation wireless devices.

Abstract: A frequency synthesizer. The frequency synthesizer comprises a harmonic locked phase/frequency detector, a low pass filter, a voltage controlled oscillator, and a frequency divider. The harmonic locked phase/frequency detector receives a reference signal and a divided signal. The low pass filter is coupled to the harmonic locked phase/frequency detector. The voltage controlled oscillator is coupled to the low pass filter and provides an output signal. The frequency divider is coupled between the voltage controlled oscillator and the harmonic locked phase/frequency detector. Frequency of the divided signal is a harmonic frequency of the reference signal.

Abstract: A tunable oscillator includes a first transistor, a second transistor connected in parallel with the first transistor, a noise feedback and bias network coupled to the first and second transistors, a planar coupled resonator network coupled to the transistors and a means for dynamically tuning the resonant frequency of the planar coupled network and the junction capacitance of the transistors.

Abstract: A ferroelectric loaded waveguide resonator capable of operation at microwave, millimeter-wave and higher frequencies and suitable for integration into a three-dimensional monolithic microwave integrated circuit (3D MMIC) is disclosed. The resonator includes a resonator cavity, which, in one form of the invention, is formed by two parallel metal layers and a metallized wall structure extending between the metal layers. The cavity is filled with dielectric material and includes a layer of ferroelectric material, which is used to control the resonant frequency by varying a voltage bias applied to the ferroelectric layer. The cavity includes a slot in one of the metal layers and a coupling strip formed adjacent to the slot to provide electromagnetic coupling to other components, such as a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). The invention can also be applied to other multi-metal semiconductor or wafer level packaging technologies.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a voltage controlled oscillator in a microwave band without narrowing the variable frequency range and having improved phase noise characteristics. This invention is a voltage controlled oscillator in the microwave band which controls an oscillation frequency by a varactor diode, a varactor diode circuit in which a plurality of series-connected circuits having the varactor diode and a capacitance connected in series are connected in parallel and the varactor diodes include at least one or more GaAs varactor diodes of the HyperAbrupt type and at least one or more Si varactor diodes of the Abrupt type.

Abstract: Conductor segments are positioned within a transmission line structure in order to generate microwave pulses. The conductor segments are switchably coupled to one or the other of the transmission lines or to each other, in parallel with the transmission line structure. Microwave pulses will be induced in the transmission line by closing the switches in a controlled manner to discharge successive segments or successive groups of segments into the transmission lines. The induced waves travel uninterrupted along the transmission lines in a desired direction.

Abstract: An oscillator is described. The oscillator includes segments of two-conductor transmission line being connected together by an odd number of connection means to form a closed loop. A plurality of current switches is connected to the conductors of the segments and a high impedance element, such as an inductor or transmission line, is connected to a conductor of at least one segment. The high impedance element sources current into the closed loop and the current switches sink current from one or the other of the conductors of the loop depending on the state of the switch. The switches cause a wave to be established and maintained on the loop and the wave changes the state of the switches as it oscillates. One embodiment of the switches employs npn transistors whose emitters are connected to a current source and another uses NMOS transistors.

Abstract: A dielectric resonator having a line pattern that includes an electrode gap that defines a signal input/output portion provided on an open side, and a ground portion provided on a short-circuited side. The length L in a main direction of a portion of the line pattern in which the signal input/output portion and the ground portion face each other is smaller than one quarter the wavelength of a resonant signal of the resonator. A variable-capacitance element is connected to the signal input/output portion. One end of the variable-capacitance element has a positive potential and the other end of the variable-capacitance element has a negative potential.

Abstract: The present invention “Infinite Radio Frequency Spectrum Transceiver” (IRFS for short) relates to a circuit that emits and receives the complete radio frequency spectrum transmission as it exists from 0 hertz to the region where radio frequency ends to j the infrared. Such a circuit causes infinite bandwidth output gain evenly over the entire radio frequency spectrum, can be readily used as a noise source, where such output even gain across the spectrum. Such circuit in its simplest form can be used as a noise source, subsequent use of single circuits organized in series or parallel increase power where they can readily be used as a radio frequency jamming array. Additional insertion into specific points of the circuit can be used to transmit a signal across the bandwidth where such signal takes on the attributes of all frequencies and appears as higher and lower frequency as amplitude gain at such points across the bandwidth. Additional use of various filters can restrict the frequency of transmission.

Abstract: Conductor segments are positioned within a transmission line structure in order to generate microwave pulses. The conductor segments are switchably coupled to one or the other of the transmission lines or to each other, in parallel with the transmission line structure. Microwave pulses will be induced in the transmission line by closing the switches in a controlled manner to discharge successive segments or successive groups of segments into the transmission lines. The induced waves travel uninterrupted along the transmission lines in a desired direction.

Abstract: A high-frequency oscillator includes a high-frequency oscillation element having a magnetization pinned layer whose magnetization direction is pinned substantially in one direction, an oscillation layer formed of a magnetic material which generates a high-frequency oscillation phenomenon when a current is supplied, an intermediate layer provided between the magnetization pinned layer and the oscillation layer, the intermediate layer having an insulation layer and current paths which pass through the insulation layer in a thickness direction, and a pair of electrodes which supply a current perpendicularly to a plane of a stacked film including the magnetization pinned layer, the intermediate layer and the oscillation layer.

Abstract: In the mass production of dielectric resonator oscillators (DROs), it is necessary to regulate the position where a dielectric resonator is placed with a high degree of accuracy and thus time required for the assembly work increases undesirably. Further, a terminating resistor and earthing means are formed at an end of a transmission line that is electromagnetically coupled to the dielectric resonator and constitutes the resonator on a dielectric substrate, and as a result the production cost increases. The present invention is characterized in that, in the components of a DOR, only a transmission line is formed on a dielectric substrate, and an oscillating active element and a terminating resistor and the earthing means on an MMIC chip are connected to the transmission line with metallic wires, metallic ribbons, or the like. Further, an open stub is formed in the middle of the transmission line on the side close to the oscillating active element when it is viewed from the dielectric resonator.

Abstract: Provided is a voltage controlled oscillator having a new type of a resonator and a negative resistance part capable of finely tuning negative resistance. Thus, the voltage controlled oscillator has an excellent quality factor characteristic and can finely tune the negative resistance even after its fabrication is completed. The voltage controlled oscillator having an active element includes: a resonating unit for generating an oscillation frequency according to a resonance capacitance; a frequency tuning unit, connected to a source terminal of the active element, for tuning the oscillation frequency; and a negative resistance adjusting unit, connected to the frequency tuning unit, for generating a negative resistance to adjust the oscillation frequency, the negative resistance adjusting unit including a varactor diode for finely adjusting the negative resistance.

Abstract: There is provided a frequency tunable oscillator that has less degradation of oscillation characteristics due to a parasitic reactance component or the like without mounting therein a lumped constant element such as a variable capacitance element. The frequency tunable oscillator includes a negative resistance element and a resonator which together form a feedback circuit. The frequency tunable oscillator further includes in at least a part of the feedback circuit, a distributed constant material so configured as to have a distributed constant such that an electrical length in the resonator is modulated, and a modification means for externally modifying the distributed constant material, wherein the oscillation frequency can be varied through the external modification by the modification means.

Abstract: In a high frequency oscillator circuit including first and second field effect transistors, the first field effect transistor has a gate connected to a short-stub transmission line and a drain connected to an oscillation output terminal, and the second field effect transistor has a drain connected to a source of the first field effect transistor and a grounded source. The high frequency oscillator circuit oscillates by using a feedback circuit including the short-stub transmission line and the second field effect transistor. A feedback capacitor is further provided which is connected between a gate of the second field effect transistor and the drain of the first field effect transistor.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a high frequency quasi optical oscillator power source is provided which includes an array of amplifier devices each having an input antenna tuned for a fundamental frequency. A amplifier coupled to the input antenna amplifies fundamental frequency signals. A multiplier coupled to the amplifier provides signals at a multiple of the fundamental frequency and at the fundamental frequency. The output antenna coupled to the multiplier is tuned at the fundamental frequency and at a multiple of the fundamental frequency. A grating lobe-to-main lobe converter located above the array of amplifier devices converts grating lobe power to main lobe power at the multiple of the fundamental frequency. A frequency selective reflector opposes the amplifier array to reflect signals at the fundamental frequency and to pass signals at the multiple of the fundamental frequency.

Abstract: An oscillator comprising a dielectric resonator (DR) has a high controllability and reproducibility of coupling between the dielectric resonator (DR) and an oscillation circuit, and an integrated circuit is reduced in size. The dielectric resonator (DR) (1) is composed of a dielectric substrate (2), grounding conductive layers (3a, 3b) formed on both sides of the dielectric substrate (2), and via holes (4a) for electrical connection between the conductive layers. A coupling element (7a) composed of a slot (5a) provided in the central portion of the grounding conductive layer (3a) and a patch (6a) surrounded by the slot (5a) is coupled to the dielectric resonator (DR) (1). The patch (6a) is connected to a transmission line (13a) on an oscillation circuit (9) through a bump (8). The transmission line (13a) is connected to the ground through a termination resistor (15a).

Abstract: Conductor segments are positioned within a two conductor transmission line in order to generate microwave pulses. The conductor segments are switchably coupled to one or the other of the transmission lines in parallel. Microwave pulses may be induced in the transmission line by closing the switches in a controlled manner to discharge successive segments into the transmission lines. The induced waves travel uninterrupted along the transmission lines in a desired direction.

Abstract: In a high-frequency circuit having a substrate having a high-frequency transmission line and an dielectric resonator formed on said substrate so that said dielectric resonator and said high-frequency transmission line may be coupled electro-magnetically to each other, a hole part or a cavity part is formed at a part of said substrate and a dielectric resonator is embedded in said hole part or said cavity part. In the same object, a high-frequency circuit having a dielectric resonator is produced by the step for forming a high-frequency transmission line on a substrate, the step for forming a hole part or a cavity part on a part of the substrate, and the step for mounting a dielectric resonator in the hole par formed on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: There is disclosed a whispering gallery oscillator for producing a low noise microwave output signal. The whispering gallery oscillator comprises a dielectric resonator 1 comprising paramagnetic ions 34. A pump signal 5 is coupled by a coupler 7 to the paramagnetic ions to excite 19 the paramagnetic ions 34. The paramagnetic ions 34 decay 17 and thus excite a whispering gallery mode 15 of the dielectric resonator 1. The whispering gallery mode 15 is coupled by a coupler 10 to give an output signal 9. The whispering gallery mode 15 has a high Q (Q?107) resonance. The high Q resonance results in a low-noise output signal 9. The paramagnetic ions 34 act as a MASER that is distributed about the dielectric resonator 1. In some embodiments, the whispering gallery oscillator may be locked to a frequency standard.

Abstract: A three dimensional (3D) microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) multi-push voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and methods of making the same is provided. The 3D MMIC multi-push oscillator includes a plurality of matching frequency oscillators coupled to a phasing ring in substantially equidistantly spaced apart locations. A combined VCO output signal is provided at a central output connection point of the phasing ring. The central output connection point resides on a first plane. An output conductor transition has a first end coupled to the central output connection point and a second end provided as an output to the quad-push VCO. The output conductor transition extends transverse to the first plane and terminates at a second plane separated from the first plane. The multi-push oscillator can be a push-push, quad-push or N-push type VCO based on a particular implementation.

Abstract: Conductor segments are positioned within a two conductor transmission line in order to generate microwave pulses. The conductor segments are switchably coupled to one or the other of the transmission lines in parallel. Microwave pulses may be induced in the transmission line by closing the switches in a controlled manner to discharge successive segments into the transmission lines. The induced waves travel uninterrupted along the transmission lines in a desired direction.

Abstract: An oscillator comprising a cascode configured device having first, second and third terminals, a plurality of resonators and first circuitry coupled between the plurality of resonators and the second terminal of the cascode configured device. The first circuitry is preferably operable as an evanescent mode buffer to compensate for changes in the capacitance of the oscillator during operation.

Abstract: Distributed traveling wave oscillator circuitry is disclosed. The oscillator circuitry includes a signal path, a plurality of active switching means, and a direction promoting means. The signal path is formed from a pair of adjacent conductors and exhibits endless electric or magnetic continuity. The signal path also includes a portion that creates a signal phase inversion which sets half-cycles of oscillation to be the time of a single traverse of the signal path by the signal. The plurality of active switching means is connected between the adjacent conductors of the signal path for setting rise and fall times of each said half-cycle of oscillation. The direction promoting means establishes the direction of the traveling wave on the signal path.

Abstract: An oscillation circuit comprises a SAW resonator having a pair of reflectors disposed on a piezoelectric substrate and a pair of IDTs which are set up in parallel between the pair of reflectors and which are constituted by teeth-of-a-comb electrodes; an inverter to which the pair of IDTs are connected in parallel; and a change-over unit which is provided between each of a pair of the teeth-of-a-comb electrodes constituting either of the IDTs of the pair of IDTs and the inverter and which changes over and connects an input side and an output side of the inverter connected to each of the pair of the teeth-of-a-comb electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tuning screw assembly comprising a sleeve (100) with internal threads for engaging a tuning screw (200) having external threads. The sleeve comprises a first threaded portion (32) which is axially displaced in relation to a second threaded portion (34) for frictionally locking said screw body in said sleeve. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing said friction locking sleeve and to a resonator comprising said friction locking sleeve.

Abstract: A low noise oscillator constructed using a rotary traveling wave oscillator. The conductors of the rotary traveling wave oscillator provide at any tap position a pair of oppositely phased oscillations and these oscillations have slightly different phases at positions that are slightly different on the conductors. Regeneration devices establish and maintain oscillations on the conductors of the traveling wave oscillator. A regeneration device made from p-channel and n-channel transistors is connected to the conductors of the traveling wave oscillator in such a way that the gate connections of the transistors receive the traveling wavefront before the drains of the transistors receive the wavefront. By the time the regeneration device switches in response to the wavefront arriving at the gates of the transistors, the wavefront has arrived at the drains. This creates little or no disturbance to the wave on the conductors and results in low phase noise.

Abstract: A power management circuit is arranged to apply power to and remove power from its own oscillator to conserve power. A power-on reset circuit provides a power-on-reset signal to a state machine. The state machine contains states that are programmed with information that is used to power up or down various subsystems within a device that includes the power management systems, including the oscillator of the state machine. The state machine assumes a known state and applies power to the oscillator in response to the power-on-reset signal. The state machine changes states in response to system events (e.g., a keypress). The state machine also maintains power to the oscillator during the period of time and which the state machine requires clock signal from the oscillator. The state machine can power down the oscillator to conserve power when the state machine does not require a clock signal from the oscillator.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention includes a voltage controlled oscillator comprising an active device having a plurality of resonators coupled across two terminals of the device and at least one resonator coupled across the plurality of resonators. The at least one resonator preferably operates as an evanescent mode buffer capable of storing a select amount of energy present in the oscillator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a distributed oscillator, and more particularly, to a high frequency distributed oscillator using coupled transmission lines. According to the present invention, coupled transmission lines capable of increasing the frequency selectivity are used as transmission lines. Signal interference occurs among the coupled transmission lines because of mutual approximation. The coupled transmission lines serve as a filter due to the signal interference. A phase noise characteristic can be thus increased.

Abstract: Electronic circuitry for generating and distributing standing wave clock signals. The electronic circuitry includes one or more two-conductor transmission line segments that are interconnected with an odd number of voltage-reversing connections to form a closed loop. A regeneration device is connected between the conductors of the transmission line segments and operates to establish and maintain a standing wave on the loop. At any location on a segment there is a pair of oppositely phase oscillations.

Abstract: A method for tuning a resonator in an oscillator is provided. A dielectric serving as a resonator in the oscillator is trimmed in a targeted manner by laser pulses until a target frequency for the resonator is reached. The lasers used may be excimer lasers or solid-state lasers.

Abstract: A planar harmonic high frequency oscillator comprises a pair of amplifiers for oscillation, a micro-strip line for connecting between inputs of the pair of amplifiers and between outputs of the amplifiers, a slot line disposed between the inputs and the outputs of the pair of the amplifiers for electromagnetically coupling with the micro-strip line, an output line connected to the micro-strip line at a position at which the micro-strip line traverses the slot line between the inputs or outputs of the pair of amplifiers, and an electronic device for connecting conductors on both sides of the slot line, and for controlling an electromagnetic wave field of the slot line in response to a control signal applied thereto. Two oscillation systems which oscillate in opposite phases with respect to the fundamental wave of oscillation are formed to generate an even-order harmonic of the fundamental wave.

Abstract: A push-push high frequency oscillator comprises a pair of amplifiers for oscillation, a loop-shaped microstrip line for connecting inputs of the pair of amplifiers to each other and connecting outputs of the pair of amplifiers to each other, a slot line disposed between the inputs and the outputs of the pair of amplifiers for electromagnetically coupling with the microstrip line, a nonlinear circuit for enhancing the level of harmonic components in an applied synchronization signal, a coupler circuit for electromagnetically coupling the output of the nonlinear circuit to the microstrip line, and a filter circuit disposed at the output of the nonlinear circuit. The filter circuit filters harmonic components of the synchronization signal such that the two oscillation systems are injected with the same frequency components as the fundamental wave or frequency components twice as high as the fundamental wave to increase frequency stability.

Abstract: A phase adjusting circuit includes a meandering inductor provided on the surface of a base substrate, and a zero-ohm resistor mounted on two parallel line portions with one parallel line portion provided therebetween. The parallel line portions of the meandering inductor are configured such that their lengths in the vertical direction sequentially decrease. By changing a combination of parallel line portions on which the zero-ohm resistor is mounted, the substantial line length of the inductor is changed, such that the inductance changes. By changing the inductance of the inductor, the amount of phase adjustment in the phase adjusting circuit is changed.

Abstract: The voltage controlled oscillator contains a circuit board having a laminate of a plurality of insulating plates, a wiring pattern formed on a surface of the circuit board, an electronic part mounted on the surface of the circuit board, a resonance strip line provided on an inner layer of the circuit board, and a ground pattern formed on an inner layer of the circuit board which is disposed between the wiring pattern and the strip line. Further, a conductor-deleted portion of the ground pattern faces the vicinity including a portion having a high current density in the strip line. Thus, reductions of inductance and Q are small. In addition, a portion of the strip line is shielded by means of the ground pattern with respect to the wiring pattern.

Abstract: A miniature resonating marker assembly that includes, in one embodiment, a ferromagnetic core, a wire coil disposed around the core, and a capacitor connected to the wire coil adjacent to the magnetic core. The core, coil, and capacitor form a signal element that, when energized, generates a magnetic field at a selected resonant frequency. The magnetic field has a magnetic center point positioned along at least one axis of the signal element. An inert encapsulation member encapsulates the signal element therein and defines a geometric shape of the resonating marker assembly. The geometric shape has a geometric center point substantially coincident with the magnetic center point along at least a first axis of the signal element. The shape and configuration of the assembly also provides for a miniature signal element specifically tuned to resonate at a selected frequency with a high quality factor.

Abstract: A high frequency oscillator comprises a transmission line resonator having a midpoint which serves as a null potential point, a pair of active devices for oscillation respectively connected to a pair of mutually opposite-phase resonance wave points for the transmission line resonator, and a plurality of output lines each having one end connected to the transmission line resonator at a point symmetric to the midpoint, and the other end commonly connected to a connection. The pair of active devices share the resonator and oscillate in opposite phases to each other. The plurality of output lines are coupled to the transmission line resonator respectively at maximum displacement distribution points for a standing wave of an 2n-th harmonic in the transmission line resonator, where n is an integer equal to or larger than two. Even-order harmonic components of 2(n?1)-th or lower are suppressed at the connection.

Abstract: A high spectral purity microwave oscillator is provided. The Oscillator uses an air-dielectric cavity and employs the known carrier-suppression technique. In one embodiment, the oscillator employs a high-Q cavity to self-sustain an oscillating signal formed by feeding back into its input a power-amplified output signal of the cavity in which residual phase noise in the amplifier stages is suppressed. A bandpass filter selects the cavity mode. FIG. 1 illustrates this embodiment. Another embodiment suppresses the noise of a voltage-controlled oscillator whose frequency and power-amplified output interrogates the cavity mode. FIG. 2 illustrates this embodiment.

Abstract: A feedback oscillator device formed with an integrated circuit having a semiconductor material substrate on a ground plane. The circuit has an amplifier having an input and an output is provided at least in part on said semiconductor material substrate. A directional coupler is used to couple the amplifier output signal to the amplifier input through a parallel separated transmission lines transfer system and a capacitor such as a varactor. The substrate can be of gallium arsenide.