Abstract: Methods and systems using polarization modulated electromagnetic waves. At least some of the illustrative embodiments are systems comprising a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader, and a RFID tag (the RFID tag communicatively coupled to the RFID reader),. The RFID tag is configured to transmit data to the RFID reader with data encoded in polarization of electromagnetic waves transmitted from the RFID tag.

Abstract: Devices and methods for the identification of test tubes in a test tube rack having a RFID chip, and including an antenna structure elements for wireless coupling with the RFID chip, such that the location of the RFID chip determines the orientation of the test tube rack and the position of the test tube, and coupling of the RFID chips attached to the test tube racks is independent of the direction of insertion of the test tube rack.

Abstract: A coaxial cable connector structure is provided, the connector structure comprising: a connector; a physical parameter sensing circuit mechanically attached to the connector; and a status output component mechanically attached to the connector. The physical parameter sensing circuit configured to sense a condition of the connector. The status output component configured to report an ascertained physical parameter status to a location outside of the connector. A corresponding method of ascertaining a physical parameter status of a connector connection is disclosed.

Abstract: For identifying an object and releasing a security of the object an identification element is associated with the object and recognized by recognizing unit, a securing element is attached to an object and releasable from the object, and the identification element and the securing element are formed so that a release of the securing element is possible only after the identification of the object by recognizing the identification element.

Abstract: A signal level detection method is provided, the method includes providing a feed line system that includes coaxial cable connectors connecting coaxial cable sections. Each coaxial cable connector includes a connector body, a coupling circuit positioned within the connector body, an electrical signal power level detection circuit electrically connected to the coupling circuit and comprised by the connector body, and an output component comprised by the connector body. At least one coupling circuit senses an electrical signal flowing through at least one associated coaxial cable connector. At least one electrical signal power level detection circuit detects a plurality of associated power levels of the electrical signal flowing through at least one associated coaxial cable connector.

Abstract: An IC label for prevention of forgery includes: a label substrate which has an adhesive agent for affixing the same to an object; a non-contact IC medium which is provided on the label substrate and has an IC chip for storing predetermined identification information and an antenna for wireless transmission of the identification information; and a security function portion which is provided on the label substrate and prevents replication.

Abstract: An RFID tag monitoring system with multiple reader units each equipped with processing capacity sufficient to enable the unit to operate autonomously under its own command and control as well as to register in its individual memory the identity of all of the items that potentially could be present at any particular time at a zone or zones to which it is assigned as well as the particular zone at which a specific RFID tagged item is found; data compression at the reader units permits timely reporting of inventory to a main computer.

Abstract: An apparatus for containing and transporting precious items comprises at least one holding structure (2) adapted to contain at least one precious item (200), at least one antenna (3) adapted to detect the presence of an electronic identification device (201) associated with the precious item (200), in order to determine the contents of the holding structure (2) and send a signal (S1) representative of same at least on occurrence of a predetermined event, storing means (4) physically associated with the holding structure (2) and operatively associated with the antenna (3) for receiving the signal sent therefrom on occurrence of a first event and store the contents of the holding structure (2) on occurrence of the first event. A processing unit (5) can be connected to the storing means (4) and the antenna (3) to compare the contents of the storing means (4) with a signal (S2) sent by the antenna (3) on occurrence of a second event subsequent in time to the first one.

Abstract: Disclosed is an inventory control system or parking space detector including an inductive loop technology that is either embedded in the concrete or located atop the concrete, or any other feasible method of setting an inductive loop. By monitoring the change in inductance of the magnetic field that is generated by the loop as cars of various sizes and weights enter the looped area, a determination of whether or not the inventory is controlled or the parking spaces are all full is made when the inductance value reaches a certain predetermined level. This predetermined level will be determined by calibration in the initial installation in order to determine the exact inductance values when a group of parking spaces are full.

Abstract: An alarm system for use with an existing audible sound generator such as a vehicle horn or alarm, building alarm or stand alone or self-contained audio alarm comprising a remote alarm signal generator mounted on or attached to a movable object to be protected against undetected movement including an alarm sensor/transmitter system having a signal generator to generate and transmit an alarm signal to an audible signal generator operatively coupled to the existing audible sound generator including a receiver system having a signal generator to receive the alarm signal from the remote alarm signal generator and to generate a signal to actuate the existing audible sound generator when the alarm sensor/transmitter system senses a condition such as motion or a change in signal strength below or above a predetermined threshold level.

Abstract: An automatic data collection system tracks articles by providing a robust electromagnetic (EM) field within an enclosure in which the articles are stored. Respective data carriers, such as RFID tags, attached to each article respond to the electromagnetic field by transmitting unique data identified with each article. Where the frequency of the EM field coupled to the enclosure differs from the natural resonance frequency of the enclosure, the placement of a probe to couple energy to the enclosure is selected to have the reflected phase of the EM energy from walls equal at the probe location thereby producing a robust EM field to activate and/or detect data carriers.

Abstract: There is a cable theft monitoring system and method configured to protect electrical cables from theft during non-operation hours. The system includes a power circuit configured to provide power. The system also includes a motor coil configured to receive and utilize power. The system further includes a power supply line configured to facilitate power conduction through the motor coil. The system includes a sensor module configured to monitor a characteristic of the power supply line. The sensor module is configured to send an electrical current through the power supply line to the motor coil to detect electrical connection thereto. The system additionally includes an onsite control module configured to provide onsite controls to the cable theft monitoring system. The system also includes an isolation module configured to isolate the sensor module from strong power sources. Furthermore, the system includes a communication module configured to transmit information.

Abstract: A pluggable security device for protecting an electronic device, such as a laptop, is disclosed. The pluggable security device has a battery, a siren, and an optional accelerometer. The security device is triggered by unplugging from the electronic device, or by sensing acceleration, or by disconnecting the electronic device from AC power or from a network. Once the security device is triggered and its internal siren is activated, it can only be deactivated by reinserting the pluggable security device into the electronic device it has been disconnected from and by entering a password in the electronic device.

Abstract: A disclosed image display device includes a display part; a user identifying part configured to perform personal identification to identify personal identification information; a detecting part configured to detect whether the image display device is held by hand; and a control part configured to display an image on the display part upon a display request when the user identifying part identifies personal identification information obtained upon the display request as personal identification information of an authorized user, to continue displaying the image on the display part as long as the detecting part detects that the image display device is held by hand, and to erase the image on the display part when the user identifying part fails to identify the personal identification information of the authorized user by a personal identification performed upon detecting by the detecting part that the image display device is not held by hand.

Abstract: A system and a method for safeguarding wafers and photomasks. The system includes a container for storing an article, the article being a wafer or a photomask; a flashing unit for flashing light with a pre-determined light pattern; an anti-theft unit capable of performing an anti-theft function, the anti-theft unit being attached to the container; and a trigger unit electrically connected to the anti-theft unit for triggering the anti-theft function of the anti-theft unit, in response to detecting the pre-determined light pattern of the flashing unit. The method includes providing a container having an anti-theft unit capable of performing an anti-theft function; storing an article in the container, the article being a wafer or a photomask; providing a flashing light with a pre-determined light pattern; detecting the pre-determined light pattern; and performing the anti-theft function by the anti-theft unit, in response to detecting the pre-determined light pattern.

Abstract: A theft deterrent device includes a carrier having a pivotally mounted pin and an alarm tag for receiving the pin to secure the carrier and alarm tag together when secured on an item of merchandise by an adhesive pad on the carrier. Spaced electrical contacts within the alarm tag receive the pin therebetween to complete an electrical path to close an electrical circuit which turns the device on. The security device is configured to sound an onboard alarm in response to prying of the carrier from the alarm tag or cutting of the pin of the carrier, or if an EAS tag receives a wireless signal from a security gate. The carrier remains on the purchased merchandise for subsequent disposal after removal of the alarm tag from the carrier by the use of a magnetic key to unlock a locking mechanism which engages the pin.

Abstract: A merchandise sensor for protecting an item of merchandise displayed on a merchandise display security device from theft includes sensor electronics and a sensor element operably coupled to the sensor electronics. The sensor element provides an output value in an initial stable state before an interaction state and in a subsequent stable state following the interaction state. The sensor electronics compares the output value of the sensor element in the subsequent stable state and the output value of the sensor element in the initial stable state to determine whether a change in the output value indicates an alarm condition. In the event that the output value of the sensor element in the subsequent stable state is not within a predetermined tolerance bandwidth of the output value of the sensor element in the initial stable state, the sensor electronics activates an alarm in response to the alarm condition.

Abstract: Method for monitoring a cargo container in which a transmitter is arranged on the container and periodically transmits messages to a remote site or location according to a schedule of messages. When a message is not received according to the schedule, which may be the result of tampering with the transmitter or another nefarious action involving the container, it may be considered that the container has been stolen. A rate of transmission of the messages may be modified based on a condition of the vehicle, such as the presence of a driver inside the vehicle, a distance between a driver inside the vehicle and the vehicle, the vehicle being at rest after motion of the vehicle stops, a location of the vehicle, biometric identification of a driver of the vehicle and deviation of the vehicle from an expected route, and/or based on current time and weather around the vehicle.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of merchandise display security devices including anti-theft features for preventing theft of an item of merchandise being displayed in a display area of a retail store are shown and described. The security devices provide a dual alarm merchandise security system including an alarm unit attached to the item of merchandise and electrically and mechanically connected to a fixed unit that is attached to a fixed support within the display area. The alarm unit and the fixed unit each include an alarm that is activated by a control circuit upon predetermined alarm conditions. A breakaway cable interconnects the alarm unit and the fixed unit and defines a sense loop therebetween. In one embodiment, the fixed unit is a display stand and the alarm unit is a sensor configured to be removably supported on the display stand.

Abstract: An anti-theft security device is particularly useful with bottles and is typically secured to a bottle neck. The device may carry an onboard alarm. The device typically includes a catch member which engages the bottle neck to secure the device to the bottle and a blocking structure to help block access to the catch member.

Abstract: A utility network interface device is provided for operation with a utility network. The utility network interface device includes a control unit configured to detect a tampering with a software component of a utility meter with which the utility network interface device is associated. The utility network interface device also includes a notification unit configured to output, external to the utility meter, a visual indication constituting notification of the tampering detected by the control unit. The control unit is configured to automatically control the notification unit to output the external notification of the tampering in response to the detection of the tampering. Also provided are a utility network including the utility network interface device, a method of operating a utility network interface device, and a computer-readable recording medium having a computer program recorded thereon for operating a utility network interface device.

Abstract: There is provided a method for monitoring a package for storage and/or transport of at least one item. An exemplary method comprises receiving at a transmission unit measured data about properties of the item and/or about influences on the item via at least two sensors. The exemplary method also comprises executing via the transmission unit a decision of a logical node of a logistics system about a selection of data transmitted to a receiving unit. The exemplary method additionally comprises sending information about the desired selection of data from a control unit to the transmission unit. Finally, the exemplary method comprises enabling a user to make a selection relating to types of data to be transmitted.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an anti-theft system for protecting portable personal items attached to the system and remotely signaling their removal. The system includes a base secured in place on the edge of a table or a wall. A pressure detecting mechanism is disposed to hang from the base so it can be used to hold the personal item, and so that the presence or absence of the item from the pressure detecting mechanism can be detected. Once the device is activated and a valuable personal item is placed on the pressure detecting mechanism, the removal of the item without first deactivating the device will cause an alarm to be activated. The alarm may be a sound or flashing light on the base of the device or generate a signal that may be received remotely by the owner.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling the surveillance conducted by lost or stolen electronic devices dependent upon the location of such electronic devices is provided. A data repository contains data that specifies, for each of a plurality of geographic regions (e.g. legal jurisdictions), a set of surveillance methods that are permissible in the respective region. At least some of the geographic regions have different respective sets of permissible surveillance methods than others. A computer system is operable to communicate with the devices over a computer network, and programmed to use received information regarding a location of a potentially lost or stolen device, in combination with the data in the computer data repository, to cause the potentially lost or stolen device to initiate surveillance according to the set of permissible surveillance methods (and/or other actions) corresponding to the location.

Abstract: Some embodiments of a product display apparatus may provide consumers with access to samples of portable electronic devices while maintaining the security of the sample devices. The display apparatus can present the sample devices in a manner that encourages consumers to view and operate the user interface of the samples even though each sample unit cannot be physically moved from the display apparatus.

Abstract: The invention provides a closures (106) for a compartment (100) having one or more walls (112, 114, 116, 118) and an opening (110) defined by at least one of the walls (112, 114, 116, 118). The closure (106) is associated with at least one fastener located inside the compartment (100). The fastener can hold the closure (106) in a first position (eg. closed) relative to the opening (110). The fastener is adapted to cause the closure (106) to assume a second position (eg. open) relative to the opening (110) upon receipt of a suitable signal. The closure (106) has at least on indicium (108) visible from outside the compartment (110). The indicium (108) is adapted to provide a visual indication of a status of the closure (106) or the compartment (110), such as closure open, closure closed, compartment empty, compartment occupied.

Abstract: A lockable container (1) for receiving items includes elements for generating a random code when the container is locked, elements for transferring the code to a person locking the container, and a memory for storing the code. The container further includes elements (2) for unlocking the container to a first stage, in which the contents of the container can be viewed by a user but not removed from the container, and elements for transferring the code to the user when the container is unlocked at the first stage. The container can then be unlocked to a second stage (3), in which the user can remove the contents of the container and the code is removed from the memory.

Abstract: Systems and methods for utilizing location information, including global positioning system (GPS) tracking data facilitate the tracking and protection of assets and the management of location conflicts. Rules are established governing a response of a management system to the receipt of tracking information such that an appropriate action may be taken. When assets move outside of assigned areas or during predetermined times, an appropriate response may be taken to prevent or mitigate theft. Location conflicts may be avoided by detecting location conditions that may lead to various location conflicts. Management of assets is facilitated by the use of the location information.

Abstract: Debo Alarm System is a mobile Security System for the Home, Apartment, RV, and Commercial Businesses etc. . . This alarm system is unique because it utilizes the existing wiring in the area you are trying to secure. The system works like a traditional alarm system. The alarm system is activated when the monitors are separated from each other. The monitors consist of one receiver and one magnet. The receiver sends a remote signal to the alarm system when the magnet is removed from it. The receiver or the magnet can be stationary or movable. The receiver and magnet are placed next to each other; one goes on the window or window frame, door or door frame. When separated the receiver sends a signal to the Debo Alarm System (D.A.S.) that the window or door is open.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: at least one processor, at least one storage means connected to the processor and at least one locator unit connected to the processor. An apparatus comprising: a case and at least one locator unit connected to the case. A method comprising: using at least one processor connected to a device to perform any of the following: determining the device's location, and communicating the location to a central station.

Abstract: A transponder device to mark a surgical implement, such as a metallic surgical instrument, is provided that comprises a transponder housing attachable to a portion of the surgical implement. The housing may include a transponder receiving cavity spaced at least 1 millimeter, and preferably at least 2 millimeters, from any portion of the surgical implement when the housing is attached to the surgical implement, and preferably includes a saddle-shaped finger support surface or a stabilizing surface sized and configured to receive a finger of a user for providing additional leverage and/or stabilizing structure when operating the implement. The housing may be removably attached to the surgical implement or permanently attached. In use, a transponder is retained in the device. Methods of manufacturing transponder devices and methods of detecting a transponder indicating the possible presence of a surgical implement are also provided.

Abstract: A metal detection device, system and method are provided. The device includes a receiver that receives a signal pattern representing electromagnetic field disturbances over time caused by movement of metal doors in a detection region. The device further includes a memory in communication with the receiver. The memory stores a recorded signal pattern of a previously received signal pattern and at least one quality criterion. The device further includes a processor in communication with the memory. The processor determines pattern vitals indicating a quality of the received signal pattern. The processor further determines whether the at least one quality criterion is met based at least in part on the pattern vitals. The processor further updates the recorded signal pattern based at least in part on determining whether the at least one quality criterion is met.

Abstract: An activity monitor which can be pre-programmed at the factory, the doctors office or the pharmacist, or that can be programmed by the user. The activity monitor is affixed to a medicine bottle or container and activity associated with the bottle or container, such as movement, opening, volume changes, etc. are monitored in view to the schedule. The activity monitor records and allows for the analysis of the recorded data to determine is there is a likelihood of substance abuse.

Abstract: Theft deterrence and secure mobile platform subscription techniques for wireless mobile devices are described. An apparatus may comprise a removable secure execution module arranged to connect with a computing platform for a wireless mobile device. The removable secure execution module may comprise a first processing system to execute a security control module. The security control module may be operative to communicate with a security server over a wireless channel on a periodic basis to obtain a security status for the wireless mobile device. The security control module may output control directives to control operations for one or more components of the computing platform based on the security status. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: A registering and counting system operated in response to information included on data bearing records is used for maintaining inventory records related to narcotics items. Data corresponding to users is read through record reading devices (448, 452). Authorized users are allowed access to a narcotics vault (402). Narcotics holding containers (422) are removable from storage locations in drawers (416). Wireless transmitters on the containers operate in conjunction with wireless readers in the storage locations to enable a computer (458) to track the use of the narcotics items and operating parameters of the system.

Abstract: A security hard tag, uses an attachment clip to couple to an article, such as but not limited to clothing, to be protected and which can only be released from the article by use of an authorized detacher that is inserted into the security hard tag. The attachment clip may include various types of locking mechanisms on its two ends, one end which is permanently secured within the security hard tag housing and the other end which is releasably secured within the housing. Before being releasably secured within the housing, the one end is inserted through or around a portion of an article, or through a security tag loop attached to the article, and then that end is locked into the housing. The detacher uses a cam, either located on the detacher itself or positioned within the security hard tag housing, to interact with the one end of the attachment clip to release the locked end.

Abstract: In an image forming system, a server includes (a) a transmitting/receiving unit that receives consumable-goods shortage information and consumable-goods stock information via a network and transmits the consumable-goods stock information and stock retrieval information for retrieving the consumable goods via a network, the consumable-goods shortage information indicating a shortage of consumable goods in an image forming apparatus, the consumable-goods stock information indicating an available stock in an image forming apparatus, and (b) a management control unit that causes the transmitting/receiving unit to transmit the stock retrieval information to the other image forming apparatuses than one of the image forming apparatuses that transmits the consumable-goods shortage information to the server, and causes the transmitting/receiving unit to transmit the consumable-goods stock information obtained from the other image forming apparatuses as a result of retrieving the consumable goods via the network.

Abstract: A system for controlling circulation of media materials from a library includes a control system and a circulation control station having a housing defining a receptacle which is configured to receive a packaged unit of securable media therein. The circulation control station includes an electronic security control mechanism and a mechanical security control mechanism, each mounted to the housing. The electronic security control mechanism may include an RFID reader/writer, and the mechanical security control mechanism may include a magnet and an actuator. The control system is configured to release a packaged unit of securable media to circulation by disabling an electronic security device and a magnetic security device of a packaged unit of securable media resident within the receptacle and executing a media checkout procedure.

Abstract: According to some example embodiments, systems, apparatus, methods and computer program products are provided for triggering an alarm. In this regard, one example apparatus includes means for receiving an instruction to alarm a security gate device, and means for tuning a security resonator at a location such that a field generated by the security gate device interacts with the security resonator to cause the security gate device to trigger an alarm in response to at least receiving the instruction to alarm the security gate device.

Abstract: A security device (20) is a compact and inexpensive device for monitoring the integrity of closed objects that indicates when the state of a monitored condition inside the closed object has changed. The device (20) is small-sized so that it can also be placed inside small closed objects, e.g. a briefcase, box, envelope or alike, and that it is inconspicuous to the observer if the closed object is opened. The device (20) is relocatable inside the closed object. The device (20) comprises a controller (4) and associated memory (8), a time counter (6) in connection with the controller (4), sensors (2) communicating with the controller (4) and arranged to sense changes in conditions inside the closed object and indicating means (12) communicating with the controller (4) and arranged to wirelessly indicate invasion against the integrity of the closed object. While the changes in conditions inside the closed object comply with certain predefined conditions the alarm indication can be blocked.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical cabinet comprises sensors positioned within the frame and door of the cabinet, and the sensors are arranged in a predetermined orientation when the door is closed and a lock is actuated. The sensors are configured to communicate with one another when brought into the predetermined orientation to confirm that the door is closed and the lock is actuated. One or both of the sensors may transmit an identifier to the other sensor, and the communication between the sensors may be encoded. The cabinet also includes a sensor on the lock that indicates if the lock is engaged. The cabinet may generate a record of the times the sensors are moved into or out of communication and the times that the lock is engaged.

Abstract: A dual band antenna includes a far field antenna structure for facilitating the communication of first data with a remote device via far field signaling in a millimeter wave band. A near field antenna structure facilitates the communication of second data with a remote device via near field signaling in a near field band. The far field antenna structure and the near field antenna structure share at least one common antenna element.

Abstract: A solution for managing an asset, such as a movable asset, deployed to a fixed location, is provided. Location and/or power information is periodically acquired for the asset and assessed to determine whether the asset has moved from a desired physical area and/or the power is insufficient to continue with planned operations. In response to either condition, the operation of various devices on the asset can be adjusted to minimize an inferred risk caused by the asset moving outside of the physical area and/or maximize an inferred probability of recovering the asset.

Abstract: A communications device includes a processor and Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry that includes a communications module. An electromagnet is connected to the communications module and the processor. The electromagnet is configured to couple magnetically to a second communications device having a magnetic sensor and to transmit from the electromagnet to the magnetic sensor electromagnet pulses containing data regarding a wireless communications protocol. The processor and communications module are configured to establish a wireless communications connection with the second communications device.

Abstract: A shipping and tracking system has a number of tracking stations that are geographically distributed. The tracking stations gather information from shipping items processed by the shipping and tracking system. The shipping and tracking system provides an enhanced level of security for selected shipping items. The enhanced level of security for the selected shipping items is based at least on the information gathered at the tracking stations. The enhanced security is provided in such a way that personnel of the shipping and delivery system cannot physically discern whether or not a shipping item is being shipped with enhanced security.

Abstract: The invention concerns a medical instrument disinfecting system (1) comprising a disinfecting chamber (4) adapted to implement a cycle for disinfecting the instruments. The invention is characterized in that each instrument (1) comprises identification data (5) and in that the chamber (4) is associated with means (6) for acquiring the identification data of the or each instrument (1) when it is introduced into or withdrawn from the chamber (4) at the start and at the end of a disinfecting cycle, with means (7, 8) for acquiring characterization data of the disinfecting cycle and with means (9, 10, 11, 12, 13) for associating the identification data of the or each instrument and the characterization data of the disinfecting cycle to generate traceability data of the disinfection of the or each instrument.

Abstract: A personal artifact tethering device includes a casing having an open wrist-receiving area for allowing the casing to be worn as a bracelet on a person's wrist, the casing having an enclosed interior area. A reel is positioned inside the enclosed interior area and is movable between retracted and extended configurations. A spring connects the spring and casing and biases the reel to the retracted configuration. The tethering device includes a flexible tether having a first end coupled to the reel and a second end coupled to a hook, the tether passing through the enclosed interior area of the casing such that at least a portion of the hook is always outside the enclosed interior area, relatively less of the flexible tether being outside the enclosed interior area of the casing when the reel is at the retracted configuration.

Abstract: A balance alarm sensing arrangement for a movable object includes a balance detection module for being supported at the rigid surface of the movable object to detect a stability of the movable object, a deactivating unit for deactivating the balance detection module to allow the movable object being moved, and an alert unit operatively linked to the balance detection module, wherein the alert unit is activated by the balance detection module for generating an alert signal when the balance detection module detects a suspicious movement of the movable object.

Abstract: A portable alarm system for notifying a user of theft or movement of an object when the user is at a distance from the object. The portable alarm system may generally comprise a sensor unit and a remote unit. The sensor unit may be placed on or embedded within an object to be protected and have one or more sensors for detecting vibration and/or motion of the sensor unit and thereby the object. The sensor unit is activated when vibration or movement input exceeds a predetermined trigger level value. When the trigger level value is exceeded, an alarm signal is transmitted to the remote unit. The remote unit receives the alarm signal and may generate one or more alarms to indicate object vibration or movement. The one or more alarms may include but are not limited to an audible buzzer, light indicators, and remote unit vibration.

Abstract: A container suitable for wet wipes that comprises at least one compatibility sensor, at least one output device and at least one triggering device and a compatible a refill pack of wipes comprising a compatibility actuator. The compatibility sensor of the container and compatibility actuator of the refill pouch are designed to interact with each other. The interaction enables the operation of the output device, which functions only when triggered by the triggering device. The output device is capable of producing a sensory perceptible effect. The container and refill pack together can form a kit.