Abstract: A target tracking method uses sensor(s) producing target signals subject to positional and/or angular bias, which are updated with sensor bias estimates to produce updated target-representative signals. Time propagation produces time-updated target states and sensor positional and angular biases. The Jacobian of the state dynamics of a target model produces the state transition matrix for extended Kalman filtering. Target state vector and bias covariances of the sensor are time propagated. The Kalman measurement residual is computed to produce state corrections, which are added to the time updated filter states to thereby produce (i) target state updates and (ii) sensor positional and angular bias updates.

Abstract: The invention applies to secondary radars. It makes it possible to carry out filtering when seeking to detect SSR responses, these SSR responses being overlapped by a mode S response. According to the invention, the pulses of the mode S response are filtered without filtering the pulses of the SSR responses which are of a higher level than the mode S response.

Abstract: A weather radar system coupled to a weather radar antenna, including a receive circuit for receiving radar returns received by the antenna and a processor for summing portions of the radar return data to obtain a null response. The processor adjusts the phase or power of at least one portion of the radar return data using a steering vector or a tuning vector.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method includes receiving live radar data, receiving virtual radar data, merging the live radar data and the virtual radar data to form merged data, and tagging the merged data with a virtual tag indicator to indicate a presence of the virtual radar data. The method also includes for each receive time window, determining if the virtual radar data is present from the virtual tag indicator; if the virtual radar data is present, tagging a detection with a virtual tag and if the virtual radar data is not present, tagging detections with a live tag.

Abstract: A radar device has a clock generator (131) generating a base clock; a transmitter (121 to 125) transmitting transmission pulses as gradually increasing a displacement amount with respect to each edge of the base clock; and a receiver (101 to 106) receiving reflected waves of the transmitted transmission pulses in synchronization with the edges of the base clock.

Abstract: A system for tracking an object in space for position, comprises a transponder device connectable to the object. The transponder device has one or several transponder aerial(s) and a transponder circuit connected to the transponder aerial for receiving an RF signal through the transponder aerial. The transponder device adds a known delay to the RF signal thereby producing an RF response for transmitting through the transponder aerial. A transmitter is connected to a first aerial for transmitting the RF signal through a first aerial. A receiver is connected to the first, a second and third aerials for receiving the RF response of the transponder device therethrough. A position calculator is associated to the transmitter and the receiver for calculating a position of the object as a function of the known delay and the time period between the emission of the RF signal and the reception of the RF response from the first, second and third aerials. A method is also provided.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for transmitting low data rate symbols from a communications terminal to a burst radar transceiver. A plurality of bursts can be emitted from a burst radar transceiver, each burst having a burst interval and separated by an inter-burst interval. A symbol can be transmitted from the communications terminal to the burst radar transceiver. The symbol has a symbol period that is substantially longer than a radar transceiver burst period comprising the burst interval and the inter-burst interval. Symbol energy can be accumulated during inter-burst intervals at the burst radar transceiver over a plurality of burst periods for approximately the symbol period.

Abstract: By using the delay profile created by delay profile creating section 102 and the first threshold value 330 received from the first threshold value calculation 105, the first threshold value timing detection section 103 selects only the earliest receive timing exceeding the first threshold value, from all the timing that the correlation value in the delay profile becomes a maximum. By using the receive timing and the second threshold value 331 received from the second threshold value calculation section 107, reference timing calculation section 106 selects the reference timing required for calculating the receive timing for the incoming wave of the minimum propagation delay time. The timing delayed by previously set timing behind said reference timing is sent from receive timing calculation section 108 as the receive timing 113 of the incoming wave of the minimum propagation delay time.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus and method for simultaneously processing multiple communication and navigation signals. An apparatus of the present invention may comprise a single receiver with a direct radio frequency (RF) sampling front end, a single analog to digital converter, a digital downconverter and a digital signal processor. In an embodiment of the invention, the receiver of the present invention may simultaneously process navigation signals in the 108-118 MHz band and communication signals in the 118-137 MHz band.

Abstract: Various regulatory domains promulgate standards to define how wireless devices should operate in certain frequency bands. The 5 GHz spectrum is of particular importance to certain regulatory domains because of radar systems also operating in this spectrum. To avoid interference with such radar systems, wireless devices operating in this spectrum should be able to detect radar and quickly vacate any channels currently used by the radar systems. Techniques are provided for performing startup scans for radar, identifying backup channels for a possible channel switch, and efficiently changing channels in the event of radar detection in the operating channel. These techniques advantageously meet current regulatory standards governing DFS while minimizing network startup delays and disruption to users during a radar event.

Abstract: A method for determining or compensating for the positional errors of a sensor tracking a target comprises the steps of operating the sensor to generate sensed information relating to the target and adding any sensor positional bias update information to produce updated sensed information. The target state is propagated to produce time updated state estimates. The Jacobian of the state dynamics and the state transition matrix for the extended Kalman filter algorithm are computed. The covariance of a state vector is time propagated using the state transition matrix.

Abstract: Channel quality can be detected accurately in a wireless transmission system such as an HSDPA method. In the case of estimating a channel quality of a signal transmitted by a Code Division Multiple Access method and of estimating the channel quality in a system having a synchronization channel not orthogonal to a channel receiving data, a noise component of a desired channel is estimated; degree of a noise component caused by the synchronization channel is estimated with respect to the estimated noise; and a channel quality of a receiving channel is detected based on the estimated degree of the noise component.

Abstract: One aspect of this disclosure relates to a method for processing a received, modulated radar pulse to resolve a radar target from noise or other targets. According to an embodiment of the method, a radar return signal is received and samples of the radar return signal are obtained. A minimum mean-square error (MMSE) pulse compression filter is determined for each successive sample. The MMSE filter is separated into a number of components using contiguous blocking, where each component includes a piecewise MMSE pulse compression filter segment. An estimate of radar range profile is obtained from an initialization stage or a previous stage. The piecewise MMSE pulse compression filter segments are applied to improve accuracy of the estimate. The estimate is repeated for two or three stages to adaptively suppress range sidelobes to a level of a noise floor. Other aspects and embodiments are provided herein.

Abstract: There are presented various approaches to monitor performance of RF systems and circuitry such as those used in aircraft transponders. Such monitoring may be designed to verify operational performance of transponders as set forth by FAA regulations, or may be used to periodically or continually monitor integrity of transponder performance. Data may be collected by such periodic or continual monitoring, and may be analyzed to identify potentially troublesome trends in transponder performance, allowing early intervention or repair, if warranted.

Abstract: A method of detecting weather using a weather radar onboard an aircraft. A range is selected at which weather is to be detected. A tilt angle of the weather radar is changed to detect weather below an altitude of the aircraft at a selected range when the selected range includes a maritime environment.

Abstract: A distance measurement sensor and a distance measurement method using the same are disclosed. The distance measurement sensor can use all of a pulse method and a Continuous Wave (CW) method, can select an appropriate measurement method according to the distance to be measured, thereby accurately measuring the distance. The distance measurement sensor solves the reception-signal limitation caused by a transmission leakage signal in the case of the CW method, reduces an amount of power consumption, measures distances of several objects at the same time, and establishes the range of the distance.

Abstract: Providing multi-spot inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imagery is disclosed. Embodiments of techniques in accordance with the present disclosure may advantageously improve multiple target discrimination, detection, identification, and tracking using ISAR imaging. In an embodiment, an inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) method for producing multiple ISAR images from a single waveform includes transmitting a chirp signal into a dwell surveyed by the antenna beamwidth. Multiple dechirp reference signals may be generated to demodulate return signals from the dwell at multiple selected intervals within a pulse repetition interval (PRI) to create demodulated signals.

Abstract: A method of calibrating a dual polarization weather radar system has been developed. The method first generates a transmission pulse from the radar system. The transmission pulse is then modified to generate a test signal that simulates a desired atmospheric condition. The test signal is transmitted directly into the radar system from a test antenna and the radar system is calibrated according to the test signal.

Abstract: A level measurement arrangement for measurement of a level of a product in a container, comprising: a level sensor, having: a mounting element, including a process connector, for mounting the mounting element on a mating counter connector on an opening of the container, and a conductive probe segment extending from the mounting element into the container; a conductive probe extension (19), having a first end, which is permanently fixed to an inner wall of the container, and having a second end, which is detachably connectable to an end of the conductive probe segment extending into the container; and sensor electronics comprising elements for generating and sending short electromagnetic pulses down the probe segment and the probe extension, elements for reception of the echoes of the pulses reflected at a surface of the product elements for determining the level of the product in the container, based on a time of flight needed for a pulse to travel down the probe segment and the probe extension, and its echo

Abstract: Systems and methods that adapt to the weather and clutter in a weather radar signal and apply a frequency domain approach that uses a Gaussian clutter model to remove ground clutter over a variable number of spectral components that is dependent on the assumed clutter width, signal power, Nyquist interval and number of samples. A Gaussian weather model is used to iteratively interpolate over the components that have been removed, if any, thus restoring any overlapped weather spectrum with minimal bias caused by the clutter filter. The system uses a DFT approach. In one embodiment, the process is first performed with a Hamming window and then, based on the outcome, the Hamming results are kept or a portion of the process is repeated with a different window. Thus, proper windows are utilized to minimize the negative impact of more aggressive windows.

Abstract: A system for the measurement of an angle of roll of a projectile is disclosed. The projectile has a casing with a rear end, a front end, and a side wall extending therebetween. The system includes a radar configured to transmit a polarized electromagnetic signal toward the projectile and a groove disposed on the side wall of the casing. The groove has a width, a depth, and a length, the width extending along a longitudinal axis of the projectile, the depth extending inwardly from an outer surface of the casing toward the longitudinal axis, and the length extending along the outside of the casing. The radar is further configured to receive a return signal from the projectile, wherein the return signal from the groove is modulated as a function of the angle of roll of the projectile. Amplitude or phase modulation of the return signal from the groove can be used to uniquely determine the roll angle of the projectile.

Abstract: A multistatic detection device for measuring a distance to an object includes a transmitter and a receiver, each having a high-frequency oscillator and a pulse generator. The pulse generators can be supplied with synchronisation signals emitted by signals generators, the synchronisation signals being transmitted by a data bus common to the transmitter and the receiver. The relation of the deterministic phases of high-frequency signals can be produced by the high-frequency oscillator. The method includes feeding two synchronisation signals to the transmitter and the receiver by the common data bus, the transmitter signal is transmitted towards an object, the signal passing through the receiver and contained in the data bus being mixed with a reception signal reflected by the object, thereby producing a measuring signal thereby making it possible to compare the phases of clock signals.

Abstract: A radar level gauge system, for determining a filling level of a product contained in a tank, said radar level gauge system comprising: a transceiver for generating, transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals within a frequency range; a waveguiding structure arranged to extend into said product contained in the tank and to guide a transmitted signal from said transceiver towards a surface of said product and to guide echo signals resulting from reflections at impedance transitions encountered by the transmitted electromagnetic signals, including a surface echo signal resulting from reflection at said surface, back to said transceiver; a plurality of reference impedance transitions provided substantially periodically along said waveguiding structure with a distance between adjacent reference impedance transitions that is selected such that signals resulting from reflection of said transmitted signal at each of said reference impedance transitions combine to form a reference signal having a frequency

Abstract: A radar detector is operated to suppress nuisance radar alerts by identifying a first signal in radar band of interest, e.g., having a frequency that is a harmonic of a first nuisance local oscillator frequency leaked from a nearby radar detector and identifying a second signal having a frequency that is a harmonic of a second nuisance local oscillator frequency leaked from the radar detector where the first and second local oscillators are companion signals. A detector is also provided that suppresses nuisance radar alerts by detecting a first signal in a radar band, providing a first alert designating the detection of the first signal, determining that the first signal is a nuisance signal, providing a second alert designating that the first signal is a false alarm, and turning off the second alert after a predetermined period.

Abstract: A method of measuring the speed of air in a zone of the atmosphere by the Doppler effect by means of a radar, the method comprising the steps of transmitting bursts of three pulses at different rates F1, F2, F3; determining respective speeds V1, V2, V3 of the air from the pulses received in return from the pulses in each burst; and calculating the speed V of the air from the speeds V1, V2, V3 determined for the returned pulses received for each burst.

Abstract: A GPS enabled radar detector dynamically handles radar sources based upon previously stored geographically referenced information on such sources and data from the GPS receiver. The detector includes technology for determining the location of the detector, and comparing this location to the locations of known stationary sources, to improve the handling of such detections. The detector may ignore detections received in an area known to contain a stationary source, or may only ignore specific frequencies or may handle frequencies differently based upon historic trends of spurious police radar signals at each frequency. Notification of the driver will take on a variety of forms depending on the stored information, current operating modes, and vehicle speed.

Abstract: A method and system provide a multi-sensor data fusion system capable of adaptively weighting the contributions from each one of a plurality of sensors using a plurality of data fusion methods. During a predetermined tracking period, the system receives data from each individual sensor and each data fusion method is performed to determine a plurality of reliability functions for the system based on combining each sensor reliability function which are individually weighted based on the S/N (signal-to-noise) ratio for the received data from each sensor, and a comparison of predetermined sensor operation characteristics for each sensor and a best performing (most reliable) sensor. The system may dynamically select to use one or a predetermined combination of the generated reliability functions as the current (best) reliability function which provides a confidence level for the multi-sensor system relating to the correct classification (recognition) of targets and decoys.

Abstract: The video rate processor (10) is made up of an Input Video Stream input (11), at least one Input Processor/Input Devices (12), at least one Most Recent Frame Buffer (14), and at least one Output Processes/Output Device (16). The video rate processor (10) is dynamically tuned to the specific requirements of a user and the capabilities of the user's device. Further, the video rate processor (10) enables to receipt of video images in real time or from archived files while substantially maintaining the integrity of the video information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing signal pulses received by a device to identify the presence or absence of a waveform is provided. The waveform may have a long duration and may have a sparse energy distribution. An example of such a waveform is the bin-5 radar waveform. Based on the arrival rate of pulses, filtering of pulses is performed. The pulses that are not filtered out are grouped into bursts and information about the bursts is stored in a burst history. For example, the burst history might store the number of pulses in the burst and an inter-burst interval time. Entries over a certain age may be deleted from the burst history. The burst history is analyzed to determine if the pulses conform to a pattern associated with the waveform. The analysis may be based on various statistics. In an embodiment, only time domain information is analyzed.

Abstract: One of the objects of the present invention is to reduce the size of a radar device mounted on a vehicle body. To achieve the object, one aspect of the invention provides a radar device, which is mounted on a vehicle body and detects a target present in a moving direction of the vehicle body, with (1) a transmitting antenna for transmitting a mm-Wave that forms an electric field having a width equivalent to the width of the vehicle body at a position away in a moving direction of the vehicle body by a distance corresponding to the most-approached distance defined between the vehicle body and the target and (2) two receiving antennas for receiving the reflected mm-Waves at mutually different positions.

Abstract: An integrated circuit for measuring the distance and/or velocity of objects, having: a high-frequency signal generating device for generating a first HF signal having a predefined frequency and a predefined modulation curve from at least one LF signal; a diplex/mixing device, which is coupled to the high-frequency signal generating device for determining a frequency offset between the first HF signal and a reflected second HF signal; a transceiver device, which is coupled to the diplex/mixing device, for sending the first HF signal and simultaneously receiving the reflected second HF signal, which is a function of a predefined modulation curve of the first HF signal and a distance to a reflecting object; and an adapter device, which is coupled between the diplex/mixing device and the transceiver device, for adapting the impedance of the transceiver device as a function of the frequency of the first HF signal.

Abstract: A method for a radar for detecting a noise floor level of an electric signal corresponding to an incident radio wave received by the radar, the incident radio wave including a return of a radar wave that is transmitted from the radar toward a measuring range of the radar to detect target object characteristic including presence of a target object within the measuring range of the radar, a distance between the target object and the radar, and a relative speed of the target object to the radar is provided. The method includes steps of: calculating a histogram of intensities of frequency components, the frequency components exceeding a predetermined value relating to the measuring range, and extracting an intensity having the maximum height in the histogram as the noise floor level of the electric signal.

Abstract: A vehicle-installed direction detection apparatus is controlled in accordance with the vehicle speed, to detect respective directions of one or more target objects by selectively applying high-resolution detection processing or low-resolution detection processing to received signals obtained from the elements of an array antenna of a radar apparatus, with the selection being determined in accordance with whether the speed attains a predetermined threshold value. The high-resolution detection processing is based on correlation between the received signals, utilizing an null scan type of algorithm such as MUSIC, while the low-resolution detection processing is based for example on digital beam forming.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to prevent the sensitivity of radar apparatus from falling. A spread spectrum radar apparatus which detects an object, includes a carrier wave oscillator which generates a carrier wave, transmission unit which transmits a spread signal which is the carrier wave spread using a first PN code, an intermediate demodulated signal generating unit which receives a reflected wave which is the spread signal reflected from the object, and despreads the reflected wave using a delayed second PN code that has a cyclically reversed logical value of the first PN code, to generate an intermediate demodulated signal, a low-pass filter through which a specific frequency component of the intermediate demodulated signal passes, and a sampling unit which samples an output signal from the low-pass filter, and the sampling unit samples the output signal in synchronization with the cycle of the reversal.

Abstract: A method of timing recovery comprises receiving an input signal, sampling the input signal to produce a plurality of signal samples, detecting the samples to produce an output signal, and controlling timing of the sampling in response to a maximum-likelihood estimation of timing error between an actual sampling time instant and a desired sampling time instant. Apparatus that performs the method is also provided.

Abstract: A method for detection of an object, the method including irradiating a target with two electromagnetic wave energy beams, a first beam at a first frequency and a second beam at a second frequency, the first frequency being lower than the second frequency, both beams being polarized in a first direction, and determining a presence of an object by analyzing reflections of the first and second beams, wherein if there is a dominant reflection polarization in the first direction for both the first and second frequencies, then the target is considered not to have the object, and if there is a dominant reflection polarization in the first direction for only one of the first and second frequencies and a depolarized reflection at the other of the first and second frequencies, then the target is considered to have the object.

Abstract: A synthetic aperture radar acquires an image of one or more objects and identifies them as targets. The objects are located in the proximity of clutter within the image such of trees, or a tree line. The radar acquires a SAR image having pixels descriptive of the clutter and the object(s). Regions having object pixels are identified within the synthetic aperture image using an object identification (algorithm), where the object identification (algorithm) utilizes one or more historically known target characteristics and one or more measured characteristic to obtain an output. Boundaries are identified for the one or more objects within the output using an object isolation, such as, for example, a Watershed transform. Clutter pixels are identified external to the one or more objects. The clutter pixels are suppressed from the synthetic aperture image thereby generating a clutter reduced image containing the one or more objects.

Abstract: Radiolocalization receiver for a satellite radiolocalization system like GPs, Galileo or the like, including a staged correlation and accumulation unit, in which the correlation data is biased in order lo be to always non-negative. Thanks to this feature, the accumulated data grow monotonically during the accumulation. Overflow rate of a rust correlation stage (100, 150-153) is scaled down respect to the rate of the input data. Thus the higher correlation stages (200, 154-158) can be used in multiplex. The bit-flip rate in memories is very low, with an effective reduction of dynamic power consumption. The logic structure of the accumulator is also simplified by the invention, thus further savings in silicon space and power are possible.

Abstract: A calibration system for the receiver of a dual polarization radar system has been developed. The system includes a radar transmitter that transmits signals in horizontal and vertical polarizations and a radar receiver that receives the horizontal and vertical polarization signals. The system also includes a test signal generator that generates a continuous wave test signal. A calibration circuit for the radar receiver modifies the test signal to simulate weather conditions by adjusting the attenuation and Doppler phase shift of a continuous wave test signal.

Abstract: A wavefront curvature effect associated with a complex image produced by a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can be mitigated based on which of a plurality of possible flight paths is taken by the SAR when capturing the image. The mitigation can be performed differently for different ones of the flight paths.

Abstract: The multi-target tracking and discrimination system (MOST) fuses with and augments existing BMDS sensor systems. Integrated devices include early warning radars, X-band radars, Lidar, DSP, and MOST which coordinates all the data received from all sources through a command center and deploys the GBI for successful interception of an object detected anywhere in space, for example, warheads. The MOST system integrates the optics for rapid detection and with the optical sensor array delivers high-speed, high accuracy positional information to radar systems and also identifies decoys. MOST incorporates space situational awareness, aero-optics, adaptive optics, and Lidar technologies. The components include telescopes or other optical systems, focal plane arrays including high-speed wavefront sensors or other focal plane detector arrays, wavefront sensor technology developed to mitigate aero-optic effects, distributed network of optical sensors, high-accuracy positional metrics, data fusion, and tracking mounts.

Abstract: A hostile intention assessment system and method wherein a tracking sensor subsystem (e.g., radar) tracks targets relative to a critical asset. Determinations are made to assess if a first target is approaching a second target, and to assess if the second target is approaching the critical asset. If the first target is approaching the second target to hide in the radar shadow thereof and the second target is approaching sufficiently close to the critical asset, an alert is generated.

Abstract: An external primary spectrum user detector (ESUD) is used to take over the role of integral radar detectors, and relieve user devices of the constraints associated with Primary Spectrum User detection. The ESUD can establish a relationship with the user devices by means of a cryptographic signature. The ESUD installation includes assigning it a frequency band to scan for primary spectrum user signals and the type of signals to be detected. Once activated, the ESUD will scan its assigned frequencies and emit to types of messages, “All Clear” and “Primary Spectrum User detected.” User devices on the network listen for the ESUD messages. In the absence of messages from the ESUD, the user devices activate their internal primary spectrum user detectors until ESUD messages are received.

Abstract: In an aircraft-mounted Doppler radar clutter rejection system, a flexible, sharp band pass filter uses Taylor weighting, an FFT and a module for selecting which of the Doppler cells are to be activated, thus to control the band pass characteristic and set the clutter line to the speed of the aircraft.

Abstract: A method of mapping steel reinforcements in an existing concrete foundation. The method includes determining the depth of the concrete foundation. Further the method entails transmitting radar signals into at least one section of the concrete foundation and collecting reflection data in response to the radar signals being transmitted into the concrete foundation. Based on the collected reflection data, determining the general location of at least some of the steel reinforcements in the concrete foundation. Thereafter, surgically cutting into the concrete foundation and exposing at least some of the steel reinforcements in a portion of the concrete foundation. Once some of the steel reinforcements are exposed, the method entails measuring the size and spacing of the steel reinforcements.

Abstract: A method and system for predicting a trajectory of an air-to-surface target missile is provided, including detecting a plurality of echo wave signals from the target missile through a plurality of sensors deployed at various locations relative to the target missile, extracting at least one range distance and at least one radial velocity, respectively, from the detected echo wave signals from the sensors by using a hybrid FSK/LFM unit, using a two-stage Kalman filter to filter the computed range distance and radial velocity to obtain a relative distance, a relative velocity and a relative acceleration, respectively, of the target missile, and finally applying trilateration on the relative distance, relative velocity and relative acceleration of the target missile from each two-stage Kalman filter to obtain a location, velocity and acceleration along the x, y, z directions.

Abstract: A weather radar system is capable of mitigating the effects of spurious reflections caused by a reflection lobe. Processing electronics can be used to sense weather and to identify spurious reflections caused by the reflection lobe. The reflection lobe can be caused by antennae or radome characteristics. The weather radar system can include a display that provides visual indicia of the weather with mitigation of the spurious reflections.

Abstract: A weather radar system has bright band detection and compensation. The weather radar system determines that high reflectivity in weather is a bright band and reduces an encoded return level from the bright band to compensate for it on a display. The weather radar system detects the presence of the bright band using an inference system that uses outside air temperature, aircraft altitude, and an assumed lapse rate to estimate the bright band location relative to the aircraft and uses antenna elevation to estimate bright band range to reduce the encoded radar return level on the display. The weather radar system may also detect the presence of the bright band using a detection system that uses radar estimates from normal reflectivity scan operation of the system. The weather radar system may also use an active detection process separate from a normal radar sampling process to detect the bright band.

Abstract: Systems and methods are presented for associating time slices of a received signal with previously encountered time slices. A parameter determination component determines at least one parameter for each received time slice. A content addressable memory stores a plurality of parameter values associated with the previously encountered time slices. The content addressable memory is searchable such that the determined at least one parameter for each received time slice can be compared to the stored plurality of parameter values to provide a memory output. An emitter matching component associates a given received time slice with one of a plurality of emitters according to the memory output.

Abstract: The code generation apparatus includes: a clock generation unit (160) which generates a clock signal of a first frequency; a timing control unit (130) which generates a timing signal of a second frequency lower than the first frequency; a code table storage unit (120) in which a plurality of code sequences serving as a source for a pseudo-noise code is stored; an address control unit (110) which selects, according to the timing signal, a code sequence to be read, from among a plurality of code sequences; a partial code sequence extraction unit (140) which extracts, as a partial code sequence, a code of a predetermined length, from the code sequence to be read; and a parallel-series conversion unit (150) which outputs the partial code sequence by one bit at a time, according to the clock signal.