Abstract: An exterior vehicle component includes a proximity member disposed along an outer perimeter of an electromagnetic wave transmission member provided at a center of the component which is disposed in front of a radar device. The proximity member includes a chromium-plated portion formed on its front surface which reflects an electromagnetic wave. The proximity member is formed of an acrylate-styrene-acrylonitrile resin or a modified polyphenylene oxide resin having an attenuation coefficient for electromagnetic wave transmission, which is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a ridge waveguide filter having a slow-wave structure. The ridge waveguide is formed of a conductive sidewall-from metallic materials and may be in the form of a hollow tube, such as a rectangular hollow tube or a circular hollow tube, for example. The method comprises the steps of: forming a conductive body portion of an elongate hollow tube, wherein the body portion has an open top a bottom wall, two opposing side walls and an open top; providing a substrate having a top surface onto which a plurality of photoresist layers are formed; etching the top surface of the substrate to form a plurality of trenches in the substrate; plating the etched substrate surface with a layer of conductive material; and attaching the etched substrate to the conductive body portion to cover the open top of the conductive body portion.

Abstract: An antenna unit consists of an EBG reflector, a single curl antenna supported at a central portion of the EBG reflector, and a periodic structure upper plate disposed apart from a principal surface of the EBG reflector by a predetermined distance. The EBG reflector includes a substrate having the principal surface and (Nx×Ny) square patches which are printed on the principle surface of the substrate and which are arranged in a matrix fashion (lattice structure). The periodic structure upper plate consists of a film and (Nx×Ny) square patch-like conductors printed on the film. The (Nx×Ny) square patch-like conductors are disposed so as to oppose to the (Nx×Ny) square patches, respectively.

Abstract: By configuring a high impedance frequency selective surface (HZ-FSS) structure for the appropriate values of surface impedance (surface resistance and surface reactance), a high frequency artificial ferrite metamaterial can be synthesized with almost any desired value of real and imaginary permeability. Materials with these properties have not previously been physically realizable at frequencies above 1 GHz.

Abstract: Alternating impedance electromagnetic bandgap (AI-EBG) structures, systems incorporating AI-EBG structures, and methods of making AI-EBG structures, are disclosed.

Abstract: Leaky wave antenna beam steering that is capable of steering in a backward direction, as well as further down toward the horizon in the forward direction than was previously possible, and also directly toward zenith. The disclosed antenna and method involve applying a non-uniform impedance function across a tunable impedance surface in order to obtain such leaky wave beam steering.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a multiband frequency distributed circuit apparatus with FSS. The apparatus includes a circuit, a first dielectric layer, a first FSS layer, a second layer and a ground plane. The first dielectric layer is operatively coupled to the circuit. The first FSS layer is operatively coupled to the first dielectric layer and is capable of passing a first frequency band. The second layer is operatively coupled to the first FSS layer and includes a dielectric material. The ground plane is operatively coupled to the second layer. A method for implementing a multiband frequency distributed circuit is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for beam steering. A feed horn is arranged so that the feed horn illuminates a tunable impedance surface comprising a plurality of individually tunable resonator cells, each resonator element having a reactance tunable by a tuning element associated therewith. The tuning elements associated with the tunable impedance surface are adjusted so that the resonances of the individually tunable resonator cells are varied in a sequence and the resonances of the individually tunable resonator cells are set to values which improve transmission of information via the tunable impedance surface and the feed horn.

Abstract: A multibeam antenna includes: a photonic bandgap material (20) having at least one band gap; at least one periodicity defect so as to produce at least one narrow bandwidth inside the at least one band gap of the photonic bandgap material, and excitation elements (50 to 43) for enabling electromagnetic waves to be received inside the at least one narrow bandwidth. The excitation elements are mutually arranged so as to generate radiating spots (46 to 49) partly overlapping on one surface of the photonic bandgap material.

Abstract: Antenna assemblies and corresponding modes of operation are provided where the first antenna assembly of the system is tuned to a first frequency band ?1 and the second antenna assembly of the antenna system is tuned to a second frequency band ?2. The ground plane of the first antenna assembly is configured as a frequency selective surface that is substantially reflective of radiation in the first frequency band and substantially transparent to radiation in the second frequency band. The second ground plane may also be configured as a frequency selective surface and may be reflective of radiation in the second frequency band.

Abstract: An electromagnetic medium is described, the electromagnetic medium comprising a periodic array patterned to provide at least one photonic bandgap and to provide negative refraction for incident radiation at an operating frequency lying within the at least one photonic bandgap. The periodic array includes an externally powered gain material having an amplification band that includes the operating frequency.

Abstract: An electromagnetic bandgap device is mountable on a RF disturbing structure of an antenna to minimize signal field disturbance imparted thereby. The RF disturbing structure is oriented in a direction substantially parallel to a path of travel of an antenna signal and located within a field covered by the signal transmitted by a feed. The bandgap device comprises a plurality of RF perturbing elements connected to the RF disturbing structure and spaced apart from one another in the direction substantially parallel to the signal path. The perturbing elements are positioned, configured and sized to direct a disturbed portion of the signal away therefrom to reduce field disturbance generated by the disturbed signal portion interacting with an undisturbed portion of the antenna signal.

Abstract: A compensating structure includes layers of non-uniform arrays of conductive patches configured to provide phase and/or amplitude distribution modification of feed primary patterns.

Abstract: A method for guiding waves over objects, a method for improving a performance of an antenna, and a method for improving a performance of a radar are disclosed. The methods disclosed teach how an impedance structure can be used to guide waves over objects.

Abstract: Electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures, systems incorporating EBG structures, and methods of making EBG structures, are disclosed. An embodiment of the structure, among others, includes a plurality of first elements disposed on a first plane of a device; and a second element connecting each first element to an adjacent first element, the second element being disposed on the first plane of the device. The structure is configured to substantially filter electromagnetic waves to a stopband floor of about ?40 dB to about ?120 dB in a bandgap of about 100 MHz to about 50 GHz having a width selected from about 1 GHz, 2 GHz, 3 GHz, 5 GHz, 10 GHz, 20 GHz, and 30 GHz. In addition, the structure has a center frequency positioned at a frequency from about 1 GHz to 37 GHz.

Abstract: A method and apparatus including, in some embodiments, a first conductor plane, a first array of periodically distributed co-planar conductive patches, each patch in the first array being connected to the first conductor plane, a second conductor plane separated from and parallel to the first conductor plane, and a second array of periodically distributed co-planar conductive patches, with each patch in the second array being connected to the second conductor plane, and where the first array and second array of periodically distributed co-planar elements are distributed in an overlapping and alternating adjacency.

Abstract: A composite material and related methods are described, the composite material being configured to exhibit a negative effective permittivity and/or a negative effective permeability for incident radiation at an operating wavelength, the composite material comprising an arrangement of electromagnetically reactive cells of small dimension relative to the operating wavelength. Each cell includes an externally powered gain element for enhancing a resonant response of that cell to the incident radiation at the operating wavelength.

Abstract: This invention relates to a low-profile lens antenna. In particular, this invention relates to a low-profile lens antenna for use in a depression in a surface, e.g. a concavity in the ground. A low-profile lens antenna is provided that comprises a feed and a lens, wherein the lens is shaped to produce a radiation pattern that shows a general increase in power from 0° to 90° from the central axis of the antenna when illuminated with radiation from the feed.

Abstract: Briefly, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, an apparatus to suppress surface currents is provided. The apparatus may include very high frequency (VHF) antenna and a frequency selective surface (FSS) structure adjacent to the VHF antenna. The FSS structure may include a ground plane, a first conductive via coupled to the ground plane, and a first conductive plate coupled to the first conductive via, wherein the FSS structure has a band gap frequency in the VHF band.

Abstract: An antenna system is disclosed. The antenna system includes at least one antenna element and an adaptable frequency-selective-surface responsive to operating characteristics of the at least one antenna element and/or surrounding environmental conditions.

Abstract: An electrically conductive coating of an automotive heatable windshield has a communication window having an enhanced frequency selective surface having arranged passing areas (uncoated areas) and blocking areas (coated areas) to pass and block, respectively, predetermined wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. In one nonlimiting embodiment, the frequency selective surface includes a plurality columns spaced from one another by a continuous elongated blocking area. Each of the columns includes passing areas with each of the passing areas have a perimeter with a blocking area in the perimeter spaced from the perimeter. The perimeters of the passing areas contact one another with the blocking area of adjacent passing areas spaced from one another. The elongated blocking area between the break lines and columns extend to the perimeter of the communication window.

Abstract: To provide an object detecting device having a capability of sufficiently adjusting the detection areas to suit to the environment in which it is installed, the object detecting device includes an antenna AT for emitting a detecting beam to the detection areas and receiving a portion of the detecting beam which has been reflected from the detection areas, and adjusting covers 6 and 7 covering a front portion of the antenna AT and operable to adjust respective figurations of the detection areas. The adjusting covers 6 and 7 are selectively fitted one at a time to the front portion of the antenna AT for defining a different figuration of the detection areas. When one of the adjusting covers, that is, the cover 6 that is formed with a pair of cutouts 63 and 63 for suppressing the side lobe of the detecting beam is selectively used, the detection areas can be defined having no unnecessary detection areas.

Abstract: At least one filter block (25, 35, 45) is formed in a thin and flat dielectric multilayer structure (21) and fixed with radiation elements (2, 3). Each filter block includes at least one of a low-pass filter, a high-pass filter and a band-eliminating filter. On the surface (one major surface) side and/or the side face of the multilayer structure, at least one radiation element (2, 3) being connected with the filter block is provided and feeding parts (28, 38, 48) for supplying signal to the radiation elements are provided on the rear surface of the multilayer structure. Consequently, the antenna and the filter block are integrated and a small surface mountable antenna with a built-in filter of a structure such that signals are not mixed each other even when signals of a plurality of frequency bands are transmitted/received can be obtained.

Abstract: A phased array antenna (100) having a frequency selective surface comprises a substrate (125) and an array of antenna elements (140) thereon. Each antenna element comprises a medial feed portion (42) and a pair of legs (49) extending outwardly therefrom. Adjacent legs of adjacent antenna elements include respective spaced apart end portions (51). The antenna further comprises at least one fluidic dielectric residing within at least one cavity (170) within the substrate and arranged between a plane where the array of dipole antenna elements reside and a ground plane (150), at least one composition processor (104) adapted for dynamically changing a composition of said fluidic dielectric, and a controller (102) for controlling the composition processor to selectively vary at least one of a permittivity and a permeability of the fluidic dielectric in at least one cavity in response to a control signal (105).

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for operating a frequency selective surface are disclosed. The apparatus can be tuned to an on/off state or transmit/reflect electromagnetic energy in any frequency. The methods disclosed teach how to tune the frequency selective surface to an on/off state or transmit/reflect electromagnetic energy in any frequency.

Abstract: A polarized wave separator includes a tubular waveguide, and a partition extending in the waveguide along the longitudinal direction thereof. The end of the partition facing the longitudinal direction is a step-graded end taking a stepped configuration when viewed from the side. A dielectric portion is disposed so as to cover at least the portion of the step-graded end when viewed in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A rectenna structure comprising a flexible, dielectric sheet of material; a plurality of metallic lenslets disposed on the sheet of material; and a plurality of diodes disposed on the sheet of material, each diode in said plurality of diodes being arranged at a focus of a corresponding one of said plurality of metallic lenslets.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antenna system including a Luneberg Lens having a spherically shaped outer surface and a spherically shaped focal surface spaced from its outer surface with a plurality of patch antenna elements disposed along the focal surface of the Luneberg Lens; and a power combiner for combining signals received by said plurality of patch antenna elements. The disclosed antenna system may be used a part of a robust GPS system having a plurality of GPS satellites each transmitting a GPS signal; a plurality of airborne GPS platforms, each GPS platform including a GPS transmitter for transmitting its own GPS signal, the GPS signals being transmitted from the plurality of airborne GPS platforms being differentiated from the GPS signals transmitted by visible GPS satellites; and at least one terrestrially located GPS receiver for receiving the GPS signals transmitted by visible ones of the GPS satellites and by visible ones of said airborne GPS platforms.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to reconfigurable, solid-state matrix arrays comprising multiple rows and columns of reconfigurable secondary mechanisms that are independently tuned. Specifically, the invention relates to reconfigurable devices comprising multiple, solid-state mechanisms characterized by at least one voltage-varied parameter disposed within a flexible, multi-laminate film, which are suitable for use as magnetic conductors, ground surfaces, antennas, varactors, ferrotunable substrates, or other active or passive electronic mechanisms.

Abstract: A dual-band electromagnetic band gap (EBG) electronically scanned antenna utilizing frequency selective surfaces (FSS) uses FSS waveguide phase shifters. Each FSS waveguide phase shifter has a low-frequency phase shifter with low-frequency EBG devices on vertical waveguide walls, horizontal waveguide broadwalls that are substantially twice the width of the vertical waveguide walls and an FSS located at the center of the horizontal waveguide broadwalls. Two high-frequency phase shifters are formed within the low-frequency phase shifter. Each high-frequency phase shifter comprises a vertical waveguide wall, the FSS, half of the horizontal waveguide broadwalls, and high-frequency EBG devices located on each half of the horizontal waveguide broadwalls, The FSS is transparent at a low frequency and opaque at a high frequency.

Abstract: A reconfigurable antenna comprises an array of interconnected gas enclosures, each of the enclosures being controllable between at least a first state in which gas within the enclosure is substantially non-conducting and a second state in which the gas within the enclosure forms an electrically conductive plasma. At least one pair of adjacent enclosures in the array is arranged such that configuring the pair of enclosures in the second state results in an electrical connection, between a first electrode associated with one of the enclosures of the pair and a second electrode associated with the other enclosure of the pair, through electrically conductive plasma of at least one of the enclosures of the pair. The reconfigurable antenna in an illustrative embodiment is operable in a plurality of different modes of operation by altering, from mode to mode, which of the enclosures are configured in the first state and which of the enclosures are configured in the second state.

Abstract: A multiple-frequency common antenna has a first substrate sheet and a second substrate sheet respectively structured by an HIP consisting of a metal plate, small metal plates disposed in two dimensions and linear metal bars connecting these elements. The antenna restricts propagation of surface currents of the first and second frequency bands which are not overlapping with each other. An inverse L-shape antenna and a monopole antenna which are fed with a center conductor and an external conductor of the coaxial line respectively operate as the antenna on the first substrate sheet in the first frequency band and second frequency band. The second substrate sheet does not propagate the radiated wave of the monopole antenna, thereby avoiding unwanted re-radiation.

Abstract: A radome adapted to reduce backlobes of an associated reflector antenna via application of a conductive ring with an inward facing edge about the periphery of the radome. The conductive ring may be applied extending around the radome periphery to an inside and or outside surface of the radome. The conductive ring may be formed upon the radome by metalising, electrodaging, over molding or the like. Further, the conductive ring may be a metal, metallic foil, conductive foam or the like which is coupled to the radome. An absorber in the form of a ring or a surface coating applied to the radome and or the distal end of the reflector may also be added between the radome and the reflector.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are various high-impedance surfaces having high capacitance and inductance properties and methods for their manufacture. One exemplary high-impedance surface includes a plurality of conductive structures arranged in a lattice, wherein at least a subset of the conductive structures include a plurality of conductive plates arranged along a conductive post so that the conductive plates of one conductive structure interleave with one or more conductive plates of one or more adjacent conductive structure. Another exemplary high-impedance surface includes a plurality of conductive structures arranged in a lattice, where the conductive structures include one or more fractalized conductive plates having either indentions and/or projections that are coextensive with corresponding projections or indentations, respectively, of one or more adjacent conductive structures. Also disclosed are various exemplary implementations of such high-impedance surfaces.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are various high-impedance surfaces having high capacitance and inductance properties. One exemplary high-impedance surface includes a plurality of conductive structures arranged in a lattice, wherein at least a subset of the conductive structures include a plurality of conductive plates arranged along a conductive post so that the conductive plates of one conductive structure interleave with one or more conductive plates of one or more adjacent conductive structure. Another exemplary high-impedance surface includes a plurality of conductive structures arranged in a lattice, where the conductive structures include one or more fractalized conductive plates having either indentions and/or projections that are coextensive with corresponding projections or indentations, respectively, of one or more adjacent conductive structures. Also disclosed are various exemplary implementations of such high-impedance surfaces.

Abstract: An array of dielectric wave antennas is disclosed. Each wave antenna has a central dielectric portion and two dielectric tapered portions, disposed on opposite sides of the central dielectric portion. The array is deployed in a lens shape and allows variation of the phase delay of an incident electromagnetic wave when passing through the array.

Abstract: A shield structure that transmits a radio wave in a specific frequency band and that exhibits a high shield characteristic in other bands. An opening portion having a specific shape and a specific perimeter length is formed on a conductor. A filter having a specific shape and a specific size is connected to the opening portion.

Abstract: Several electromagnetic scattering structures are designed to improve antenna radiation patterns. The electromagnetic scattering structure has a conductive layer with certain patterns, and is applied on the radome of the base-station sector antenna. The electromagnetic waves radiating from the antenna therein induce scattering effects, which, together with the electromagnetic diffractions from the rear metal panel of the antenna, can substantially reduce the back lobe and the fields in regions not covered by the antenna. Thus, the antenna radiation patterns are improved so that a lower possibility of co-channel interferences between adjacent base stations can be achieved and therefore better efficiency of the base-station coverage also can be obtained.

Abstract: A monoblock ceramic triplexer for connection to an antenna, a transmitter, a receiver and a GPS receiver is described. The triplexer includes a solid, monolithic core of dielectric material defining a plurality of through-holes extending between top and bottom surfaces. The surfaces of the core present a pattern of metallized and unmetallized areas including a relatively expansive metallized area, a transmitter coupling area, first and second receiver coupling areas spaced, an antenna coupling metallized area and an unmetallized area circumscribing at least one of the openings on the top surface. The antenna coupling metallized area includes a top surface extension towards the first receiver coupling area, and the expanded metallized area includes a top surface extension between adjacent resonator through-holes.

Abstract: DC inductive FSS technology is a printed slow wave structure usable for reduced size resonators in antenna and filter applications of wireless applications. It is a dispersive surface defined in terms of its parallel LC equivalent circuit that enhances the inductance and capacitance of the equivalent circuit to obtain a pole frequency as low as 300 MHz. The effective sheet impedance model has a resonant pole whose free-space wavelength can be greater than 10 times the FSS period. A conductor-backed DCL FSS can create a DC inductive artificial magnetic conductor (DCL AMC), high-impedance surface with resonant frequencies as low as 2 GHz. Lorentz poles introduced into the DCL FSS create multi-resonant DCL AMCs. Antennas fabricated from DCL FSS materials include single-band elements such as a bent-wire monopole on the DCL AMC and multi-band (dual and triple) shorted patches, similar to PIFAs with the patch/lid being a DCL FSS.

Abstract: Leaky wave antenna beam steering that is capable of steering in a backward direction, as well as further down toward the horizon in the forward direction than was previously possible, and also directly toward zenith. The disclosed antenna and method involve applying a non-uniform impedance function across a tunable impedance surface in order to obtain such leaky wave beam steering.

Abstract: An antenna system includes an antenna element and an electromagnetic bandgap element proximate the antenna element wherein the electromagnetic bandgap element is optimized for narrow bandwidth operation thereby providing radiofrequency selectivity to the antenna system. Preferably the electromagnetic bandgap element is tunable such as through use of a bias-alterable dielectric substrate or other tuning mechanism. The design approach also provides a means of creating an ultra-thin low-profile narrowband tunable channel selective antenna system suitable for low frequency applications.

Abstract: A polarizer for an antenna and antenna structures are disclosed. According to one aspect a polarizer includes a generally cylindrical sidewall portion extending between spaced apart end portions. At least one polarizing structure extends substantially continuously along an interior of the sidewall portion and extends radially inwardly relative to the sidewall portion according to a first radius in a longitudinal direction and a second radius in a transverse direction. The polarizer can be implemented as part of an antenna structure, which further can be integrated with a transition stage and/or a horn.

Abstract: A reflector antenna system may include an arc-shaped antenna reflector defining a first antenna beam, and a phased array antenna positioned in the first antenna beam including first and second arrays of antenna elements coupled together in back-to-back relation. The first array may face the antenna reflector, and the second array may face away from it. A controller switchable between a reflecting mode and a direct mode may be connected to the arrays. The controller, when in the reflecting mode, may cause back-to-back pairs of first antenna elements from the arrays to define a feed-through zone for the first antenna beam, and cause second antenna elements in the first array to define a first active zone for the first antenna beam. Furthermore, when in the direct mode, the controller may cause antenna elements in the second array to define a second active zone for a second antenna beam.

Abstract: Briefly, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, a frequency selective surface (FSS) structure and a method is provided. The FSS structure may include a first conductive plate over a first surface of a substrate. The FSS structure may further include a first printed inductor over the first surface of the substrate and coupled to the first conductive plate. The method may include forming a frequency selective surface by patterning a first conductive material over a surface of a substrate to form a printed inductor.

Abstract: System and method for improving the interference resistance of an radio frequency (RF) antenna system through passive prescreening of the RF energy incident upon the antenna. The invention physically partitions the RF environment into two or more sectors with respect to the direction of arrival of incident energy. The power level of the RF frequencies of interest incident upon each sector is determined such that whenever the power level exceeds a given threshold, the received signal from energy incident on that sector is modified.

Abstract: A waveguide (100) including at least one outer surface (105, 110, 115, 120) defining a waveguide cavity (140) and at least one inner surface (130, 135) positioned within the waveguide cavity (140). The inner surface (130, 135) includes a frequency selective surface (FSS) having a plurality of FSS elements (145) coupled to at least one substrate. The substrate defines a first propagation medium such that an RF signal having a first wavelength in the first propagation medium can pass through the FSS (130, 135). The FSS (130, 135) is coupled to a second propagation medium such that in the second propagation medium the RF signal has a second wavelength which is at least twice as long as a physical distance between centers of adjacent FSS elements (145). The second wavelength can be different than the first wavelength.

Abstract: A multiple slot antenna wherein the slots are arranged in a planar configuration and therein the antenna further comprises a plurality of plano-convex Rotman lenses disposed in a stack, each plano-convex Rotman lens in said stack having a major surface disposed at an angle to the planar configuration of the slots of the antenna, with planar portions of the each Rotman lens defining a portion of each one of the slots of the antenna.

Abstract: A system and method for providing a global positioning system (GPS) enabled antenna system are provided. The GPS enabled antenna may be used, for example, on a wireless communications device such as a wireless handset. The wireless communications device includes a GPS switching module coupled to a conventional communications antenna, including its associated circuitry. The GPS switching module is adapted to selectively couple the communications antenna to GPS matching circuitry. In this arrangement, the GPS matching circuitry adjusts impedance at approximately 1575 MHz to more closely match the communications antenna to GPS circuitry in the wireless device.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems, and a device that includes an output for providing at least a first signal at a first frequency and a distinct second signal at a distinct second frequency, a first signal channel connected between a first waveguide port and the output, the first waveguide port providing a harmonic of the first signal, and, a distinct second signal channel connected between a second waveguide port and the output, the second waveguide port providing a harmonic of the second signal, where the first signal channel includes a notch filter centered substantially at the distinct second frequency, and the second signal channel includes a notch filter centered substantially at the first frequency.