Refracting Means And Radio Wave Energy Filters (e.g., Lenses And Polarizers) Patents (Class 343/909)
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Patent number: 7639206Abstract: A frequency selective surface-based (FSS-based) device (200) for processing electromagnetic waves providing at least a third-order response. The FSS-based device includes a first FSS (202), a second FSS (210), and a high quality factor (Q) FSS (206) interposed between the first and second FSSs. A first dielectric layer (204) and a second dielectric layer (208) separate the respective FSS layers. The first and second FSSs have first and second primary resonant frequencies, respectively. The high Q FSS has a lower primary resonant frequency relative to the first and second primary resonant frequencies. The overall electrical thickness of the FSS device can be <?/10. The high Q FSS has a loaded quality factor of at least thirty at the lower primary resonant frequency.Type: GrantFiled: May 5, 2008Date of Patent: December 29, 2009Assignee: University of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc.Inventor: Nader Behdad
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Patent number: 7639207Abstract: The radiation properties and wave guiding properties of frequency selective surfaces are used in conjunction with closely spaced antenna elements to fabricate antenna structures having adjustable radiation characteristics. The direction, magnitude, and polarization of radiation patterns for such antenna structures can be adjusted by varying the texture or patterning of layers of conducting material forming the frequency selective surfaces. The invention enables the fabrication of low profile antenna structures that can easily be conformed or integrated into complex surfaces without sacrificing antenna performance.Type: GrantFiled: September 10, 2008Date of Patent: December 29, 2009Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations, Inc.Inventors: Daniel F. Sievenpiper, Hui-Pin Hsu
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Patent number: 7639197Abstract: A dual-band stacked electromagnetic band gap (EBG) electronically scanned array (ESA) has a first aperture with a waveguide element spacing of less than ?/2 and a length to provide about 360° of upper frequency phase shift. A second aperture is stacked on the first aperture and has an element spacing of less than ?/2 at a lower frequency and a length such that when summed with the first aperture length about 360° of lower-frequency phase shift is provided. The second aperture comprises metal slats perpendicular to EBG slats to form an equivalent waveguide element with a broadwall dimension to support a TE10 mode at the upper frequency. The second aperture may also comprise metal slats and alternating frequency selective surface (FSS) slats with perpendicular EBG slats lengthening the broadwall at the upper frequency. The EBG slats provide lower-frequency phase shifting in both embodiments.Type: GrantFiled: July 28, 2006Date of Patent: December 29, 2009Assignee: Rockwell Collins, Inc.Inventor: Brian J. Herting
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Patent number: 7639205Abstract: A radio wave shield selectively shields radio waves of a specific frequency band.Type: GrantFiled: August 21, 2006Date of Patent: December 29, 2009Assignee: Mitsubishi Cable Industries, Ltd.Inventors: Toshio Kudou, Kazuyuki Kashihara
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Patent number: 7636070Abstract: An antenna, permitting the configuration of at least one radioelectric wave beam of at least one fixed wavelength, of the type including at least one transmitting element, preferably of the passive type, arranged in a set of essentially parallel, wave-reflecting wires or bars, made from a photonic band gap (BIP) material and forming a given structure. The given structure includes faults for shaping the at least one beam in a direction as a function of the position and/or the configuration of the faults. The wires or bars and the faults are arranged on a set of N curves which are closed and concentric on a plane, N being greater than or equal to 1 and the transmitting element is arranged within the innermost curve. The curves are preferably circular and the wires/bars can be controlled to pass from a wave-conducting/reflecting state to a transparent state.Type: GrantFiled: November 26, 2004Date of Patent: December 22, 2009Assignees: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite de Rennes 1, Universite Paris Sud (Paris XI)Inventors: André De Lustrac, Kouroch Mahdjoubi, Anne-Claude Tarot, Halim Boutayeb, Claude Terret
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Publication number: 20090309805Abstract: Method for focusing an electromagnetic or acoustic wave on a point near which one or more diffusers are placed, comprising a learning step in which the pulsed responses hij(t) between the focus point and each antenna of the network are determined. Waves corresponding to signals Sji(t)=Si(t)hij(?t), where Si(t) is a function of time and hij(?t) is a temporal inversion of the pulsed response hij(t), can then be transmitted form said antennas of the network.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 11, 2007Publication date: December 17, 2009Applicant: CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE-CNRS-Inventors: Mathias Fink, Geoffroy Lerosey, Julien De La Gorgue De Rosny, Arnaud Tourin
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Publication number: 20090303154Abstract: Planar sub-wavelength structures provide superlensing, i.e., electromagnetic focusing beyond the diffraction limit. The planar structures use diffraction to force the input field to converge to a spot on the focal plane. The sub-wavelength patterned structures manipulate the output wave in such a manner as to form a sub-wavelength focus in the near field. In some examples, the sub-wavelength structures may be linear grating-like structures that can focus electromagnetic radiation to lines of arbitrarily small sub-wavelength dimension, or two dimensional grating-like structures and Bessel (azimuthally symmetric) structures that can focus to spots of arbitrarily small sub-wavelength dimensions. The particular pattern for the sub-wavelength structures may be derived from the desired focus. Some examples describe sub-wavelength structures that have been implemented to focus microwave radiation to sub-wavelength dimensions in the near field.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 19, 2008Publication date: December 10, 2009Applicant: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGANInventors: Anthony Grbic, Roberto D. Merlin
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Patent number: 7629930Abstract: A system for reducing unwanted signals comprises a ground plane, a first active component disposed so as to cause signals in the ground plane, a second active component disposed so as to cause signals in the ground plane, wherein the ground plane provides a path for the signals from the first active component to affect the second active component and for the signals from the second active component to affect the first active component, and a filter element configured as a pattern in the ground plane receiving and attenuating the signals from each of the first and second active components.Type: GrantFiled: October 20, 2006Date of Patent: December 8, 2009Assignee: Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd.Inventors: Ross D. Murch, Chi-Yuk Chiu, Corbett Rowell
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Patent number: 7623088Abstract: There is disclosed a reflect array which may include a dielectric substrate having first and second surfaces. The second surface may support a conductive layer. A first array of conductive phasing elements and a second array of conductive phasing elements may be supported by the first surface. The first array may have a first pitch and the second array may have a second pitch different from the first pitch.Type: GrantFiled: December 7, 2007Date of Patent: November 24, 2009Assignee: Raytheon CompanyInventor: Kenneth W. Brown
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Patent number: 7623087Abstract: There is provided with a high-impedance substrate including: a finite ground plane; a plurality of metal plates arranged at a predetermined height from the finite ground plane and in a matrix pattern such that respective faces thereof are approximately parallel to the finite ground plane; and a plurality of linear conductive elements configured to connect the plurality of metal plates to the finite ground plane and, wherein outer metal plates arranged at an outermost periphery among the plurality of metal plates are connected with the linear conductive elements at edges of the outer metal plates.Type: GrantFiled: December 5, 2007Date of Patent: November 24, 2009Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha ToshibaInventors: Makoto Higaki, Kazuhiro Inoue, Shuichi Sekine, Akihiro Tsujimura
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Publication number: 20090273538Abstract: A compensating multi layer material includes two compensating layers adjacent to one another. A multi-layer embodiment of the invention produces sub-wavelength near-field focusing, but mitigates the thickness and loss limitations of the isotropic “perfect lens.” An antenna substrate comprises an indefinite material.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 27, 2009Publication date: November 5, 2009Applicant: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIAInventors: David R. Smith, David Schurig
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Patent number: 7612718Abstract: An apparatus and methods for operating a frequency selective surface are disclosed. The apparatus can be tuned to an on/off state or transmit/reflect electromagnetic energy in any frequency. The methods disclosed teach how to tune the frequency selective surface to an on/off state or transmit/reflect electromagnetic energy in any frequency.Type: GrantFiled: December 11, 2006Date of Patent: November 3, 2009Assignee: HRL Laboratories, LLCInventor: Daniel F. Sievenpiper
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Patent number: 7605769Abstract: In a multi-band U-slot planar antenna, a limited ground plane is provided. A connector includes a ground terminal connected to the ground plane and a feeding terminal for feeding a signal. A planar radiation device includes a feeding point connected to the feeding terminal, a central U-slot having a symmetrical configuration about a central axis thereof, the central axis extending vertically from the feeding point, and at least one pair of auxiliary U-slots symmetrical with each other about the central axis. In the multi-band U-slot planar antenna, alternatively, at least one auxiliary U-slot may have a symmetrical configuration about the central axis.Type: GrantFiled: April 16, 2007Date of Patent: October 20, 2009Assignee: Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd.Inventors: Jae Chan Lee, Jong Won Yu, Wang Sang Lee, Hyun Hak Kim
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Patent number: 7605768Abstract: A plurality of antenna end-fire antenna feed elements at a corresponding plurality of locations and oriented in a corresponding plurality of directions on a third dielectric substrate cooperate with a discrete lens array comprising a plurality of electromagnetic lens elements, each of which comprises first and second broadside antenna elements adjacent to respective first and second dielectric substrates and a conductive layer therebetween, wherein the conductive layer is adapted with at least one coupling slot in cooperation with associated first and second broadside antenna elements so as to provide for a delay element operative between the first and second broadside antenna elements, wherein the coupling slots are adapted so that a delay period of at least one of the electromagnetic lens elements is different from a delay period of at least another of the electromagnetic lens elements so as to provide for a nominal focal surface of the dielectric lens.Type: GrantFiled: October 31, 2007Date of Patent: October 20, 2009Assignee: TK Holdings Inc., ElectronicsInventors: James P. Ebling, Gabriel M. Rebeiz, Bernhard Schoenlinner
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Publication number: 20090243948Abstract: A modular unit for a radar antenna array having an integrated HF chip, at least one antenna element that has a microwave structure, a focusing element situated in the ray path of the radar antenna array upstream of the at least one antenna element, using which an amplified illumination of the HF chip is achieved, has, in particular, an addition-to-structure device, using which focusing elements of different antenna characteristics can be attached to the modular unit. The addition-to-structure device is preferably formed by fasteners such as clamping devices and plug-in devices. Positioning devices can additionally be provided, using which the focusing element can be attached to the modular unit with precision.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 9, 2006Publication date: October 1, 2009Inventors: Ewald Schmidt, Hans Irion, Juergen Hasch, Hans-Oliver Ruoss
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Patent number: 7595757Abstract: A portable communication device comprises an antenna arrangement having a radiating antenna element and a grounding layer comprising an AMC material structure facing the radiating antenna element. The AMC material structure includes at least one layer of patches connected to a smooth conducting layer using conducting vias and electrical connection elements that selectively interconnect patches in a layer with other elements of the AMC structure. In this way a low profile antenna arrangement is provided that allows the coverage of a broad frequency band and/or directivity.Type: GrantFiled: April 24, 2007Date of Patent: September 29, 2009Assignee: Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications ABInventors: Omid Sotoudeh, Soren Karlsson
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Publication number: 20090237323Abstract: An apparatus for reducing electromagnetic waves, includes an electromagnetic bandgap for reducing a surface current induced by electromagnetic waves that are emitted from a radiator; and an absorber for reducing a surface current around the electromagnetic bandgap and for diminishing diffracted waves radiated from an end of a terminal.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 12, 2009Publication date: September 24, 2009Inventors: Sang il Kwak, Jong Hwa Kwon, Dong-Uk Sim, Hyung-Do Choi, Chang-Joo Kim
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Publication number: 20090237322Abstract: A lens (300, 500) is disclosed for steering the exit direction (?) of an incident electromagnetic wave. The lens comprises a main body (210, 510) of a ferroelectric material with a first main surface (207, 507) and a first transformer (220, 222). The electromagnetic wave enters and exits the lens through the transformer, and the lens comprises means (370, 380) for creating a DC-field in a first direction in the main body. The main body (210, 510) of ferroelectric material comprises a plurality (21011-210NN, 51011-510NN) of slabs of the ferroelectric material, each slab also comprising a first (403, 603) and a second electrode of a conducting material. The means for creating a DC-field can create a gradient DC-field in the first direction using the first and second electrodes, so that the dielectric constant in the main body will also be a gradient in the first direction, thus enabling steering of the existing electromagnetic wave.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 8, 2004Publication date: September 24, 2009Applicant: TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL)Inventors: Vladimir Cherman, Pierre Fihol, Spartak Gevorgian, Ola Tageman, Anatoli Deleniv
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Patent number: 7586444Abstract: A high-frequency Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) device, and a method for making the device are provided. The device includes a first substrate including multiple conducting vias forming a periodic lattice. The vias of the first substrate extend from the lower surface of the first substrate to the upper surface of the first substrate. The device also includes a second substrate having multiple conducting vias forming a periodic lattice. The vias of the second substrate extend from the lower surface of the second substrate to the upper surface of the second substrate. The second substrate is positioned adjacent to, and overlapping, the first substrate, such that the lower surface of the second substrate is in contact with the upper surface of the first substrate, and such that a plurality of vias of the second substrate are in contact with a corresponding plurality of vias of the first substrate.Type: GrantFiled: December 5, 2006Date of Patent: September 8, 2009Assignee: Delphi Technologies, Inc.Inventors: Carl W. Berlin, Deepukumar M. Nair
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Patent number: 7576696Abstract: Antenna assemblies and corresponding modes of operation are provided where the first antenna assembly of the system is tuned to a first frequency band ?1 and the second antenna assembly of the antenna system is tuned to a second frequency band ?2. The ground plane of the first antenna assembly is configured as a frequency selective surface that is substantially reflective of radiation in the first frequency band and substantially transparent to radiation in the second frequency band. The second ground plane may also be configured as a frequency selective surface and may be reflective of radiation in the second frequency band. Any number of additional antenna arrays may be added so long as the outer arrays are transparent to the inner arrays.Type: GrantFiled: July 13, 2006Date of Patent: August 18, 2009Assignees: Syntonics LLC, The Ohio State Research FoundationInventors: Eric K. Walton, Eugene Y. Lee, Bruce Montgomery
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Publication number: 20090201221Abstract: Examples of the present invention include antennas and scattering elements having a metamaterial cloak configured so as to reduce effects on the operating parameters of a nearby antenna. For example, an antenna has an antenna frequency, and a cloak is disposed around the antenna having a frequency range in which the cloak is operative. The antenna frequency can lie outside the frequency range of the cloak, whereas the frequency of a second antenna lies within the frequency range of the cloak. In this case, the antenna is cloaked relative to the second antenna.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 6, 2009Publication date: August 13, 2009Applicant: The Penn State Research FoundationInventors: Douglas H. Werner, Do-Hoon Kwon
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Patent number: 7570221Abstract: Systems and methods for reducing the beamwidth of an antenna system are provided. An evanescent field generator generates an evanescent field representing a far field radio frequency (RF) signal received at the antenna system. A negative refractive index lens assembly focuses the evanescent field onto a focal plane. An RF detector assembly located in the focal plane detects the amplified evanescent field.Type: GrantFiled: September 26, 2007Date of Patent: August 4, 2009Assignee: Northrop Grumman CorporationInventors: Jack May, Stephen D. Stearns
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Patent number: 7564419Abstract: A composite polarizer including a first polarizer having a plurality of parallel metal vanes and a second polarizer having a plurality of parallel layers of dielectric material is provided. The first polarizer is disposed on an axis, and has a phase advance orientation orthogonal to the axis. The second polarizer is disposed on the axis and has a phase advance orientation orthogonal to the axis. The first polarizer has a first differential phase shift for a first frequency f1 and a second differential phase shift for a second frequency f2. The second polarizer has a first differential phase shift for the first frequency f1 and a second differential phase shift for the second frequency f2. A total of the first differential phase shifts of the first and second polarizers is about 90°, and a total of the second differential phase shifts of the first and second polarizers is about 90°.Type: GrantFiled: April 14, 2006Date of Patent: July 21, 2009Assignee: Lockheed Martin CorporationInventor: Kanti N. Patel
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Publication number: 20090179823Abstract: A two-dimensional structure medium comprising a conductor pattern as unit cells formed on the upper surface of a substrate and a conductor pattern formed on the lower surface of the substrate and exhibiting a left-handed characteristic achieved without using a via by utilizing the interaction between an inductance component formed by connecting a part of a floating island pattern out of the conductor pattern on the lower surface of the substrate with a pattern as the ground portion and a capacitance component of parallel-plate mode formed by the conductor pattern on the upper surface of the substrate and the conductor pattern on the lower surface of the substrate.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 27, 2006Publication date: July 16, 2009Inventor: Atsushi Sanada
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Patent number: 7561109Abstract: An antenna made up of addressable conductive segments, or pixel elements, affixed to the top of each piston in a piston array is presented. The pixel elements can be activated in less than a millisecond to form an antenna array and transmission line pattern using movable pistons and a two-dimensional actuator. Each piston comprises a handle, a bottom conductive segment affixed to the top of the handle, a dielectric segment affixed to the uppermost surface of the bottom conductive segment, and a top conductive segment affixed to the uppermost surface of the dielectric segment. When the piston is not actuated, the top conductive segment forms part of a ground plane. The top conductive segment form part of the transmission line and antenna array patterns, the dielectric segment becomes a dielectric space and the bottom conductive segment forms part of the ground plane when the piston is actuated.Type: GrantFiled: February 15, 2008Date of Patent: July 14, 2009Assignees: The Ohio State University Research Foundation, Syntonics LLCInventors: Eric K. Walton, Bruce G. Montgomery
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Patent number: 7557769Abstract: A radome, and corresponding method of making, comprising an electro-optic transparent substrate, a semiconductor coating on the substrate, and a frequency selective surface embedded in the coating.Type: GrantFiled: September 7, 2006Date of Patent: July 7, 2009Assignee: Lockheed Martin CorporationInventors: Thomas G. Picard, Rickey D. Akins
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Patent number: 7548217Abstract: A partially reflect surface antenna includes a substrate, a reflective sheet and a plurality of supporting units. The substrate has an upper surface formed thereon a signal I/O for receiving and outputting high frequency signal. The reflective sheet partially reflects the high frequency signal and includes an array antenna block located at the surface of the reflective sheet. The plurality of supporting units support the reflective sheet to locate at the upper surface of the substrate and to maintain a predetermined distance between the reflective sheet and the substrate. The area of the array antenna block ranges from 0.31 to 0.8 times of the surface area of the reflective sheet.Type: GrantFiled: April 3, 2008Date of Patent: June 16, 2009Assignee: Tatung University & Tatung CompanyInventor: The-Nan Chang
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Publication number: 20090135087Abstract: Techniques and apparatus based on metamaterial structures are provided for antenna and transmission line devices, including multilayer metallization metamaterial structures with one or more conductive vias connecting conductive parts in two different metallization layers.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 13, 2008Publication date: May 28, 2009Inventors: Ajay Gummalla, Maha Achour, Norberto Lopez, Shane Thornwall, Nhan Duc Nguyen, Gregory Poilasne
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Publication number: 20090135086Abstract: A radar system includes at least one transmit array comprising a plurality of metamaterial elements. The radar system further includes at least one near-field stimulator for inputting electromagnetic signal to the transmit array so that a sub-wavelength target is illuminated with an electromagnetic wave.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 13, 2007Publication date: May 28, 2009Applicant: Alliant Techsystems Inc.Inventors: Christopher Fuller, John R. Lamberg
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Publication number: 20090128445Abstract: A device for attenuating reflections of an electromagnetic wave impinging thereon and a method of making the device. The device includes a structured film comprised of at least one of a ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic material. The structured film has a structure and a uniform film portion of the at least one of a ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic material underneath the structure such that the structured film has at least two different resonance frequencies.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 31, 2006Publication date: May 21, 2009Applicant: Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHInventors: Klaus Seemann, Harald Leiste, Viacheslav Bekker, Stefan Zils
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Patent number: 7528778Abstract: Structures and a method of manufacturing an oscillator are disclosed. The structure contains a substrate with a first and a second major surfaces, a first plurality of conductors arranged in a first pattern on the first major surface, and a second plurality of conductors arranged in a second pattern on the second major surface at a first angle to said first plurality of conductors to reflect and transmit incoming RF energy in cross polarization to a polarization of said incoming RF energy. The method disclosed teaches how to manufacture an oscillator using the structure.Type: GrantFiled: February 3, 2006Date of Patent: May 5, 2009Assignee: HRL Laboratories, LLCInventor: Jonathan J. Lynch
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Patent number: 7528797Abstract: An electrical connector with a frequency-tuned groundplane is disclosed. The connector includes a signal medium to communicate an electrical signal and a frequency-tuned groundplane medium to communicate a reference voltage (i.e., ground). The groundplane medium differentially supplies the reference voltage to the groundplane second end, responsive to the frequency of the electrical signal. In one aspect, the first groundplane layer conductive trace includes a transmission line pattern, and the second groundplane layer conductive trace is connected to the first groundplane layer conductive trace through a plurality of conductive vias. For example, the first groundplane layer may include a plurality of conductive patches, some of which have a via connection to the second groundplane layer conductive trace.Type: GrantFiled: August 29, 2005Date of Patent: May 5, 2009Assignee: Kyocera Wireless Corp.Inventors: Vaneet Pathak, Gregory Poilasne
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Publication number: 20090109112Abstract: Apparatus, methods, and systems provide electromagnetic compression. In some approaches the electromagnetic compression is achieved with metamaterials. In some approaches the electromagnetic compression defines an electromagnetic distance between first and second locations substantially greater than a physical distance between the first and second locations, and the first and second locations may be occupied by first and second structures (such as antennas) having an inter-structure coupling (such as a near-field coupling) that is a function of the electromagnetic distance. In some approaches the electromagnetic compression reduces the spatial extent of an antenna near field.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 6, 2008Publication date: April 30, 2009Inventors: John Brian Pendry, David Schurig, David R. Smith
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Publication number: 20090109119Abstract: A phasing structure includes a support matrix for a reflective surface which reflects microwaves within an operation frequency band. The reflective surface includes a plurality of adjustable sub-panels. In one embodiment, the phasing structure may include a phasing arrangement of electromagnetically-loading structures supported by the support matrix. The sub-panels may be secured to the support matrix and individually adjustable using a securing means which, in one embodiment, includes one or more differential bolts matrix.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 31, 2007Publication date: April 30, 2009Applicant: Malibu Research Associates, Inc.Inventors: Dino C. Gonzalez, Daniel G. Gonzalez, Leslie E. Oliver
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Publication number: 20090109120Abstract: A microwave phasing structure configured to reflect microwaves within an operation frequency band includes a planar array of phasing. The plurality of phasing elements may be supported by a support grid having a first predefined spacing interval. The phasing structure may include a planar pattern including a plurality of openings having a second predefined spacing interval. The phasing structure may include a support means for securing the phasing array and the planar pattern substantially in parallel.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 31, 2007Publication date: April 30, 2009Applicant: Malibu Research Associates, Inc.Inventors: Leslie E. Oliver, Daniel G. Gonzalez, Dino C. Gonzalez
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Patent number: 7525501Abstract: A broadband omni-directional bicone antenna. The antenna can comprise conductive surfaces of conical voids provided within a solid dielectric structure. The outside surface of the solid structure can support a radio frequency (RF) lens geometry operable for beam forming. The beam forming can modify the elevation pattern of the electromagnetic radiation from the bicone antenna. The solid dielectric structure may be machined or molded from a single piece of material. The conical voids provided within the solid structure can be metallized to provide conductive bicone radiators. The outer surface beam shaping lenses can be zoned or continuous and can provide elevation patterns with increased gain, cosecant squared falloff, or various other patterns. The beam shaping lens may be formed from any low-loss dielectric. Alternatively, the lens may be formed from a less dense material such as dielectric foam that can support radial conductive beam forming vanes.Type: GrantFiled: February 12, 2007Date of Patent: April 28, 2009Assignee: EMS Technologies, Inc.Inventors: Donald N. Black, Terence D. Newbury, Alan Jones, R. Dean Parr, Bayne Bunce
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Patent number: 7525506Abstract: An antenna radome is associated with an antenna and comprises a plurality of radome elements arranged in an array. Each radome element comprises a dielectric substrate on which an upper surface is provided with a first fractal inductor layout and a lower surface is provided with a second fractal inductor layout. The second fractal inductor layout comprises a first inductor and a second inductor. The first inductor and second inductor are associated to accumulate charges so as to increase radiation directionality of the antenna.Type: GrantFiled: June 25, 2007Date of Patent: April 28, 2009Assignee: Industrial Technology Research InstituteInventors: Chun Yih Wu, Shih Huang Yeh, Ken Huang Lin, Hsin Lung Su, Chih Yung Lo
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Patent number: 7522105Abstract: A microstrip patch antenna utilizes a microstrip patch antenna substrate formed of photonic bandgap material. One or more periodic patterns may be used therewith to produce multiple bandgaps into the photonic bandgap material. The periodic patterns may be produced by introducing periodic defects into the dielectric material substrate with drilled holes, slots, shorted vias, blind vias, buried vias, and/or plated or unplated patterns, such as plated patterns on the groundplane or on internally positioned surfaces, or on the surface adjacent the radiating elements. One or more radiating elements are used on an upper surface of said microstrip patch antenna substrate, and a groundplane is formed on a lower surface of said microstrip patch antenna substrate.Type: GrantFiled: July 17, 2006Date of Patent: April 21, 2009Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventor: Julie Anne LaComb
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Patent number: 7522124Abstract: A compensating multi layer material includes two compensating layers adjacent to one another. A multi-layer embodiment of the invention produces subwavelength near-field focusing, but mitigates the thickness and loss limitations of the isotropic “perfect lens”. An antenna substrate comprises an indefinite material.Type: GrantFiled: August 29, 2003Date of Patent: April 21, 2009Assignee: The Regents of the University of CaliforniaInventors: David R. Smith, David Schurig
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Patent number: 7518465Abstract: A tunable high impedance surface device (100) includes a conductive ground plane (105) and a plurality of conductive elements (110-114) electrically connected to the conductive ground plane (105). The device (100) also includes a plurality of capacitive elements (120-124) operable to vary a predetermined electromagnetic characteristic of the apparatus and standoffs (130, 132) between the plurality of capacitive elements (120-124) and the plurality of conductive elements (110-114). In one form, laser-drilled and electrically conductive micro-vias (136, 138) extend through the standoffs (130, 132) thereby electrically connecting the plurality of capacitive elements (120-124) to a data bus (140). The capacitive elements (120-124) may be integral with a circuit board (144) that supports the plurality conductive elements (110-114).Type: GrantFiled: December 26, 2006Date of Patent: April 14, 2009Assignee: Motorola, Inc.Inventors: Jovica Savic, Gregory J. Dunn, John A. Svigelj
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Patent number: 7518566Abstract: A planar waveguide structure for creating a phase gradient between the input signals of a system of antenna elements requires relatively little space and also ensures relatively low-loss beam deflection. The waveguide structure is provided on a dielectric microwave substrate, which has at least one conductive layer on both sides. At least one of the two conductive layers is structured and constitutes the signal side of the wave structure, while the other conductive layer is used as ground. The waveguide structure includes at least one parallel plate guide having beam lobe ports for signal feed and signal pickup. This parallel plate guide has a curved-shaped reflector contour so that it functions as a signal reflector.Type: GrantFiled: March 4, 2005Date of Patent: April 14, 2009Assignee: Robert Bosch GmbHInventor: Joerg Schoebel
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Patent number: 7508353Abstract: An exterior vehicle component includes a proximity member disposed along an outer perimeter of an electromagnetic wave transmission member provided at a center of the component which is disposed in front of a radar device. The proximity member includes a chromium-plated portion formed on its front surface which reflects an electromagnetic wave. The proximity member is formed of an acrylate-styrene-acrylonitrile resin or a modified polyphenylene oxide resin having an attenuation coefficient for electromagnetic wave transmission, which is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.Type: GrantFiled: February 12, 2007Date of Patent: March 24, 2009Assignee: Honda Motor Co., Ltd.Inventor: Masahito Shingyoji
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Patent number: 7492329Abstract: A composite material comprising a dielectric material and a plurality of non-overlapping local resonant cell groups disposed across the dielectric material is described. Each local resonant cell group comprises a plurality of resonant cells that are small relative to a first wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that is incident upon the composite material. Each local resonant cell group has a spatial extent that is not larger than an order of the first wavelength. For each of the local resonant cell groups, the resonant cells therein are chirped with respect to at least one geometric feature thereof such that a plurality of different subsets of the resonant cells resonate for a respective plurality of wavelengths in a spectral neighborhood of the first wavelength. The composite material exhibits at least one of a negative effective permeability and a negative effective permittivity for each of the plurality of wavelengths in that spectral neighborhood.Type: GrantFiled: October 12, 2006Date of Patent: February 17, 2009Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.Inventors: Shih-Yuan Wang, Alexandre Bratkovski
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Publication number: 20090027279Abstract: A method of reducing electromagnetic field using metamaterial and a portable or wearable terminal having a structure for reducing an electromagnetic field using a metamaterial are provided. The method includes deciding a body contacting part of the portable or wearable terminal; and disposing an electromagnetic field reducing unit formed of metamaterial between an antenna and the decided body contacting part, wherein the metamaterial including a conductor and a dielectric adjusts a permittivity.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 18, 2008Publication date: January 29, 2009Inventors: Hyung-Do Choi, Dong-Ho Kim, Dong-Uk Sim, Jae-Ick Choi, Ae-Kyoung Lee
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Patent number: 7482990Abstract: A radar device for a mobile body, such as a vehicle, having a high degree of installation freedom. The radar device comprises a sensor body transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves, and path changing means placed in an electromagnetic wave path through which the electromagnetic waves pass and changing the propagation direction of the electromagnetic waves by refraction and/or reflection. Even when the installation site of the sensor body is restricted by requirements on a mobile body on which this radar device is to be mounted, the sensor body can be installed at the restricted site by changing the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves appropriately, while maintaining the functions of the sensor body appropriately.Type: GrantFiled: March 20, 2007Date of Patent: January 27, 2009Assignee: Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd.Inventors: Tetsuya Fujii, Chiharu Totani
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Patent number: 7482273Abstract: Radiant electromagnetic energy beam steering method achieved following antenna conversion from electrical current and voltage characterized signals to radiant wave characterized signals by way of the influence of gaseous plasma of controlled plasma density and electron density on the electromagnetic energy. Reflection and refraction mechanisms are used to impose plasma influence on the steered electromagnetic energy. The employed plasma properties are determined by an electrically energized array of electrodes disposed along the plasma extent. Adaptation of the method to widely differing wavelength parts of the electromagnetic energy spectrum is included. A plurality of prior art patents is identified in supplement of present disclosure of the invention.Type: GrantFiled: September 11, 2006Date of Patent: January 27, 2009Assignee: United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Air ForceInventors: Timothy R. Klein, Stanley Rogers
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Patent number: 7482994Abstract: A three dimensional (3D) fractal structure with H as the mother element is hereby disclosed. Such a 3D structure can act as selective total microwave reflectors or selective microwave filters in transmission. When excited through current injection, such a 3D fractal structure can act as highly efficient antenna for radiating or detecting pre-determined microwaves, with the relevant wavelength much larger than the size of the radiation or detection structure.Type: GrantFiled: April 5, 2006Date of Patent: January 27, 2009Assignee: The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyInventors: Weijia Wen, Ping Sheng, Bo Hou
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Patent number: 7474273Abstract: A gas plasma antenna with a rigid, flexible, or semi-flexible substrate and an improved method of generating a uniform electron density. The antenna comprises a plasma display panel (PDP) containing a multiplicity of Plasma-shells, each Plasma-shell containing a gas which is ionized to produce electron density. Each Plasma-shell acts alone or in concert with other Plasma-shells to form a dipole or pattern of dipoles.Type: GrantFiled: April 25, 2006Date of Patent: January 6, 2009Assignee: Imaging Systems TechnologyInventors: Thomas J. Pavliscak, Carol Ann Wedding
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Publication number: 20090002240Abstract: The radiation properties and wave guiding properties of frequency selective surfaces are used in conjunction with closely spaced antenna elements to fabricate antenna structures having adjustable radiation characteristics. The direction, magnitude, and polarization of radiation patterns for such antenna structures can be adjusted by varying the texture or patterning of layers of conducting material forming the frequency selective surfaces. The invention enables the fabrication of low profile antenna structures that can easily be conformed or integrated into complex surfaces without sacrificing antenna performance.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 10, 2008Publication date: January 1, 2009Applicant: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS, INC.Inventors: Daniel F. Sievenpiper, Hui-Pin Hsu
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Patent number: 7471247Abstract: An antenna array includes a plurality of antenna unit cells, a ground plane, and at least one artificial magnetic layer AML unit cell. At least one AML unit cell is disposed between at least two adjacent ones of the antenna unit cells. The AML unit cells include a pair of split ring resonators through a ring dielectric layer, and the resonators are capacitively coupled to the a ground plane of the antenna array through a capacitor dielectric layer. The resonators are orthogonal to one another and to the ground plane, and more than one pair may be defined in each AML unit cell. Magnetic energy from the antenna unit cells induces an electric field in the resonators, and the resulting magnetic field is strongly coupled to the AML unit cell to inhibit mutual coupling between radiating elements by suppression of surface wave propagation.Type: GrantFiled: June 13, 2006Date of Patent: December 30, 2008Assignee: Nokia Siemens Networks, OyInventors: Jussi Säily, Mikko Kaunisto, Sergei Tretyakov, Constantin Simovski