Abstract: A plasma display apparatus and a method of driving the same are disclosed. The plasma display apparatus includes a plasma display panel including first electrodes, second electrodes, and third electrodes, a first driver, a second driver, and a reference separation controller. The first driver supplies sustain signals each including a positive polarity sustain signal and a negative polarity sustain signal to the first electrodes during a sustain period, and supplies a ground level voltage during at least one time interval between the positive polarity sustain signals and the negative polarity sustain signals. The reference separation controller connects or separates a first reference voltage source commonly connected to the first driver and the second electrodes to or from a second reference voltage source connected to the second driver.

Abstract: A display apparatus, that can prevent thermal destruction and burning with a simple structure, has been disclosed. In the apparatus it is judged that there is possibility of a pattern, whose area with high brightness is small, being displayed frequently, when a state in which the total light emission pulse number remains large occurs with high frequency, and if such a state is detected, the total light emission pulse number (sustain frequency) is reduced to prevent the thermal destruction and burning.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus and a method of driving the same are disclosed. The plasma display apparatus includes a plasma display panel in which a plurality of scan electrodes, sustain electrodes, and address electrodes are formed on substrates to form a discharge cell and electrode driving parts for driving the scan electrodes, the sustain electrodes, and the address electrodes. The plurality of scan electrodes are divided into a plurality of scan electrode groups and the driving parts are controlled such that a voltage different from a scan bias voltage is applied for a predetermined time in the address period of one or more scan electrode groups among the plurality of scan electrode groups.

Abstract: A method of driving a plasma display apparatus is disclosed. The method includes supplying a first scan signal to a first scan electrode group of a plurality of scan electrode groups each including at least one scan electrode during an address period, supplying a second scan signal having a different voltage magnitude from a voltage magnitude of the first scan signal to a second scan electrode group of the plurality of scan electrode groups during the address period, and supplying a data signal corresponding to the first scan signal and the second scan signal to an address electrode. The first scan signal or the second scan signal is supplied depending on scanning order of the plurality of scan electrodes during the address period.

Abstract: An object is to provide a plasma processing device capable of properly monitoring a state of plasma discharge and detecting a precursor to abnormal discharge, and a method of monitoring the state of discharge in the plasma processing device.

Abstract: In a two-phase driving operation that is performed in at least one sub-field when an average luminance level is a predetermined value or more, a first ramp waveform that drops from a first potential to a second potential is applied to a plurality of first electrodes, a second ramp waveform that drops from a third potential that is higher than the first potential to a fourth potential that is higher than the second potential is applied to a plurality of second scan electrodes in a setup period, and a scan pulse is sequentially applied to the plurality of first scan electrodes, and then a scan pulse is sequentially applied to the plurality of second electrodes in a write period. The two-phase driving operation is employed to prevent discharge failures during write discharges.

Abstract: A driving method includes generating an address discharge in selected cells out of discharge cells and setting the selected cells to either an emission enable state or a non-emission state in an address period which is set in each subfield period. The driving method also includes generating sustaining discharge in discharge cells being set to the emission enable state by applying at least one discharge sustaining pulse P+ between a scanning electrode and a common electrode constituting each row electrode pair, in a discharge sustaining period following the address period. The driving method also includes decreasing the applied voltage between the scanning electrode and common electrode in steps when a final applied pulse P+ out of the discharge sustaining pulses falls.

Abstract: A first latch circuit temporarily memorizes a display pixel data by one line. A second latch circuit temporarily memorizes the display pixel data as a preceding display pixel data that precedes the display pixel data by one line. The load judging circuit judges a transition state of the display pixel data based on the display pixel data and the preceding display pixel data and predicts a drive load capacity CL based on a result of the judgment. A drivability adjusting circuit adjusts a signal level of the display pixel data based on a result of the prediction of the drive load capacity CL and adjusts drivability of an output.

Abstract: The present invention provides a plasma display panel having a low-cost transparent electrode, without decrease in yield. To achieve above, the panel has a first bus electrode, a second bus electrode, a first transparent electrode, and a second transparent electrode on the front substrate. The first transparent electrode covers at least a part of the first bus electrode, and similarly, the second transparent electrode covers at least a part of the second bus electrode.

Abstract: A plasma display device includes a plasma display panel (PDP) and a driving method for driving the PDP. The PDP includes discharge cells that are formed by scan electrodes, sustain electrodes, and address electrodes. The driving method divides a frame of the plasma display panel into a plurality of subfields having respective weights in which gray scales are represented by a combination of the subfields. The plurality of subfields are divided into a first group and a second group. In an address period of a subfield of the first having a lowest weight subfield of the plurality of subfields, the method applies a scan voltage and an address voltage respectively to the scan electrode and the address electrode of a discharge cell to be selected from the discharge cells. The scan voltage is applied to the scan electrode and the scan electrode is floated.

Abstract: A plasma display device is provided which includes: a first common electrode (Xi) that is supplied with a constant voltage in a display discharge period; a first scan electrode (Yi) that is provided in parallel to the first common electrode and supplied with a display discharge pulse in the display discharge period to perform display discharge between the first scan electrode and the first common electrode; and a first address electrode (Aj) that is provided in a manner to intersect the first common electrode and the first scan electrode, wherein the capacitance (Cax) between the first common electrode and the first address electrode is larger than the capacitance (Cay) between the first scan electrode and the first address electrode.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus is disclosed. The plasma display apparatus includes a plasma display panel that displays a left eye image and a right eye image before and after a crosstalk prevention period during a frame, a first driver that supplies a data signal for the left eye image and the right eye image to the plasma display panel, and a second driver that supplies a sustain signal to discharge cells of the plasma display panel selected by the supply of the data signal.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus is provided, the plasma display apparatus including: a display panel; a cable which is connected to an X electrode and a Y electrode of the display panel; and an integrated driving unit which transmits an X driving signal to the X electrode and a Y driving signal to the Y electrode. Therefore, the structure of a driving circuit can be simplified.

Abstract: A plasma display includes a panel capacitor formed by a first electrode and a second electrode for sustain discharging in a sustain period. A driving apparatus of such plasma display includes a switching circuit unit, and a transformer including a primary coil and a secondary coil. The switching circuit unit generates a square wave voltage using an input voltage of an input source so that a voltage of two terminals of the panel capacitor alternately has a positive voltage and a negative voltage. The primary coil is connected between two output terminals of the switching circuit unit, and the secondary coil is connected between two terminals of the panel capacitor.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a display device includes a display panel having a plurality of pixels and signal lines. A flexible substrate is electrically connected to the display panel through a connection portion. A driving circuit is mounted on the flexible substrate to drive the signal lines. The driving circuit includes first and second edges respectively opposing to input and output side ends of the flexible substrate, and a plurality of output terminals of the driving circuit are arranged along the first and second edges. The output terminals are set so as to be classified into two groups of valid output terminals to supply a signal to the signal lines and invalid output terminals not used to output a signal to the signal lines, and the valid output terminals are arranged along the second edge of the driving circuit so as to be sandwiched by the invalid output terminals.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus is provided to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) emission, the plasma display apparatus including: a display panel; a plurality of conductive sheets of which first surfaces are connected to a rear surface of a lower panel; and a base chassis which is connected to second surfaces of the plurality of conductive sheets through a plurality of conductive substances. Therefore, emission of EMI generated while the plasma display panel is operating can be effectively reduced.

Abstract: A simple, low cost drive circuit secures a sufficient number of subfields in a high resolution panel. The plasma display panel drive circuit groups plural sustain electrodes into first and second sustain electrode groups, and applies sustain pulses in the sustain period. The first and second sustain pulse generating circuits generate and apply sustain pulses to first and second electrode paths. First and second specific voltage application circuits apply a first specific voltage to the first and second electrode paths. The voltage selection circuit selects one of a plurality of voltages including at least a second specific voltage and a third specific voltage, and generates a selected voltage. The first and second sustain pulse generating circuits generate the sustain pulses based on the second specific voltage when the selected voltage is the second specific voltage, and when the selected voltage is the third specific voltage, apply the third specific voltage to the first and second electrode paths.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus comprises a plasma display panel, a sustain driver, a data driver and a reference separation controller. The plasma display panel including a first electrode, a second electrode and a third electrode crossing the first electrode and the second electrode. The sustain driver supplying a sustain signal swinging between a positive polarity sustain voltage and a negative polarity sustain voltage to the first electrode during a sustain period. The data driver supplying a data signal to the third electrode during an address period. The reference separation controller controlling a first reference voltage source, which is connected with the sustain driver and the second electrode commonly, separated from or connected with a second reference voltage source which is connected with the data driver.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a high-definition PDP having a high luminance and low electric power consumption by keeping a line resistance of a bus electrode low and supplying enough electric power to a bus electrode edge in an extending direction of the bus electrode. Therefore, in a PDP having a construction in which a barrier rib (14) for separating adjacent discharge cells (101) is provided so as to cross over a display electrode pair (4), a projection (91) is formed in a barrier rib crossing part (93) in which a bus electrode (9) crosses over the barrier rib (14). Then, a line width (D1) of the projection (91) is set to be larger than a line width (D2) of a discharge space part (92) facing to a discharge space. Also, a width (W1) of the projection (91) is set to be smaller than a maximum width (W2) of the barrier rib (14).

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus is disclosed. The plasma display apparatus includes a first driver, a third driver, and a separation controller. The first driver supplies a driving signal to a first electrode of a plasma display panel during a reset period, an address period and a sustain period and is electrically connected to a first reference voltage source. The third driver supplies a data signal to a third electrode of the plasma display panel during the address period and is electrically connected to a second reference voltage source. The separation controller controls the electrical separation between the first reference voltage source and the second reference voltage source during at least one period of the reset period, the address period or the sustain period.

Abstract: A plasma display panel drive circuit assures a sufficient number of subfields in a high resolution panel, is low cost, and is resistant to producing brightness differences. The plasma display panel drive circuit segments plural sustain electrodes into a first sustain electrode group and second sustain electrode group, applies sustain pulses in the sustain period, and includes the following devices: a sustain pulse generating circuit that generates sustain pulses; a specific voltage application circuit that applies a specific voltage to a first electrode path to the first sustain electrode group, and a second electrode path to the second sustain electrode group, at respective specific times; and a separation switch circuit that is connected between the sustain pulse generating circuit and the first electrode path and second electrode path, and electrically isolates the sustain pulse generating circuit from either the first electrode path or the second electrode path.

Abstract: A plasma display device including: a plasma display panel including a plurality of electrodes; a printed circuit board assembly (PBA) activating the plasma display panel (PDP); a chassis base, including: a first surface supporting the plasma display panel (PDP), and a second surface having the printed circuit board assembly (PBA); signal lines applying a voltage, a data signal, and a control signal to the electrodes are formed at the end of the plasma display panel (PDP); and an interface flexible printed circuit connecting the signal lines to the printed circuit board assembly (PBA), wherein at least one of the signal lines has a line width at a portion further from the interface flexible printed circuit (FPC) that is larger than a line width at a portion closer to the interface flexible printed circuit (FPC).

Abstract: An image display device includes a pair of sustain pulse generators for applying either a first sustain pulse or a second sustain pulse to the display electrodes. The first and second sustain pulses generate a sustain discharge twice and once, respectively, in discharge cells when the voltage applied between the display electrodes changes. The application of the first sustain pulse is performed by generating a first discharge by applying a voltage to one of the display electrodes using the clamp corresponding to the one of the display electrodes, and then generating a second discharge by applying a voltage to the other of the display electrodes using the clamp corresponding to the other of the display electrodes. The application of the second sustain pulse is performed by generating a first discharge by applying a voltage to each of the display electrodes using the clamps corresponding to each of the display electrodes.

Abstract: Disclosed therein is an apparatus for driving a plasma display panel, with a simple structure.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus and a method of driving the same are disclosed. The plasma display apparatus includes a plasma display panel including first, second and third electrodes, a sustain driver supplying a sustain signal to the first electrode during a sustain period, a data driver supplying a data signal to the third electrode during an address period, a first reference voltage source that is commonly connected to the sustain driver and the second electrode, a second reference voltage source connected to the data driver, and a reference separation controller. The reference separation controller separates or connects the first reference voltage source from or to the second reference voltage source.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of driving a plasma display panel for preventing a brightness spot miss-fire and a miss-writing as well as reducing a manufacturing cost are disclosed. In the apparatus, a set-up supplier supplies a rising ramp waveform to scan electrodes in an initialization period, and supplies a positive enhancing pulse to the scan electrodes during an enhancing period following said initialization period. A negative voltage supplier supplies a falling ramp waveform to the scan electrodes in the initialization period, and supplies a negative enhancing pulse to the scan electrodes during the enhancing period.

Abstract: A touch display panel including a first substrate, a touch sensing device, and a display medium layer is provided. The first substrate has a display area and a non-display area located outside the display area. The touch sensing device may be directly disposed on the first substrate and located within the non-display area, wherein the touch sensing device is consisted of two or more groups of receiving elements. The display medium layer is disposed in the display area.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of driving a plasma display panel and apparatus thereof enabling to minimize power consumption for driving the plasma display panel 1. The present invention includes the steps of generating a reset discharge by supplying ramp waves so as to equalize cells in the plasma display panel in a reset period, supplying selected specific ones of the cells with a scan voltage pulse swinging between a lowest voltage levels of the reset discharge and a data pulse of a voltage level lowered as much as a negative voltage level of the scan voltage pulse, generating an address discharge by the scan voltage pulse and data pulse applied to the selected cells in an address period, and maintaining the address discharge for a sustain period.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plasma display apparatus, and more particularly, to a driving method thereof. The plasma display apparatus includes a panel comprised of a first substrate and a second substrate bonded to each other, a first electrode and a second electrode formed on the upper substrate, and a sustain driver for applying sustain pulses to the first and second electrodes, wherein the sustain driver applies a sustain voltage between the first and second electrodes, and floats at least one of the first and second electrodes after the completion of a sustain discharge caused by the sustain voltage. In the plasma display apparatus and the driving method thereof, according to the present invention, at least one of a scan electrode and a sustain electrode is floated for a predetermined time after the completion of the sustain discharge.

Abstract: Provided is a plasma display apparatus having a plasma display panel constituted of a plurality of discharge cells, and a driver for driving the panel. The apparatus includes a scan IC (integrated circuit) having a first switch turning on to apply a first signal to the panel, and a second switch turning on to apply a second signal to the panel, wherein, when the first signal applied to the panel changes into the second signal, the first and second switches are floated between an application period of the first signal and an application period of the second signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of driving a plasma display panel and apparatus thereof enabling to minimize power consumption for driving the plasma display panel 1. The present invention includes the steps of generating a reset discharge by supplying ramp waves so as to equalize cells in the plasma display panel in a reset period, supplying selected specific ones of the cells with a scan voltage pulse swinging between a lowest voltage levels of the reset discharge and a data pulse of a voltage level lowered as much as a negative voltage level of the scan voltage pulse, generating an address discharge by the scan voltage pulse and data pulse applied to the selected cells in an address period, and maintaining the address discharge for a sustain period.

Abstract: A plasma display device having a plasma display panel (PDP) including: a plurality of electrodes; a printed circuit board assembly (PBA) to drive the plasma display panel (PDP); and a chassis base including a first surface supporting the plasma display panel (PDP) and a second surface mounted with the printed circuit board assembly (PBA), wherein the PDP includes signal lines and a power line continuously formed on an edge of the PDP, electrode terminals connected to the electrodes the signal lines and the power lines, signal line terminals disposed on one side of the electrode terminals and connected to the signal lines, an alignment mark formed on at least at one side of the signal line terminals, and a power terminal disposed on a side of the alignment mark connected to the power line and supplying power to the PDP.

Abstract: Disclosed is a plasma display device including a plasma display panel (PDP) including: a plurality of electrodes; a printed circuit board assembly (PBA) to drive the plasma display panel (PDP); and a chassis base including a first surface supporting the plasma display panel (PDP) and a second surface mounted with the printed circuit board assembly (PBA), wherein the edge of the plasma display panel (PDP) includes power signal lines to supply power to electrodes, the power signal lines are separated from the electrodes on the edge of the plasma display panel (PDP), the power signal lines are connected to the electrodes through the interface flexible printed circuit (FPC), and the resistivity of the power signal lines is lower than that of the electrodes.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus and a method of driving the same are disclosed. The plasma display apparatus includes a plasma display panel including a scan electrode, and a scan driver that supplies a setup pulse to the scan electrode. The setup pulse gradually rises to a first voltage level with a first slope, rises from the first voltage level to a second voltage level with a second slope smaller than the first slope, and rises from the second voltage level to a third voltage level with a third slope different from the second slope.

Abstract: A plasma display driving method and apparatus for stabilizing an initialization upon selective erasing in a case of simultaneously performing a selective writing and a selective erasing is disclosed. In the method and apparatus, at least one selective writing sub-field for selecting on-cells using a writing discharge is arranged within a portion of one frame period, and at least one selective erasing sub-field for selecting off-cells from the on-cells using an erase discharge is arranged within the remaining interval of one frame period other than a time period arranged with the selective writing sub-field. A normal sustaining pulse is applied to the selected on-cells to sustain a discharge of the on-cells, and an initialization pulse having at least one of a pulse width and a voltage level set to be larger than the normal sustaining pulse is applied prior to said selective erasing sub-fields.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of driving a plasma display panel enabling to improve an overall contrast characteristic of the plasma display panel by reducing a voltage difference between scan and sustain electrodes Y and Z to decrease an emission amount of light generated by a discharge between the scan and sustain electrodes Y and Z. The present invention includes a first step of applying a reset pulse to the scan electrode to form predetermined wall charges on the electrodes for a set-up period and a second step of applying a pulse of a predetermined level to the sustain electrode to reduce a voltage difference between the scan and sustain electrodes while the reset pulse is applied.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus comprises a plasma display panel and a scan driver. The plasma display panel comprising a first scan electrode, a second scan electrode, and a sustain electrode. The scan driver supplies the first scan electrode with a first scan signal, supplies the first scan electrode and the second electrode with a first signal for emitting light, and then supplies the second scan electrode with a second scan signal that falls down from a scan reference voltage, and supplies the first scan electrode with a voltage that is different from the scan reference voltage while the second scan signal is supplied.

Abstract: A plasma display panel. A first substrate and a second substrate are provided opposing one another with a predetermined gap therebetween. Address electrodes are formed on the second substrate. Barrier ribs are mounted between the first substrate and the second substrate, the barrier ribs defining a plurality of discharge cells and a plurality of non-discharge regions. Phosphor layers are formed within each of the discharge cells. Discharge sustain electrodes are formed on the first substrate. The non-discharge regions are formed in areas encompassed by discharge cell abscissas and ordinates that pass through centers of each of the discharge cells. Also, external light absorbing members are formed between the second substrate and the barrier ribs layer at areas corresponding to locations of the non-discharge regions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of driving a plasma display panel and apparatus thereof enabling to minimize power consumption for driving the plasma display panel. 1. The present invention includes the steps of generating a reset discharge by supplying ramp waves so as to equalize cells in the plasma display panel in a reset period, supplying selected specific ones of the cells with a scan voltage pulse swinging between a lowest voltage levels of the reset discharge and a data pulse of a voltage level lowered as much as a negative voltage level of the scan voltage pulse, generating an address discharge by the scan voltage pulse and data pulse applied to the selected cells in an address period, and maintaining the address discharge for a sustain period.

Abstract: The priming or conditioning of an AC gas discharge plasma display panel for improved selective write and selective erase which comprises addressing n number of rows in an order or sequence that is changed from frame to frame such that later rows to be addressed are advanced in the sequence with each subsequent frame. Each frame consists of the addressing of all n rows. Specific embodiments include the use of plasma-shells, plasma-tubes, and/or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus and a method of driving the plasma display apparatus are provided. According to an embodiment, the plasma display apparatus is driven by dividing a sub-field into at least an address period and a sustain period. The apparatus includes a timing controlling unit to vary a length of the sustain period according to a data pattern associated with at least one address electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for driving a plasma display panel in which a plurality of first electrodes and second electrodes are arranged parallel to each other, a plurality of third electrodes are arranged to cross the first and second electrodes, and discharge cells defined with areas in which the electrodes cross mutually are arranged in the form of a matrix. According to the driving method, a reset period is a period during which the distribution of wall charges in the plurality of discharge cells is uniformed. An addressing period is a period during which wall charges are produced in the discharge cells according to display data. A sustain discharge period is a period during which sustain discharge is induced in the discharge cells in which wall charges are produced during the addressing period.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus and a driving method of a plasma display panel are provided. This may include a plasma display panel having a plurality of scan electrodes and sustain electrodes, and a plurality of address electrodes formed to intersect with the plurality of scan electrodes and sustain electrodes. A driving unit/circuit may drive the scan electrodes, the sustain electrodes, and the address electrodes to allow a voltage difference between the scan electrode and the sustain electrode or a voltage difference between the scan electrode and the address electrode during an address period at one or more subfields of a frame to be larger than a voltage difference between the scan electrode and the sustain electrode or a voltage difference between the scan electrode and the address electrode during the address period at other subfields.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus is disclosed. The plasma display apparatus includes a plasma display panel for displaying an image by a frame comprising a plurality of subfields, and a driver for, when a vertical frequency of an image signal inputted is less than a critical frequency, dividing the frame into a first subfield group and a second subfield group each comprising one or more subfields, the number of subfields of the first subfield group being different from the number of subfields of the second subfield group, and when the vertical frequency is more than the critical frequency, constituting the frame by a third subfield group comprising one or more subfields.

Abstract: A plurality of display electrode pairs are divided into two display electrode pair groups I and II. One field is divided into M (M is an integer of 2 or more) sub-fields SFL (L=1 to M) each including a wall voltage adjusting period, an address period, and a sustain period. Based on a sustain period T1 of a K-th sub-field SFK and a wall voltage adjusting period T2 positioned between the sustain period T1 and the address period of a (K+1)-th sub-field, if T1>T2, a first driving method in which the sustain period T1 and the wall voltage adjusting period T2 are set for each of the display electrode pair groups I and II is used in the sub-field SFK, and if T1<T2, a second driving method in which the sustain periods T1 are set so as to be synchronized with each other and the wall voltage adjusting periods T2 are set so as to be synchronized with each other among the display electrode pair groups I and II is used in the sub-field SFK.

Abstract: The integrated point of sale (POS) terminal includes: a calculating device; and a monitor, an input device and an output device respectively electrically connected to the calculating device. An input data is inputted into the calculating device via the input device and displays on the monitor, and then the output data is displayed thereon and outputted from the output device post calculation. In other POS, the input device performs input and output functions, or a touch panel might be the input device.

Abstract: A plasma display device includes a plasma display, a chassis having conductivity that supports the plasma display, a tuner circuit, a scan driver, a sustaining driver and so forth used to display a video on the plasma display, a back cover that covers the chassis, the scan driver, the sustaining driver, etc., and a shield body that covers the tuner circuit. The shield body is electrically connected to the chassis and to the back cover.

Abstract: A level shift output circuit includes a level shifter interconnecting first and second power supplies that supply first and second voltages, the second being lower than the first voltage. The circuit outputs complimentary first and second output signals responsive to complimentary first and second input signals. High breakdown voltage inverters interconnect the first and second power supplies, and are configured to output a third output signal responsive to a first control signal and the first output signal from the level shifter and output a fourth output signal which is complimentary with the third output signal, responsive to a second control signal complimentary with the first control signal, and the second output signal. P-type transistors interconnect the first power supply and a power supply output node, and respectively supply the first voltage to the power supply output node in response to the fourth output signals from the high breakdown voltage inverters.

Abstract: A plasma display device is disclosed. The plasma display device includes a driver circuit configured to apply signals to the array of the display, where the driver circuit receives a power signal which is about half the voltage of the signals.

Abstract: A driving method of an alternating-current surface discharge type PDP is provided. In the initializing period. an operation that applies a predetermined voltage for causing discharge regardless of the presence or absence of the former discharge to a scan electrode and causes the initializing discharge in the discharge cell is assumed as a forcibly initializing operation. In the address period, the time when a scan pulse is applied to the scan electrode and an address pulse is applied to the data electrode is assumed to be address time. In each of discharge cells, the forcibly initializing operation is performed in one of a plurality of fields, and the address time in the address period of a field that does not, undergo the forcibly initializing operation is set to be longer than the address time in the address period of a field that undergoes the forcibly initializing operation.