Abstract: The liquid crystal display (LCD) driving system contains a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), a Timing Controller, Source Drivers, an Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) bus, and Gate Drivers. The Timing Controller is configured on the PCB for transforming control signals from the LCD to data and scan control signals. The I2C bus connects the Timing Controller to the Source Drivers. The Timing Controller delivers data and scan control signals to the Source Drivers through the I2C bus following a protocol. The Gate Drivers are electrically connected to the Source Drivers for receiving scan control signals. The driving system is capable of employing fewer transmission wires to deliver the same control signals of the prior art from the Timing Controller by configuring I2C bus between the Timing Controller and the Source Drivers, thereby reducing wiring area on the PCB and wiring difficulty. A LCD driving method is also provided.

Abstract: A display driving circuit having a shift register is formed on the display panel. The shift register includes a first stage having first and second transistors and a second stage having a third and fourth transistor. A voltage of a control electrode of the first transistor is boosted by a voltage of a first pulse line changing from low to high. In an On state, the second transistor connects the control electrode of the first transistor and a constant voltage line. A voltage of a control electrode of the third transistor is boosted by a voltage of a second pulse line changing from low to high. In an On state, the fourth transistor connects the control electrode of the third transistor and a constant voltage line. The fourth transistor is switched on by a signal from the first stage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a data compression method of DeMura Table, a data decompression method of DeMura Table, and a Mura compensation method. The data compression method includes: acquiring image information of a display panel and obtaining an original DeMura Table; performing region extraction based on the original DeMura Table; performing edge detection based on the Mura region obtained from extraction; distributing each sub-pixel element included in the display panel as per results from the region extraction and the edge detection to determine a numerical value of each sampling point in the DeMura Table. The method may save storage costs of DeMura Table.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel including a first pixel, a common voltage generator and a timing controller. The common voltage generator generates a reference common voltage, and provides the reference common voltage to the first pixel. The timing controller determines a dithering scheme for the first pixel based on first common voltage information, and generates first output pixel data by applying a dithering function to first input pixel data based on the dithering scheme for the first pixel. The first common voltage information indicates whether the reference common voltage is substantially equal to an optimal common voltage of the first pixel. A first data voltage provided to the first pixel is generated based on the first output pixel data. A polarity of the first data voltage is reversed with respect to the reference common voltage for each predetermined duration.

Abstract: An electroluminescent (EL) display apparatus and method of controlling are provided. A display screen includes gate signal lines and source signal lines. A pixel corresponds to each intersection of the gate and source signal lines. Each pixel includes: an EL device including an anode and cathode terminals; a driving transistor to flow a current to the EL device; a first switch transistor provided on a current path through which the current flows from a power line through the driving transistor to the EL device; a second switch transistor to supply, to the driving transistor, an image signal from one of the source signal lines; and a third switch transistor provided between the anode terminal of the EL device and a voltage line. The voltage line is configured to supply a reverse bias voltage for reverse biasing the anode terminal of the EL device.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a method and apparatus for controlling liquid crystal display brightness, and a liquid crystal display device, and relates to the field of liquid crystal display technologies, where the method includes: determining grayscale values of all pixels in a zone image data block under a predetermined rule according to a received image signal, and pre-obtaining a zone backlight value corresponding to the zone image data block according to the grayscale values; multiplying the pre-obtained zone backlight value with a backlight value gain coefficient to obtain a backlight value of a backlight zone corresponding to the zone image data block to which a gain is applied, wherein the backlight value gain coefficient is more than 1; and outputting the backlight value of the backlight zone to a driver circuit of backlight source in the backlight zone to control the brightness of the backlight source in the backlight zone as a result of driving, thus improving the effect of contrast quality of pictures

Abstract: This disclosure provides a method, and a liquid crystal display device, and relates to the field of liquid crystal display technologies, where the method includes: determining grayscale values of pixels in zone image data block under a predetermined rule according to a received image signal, and pre-obtaining a zone backlight value corresponding to the zone image data block according to the grayscale values in the zone image data block; determining a backlight gain coefficient according to a backlight value gain variable and an ambient luminance revision variable, and multiplying the zone backlight value with the backlight gain coefficient to obtain backlight values of a backlight zone corresponding to the zone image data block to which a gain is applied, wherein the backlight value gain variable is determined by the grayscale values, and the ambient luminance revision variable is determined by ambient luminance; and outputting the backlight value of the backlight zone to a driver circuit of backlight source

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) device and a driving method thereof are provided. Data lines are grouped into a plurality of data line groups according to polarities of data driving signals corresponding to the data lines, and the data line groups are respectively driven, where driving periods of the data line groups are spaced by a predetermined time interval, so as to effetely decrease a coupling effect and greatly improve the display quality of the LCD device.

Abstract: A driver integrated circuit (IC) chip includes gamma voltage generators, a line selector, and a data driver. The gamma voltage generators generate gamma voltage sets based on a reference voltage set. The line selector controls the connection between a plurality of voltage line sets for providing the reference voltage set and the gamma voltage generators based on a selection signal. The data driver converts input image data to data signals based on the gamma voltage sets.

Abstract: A device for correcting gamma set data includes a memory, voltage calculator, and a corrector. The memory stores high gamma set data including first register values set per grayscale and low gamma set data including second register values set per grayscale and reference register value. The voltage calculator calculates a reference voltage value of the low gamma set data based on the reference register value and calculates fixed voltage values per grayscale of the low gamma set data based on the second register values. The corrector compares the first register values with the second register values and corrects the second register values based on a comparison result.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel, a scan driver, and a data driver. The display panel includes a plurality of pixels connected to the scan lines and data lines. The scan driver supplies a scan signal via the scan lines. The data driver supplies data signals via the data lines. At least one scan line of the scan lines is connected to pixels in a plurality of lines, and the pixels connected to the at least one scan line is connected to different data lines. The display panel may be a non-rectangular display panel.

Abstract: Techniques and mechanisms for changing a permittivity of a liquid crystal (LC) cell that is to facilitate a radiating or guiding of a radio frequency electromagnetic wave. In an embodiment, a device includes electrodes coupled to variously apply different electrical fields to the LC cell at different times. At one time, a first electrical field is applied to increase an average alignment of polar LC molecules with a first axis. At another time, a second electrical field is applied to decrease the average alignment of such polar LC molecules with the first axis. The first electrical field and the second electrical field have different respective directions at a first location of the LC cell. In another embodiment, the first electrical field is applied with a first plurality of electrodes and the second electrical field is applied with a second plurality of electrodes that is different than the first plurality of electrodes.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a liquid crystal panel having a plurality pixels arranged in a matrix shape, in which the plurality of pixels each has a first subpixel and a second subpixel that are divided from each other. The display apparatus includes a control unit configured to control a level of brightness values of the first subpixel and the second subpixel of any one pixel of the plurality of pixels so as to be switched at a prescribed period.

Abstract: A method for adjusting a liquid crystal display, includes: changing a voltage applied by a source circuit of the liquid crystal display, and measuring transmittance of the liquid crystal display at different values of the applied voltage; determining, according to a corresponding relationship between the applied voltage and the measured transmittance, a critical applied voltage that corresponds to a maximum measured transmittance of the liquid crystal display; and determining an operating voltage of the source circuit according to the critical applied voltage, and adjusting the applied voltage to the operating voltage.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes an image sensor, a display panel, a timing controller, and a data driver. The image sensor senses a background image and generates background image data based on the background image. The display panel includes a first group of pixels disposed on a first area of the display panel and a second group of pixels disposed on a second area of the display panel. The timing controller extracts partial image data corresponding to the first area from input image data and partial background image data corresponding to the second area from the first background image data. The data driver generates first data voltages based on the partial image data, generates second data voltages based on the partial background image data, to output the first data voltages to the first group of pixels, and to output the second data voltages to the second group of pixels.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for dynamically adjusting the backlight of a display during video playback or for generating filtered video metadata. Given an input video stream and associated metadata values of minimum, average, or maximum luminance values of the video frames in the video stream, values of a function of the frame min, mid, or max luminance values are filtered using a temporal filter to generate a filtered output value for each frame. At least one filtering coefficient of the temporal filter is adapted based on a logistic function controlled by slope and sensitivity values. The instantaneous dynamic range of a target display is determined based on the filtered metadata values and the minimum and maximum brightness values of the display.

Abstract: A display device includes a liquid crystal display and a power supply to apply a common voltage to a common electrode of the display. The power supply applies a first common voltage to the common electrode for a first period after power is turned on, and applies a second common voltage higher than the first common voltage to the common electrode until the power is turned off after the first period.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a gamma controller configured to determine whether the target pixel unit is driven in both time division method and space division method based on a plurality of comparison values and a reference condition, and an output controller configured to generate normal gamma-data of the target pixel unit using a normal gamma curve if the plurality of comparison values satisfy the reference condition and to generate high gamma-data and low gamma-data of the target pixel unit using a high gamma curve and a low gamma curve in both time division method and space division method if the plurality of comparison values do not satisfy the reference condition.

Abstract: Various technologies for improving uniformity of operation of elements in an array circuit are described herein. In an exemplary embodiment, a plurality of resistive elements are incorporated into an array circuit such that voltages developed across any two elements is substantially the same when an equal voltage is applied to energize the elements. In a crossbar array circuit that comprises a plurality of elements arranged in rows and columns, the resistance of each of the resistive elements is based upon a row or column to which the resistive element is connected.

Abstract: A gamma voltage generator includes a reference gamma selector, a reference gamma converter, and a gamma curve adjuster. The reference gamma selector selects a top reference gamma voltage and a bottom reference gamma voltage that are between first and second reference voltages. The reference gamma converter converts the bottom reference gamma voltage to a conversion reference gamma voltage based on the top reference gamma voltage. The gamma curve adjuster generates a plurality of grayscale gamma voltages based on the conversion reference gamma voltage and the top reference gamma voltage.

Abstract: According to an aspect, a display device includes a plurality of pixels each including a plurality of sub-pixels. Each of the sub-pixels is arranged around center of the corresponding pixel and divided into a plurality of display regions to perform N-bit area coverage modulation by a combination of the display regions. The display regions are arranged in such a manner that: a display region corresponding to a least significant bit of the area coverage modulation is arranged closest to the center of the corresponding pixel; and a display region corresponding to a higher significant bit of the area coverage modulation is arranged around the center of the pixel and further from the center of the corresponding pixel (N is a natural number of 2 or more).

Abstract: An electro-optic device includes a voltage selection circuit configured to select a higher electric potential side voltage and a lower electric potential side voltage that correspond to upper bits of data, a first output circuit configured to output a first output voltage corresponding to lower bits of data to a data line, a second output circuit having a driving capability higher than that of the first output circuit and configured to output a second output voltage corresponding to upper bits of data among the lower bits of data to the data line, and a control circuit configured to allow the first output circuit and the second output circuit to be driven during a first period, and configured to bring an output of the second output circuit into an OFF state or an almost OFF state during a second period.

Abstract: A gamma voltage generator, method of generating gamma voltage, and an OLED display including the generator are disclosed. In one aspect, the generator includes a gamma reference voltage selector configured to receive a gamma reference voltage from a voltage generator and output selected first to third gamma voltages having values substantially equal to or less than the gamma reference voltage. The generator also includes a medium gamma voltage selector configured to receive the first to third gamma voltages from the gamma reference voltage selector and select and output a plurality of medium gamma voltages based at least in part on the first to third gamma voltages. The generator further includes a medium gamma voltage calculator configured to output a selection signal corresponding to the calculated low gamma voltage to the medium gamma voltage selector.

Abstract: A display device including a plurality of source drivers. Each of the .plurality of source drives may include a register storing information on a bias voltage provided from the outside; a gamma voltage generation unit receiving at least one reference gamma voltage and generating a plurality of gamma voltages according to the reference gamma voltage; and an output buffer including a plurality of source amplifiers driven by the bias voltage and receiving the plurality of gamma voltages. The gamma voltage generation unit may adjust a level of at lest one of the at least one reference gamma voltage, according to a bias voltage having the lowest level among bias voltages provided to respective source drivers.

Abstract: There is provided a pixel including an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a first transistor having a first electrode connected to a first power source and configured to control an amount of current supplied from the first power source to the OLED in response to a data signal, a second transistor and a third transistor connected between a second electrode and a gate electrode of the first transistor, and a fourth transistor connected between an initializing power source and a first node that is a common node of the second transistor and the third transistor.

Abstract: A method of driving a display device includes displaying an image corresponding to a left eye image signal during a first frame set including one or more frames and displaying an image corresponding to a right eye image signal during a second frame set including one or more successive frames, in which the first frame set and the second frame set include at least one frame displaying a first image according to a first gamma curve and at least one frame displaying a second image according to a second gamma curve, and the first frame set and the second frame set include two successive frames displaying the second image.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal panel which includes a plurality of pixels and a plurality of data lines connected to the plurality of pixels and a data driver which applies data voltages having different polarities to adjacent data lines among the plurality of data lines and performs a first charge sharing to short the data lines having the different polarities and a second charge sharing to short the data lines having the same polarity, wherein the voltage of at least one of the data lines is step-wisely changed by the second charge sharing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a 6 bit/8 bit gamma common driving circuit and a method for driving the same, in which a gamma voltage is changed selectively according to a number of received bits by using an R-string for using gamma in common.

Abstract: Provided is a display apparatus including: a pixel array unit configured such that a pixel circuit including a light emitting unit, a writing transistor, and a drive transistor is arranged in a matrix form; a signal output unit configured to output video signals to signal lines during a plurality of horizontal periods corresponding to the number of rows in a unit; a writing and scanning unit configured to output scanning signals; and a selector circuit unit configured to select, in turn, the plurality of scanning signals and allocate the selected scanning signal to each of scanning lines of a unit of pixel rows, wherein a selection assigned period in a display frame period of the selection transistor is divided into a plurality of periods, and a desired voltage is applied to a gate electrode of the selection transistor during a specific period other than the selection assigned period.

Abstract: An electronic display structure includes a scanning driver circuit for transmitting scan signals to a number of pixel display areas of a display panel, a data driver circuit for transmitting positive and negative display grayscale voltages to the pixel display areas and receiving feedback grayscale voltages corresponding to the display grayscale voltages, a switching circuit for electrically coupling the data driver circuit to or electrically uncoupling the data driver circuit from the pixel display areas, and a common voltage circuit configured to transmit a common voltage to each of the pixel display areas and adjust the common voltage in response to the feedback grayscale voltages. The positive and negative display grayscale voltages and the common voltage cooperatively induce an electric field for driving liquid crystals of a liquid crystal layer to rotate to display images.

Abstract: A display panel and a display panel compensation method are provided. The display panel comprises at least one pixel compensation circuit including a voltage adjustment module, a conversion module, a first memory module, and a comparison module; and a plurality of pixel driving circuits each including a data input module, a driving module, a second memory module, a sensing module, and a light-emitting element. The pixel compensation circuit compensates a threshold voltage shift of the pixel driving circuit. The voltage adjustment module has an input terminal connected to a first power supply, and an output terminal connected to an input terminal of the data input module. The data input module has an output terminal connected to a controlling terminal of the driving module, and a controlling terminal connected to a first scanning signal line. The driving module has an output terminal connected to an input terminal of the sensing module.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device that performs intermittent driving involving a driving period and an idle period includes a gray scale level control unit that generates, from an input image signal, an image signal for display and an image signal for correction. A signal line control unit writes the image signal for correction to the plurality of signal lines before writing the image signal for display during a driving period. An LUT stores a correction gray scale value associated with a gray scale value of at least a current frame. An adding circuit corrects the input image signal based on the correction gray scale value read from the LUT. The subtracting circuit specifies, in a pixel region, a regular image pattern including at least a first pixel and a second pixel and changes an output from the adding circuit for the first image by a predetermined gray scale width.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a system and method for image processing, and a display device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for obtaining a compensation value of gray scale of a pixel. The method comprises steps of: acquiring a display area of a display panel; dividing the display area equally into a plurality of first sub-areas according to a first preset rule, each of the first sub-areas comprising at least two pixels; obtaining pre-stored multinomial coefficients of each of the first sub-areas, and according to a second preset rule, establishing a multinomial corresponding to each of the first sub-areas; and obtaining a value range of an independent variable of the multinomial, and according to a corresponding multinomial, obtaining a compensation value of gray scale of each of the first sub-areas.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel and a top chassis. The top chassis includes a first cover portion disposed above a top surface of the display panel and a second cover portion which is bent and extended from the first cover portion. The first cover portion defines a first region thereof overlapping the top surface of the display panel, a second region thereof disposed around the first region and a surface thereof which is disposed in the first and second regions and faces the top surface of the display panel. A surface roughness of the surface in the first region is greater than that of the surface in the second region.

Abstract: Provided is a display panel that reduces occurrence of display irregularities in a display region even in a case where driving circuits that switch gate lines between selected and non-selected states are provided in the display region. A display panel of the present invention includes an active matrix substrate and a counter substrate, the active matrix substrate being provided with a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of source lines. The active matrix substrate includes, in a display region, a driving circuit provided with respect to each of the gate lines, for switching the gate line between a selected state and a non-selected state.

Abstract: A degradation compensation apparatus including: a calculator provided with gray data regarding a plurality of consecutive frames, the calculator calculating and outputting a frame degradation amount of a current frame, which indicates a degree of degradation of the current frame; a memory accumulating and storing the frame degradation amount of the current frame and outputting a cumulative degradation amount, which is an accumulated degree of degradation of frames up to the current frame; and a data corrector correcting the gray data for a subsequent frame based on the cumulative degradation amount. Each of the plurality of consecutive frames includes first and second blocks each having a plurality of pixels, and the frame degradation amount is calculated based on one of the pixels included in the first block and one of the pixels included in the second block.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device, includes a first main pixel including a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel which is arranged in a first direction of the first sub-pixel, and a third sub-pixel which is arranged in a second direction of the first sub-pixel and the first direction of the second sub-pixel, and a second main pixel including a fourth sub-pixel which is arranged in the second direction of the third sub-pixel, a fifth sub-pixel which is arranged in the first direction of the fourth sub-pixel and the second direction of the second sub-pixel, and a sixth sub-pixel which is arranged in the first direction of the fourth sub-pixel and the second direction of the fifth sub-pixel.

Abstract: A method of generating column signals for use by a pixel array includes connecting two or more controllable bus buffers in series. The output of each of the two or more controllable bus buffers drives an associated node. The method further includes providing a column data signal to an input of the series-connected string of two or more controllable bus buffers. The method also includes sequentially enabling each controllable bus buffer in the series-connected string of two or more controllable bus buffers, such that each node is sequentially driven. Each node is electrically coupled to an input of an associated controllable local output buffer. The method further includes sequentially enabling each of the controllable local output buffers in an order associated with the sequentially enabling of the controllable bus buffers.

Abstract: A display device includes an external image processing set and a display assembly configured to receive converted image data from the external image processing set and display an image corresponding to the converted image data. The display assembly includes a dynamic capacitance compensation lookup table storage unit which stores therein a dynamic capacitance compensation lookup table, and the external image processing set includes a memory which receives the dynamic capacitance compensation lookup table from the display assembly and stores therein the received dynamic capacitance compensation lookup table, and a graphic processing unit which outputs converted image data in which current frame data has undergone dynamic capacitance compensation based on the stored dynamic capacitance compensation lookup table, the current frame data and previous frame data.

Abstract: An OLED drive system raising a frame contrast and a drive method are disclosed. The OLED display panel is equally divided into a plurality of display divisions along a vertical direction. The brightness calculation module is employed to calculate average pixel brightnesses corresponding to the respective display divisions in the OLED display panel. On one hand, the power management module is employed to supply different reference voltages for the respective display divisions correspondingly according to the average pixel brightnesses of the respective display divisions in the OLED display panel, and respectively insert the reference voltages of the respective display divisions into reference voltage lines corresponding to the pixels of middle rows in the display divisions to make the reference voltages of the respective display divisions be different for raising the frame contrast.

Abstract: An image processing device includes: a gain calculation section determining a gain, on the basis of a first partial image in a first frame image that includes a process target line; and a correction section correcting pixel luminance information regarding the process target line, on the basis of the gain.

Abstract: An electronic device may have a display such as a liquid crystal display. The display may have an array of pixels that display images to a user. Backlight structures may provide the array of pixels with backlight illumination at a backlight illumination level. The backlight structures may have a light source with an array of light-emitting diodes and photoluminescent material that is pumped by pump light from the light-emitting diodes. The backlight illumination may experience color variations as a function of the backlight illumination level. Circuitry in the electronic device may be used to implement a backlight level color compensator. The backlight level color compensator may apply color correction factors to the image data of the displayed images to compensate for variations in color of the image data due to variations in backlight illumination level and operating temperature.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a video signal control technique capable of suppressing deterioration in display quality of a display device in which FRC is employed. A video signal control method for display device according to the present invention includes: (a) acquiring coordinate information and time information in a display screen of a display device; (b) selecting, with reference to an LUT storing a plurality of FRC parameters, a FRC parameter corresponding to the coordinate information and the time information; and (c) outputting the selected FRC parameter as a FRC parameter for controlling red and blue pixels and a FRC parameter for controlling green pixels opposite in phase to the FRC parameter for controlling red and blue pixels.

Abstract: There is provided a driving circuit driving pixels each including an electro-optical device and a memory, in a display. The driving circuit includes: a dividing section dividing one frame period into subblocks composed of subfields, the subfields corresponding to respective bits of gray-scale data and having period lengths commensurate with weights of the corresponding bits; and an ON-OFF period control section controlling a ratio of an ON period or an OFF period to one frame period by bringing an electro-optical device of the pixel into an on state or an off state according to a corresponding bit in each of the subfields. On a subblock by subblock basis, the ON-OFF period control section selects scan lines whose number is less by one than a number of the subfields included in a relevant subblock, and again selects one of the selected scan lines during a same subblock period.

Abstract: A display device and a data compensating device for a display device are disclosed. In one aspect, the data compensating device includes a converter configured to convert image data corresponding to a plurality of pixels in a display panel into input grayscale data and provide the input grayscale data. A brightness ratio calculator is configured to calculate a brightness ratio of the input grayscale data for each pixel based on a predetermined gamma value and a maximum grayscale data. The data compensating device also includes a compensating coefficient output unit configured to output a predetermined compensating coefficient based on the brightness ratio, and a compensating data calculator configured to calculate compensating grayscale data corresponding to all of the grayscale data based on the compensating coefficient. A data output unit is configured to provide the compensating grayscale data corresponding to the input grayscale data as output grayscale data to the pixels.

Abstract: In a semiconductor device in which a reference voltage is generated by a reference voltage generation circuit, and the same reference voltage generated is used in a plurality of circuit units for the purpose of generating a voltage, a sampling and holding circuit of the reference voltage is provided in order to provide a standard voltage to the circuit units. A sampling and holding control circuit that controls the sampling and holding circuit instructs the sampling and holding circuit to perform a sampling operation of the reference voltage in case that the semiconductor device operates in a state where power supply noise of the reference voltage generation circuit falls within a predetermined range, and instructs the sampling and holding circuit to perform a holding operation of the reference voltage in case that the semiconductor device operates in a state where the power supply noise exceeds the predetermined range.

Abstract: A picture signal processing circuit includes a gamma correction section configured to perform gamma correction on a picture signal; and a gamma modification section configured to provide an offset component corresponding to one or both of a refresh rate and a light emission duty, to the picture signal gamma-corrected by the gamma correction section.

Abstract: Provided are a source driver and a display device. The source driver may include: a gamma voltage generation unit configured to select and provide one or more of the gamma voltages in response to a first power down signal; an output buffer unit configured to provide a data voltage to a output terminal in response to a second power down signal; and a selection unit configured to provide the gamma voltage to the output terminal.

Abstract: A gate-on voltage applied to a third gate line connected to the current stage pixel is configured to be applied during any one or more of a first pre-charge period, a second pre-charge period, and a main-charge period. Data voltages are applied, in order, to a before-previous stage pixel, a previous stage pixel, and a current stage pixel, and the signal controller is configured to control the gate driver to selectively apply the gate-on voltage to the gate line connected to the current stage pixel during at least one of the first pre-charge period while the before-previous stage pixel is being charged and the second pre-charge period while the previous stage pixel is charged, so as to at least partially pre-charge the current stage pixel.