Abstract: A process for printing a metal wire pattern on a substrate, including: printing a first salt solution including a metal ion that will undergo a reduction half-reaction; printing a second salt solution containing an oxidizing agent that will undergo an oxidation half-reaction in contact with the first salt solution, resulting in the reduction of the metal ions of the first salt solution; and allowing the first and second salt solutions to react by a galvanic reaction, causing reduced metal ions of the first salt solution to precipitate as a solid, on the substrate.

Abstract: A simplified tool is provided for simultaneous prediction of dent resistance and snap-through buckling resistance of roof panels including the effect of roof bow placement, curvatures of the roof panel, thickness of the roof, and steel grade. In one embodiment, a method of predicting snap-through buckling resistance of a sheet metal panel to an applied load under localized loading conditions is provided, wherein the sheet panel has certain defined geometries. The method includes the steps of: identifying first and second principal radii of curvature of the panel; identifying a thickness of the panel; identifying the distance of a portion of the panel between structural supports; creating a mathematical function to determine load deflection behavior for snap-through buckling; and determining the likelihood of the panel to display snap-through buckling characteristics under various localized applied loads by inputting the parameters.

Abstract: A fluid ejection device, comprising: a first semiconductor body including an actuator, which is operatively coupled to a chamber for containing the fluid and is configured to cause ejection of the fluid; and a channel for inlet of the fluid, which extends in a first direction and has a section having a first dimension; and a second semiconductor body, which is coupled to the first semiconductor body and has an ejection nozzle configured to expel the fluid. The second semiconductor body further comprises a first restriction channel, which is fluidically coupled to the inlet channel, extends in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and has a respective section with a second dimension smaller than the first dimension so as to form a restriction between the inlet channel and the chamber.

Abstract: An Inkjet printer includes: an inkjet printhead having an exposed corrodible structure containing silicon nitride, borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) or silicon oxide; and an ink reservoir containing said ink which is in fluid communication with said printhead. The ink includes: water; a dye; and a metal additive for minimizing corrosion of the exposed structure.

Abstract: A micro-fluid ejection head has an ejection chip to expel fluid. It connects to a laminate construct. The construct has vertically configured wiring layers interspersed with non-conductive layers, such as carbon fiber layers. An upper of the wiring layers electrically connects to the ejection chip. The upper layer may also support a planar undersurface of the chip directly on a surface or in a recessed pocket. The two can connect with a die bond, such as one having silica or boron nitride. Fluid connections exist between ink feed slots of the chip and the laminate construct. A silicon tile or other material may also fluidly interconnect with the two. A plastic manifold optionally supports the laminate construct and may fluidly connect to it. The wiring layers of the laminate contemplate ground, power, and various bond pads. Other construct layers contemplate prepreg or core FR4 layers.

Abstract: A valve jet printer includes a solenoid coil and a plunger rod having a magnetically susceptible shank. A first end of the shank and at least a portion of the shank are received within a bore of the solenoid coil. The printer also includes a nozzle including an orifice extending therethrough and a spring biasing a second end of the shank toward the nozzle. The second end of the plunger rod includes a tip formed of perfluoroelastomer (FFKM). The second end of the shank includes a cup-shaped cavity having a convex bottom and a circular side. The tip includes a concave base and an annular flange. In an assembled state, the concave base of the tip contacts the convex bottom of the cup-shaped cavity, and the end of the circular side opposite the convex bottom is rolled over the annular flange thereby securing the tip in the cup-shaped cavity.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a set-up surface that faces a support body in a negative Z direction and that is fixed to the support body, an ejection surface that faces in a positive Z direction and in which are located nozzles that eject ink, and a first support surface and a second support surface that face in the positive Z direction and are located on the negative Z direction side of the ejection surface, and, when viewed in the Z direction, are separated from each other with the ejection surface interposed therebetween in the Y direction.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid discharging apparatus which includes a modulation circuit which generates a modulation signal which is obtained by pulse-modulating a source signal, a transistor which generates an amplified modulation signal by amplifying the modulation signal, a low pass filter which includes an inductor and a capacitor and generates a drive signal by smoothening the amplified modulation signal, a piezoelectric element which is displaced by receiving the drive signal, a cavity of which the internal volume changes in accordance with the displacement of the piezoelectric element, a nozzle through which liquid in the cavity is discharged in accordance with change in the internal volume of the cavity, and a circuit substrate on which the modulation circuit, the transistor, and the low pass filter are mounted, in which the capacitor is a leadless type capacitor.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, an inkjet head comprises a plurality of groove-shaped pressure chambers formed on piezoelectric members of which the polarization directions are opposite, and a nozzle plate arranged at the lateral side of the pressure chambers across a lid section with high rigidity. A plurality of through holes connected to a plurality of nozzles formed on the nozzle plate is formed in the lid section. The inkjet head is set in a range of 10˜25% before and after a center, that is, a length ratio where the relation between ejection voltage of ink ejected from the nozzles and a length ratio between the length of the through hole of the lid section in the longitudinal direction of the pressure chamber and the length of the pressure chamber in the longitudinal direction of the pressure chamber is minimized.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head including plural liquid discharge portions each including a discharge port for discharging liquid, plural discharge ports forming a discharge port array; a common liquid supply flow path extending adjacent to the discharge port array on one side of the discharge port array; and a common liquid collection flow path extending adjacent to the discharge port array on the other side of the discharge port array. Each liquid discharge portion includes a pressure chamber having the discharge port, and a piezoelectric element facing the discharge port. The pressure chamber includes an inlet and an outlet end portion respectively connected to the common liquid supply and collection flow paths, and has an elongated shape connecting the inlet and outlet end portions. A plurality of inlet and outlet end portions are respectively arranged along the common liquid supply flow path and the common liquid collection flow path.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an ink jet printhead includes: providing a silicon substrate including active ejecting elements; providing a hydraulic structure layer; providing a silicon orifice plate having a plurality of nozzles for ejection of said ink; and assembling the silicon substrate with said hydraulic structure layer and said silicon orifice plate. Providing the silicon orifice plate comprises: providing a silicon wafer having a substantially planar extension delimited by a first and a second surfaces; performing a thinning step at the second surface so as to remove a central portion having a preset height; and forming in the silicon wafer a plurality of through holes, each defining a respective nozzle for ejection of the ink.

Abstract: A cap for installing a semiconductor device that can send or receive a light having a predetermined wavelength, the cap including a recess for installing the semiconductor device, the recess being defined by a through-hole penetrating an upper surface of a silicon substrate and a lower surface of the silicon substrate, the through-hole having an upper end part of the through-hole on a side of the upper surface of the silicon substrate and a lower end part of the through-hole on a side of the lower surface of the silicon substrate, and a coating film formed to cover the upper surface of the silicon substrate and the upper end part of the through-hole, wherein the coating film that covers the upper end part of the through-hole is a window part that transmits the light having a predetermined wavelength.

Abstract: A game joystick includes a lower half body, an upper half body covering on the lower half body, a battery cover covering on the upper half body and elastic elements mounted in the upper half body. The upper half body is concaved downward to form a plurality of buckling slots. An opening is opened in one sidewall of each buckling slot. The battery cover protrudes downward to form a plurality of buckling strips of which each defines a first pushing surface and a second pushing surface. The elastic element has a first elastic arm fastened in the upper half body, and a second elastic arm passing through the opening to elastically project in the buckling slot. The second elastic arms cooperate with the first pushing surfaces and the second pushing surfaces of the buckling strips inserted into the buckling slots to close or open the battery cover easily.

Abstract: An ink manifold for use with a heater chip in an inkjet printhead, including a first planar surface and a second opposite planar surface, a plurality of ink channels located on the first planar surface of the ink manifold for supplying ink to the heater chip, and a plurality of ink ports located on the second opposite planar surface of the ink manifold, each of the plurality of ink ports being in liquid communication with a respective one of the plurality of ink channels, each of the plurality of ink channels having a bottom wall defined by bottom wall portions that rise from each ink port within the ink channel to a maximum height at an angle of at least 12 degrees.

Abstract: A liquid ejection apparatus manufacturing method includes forming a metallic film in at least the section to be cut of a bonding surface between the flow path forming substrate (a second substrate) and the protection substrate (a first substrate); forming a first fragile section on the protection substrate by irradiating the section to be cut of the protection substrate bonded to the flow path forming substrate from the protection substrate side with a laser beam whose condensing point is focused thereon, and forming a second fragile section on the flow path forming substrate by melting the metallic film of the section to be cut; and dividing the protection substrate and the flow path forming substrate bonded to each other along the first fragile section and the second fragile section.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes: a liquid ejection head body; and a reservoir, wherein the reservoir includes: a reservoir flow passage; and a branched flow passage, the branched flow passage extends in one direction, and is communicated with the liquid ejection head body at both end portions thereof, and in viewing the liquid ejection head from a reservoir side, at least one of the reservoir flow passage and the branched flow passage in the vicinity of a connection portion where the reservoir flow passage and the branched flow passage are communicated with each other is bent such that an angle made by the reservoir flow passage and the branched flow passage approximates a right angle.

Abstract: A method of forming a conductive pattern includes forming a trench on a substrate, and providing a conductive ink to the trench while an electric field is generated between the substrate and a nozzle which ejects the conductive ink.

Abstract: A cooling system is provided. The cooling system includes an enclosure. The enclosure is defined by walls among which at least one is movable. The enclosure further includes at least one aperture on at least one wall. The system further includes an amplification element that is coupled with at least one walls of the enclosure. Further, the cooling system includes an actuation unit mechanically coupled with the amplification element. The actuation unit includes at least one actuation signal triggered actuator configured to cause a displacement the amplification element. In the cooling system, the amplification element is configured to amplify the actuator caused displacement through to the at least one wall of the enclosure such that fluid enters and exits the enclosure from the at least one aperture.

Abstract: A liquid discharging apparatus includes: a discharging portion which discharges liquid; a carriage which has the discharging portion mounted thereon, and is provided with a conductive member; a power supply source which supplies power for discharging the liquid from the discharging portion; a housing which has the power supply source installed therein; and a carriage guide axis which supports the carriage to be movable with respect to the housing, in which between the carriage guide axis and the conductive member, a coupling capacitance is formed by electric field coupling, and in which the coupling capacitance is included in a power supplying path to the discharging portion or a discharging path from the discharging portion, in a transmission path of the power.

Abstract: There are provided a process for fabricating MEMS device that includes a plurality of through-holes capable being arranged at a high density, the through-holes having a tapered end portion. Through-holes having vertical side surfaces and tapered bottoms are provided by a processing method including the steps of: disposing quadrilateral patterning having desired dimensions on a silicon substrate having a flat surface of a crystal plane, etching the substrate to a desired depth by dry etching that can realize a high aspect ratio etching, and anisotropic wet etching the dry etched substrate with a KOH aqueous solution containing isopropyl alcohol mixed thereinto.

Abstract: A device for dispensing adhesive on a substrate comprises a writing head with a first dispensing nozzle and at least one second dispensing nozzle. The device can be operated in two operating modes and is configured to perform the following steps for the change from the one operating mode to the other operating mode: —lifting of the writing head, retracting or extending a pin, and lowering of the writing head to a predetermined working altitude, wherein the tips of the dispensing nozzles reach a substantially similar altitude above the substrate in the retracted state of the pin, and wherein the tip of the at least one second dispensing nozzle reaches a higher altitude above the substrate than the tip of the first dispensing nozzle in the extended state of the pin.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus is provided, comprising a channel structure; a piezoelectric actuator which has a plurality of individual electrodes, a common electrode, and a piezoelectric layer sandwiched between the individual electrodes and the common electrode; and a driving device which drives the piezoelectric actuator. The driving device outputs an individual driving signal which causes a change of an electric potential of the individual electrode, to the individual electrode corresponding to the nozzle for discharging the liquid. Further, the driving device outputs a common driving signal which causes a change of an electric potential of the common electrode in synchronization with the change of the electric potential of the individual electrode into which the individual driving signal is inputted, to the common electrode.

Abstract: A liquid discharging substrate includes multiple heaters and multiple drive elements. A first wiring portion electrically connects the multiple heaters and a first electrode. A second wiring portion electrically connects the multiple drive elements and a second electrode. The first wiring portion includes multiple conductive members. The conductive members are connected to the first electrode and respective heaters. An insulating portion is disposed between each of the conductive members. The second wiring portion includes a common conductive member connected to the multiple drive elements and the second electrode.

Abstract: A substrate includes first and second power supply lines, and units. Each unit includes common transistor, discharge elements and individual transistors. One of source and drain of the common transistor is connected to the first power supply line, first nodes of the discharge elements are connected to other of the source and drain, one of source and drain of each individual transistor is connected to a second node of the discharge element, the other is connected to the second power supply line. Channel of the common transistor is wider than those of the individual transistors. Arrangement direction of the units and arrangement direction of the discharge elements are first direction, the first and second power supply lines extend in the first direction, and the second power supply line is wider than that of the first power supply line.

Abstract: An ink ejecting printer includes a recording head disposed with a prescribed clearance between the recording head and a recording medium having a predetermined length in a main scanning direction and ejects ink droplets onto the recording medium, a partitioning member longer than the recording head that has a predetermined width and can be moved between a position facing the recording head and a retracted position, a supporting member that supports the partitioning member movable between the position facing the recording head and the retracted position, a biasing unit that biases the supporting member toward the partitioning member is at the retracted position, a moving unit that moves the supporting member toward the partitioning member is at the position facing the recording head against the biasing unit, and a drive controller that moves the partitioning member to the position facing the recording head and performs dummy ejection at predetermined times.

Abstract: A coating auxiliary device, for coating hollow workpieces, includes a loading tray, masking stoppers, and an ejecting plate. The loading tray includes a loading surface, a matching surface opposite to the loading surface, and engaging portions extending up from the loading surface. Each workpiece is engaged with an engaging portion. The loading device defines guiding holes. Each guiding hole passes through an engaging portion and the matching surface and is in communication with the respective workpiece. Each masking stopper is configured to be inserted into a respective workpiece to mask an interior of the respective workpiece. The ejecting plate includes an assembling surface and ejecting rods extending up from the assembling surface. Each ejecting rod is configured to be guided into a respective guiding hole from the matching surface to eject out a respective masking stopper.

Abstract: A liquid drop ejecting head includes a a nozzle plate to form nozzles, a liquid chamber substrate including one surface bonded to the nozzle plate and forming liquid chambers provided for the nozzles and communicating with the nozzles, a diaphragm bonded to the other surface of the liquid chamber substrate to form a part of each liquid chamber, and a pressure generating unit giving pressure oscillation to the diaphragm in accordance with a liquid drop eject signal to exert pressure on a liquid in each liquid chamber through the diaphragm. In the liquid drop ejecting head, a protection film is formed on an inner side wall of each liquid chamber by a chemical reaction of fluorocarbon and silicon fluoride oxide of a by-product formed on the inner side wall of the liquid chamber with the formation of the liquid chambers in the liquid chamber substrate.

Abstract: A data transmitting and receiving device includes: a clock signal generator which modulates a reference clock signal having a reference frequency to produce a clock signal whose frequency changes in a set cycle within a set frequency band; and a frequency range storage which stores a first frequency range as a part of the set frequency band and/or a second frequency range as the rest part of the set frequency band. The first transmitter does not transmit first communication data to a first receiver based on the clock signal having the frequency belonging to the first frequency range and transmits the first communication data to the first receiver based on the clock signal having the frequency belonging to the second frequency range. The first receiver receives the first communication data from the first transmitter based on the clock signal having the frequency belonging to the second frequency range.

Abstract: A method and structure for a printhead including a plurality of electrostatic actuators may include the formation of a first conductive layer, a first dielectric layer over the first conductive layer, and a second dielectric layer over the first dielectric layer. The first and second dielectric layers may be patterned to expose the first conductive layer, then sidewalls of the first dielectric layer may be isotropically etched to recess the sidewalls under the second dielectric layer. A self-patterned second conductive layer may be formed to include a first portion that forms at least a portion of an actuator electrode and physically and electrically contacts the first conductive layer, and a second portion that physically contacts the second dielectric layer. An actuator membrane may be diffusion bonded to the second dielectric layer using the second portion of the second conductive layer.

Abstract: A process for producing a substrate for a liquid ejection head, including a step of forming a liquid supply port passing through a silicon substrate by dry etching, the step being a step of sequentially repeating the steps of (1) forming an etching protection film on the silicon substrate, (2) removing a bottom portion of the etching protection film, and (3) etching the silicon substrate, wherein a sheath formed in the step (2) is thicker than a sheath formed in the step (3).

Abstract: A liquid ejection head capable of more efficiently ejecting ink and an inkjet printing apparatus are provided. The liquid ejection head has a block member which surrounds at least a part of an effective bubble-generating region involved with heat generation in a heat-generating element and which is formed so as to protrude from the heat-generating element in a direction in which a liquid is ejected. The block member is arranged in a position where a distance of a position of an inner end part from an outer end part of the effective bubble-generating region is +2 ?m or less, with an outward direction being set to be positive.

Abstract: A system for generating a differential gloss image useful for digital printing directly on packaging includes a packaging transport and a laser glossing imager. The packaging transport is configured to position packaging substrate having a printed image to a laser glossing imager. The printed image is formed of toner or ink. The packaging substrate is aligned with respect to the laser glossing imager exposing one or more portions of the printed image to radiation for altering a surface of the one or more portions of the printed image for forming a differential gloss image.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an inkjet head includes a substrate, a nozzle plate, and an actuator incorporated in the nozzle plate. The nozzle plate includes a nozzle provided to communicate with an ink pressure chamber, and a vibrating plate exposed to the ink pressure chamber. The actuator displaces the vibrating plate in the thickness direction to pressurize ink in the ink pressure chamber via the vibrating plate and eject the ink from the nozzle. The ink pressure chamber has a first dimension in the thickness direction of the substrate and a second dimension in a direction orthogonal to the thickness direction of the substrate. The first dimension is larger than the second dimension.

Abstract: A liquid discharge recording apparatus includes a first liquid containing first 1,2-alkanediol; a liquid discharge head configured to discharge the first liquid; a second liquid containing second 1,2-alkanediol of which vapor pressure is lower than that of the first 1,2-alkanediol; and an absorber which contains the second liquid and which is configured to absorb the first liquid exited from the liquid discharge head.

Abstract: An inkjet printhead includes an oleophobic membrane arranged at a location that allows the oleophobic membrane to simultaneously vent air from an ink flow channel of the printhead and to retain ink within the ink flow channel. The oleophobic membrane includes a metal structure having a nanostructured surface and low-surface energy coating disposed on the metal structure.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a printhead circuit, devices, and methods of forming the printhead circuit. An example of a printhead circuit includes a substrate including a slot having a first, a second, and a third dimension in the substrate, circuitry on a first side and a second side of the slot, and a number of conductor traces routed across the slot along substantially a same geometrical plane as the circuitry on the first side and the second side of the slot.

Abstract: A material deposition system includes a frame, a support coupled to the frame to support an electronic substrate during a deposit operation, a gantry coupled to the frame, and a deposition head coupled to the gantry. The deposition head is movable over the support by movement of the gantry. The deposition head includes a chamber to hold material, an actuator to push a volume of material out of the chamber, a needle extending from the chamber and terminating in a needle orifice, and at least two air jets located on opposite sides of the needle orifice. A desired volume of material is formed at the needle orifice in response to the actuator, and each of the at least two air jets produce a timed pulse of air to create a micro-droplet from the desired volume and to accelerate the micro-droplet to high velocity.

Abstract: Approaches to remove bubbles from ink in an ink jet printer are described. Bubble removal may be implemented using a membrane disposed along an ink flow path. The membrane includes first and second component membranes having first and second coefficients of thermal expansion. The membrane is configured to, in response to a change in ink temperature, mechanically displace as a function of temperature due to a difference in the thermal coefficients of expansion of the first and second component membranes. The mechanical displacement of the membrane causes a volumetric change in a portion of the ink flow path.

Abstract: A method of printing a two-dimensional bit-mapped image having a number of pixels per row for printing is disclosed. The method and apparatus use either a plurality of overlapping printheads (300) or a printhead or plurality of printheads indexed through overlapping positions. The or each printhead has a row of ejection channels (301), each of which has associated ejection electrodes to which a voltage is applied to cause particulate concentrations to be formed from within a body of printing fluid. In order to cause volumes of charged particulate concentrations of one of a number of predetermined volume sizes to be ejected as printed droplets from selected ejection channels of the overlapping printheads, voltage pulses (VE) of respective predetermined amplitude and duration, as determined by respective image pixel bit values, are applied to the electrodes of the selected ejection channels.

Abstract: A printhead including a venting system and an actuator array, wherein each actuator may include an actuator air chamber. The venting system includes an air path that vents each actuator air chamber to the atmosphere. The printhead further includes a dryer configured to remove moisture from air within the air path. The dryer may include a passive desiccant, an active resistive heater, or both.

Abstract: A printhead including a venting system and an actuator array, wherein each actuator may include an actuator air chamber. The venting system includes an air path that vents each actuator air chamber to the atmosphere. The printhead further includes a dryer configured to remove moisture from air within the air path. The dryer may include a passive desiccant, an active resistive heater, or both.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes a substrate on the surface of which a liquid supply port opens, and a sealing material that is in contact with a side surface of the substrate and that seals the side surface of the substrate. On the surface of the substrate, an opening of the liquid supply port extends in a longitudinal direction. In a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the sealing material has a narrow region and a wide region. When the width of the narrow region is denoted as W1, and the width of the wide region is denoted as W2, W1<W2. The narrow region of the sealing material is formed in a position corresponding to the opening of the liquid supply port. In a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction, the length of the narrow region of the sealing material is less than the length of the opening of the liquid supply port.

Abstract: A material deposition system includes a frame, a support coupled to the frame to support an electronic substrate during a deposit operation, a gantry coupled to the frame, and a deposition head coupled to the gantry. The deposition head is movable over the support by movement of the gantry. The deposition head includes a chamber to hold material, an actuator to push a volume of material out of the chamber, a needle extending from the chamber and terminating in a needle orifice, and at least two air jets located on opposite sides of the needle orifice. A desired volume of material is formed at the needle orifice in response to the actuator, and each of the at least two air jets produce a timed pulse of air to create a micro-droplet from the desired volume and to accelerate the micro-droplet to high velocity.

Abstract: An ink jet printhead including a thermo-pneumatic actuator array for ejecting ink from an array of nozzles. The actuator array may include the use of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) semiconductor wafer including a device layer, a handle layer, and a dielectric layer that physically separates the device layer from the handle layer to simplify printhead formation. During an exemplary process, the SOI wafer is attached to a heater wafer and a nozzle plate is attached to the dielectric layer such that, during use of the printhead, the device layer functions as an actuator membrane. Deflection of the device layer during use of the printhead creates a pressure within an ink chamber which causes ejection of ink from one of the nozzles of the array of nozzles.

Abstract: A process for producing a liquid ejection head having a piezoelectric body provided with an ejection orifice for ejecting liquid and a pressure chamber communicating therewith for retaining the liquid, wherein an electrode is formed on an inner wall surface of the pressure chamber to deform the pressure chamber by piezoelectric action caused by applying voltage to the electrode to eject the liquid, comprising providing the piezoelectric body in which a surface thereof having the ejection orifice has an arithmetic mean roughness of 0.1-1 ?m, forming a dry film resist pattern on the surface of the piezoelectric body so as to expose the ejection orifice and a linear region connected thereto, and forming a metal thin film pattern being connected to the electrode on the inner wall surface and continuously extending from the inner wall surface to the linear region by using the dry film resist pattern as a mask.

Abstract: A printing device includes a solution tank, a nozzle unit including a distribution path and a plurality of nozzles connected with the distribution path the nozzle unit being connected with the solution tank through a first pipe; a gas supply connected with the nozzle unit through a second pipe; and a discharge unit connected with the nozzle unit through a third pipe, wherein the distribution path includes first portions and second portions that respectively have different widths.

Abstract: Provided herein is an apparatus for printing cells which includes an electrospinning device and an inkjet printing device operatively associated therewith. Methods of making a biodegradable scaffold having cells seeded therein are also provided. Methods of forming microparticles containing one or more cells encapsulated by a substrate are also provided, as are methods of forming an array of said microparticles.

Abstract: An ink jet printhead including a thermo-pneumatic actuator array for ejecting ink from an array of nozzles. The actuator array may include a plurality of channels in fluid communication with a plurality of working fluid chambers. After completing formation of the actuator array, working fluid may be injected into a working fluid inlet on an exterior of the actuator array and into the plurality of working fluid chambers through the plurality of channels.

Abstract: A circuit can include a die configured to electronically control particular elements and a flex circuit having copper leads coated with a non-gold corrosion inhibitor, the flex circuit being electrically connected to the die by the copper leads.

Abstract: A unit head has a head main body having a nozzle surface, and a substrate case having a fastening surface fastened to a fixation frame of a frame and accommodating a relay substrate. The fastening surface of a substrate case is formed at a position closer to a surface of an opposite side to a fixation frame than a side surface of a fastening surface side of the head main body, and the head main body is positioned further at an ink ejecting side than the fixation frame with the faster surface being fixed to the fixation frame, the other end of a first cable whose one end is connected to the electrode terminal of a piezoelectric element is connected to the relay substrate, a second cable connected to the relay substrate is drawn to an opposite side to a nozzle surface from a position close to a surface of an opposite side to the fastening surface, and the other end of the second cable is connected to a drive substrate.