Abstract: A piezoelectric element comprising a first electrode, a piezoelectric layer which is composed of a metal oxide containing lead, zirconium and titanium and which formed above the first electrode, and a second electrode formed above the piezoelectric layer. The piezoelectric layer has negatively charged Pb—O complex defects and positively charged Pb—O complex defects, the concentration of the negatively charged Pb—O complex defects being higher than the concentration of the positively charged Pb—O complex defects.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ink jet head capable of ejecting an exact amount of ink, an angular velocity sensor capable of measuring an exact angular velocity, and a piezoelectric generating element capable of generating an electric power due to positive piezoelectric effect, even when the applied electric field of 40 kV/cm or more is applied. The piezoelectric film used for the present invention comprises a piezoelectric layer and first and second electrodes which sandwich the piezoelectric layer therebetween, the first electrode comprises a (001) orientation, the piezoelectric layer is composed of (1-z)(NaxBiy)TiO0.5x+1.5y+2-zBaTiO3 having a (001) orientation, x is not less than 0.30 and not more than 0.46, y is not less than 0.51 and not more than 0.62, and z is not less than 0.07 and not more than 0.09.

Abstract: An inkjet head includes: a pressure chamber; an actuator which expands and contracts volume of the pressure chamber; an ink supply flow channel; an individual supply flow channel having one end connected to the ink supply flow channel and another end connected to the pressure chamber, for guiding ink from the ink supply flow channel to the pressure chamber; a nozzle which ejects the ink; a nozzle flow channel having one end connected to the pressure chamber and another end connected to the nozzle, for guiding the ink from the pressure chamber to the nozzle; an ink recovery flow channel; an individual recovery flow channel having one end connected to the nozzle flow channel at a prescribed connection position set at an intermediate point of the nozzle flow channel and another end connected to the ink recovery flow channel, for guiding the ink from the nozzle flow channel to the ink recovery flow channel; an ink flow generation device which generates a flow of the ink from the nozzle flow channel toward the ind

Abstract: A piezoelectric inkjet printhead is monolithically fabricated on a substrate. The printhead includes a plurality of cavities formed into the substrate, piezoelectric actuators disposed over the top of the cavities, a fluidic structure and an ink supply channel. The piezoelectric actuators are formed over the cavities using a sacrificial material which fills the cavities and is removed after the actuators are formed. The fluidic structure defines pressurizing chambers and channels connected to the ink supply channel. The fluidic structure has a plurality of nozzle holes formed on the top surface. The cavities are connected to either a venting channel formed from the backside of the substrate or a venting chamber formed inside the fluidic structures.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a pressure-generating chamber in fluid communication with a nozzle opening and a piezoelectric element having a piezoelectric layer and electrodes provided to the piezoelectric layer. The piezoelectric layer is composed of a complex oxide having a perovskite structure containing bismuth and cerium in the A site of the perovskite structure and at least one metallic element selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, and chromium in the B site of the perovskite structure, and the molar ratio of the metallic element or elements in the B site, the bismuth, and the cerium is 1:(1?x):(3x/4).

Abstract: Provided are a piezoelectric element that can effectively utilize a piezoelectric constant d15 to increase a deflection displacement of a vibrating plate, and devices using the piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric element includes: a first electrode; a second electrode; a vibrating plate that is in contact with the first electrode; a piezoelectric film provided between the first electrode and the second electrode; at least one recess formed on the second electrode side of the piezoelectric film; and a third electrode formed on an inner side wall of the at least one recess, in which the third electrode is connected to the second electrode.

Abstract: A damper includes a reservoir which stores a liquid and damps a pressure fluctuation in the liquid and includes a gas-liquid separation membrane which demarcates an upper portion of the reservoir, and a flexible damper film which demarcates the reservoir at a lower side of the gas-liquid separation membrane. Accordingly, there is provided a damper which is capable of improving an air-discharge efficiency while suppressing an increase in the size, and moreover improving a pressure relaxation efficiency.

Abstract: A piezoelectric actuator disposed on a surface of a flow-path forming member may comprise a first piezoelectric layer disposed farthest from the surface of the flow-path forming member. The piezoelectric actuator may comprise a surface electrode disposed on one surface of the first piezoelectric layer opposite the surface of the flow-path forming member. The piezoelectric actuator may comprise a land bonded to a terminal of a power supply member. The piezoelectric actuator may comprise a continuous detection electrode including an outer peripheral portion extending along the outline of an area that opposes the land to surround the area and being disposed on one of the other surface of the first piezoelectric layer and a surface of a second piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head including: a channel unit having pressure chambers, ejection openings, and liquid channels; and an actuator unit including a piezoelectric layer and individual electrodes formed on a face of the piezoelectric layer, the actuator unit being configured to apply a drive voltage to the individual electrodes, wherein each of the individual electrodes includes: a land to which the drive voltage is applied; a main portion disposed such that an entire area thereof is opposite to a corresponding one of the pressure chambers in a direction perpendicular to the face of the piezoelectric layer; an extended portion extending, in an extending direction in which the extended portion extends, from the main portion toward the land along the face so as to connect the main portion and the land; and a dummy extended portion extending from the main portion along the face in an opposite direction opposite to the extending direction.

Abstract: A first piezoelectric layer is formed with independent electrodes separated from one another and arranged at positions corresponding to openings of pressure chambers. The first layer has independent active portions at positions where the independent electrodes are located. The independent active portions can displace selectively. A second piezoelectric layer is formed with individual electrodes connected by connection electrodes and arranged at positions corresponding to the openings. The second layer has individual active portions at positions where the individual electrodes are located. The individual active portions cannot displace selectively. Each opening has a shape that is longer in one direction than in another direction intersecting the one direction. Each individual electrode has a shape that is longer in the one direction than in the another direction.

Abstract: A fluid ejection device includes a flexible membrane and an adhesive layer on the flexible membrane. The adhesive layer includes a first region and a second region extending from the first region. The fluid ejection device includes a piezoelectric material layer including an edge region and a central region. A surface of the edge region of the piezoelectric material layer is substantially coplanar with a surface of the second region of the adhesive layer. The surface of the edge region and the surface of the second region are substantially parallel with the flexible membrane.

Abstract: A liquid jet head (1) includes a nozzle plate (4) including nozzles (3) for ejecting liquid, side walls (6) placed above the nozzle plate (4), the side walls (6) forming grooves (5) having a fixed depth in a longitudinal direction thereof, drive electrodes (7) formed on wall surfaces of the side walls (6), for selectively deforming the side walls (6), a cover plate (10) placed on upper surfaces (US) of the side walls (6), the cover plate (10) including a supply port (8) for supplying liquid to the grooves (5) and a discharge port (9) for discharging liquid from the grooves (5), and sealing materials (11) for closing the grooves (5) outside communicating portions between the grooves (5) and the supply port (8) and between the grooves (5) and the discharge port (9). Accordingly, an outside shape of the liquid jet head is downsized and patterning of electrodes is facilitated.

Abstract: An inkjet printhead includes multiple head modules and a mount base. The multiple head modules each includes a laminate unit containing a nozzle to eject ink in droplets and an ink chamber in fluid communication with the nozzle. The multiple head modules are mounted on the mount base. The mount base defines a first contact surface facing a first direction in which the ink is ejected. Each laminate unit defines a second contact surface facing a second direction opposite to the first direction. The first and second contact surfaces are held in contact with each other to position each head module in the mount base.

Abstract: A droplet ejecting apparatus, including: a droplet ejecting head including a cavity unit with pressure chambers and a piezoelectric actuator; and a voltage application device, the actuator including: first active portions; second active portions; a first potential electrode which is constantly given a first potential by the voltage application device; a second potential electrode which includes second branch portions respectively corresponding to the second active portions and a second trunk portion that connects the second branch portions and which is constantly given a second potential different from the first potential by the voltage application device; and individual electrodes to each of which the first and second potentials are selectively given at a connection portion thereof by the voltage application device, wherein the connection portion is disposed so as to overlap the second trunk portion as seen in a superposition direction in which the cavity unit and the actuator are superposed.

Abstract: A fluid ejection device includes a flexible membrane and an adhesive layer on the flexible membrane. The adhesive layer includes a first region and a second region extending from the first region. The fluid ejection device includes a piezoelectric material layer including an edge region and a central region. A surface of the edge region of the piezoelectric material layer is substantially coplanar with a surface of the second region of the adhesive layer. The surface of the edge region and the surface of the second region are substantially parallel with the flexible membrane.

Abstract: A fluid ejection device includes a flexible membrane and an adhesive layer on the flexible membrane. The adhesive layer includes a first region and a second region extending from the first region. The fluid ejection device includes a piezoelectric material layer including an edge region and a central region. A surface of the edge region of the piezoelectric material layer is substantially coplanar with a surface of the second region of the adhesive layer. The surface of the edge region and the surface of the second region are substantially parallel with the flexible membrane.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electromechanical transducer film forming method including a surface modification process; an application process; and processes of drying, thermally decomposing, and crystallizing sol-gel solution applied to a portion of a surface of a first electrode. An electromechanical transducer film is formed on a desired pattern area on the surface of the first electrode by repeating the above processes. In the application process, each of dots of the sol-gel solution applied by the inkjet method drops onto both a first area inside the desired pattern area and a second area outside the desired pattern area. The first area is a hydrophilic area on the surface of the first electrode, and the second area is a hydrophobic area on the surface of the first electrode. The hydrophilic area and the hydrophobic area have been modified by the surface modification process.

Abstract: One of an electric wiring substrate and a retaining member includes a section having an absorptance with respect to a laser beam, and the other one of the electric wiring substrate and the retaining member includes a section having a transmittance with respect to the laser beam. The electric wiring substrate and the retaining member are welded to each other by irradiation with a laser beam. At this time, the electric wiring substrate and the retaining member are welded to each other at least at a part of an outer peripheral section of the electric wiring substrate.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element has a piezoelectric body, two electrodes sandwiching the piezoelectric body, a protective layer covering the piezoelectric body and the two electrodes, and an antistatic layer formed on and/or in the protective layer.

Abstract: An ink-jet head is disclosed. The ink-jet head can include: a chamber for holding ink, an actuator coupled to one side of the chamber to provide pressure to the chamber, a damper portion connected with the other side of the chamber, an accelerator portion extending from a lateral surface of the damper portion, and a nozzle formed at an end of the accelerator portion. Certain embodiments of the invention can be used to increase the speed at which ink is ejected and improve the straightness of the ejection path.

Abstract: A fluid ejection module includes a die having a plurality of substantially identical fluid ejector units formed therein. Each fluid ejector unit includes a flow path formed therethrough, the flow path including a pumping chamber fluidically connected to a nozzle, and an actuator assembly including a membrane providing a wall of the pumping chamber and an actuator, the actuator assembly configured to eject fluid from a pumping chamber through an associated nozzle. The plurality of individually actuatable fluid ejector units includes a plurality of individually actuatable first fluid ejector units and at least one second fluid ejector unit, and the actuator assembly of the at least one second fluid ejector unit includes a material deposited on the actuator such that the actuator assembly of the at least one second fluid ejector unit is stiffer than the actuator assemblies of the first fluid ejector units.

Abstract: A liquid-droplet jetting apparatus includes a pressure-applying mechanism and a channel unit. The channel unit has a stacked body made of a plurality of metal plates. A plurality of pressure chambers arranged in a row in one direction, a plurality of manifolds which are arranged to be mutually adjacent and which extend in the one direction, and a plurality of communication channels each communicating one of the pressure chambers with one of the manifolds are formed in the stacked body. Here, the communication channels have channel resistances which are same. It is possible to divide the manifold into a plurality of divided manifold portions, and the construction of the channel unit as a whole can be made compact while suppressing the variation in jetting characteristic, thereby making the size of the liquid-droplet jetting apparatus to be small.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head is equipped with a piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric element has a piezoelectric layer containing titanium (Ti) and zirconium (Zr) and first and second electrodes provided on both faces of the piezoelectric layer. The composition ratio of Ti and Zr in the piezoelectric layer Ti/(Zr+Ti) is in the range of 0.50 to 0.60 both inclusive. The piezoelectric layer contains rhombohedral crystals at least in a portion thereof covering the first electrode.

Abstract: An actuator that includes a substrate; first conductive layers provided so as to extend in a first direction and to be disposed adjacent to each other on the substrate; a piezoelectric body layer having a first portion formed so as to cover the first conductive layers and openings between the first conductive layers, a second portion other than the first portions, and a contact to the first conductive layer; a second conductive layer having a third portion which overlap with the first conductive layers in the second direction, a fourth portion connected to the third portion being formed over the second portion of the piezoelectric body layer, and a fifth portion connected to the first conductive layer in the contact; and a wiring having a sixth portion which is formed over the fourth portion of the second conductive layer and a seventh portion connected to the fifth portion.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head may include a plurality of plates which are laminated via an adhesive. At least one of the plurality of plates may include a plurality of holes which are configured to function as liquid channels. The plate may include a plurality of individual bonding margins which are formed on a surface of the plate, and individually surround the plurality of holes. The plate may include a bonding margin bridge which extends parallel to a direction connecting the plurality of holes to each other, and connect the plurality of individual bonding margins to each other. The plate may include a groove which defines outer edges of the plurality of individual bonding margins and the bonding margin bridge on the surface of the plate.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an angular velocity sensor capable of measuring an exact angular velocity, an ink jet head capable of producing an exact amount of ink, and a piezoelectric generating element capable of generating electric power due to positive piezoelectric effect. In the present invention, a piezoelectric film comprising a first electrode, a piezoelectric layer, and a second electrode is used. The first electrode comprises an electrode layer having a (001) orientation. The piezoelectric layer comprises a (NaxBiy)TiO0.5x+1.5y+2—BaTiO3 layer (0.30?x?0.46 and 0.51?y?0.62) having a (001) orientation.

Abstract: A method for assembling an inkjet jet print head enables piezoelectric transducers to be bonded to an inkjet ejector without closing inlets to a pressure chamber within the inkjet ejector. The method includes bonding a polymer layer to a diaphragm layer having a plurality of openings, bonding piezoelectric transducers to the diaphragm layer with a thermoset adhesive, placing thermoset polymer in areas between the piezoelectric transducers on the diaphragm layer, and drilling inlets through the thermoset polymer and the diaphragm at the openings in the diaphragm.

Abstract: A printhead assembly includes a plurality of functional plates bonded together in a stack by polymeric adhesive(s). The surfaces of the functional plates that contact the polymeric adhesives are subjected to a coating process that includes providing a coating of an adhesion promoter, namely polydopamine, prior to application of the adhesive. The adhesive may be a crosslinkable acrylic adhesive or a thermoplastic polyimide. The polydopamine coating is applied by immersing the functional plate in a buffered dopamine solution for a period sufficient to produce a coating having a pre-determined thickness. The thickness of the coating is controlled by submerging the functional plate in the buffered dopamine solution while the pH value of the dopamine solution is maintained at a value sufficient for polymerization of the dopamine during that time period, and then transferring the plates to a solution having a pH value that is insufficient to sustain the polymerization reaction.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a flow passage substrate having a pressure generation chamber in communication with a nozzle opening. A piezoelectric element includes first and second electrode and a piezoelectric substance layer and is positioned over one surface of the flow passage substrate. The piezoelectric element is deformed to form a convex toward the pressure generation chamber when the piezoelectric element is driven. A protection film formed from an inorganic material covers the piezoelectric element and has an opening through which an upper surface of the second electrode is exposed. An end of the opening in the protection film viewed in a direction of the length of the pressure generation chamber is located closer to the center than is an area at which the center of curvature of a curve of the piezoelectric element that forms near a wall around the pressure generation chamber during deformation operation.

Abstract: An inkjet printer head includes a nozzle plate having nozzles for jetting ink; a flow path plate having flow paths for communicating with the nozzles, each of the flow paths including a pressure chamber and a resistance part having a smaller cross-sectional area than the pressure chamber, wherein piezoelectric elements having smaller horizontal areas than the flow paths are laminated on the flow path plate; and a common liquid chamber configured to guide the ink from an opening to the pressure chamber. The common liquid chamber is formed by a first member and a second member. The first member forms a top part of the common liquid chamber, and the second member forms a side surface and a bottom surface of a bottom part of the common liquid chamber by adhering to an outer wall of the first member and to an ink jetting surface of the nozzle plate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ink jet head exhibiting good assemblability while protecting an electrode portion. An ink jet head (10) comprising a head chip (2) including drive walls (22) and channels (23) juxtaposed alternately with a drive electrode (25) being formed on the drive wall (22), and a nozzle plate (24) wherein a connection electrode is formed on the rear surface of the head chip (2), a wiring board (3) on which an electrode portion (32) is formed is bonded to project from the head chip (2), and ink in the channel (23) is ejected by causing shear deformation of the drive wall (22) is further provided with a holding member (5) disposed at a position covering the electrode portion (32) and holding a portion (31) of the wiring board (3) projecting from the head chip (2), and an electrode portion protection member (4) bonded between the holding member (5) and the electrode portion (32) using adhesive and having a thickness in the range of 0.01-0.5 mm at a part covering the electrode portion (32).

Abstract: Provided is a nozzle arrangement for an inkjet printhead. The nozzle arrangement includes a substrate defining an ink inlet channel therethrough, and side walls arranged on the substrate to define an ink chamber operatively supplied with ink via the channel. The arrangement also includes an anchor fast with the substrate proximate one side wall, and an ink ejecting roof structure pivotally mounted on the substrate and positioned as a roof over the side walls to enclose the chamber, the structure fast with the anchor via a thermal expansion actuator.

Abstract: A liquid-ejecting head includes a flow-passage-forming substrate that includes a pressure-generating chamber, the pressure-generating chamber being in communication with a nozzle through which droplets are ejected, and a piezoelectric element disposed on the flow-passage-forming substrate, the piezoelectric element altering the internal pressure of the pressure-generating chamber. The piezoelectric element includes a piezoelectric layer containing titanium (Ti) and zirconium (Zr), a first electrode, and a second electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are disposed on the opposite sides of the piezoelectric layer,. The component ratio Ti/(Zr+Ti) of the piezoelectric layer is 0.40 or more but less than 0.50. At least a portion of the piezoelectric layer formed on the first electrode contains tetragonal crystals formed by phase transition under stress caused by an underlying layer.

Abstract: A method for adhesive stacking includes dispensing a first line of adhesive onto a first substrate; dispensing at least one additional line of adhesive stacked onto the first line of adhesive; and placing a second substrate onto the at least one additional line of adhesive to join the first and second substrates.

Abstract: An ink jet printhead including a plurality of piezoelectric elements and a photosensitive interstitial layer which fills spaces between each adjacent piezoelectric element. The ink jet printhead can be formed using a simplified method to pattern the photosensitive interstitial layer, and to remove a diaphragm attach material which covers a plurality of openings through a diaphragm using laser ablation.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes: a nozzle plate provided with nozzle openings; an actuator unit including a flow channel formation substrate in which pressure generation chambers are provided and piezoelectric actuators that cause a change in the pressure of the liquid within respective pressure generation chambers; a communication substrate in which communication channels that communicate between the pressure generation chambers and corresponding nozzle openings are provided; a first case member that is a frame member affixed to the communication substrate so that the actuator unit is disposed within the first case member and that, along with the actuator unit, forms a manifold that holds the liquid to be supplied to the pressure generation chambers; and a second case member that is affixed to the first case member and in which is formed an introduction channel that sends the liquid from the exterior to the manifold.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a piezoelectric actuator including a first electrode film forming process; a monomolecular film forming process; a pattering process of removing a monomolecular film having a rectangular shape; an application process of applying a precursor solution to the first electrode film exposed in the rectangular shape; a piezoelectric film forming process of converting the applied precursor solution into a piezoelectric film; and a second electrode film forming process. Materials of the precursor solution, the first electrode film, and the monomolecular film are adjusted so that the first electrode film is lyophilic and the monomolecular film is lyophobic to the precursor solution. The piezoelectric film forming process includes a drying and thermally decomposing process of drying and thermally decomposing the precursor solution; and a crystallizing process of crystallizing a thermally decomposed piezoelectric material.

Abstract: A microfluidics system comprising a channel having an inlet (32) and an outlet (38); a first membrane (31) positioned between the inlet (32) and outlet (38) and comprising an aperture having a radius within the range 0.1 to 50 ?m, the inlet (32) and the outlet (38) being in hydraulic communication with one another, such that a fluid can move along the channel from the inlet to the outlet.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an ink-jet head includes a main body, electrodes, electrically conductive portions, an insulating film, a frame member, a lid member, an electronic component, a protective agent. The main body includes pressure chambers. The insulating film covers the electrodes and a part of the electrically conductive portions. The frame member is attached to the main body from above the insulating film. The protective agent covers an end portion of the insulating film located between the frame member and the electronic component and the electrically conductive portions between the electronic component and the end portion of the insulating film.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an ink jet head includes: a nozzle plate including plural nozzles; a piezoelectric element including plural pressure chambers corresponding to the nozzles and sidewalls provided adjacent to the pressure chambers and functioning as driving elements that press the pressure chambers to eject liquid from the nozzles; a substrate to which the piezoelectric element is bonded; a frame member placed on the substrate to surround the piezoelectric element; and electrodes for driving the piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric element includes slopes continuous to the upper end of the piezoelectric element and not in contact with the nozzle plate. The substrate has a surface layer formed on the surface thereof and includes recess continuous to the slopes in the surface layer. The electrodes are formed on the slopes and the recess.

Abstract: Methods and an apparatus are disclosed, wherein a print head die includes a slot and ribs across the slot. The ribs are recessed from one or both sides of the die.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head comprising: a pressure generating chamber substrate having pressure generating chambers; and a piezoelectric element including first conductive layer, piezoelectric layer, and a second conductive layer provided above the pressure generating chamber substrate, wherein the piezoelectric element includes overlapped areas where the pressure generating chamber and the piezoelectric element overlap one another in plan view, the first conductive layer has a longitudinal direction in a first direction and a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and are provided for each of the overlapped areas, the second conductive layer is provided continuously so as to overlap with a plurality of the pressure generating chambers and includes end areas on the side of the ends of the overlapped areas in the first direction, and the end areas are each reduced in width in the second direction as it goes toward the end in the first direction.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head including a pressure generating chamber that communicates with a nozzle opening that ejects liquid and a piezoelectric element that generates a pressure change in the pressure generating chamber. The piezoelectric element includes a first electrode, a piezoelectric body layer that is formed on the first electrode which includes a grain-shaped region, and a second electrode that is formed on a side of the piezoelectric body layer that is opposite to the first electrode.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head unit includes liquid ejecting heads, each having a row of nozzles that eject liquid. The liquid ejecting heads are anchored to a base plate. An anchoring plate is anchored to the base plate and positions the liquid ejecting heads relative to the base plate. A reference mark is formed in the anchoring plate and a positioning mark is formed in the base plate for positioning the anchoring plate relative to the base plate. The positioning marks are formed along the direction in which the nozzles are arranged in a row. A related manufacturing method includes selecting the positioning mark in accordance with a predetermined resolution and anchoring the anchoring plate to the base plate so that the reference mark and the selected positioning mark are in the same relative positional relationship. The liquid ejecting heads are anchored to the base plate using the anchoring plate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ink-jet print head comprising a substrate, a structural or barrier layer defining ink passage ways, and, optionally, a nozzle plate, wherein a layer of polymeric material comprising carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms improves the adhesion of the layer defining ink passage ways with the substrate and/or the nozzle plate. The present invention also relates to a process of manufacturing an inkjet print head including the step of forming the layer of polymeric material comprising carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms with a plasma treatment.

Abstract: The method of manufacturing a piezoelectric element includes the steps of: a lower electrode forming step of forming a lower electrode on a surface of a substrate; a piezoelectric film deposition step of depositing a piezoelectric film made of a piezoelectric material by one of epitaxial growth and oriented growth onto a surface of the lower electrode reverse to a surface adjacent to the substrate; an upper electrode forming step of forming an upper electrode onto a surface of the piezoelectric film reverse to a surface adjacent to the lower electrode; and a polarization direction reversal step of reversing a polarization direction of the piezoelectric film by applying an alternating electric field of an intensity not lower than a coercive electric field of the piezoelectric material, between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, and then applying a direct electric field of an intensity not lower than the coercive electric field in a direction from the upper electrode toward the lower electrode.

Abstract: A method includes a stacked substrate forming step (S1) of bonding a piezoelectric substrate (3) onto a first base substrate (2), a groove forming step (S2) of alternately forming ejection grooves (5) and a dummy grooves (6) in parallel with one another, the ejection grooves and the dummy grooves having a depth to pierce the piezoelectric substrate and to reach the first base substrate, an electrode material depositing step (S3) of depositing a electrode material (8) on inner surfaces of the ejection grooves and a dummy grooves (6), a cover plate bonding step (S4) of bonding a cover plate (9), a first base substrate removing step (S5) of removing a part of the first base substrate and removing the electrode material, and a second base substrate bonding step (S6) of bonding a second base substrate (10) to the first base substrate to close openings of the dummy grooves.

Abstract: An ink jet head includes a piezoelectric element including pressure chambers and partition walls, a nozzle plate including nozzles which are laser-machined, an adhesive which adheres the nozzle plate to the partition walls, a first protection film covering an electrode, and a second protection film which is stacked on the first protection film. The adhesive includes an excess portion which protrudes into the pressure chamber. A cut portion along a direction of radiation of a laser beam is formed at the excess portion. The second protection film includes a damage hole at an area on which the laser beam is made incident. The first protection film is exposed from the damage hole. A part of the first protection film, which corresponds to the damage hole, has a film thickness of 0.1 ?m to 0.5 ?m, and the first protection film has a refractive index of 1.1 to 2.0.

Abstract: A method forms apertures in a polymer aperture plate configured for use in a piezoelectric print head. The method includes bonding a polymer aperture plate to an outlet plate configured with outlets, and aligning a laser with the outlets in the outlet plate to ablate apertures in the polymer aperture plate that are aligned with the outlets.

Abstract: An inkjet printhead having at least one internal electrode in contact with ink in use, wherein region(s) of the electrode surface are covered by an electrically insulating organic material that has been deposited thereon by electrophoresis.