Abstract: An inspection method for inspecting a counting function of an imaging system that captures an image of a phase object includes: capturing an image of a reference standard plate that includes a base region and a plurality of counting target regions having a phase amount in a thickness direction different from a phase amount of the base region, under a condition where the number of counting target regions positioned within a field of view of the imaging system is specified among the plurality of counting target regions; counting the counting target regions included in the captured image of the reference standard plate; and outputting at least a counted result of the counting target regions.

Abstract: The present technology relates to a data processing apparatus, a data processing method, and a program that are capable of generating calibration data for performing appropriate image processing. The data processing apparatus performs interpolation to generate calibration data for a predetermined focus position by using calibration data for a plurality of focus positions. The calibration data for the plurality of focus positions is generated from a calibration image captured at the plurality of focus positions. The calibration image is obtained by capturing an image of a known object in the plurality of focus positions with a multi-lens camera that captures an image from two or more viewpoints. The present technology is applicable, for example, to a multi-lens camera that captures an image from two or more viewpoints.

Abstract: Shortwave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) systems comprise a supercontinuum laser source configured to illuminate objects and a receiver comprising a spectrometer configured to receive light reflected from the objects. In some cases, hyperspectral images can be created by raster scanning of the source/receiver across a scene. The supercontinuum laser source provides active illumination to allow collection of hyperspectral imagery during day (including overcast conditions) and night. Additionally, the hyperspectral imaging systems can use range-gated imaging.

Abstract: Novel system, methods, which include machine learning, and device for providing color and fashion recommendations, including for persons with visual impairment such as color blindness or complete blindness.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes a deflector configured to deflect illumination light from a light source unit to scan an object and to deflect reflected light from the object, and a controller configured to control the deflector. A first divergence angle of the illumination light in a first cross section is larger than a second divergence angle in a second cross section orthogonal to the first section. The controller controls the deflector so that the illumination light moves in the first cross section at a first speed and moves in the second cross section at a second speed higher than the first speed.

Abstract: This invention provides a video analyzing apparatus which comprises an acquisition unit configured to acquire an image captured by an image capturing unit, a determining unit configured to determine a degree of congestion of persons in the image captured by the image capturing unit, and a deciding unit configured to decide a threshold to be used to determine a moving state of a person in the image based on the degree of congestion determined by the determining unit.

Abstract: A fluid leakage data management apparatus includes an input unit to which data on fluid leak portions collected through a fluid leak diagnosis of a plant is input; a display unit on which the data input to the input unit is displayed; and a data processing unit that displays, on the display unit, a leak portion display image in which, with respect to positional data indicating positions, in the plant, of the respective fluid leak portions input to the input unit, indicators representing the respective fluid leak portions are displayed superimposed on a configuration diagram image of the plant at locations corresponding to the positional data of the respective fluid leak portions on the configuration diagram image.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to method and system for validating readings of orientation sensor mounted on autonomous ground vehicle (AGV). The method may include receiving distances and angles of observation of at least two fixed objects with respect to AGV at a first position and then at a second position, calculating a first orientation and a second orientation of AGV at the first position and at the second position respectively based on the distances, the angles of observation, and coordinate positions of each of the at least two fixed objects, determining an actual change in orientation of AGV based on the first orientation and the second orientation, and validating the readings of the orientation sensor based on the actual change in orientation. The at least two fixed objects are objects with pre-identified properties in a field of view of a vision sensor mounted on AGV and on both sides of AGV.

Abstract: A materials handling vehicle includes a camera, an odometry module to generate odometry data, a processor, and a drive mechanism. The camera captures images of an identifier for a racking system aisle and at least a rack leg portion positioned in the aisle. The processor uses the identifier to generate information indicative of an initial rack leg position and rack leg spacing in the aisle, generate an initial vehicle position using the initial rack leg position, generate a vehicle odometry-based position in the aisle using odometry data and the initial vehicle position, detect a subsequent rack leg using a captured image, correlate the detected subsequent rack leg with an expected vehicle position using rack leg spacing, generate an odometry error signal based on a difference between the expected vehicle position and the vehicle odometry-based position, and update the vehicle odometry-based position using the odometry error signal.

Abstract: Techniques are described for using computing devices to perform automated operations to generate mapping information using inter-connected images of a defined area, and for using the generated mapping information in further automated manners. In at least some situations, the defined area includes an interior of a multi-room building, and the generated information includes a floor map of the building, such as from an automated analysis of multiple panorama images or other images acquired at various viewing locations within the building—in at least some such situations, the generating is further performed without having detailed information about distances from the images' viewing locations to walls or other objects in the surrounding building. The generated floor map and other mapping-related information may be used in various manners, including for controlling navigation of devices (e.g., autonomous vehicles), for display on one or more client devices in corresponding graphical user interfaces, etc.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave phase/amplitude generation device includes a radiation unit configured to radiate electromagnetic waves of a random radiation pattern on a spatial frequency in which a state of the electromagnetic waves to be radiated for each divided region is determined to an imaging object, an imaging unit configured to generate a captured image by imaging scattered electromagnetic waves that are electromagnetic waves generated when the imaging object scatters the electromagnetic waves of the radiation pattern radiated by the radiation unit, and a generation unit configured to generate information indicating at least a phase and amplitude of the electromagnetic waves from the imaging object by performing an arithmetic sparsity constraint operation according to sparsity of the imaging object on the basis of the captured image generated by the imaging unit, information indicating the radiation pattern, and information indicating a signal of the imaging object.

Abstract: A vehicle camera calibration apparatus and method are provided. The vehicle camera calibration apparatus includes a camera module configured to acquire an image representing a road from a plurality of cameras installed in a vehicle, an input/output module configured to receive, as an input, the acquired image from the camera module, or output a corrected image, a lane detection module configured to detect a lane and extract a feature point of the lane from an image received from the input/output module, and a camera correction module configured to estimate a new external parameter using a lane equation and a lane width based on initial camera information and external parameter information in the image received from the input/output module, and to correct the image.

Abstract: A camera assembly for generating high dynamic range images. The camera assembly includes a sensor that images a portion of a local area, and a controller. The sensor includes a plurality of augmented pixels, each augmented pixel having a plurality of gates and at least some of the gates have a respective local storage location. An exposure interval of each augmented pixel is divided into intervals associated with the gates, and each local storage location stores image data during a respective interval. The controller reads out, after the exposure interval of each augmented pixel, the image data stored in the respective local storage locations of each augmented pixel to form intermediate images that each have a dynamic range. The controller then generates an image for the portion of the local area using the intermediate images, the image having a higher dynamic range than each of the intermediate images.

Abstract: A system and method for providing aural guidance in imaging a document is disclosed. Visually impaired people may have difficulty when imaging a document with a mobile computing device. The system and method may analyze the image of the document in the imaging device, and output one or more aural directions in order for the user to move the document and/or camera for proper imaging of the document. In that regard, those with visual impairments may be assisted in imaging documents using a mobile computing device.

Abstract: Novel techniques and equipment for anchoring a boat include sensing and measuring the real time rate and length of rode release based on detecting real time changes in the angular position of a windlass by computer vision using a portable computing device. Rode release is also detected using novel methods based on sensing sound, rode chain movement, and sensing acceleration and/or motion. The apparatus can include software operable to provide safe anchoring based on monitoring real times values of the rate and length of rode release, comparing these values to the speed and position of the boat, and providing local and remote status and alarm information to crew members.

Abstract: A distance-measuring apparatus, a mobile object, a distance-measuring method, and a distance-measuring system. The distance-measuring apparatus and the distance-measuring method include performing matching for a plurality of images obtained by a plurality of imaging devices to convert the plurality of images into first distance information on a pixel-by-pixel basis, emitting a laser beam where at least one of a laser-beam resolution in a horizontal direction and a laser-beam resolution in a vertical direction exceeds two degrees, obtaining a reflected signal obtained when the laser beam is reflected by an object, detecting a peak that corresponds to reflection from the object from the reflected signal, calculating second distance information based on a length of time taken to observe the peak after the laser beam is emitted in the emitting, and integrating the first distance information and the second distance information with each other. The mobile object includes the distance-measuring apparatus.

Abstract: In one implementation, a method involves obtaining light intensity data from a stream of pixel events output by an event camera of a head-mounted device (“HMD”). Each pixel event is generated in response to a pixel sensor of the event camera detecting a change in light intensity that exceeds a comparator threshold. A set of optical sources disposed on a secondary device that are visible to the event camera are identified by recognizing defined illumination parameters associated with the optical sources using the light intensity data. Location data is generated for the optical sources in an HMD reference frame using the light intensity data. A correspondence between the secondary device and the HMD is determined by mapping the location data in the HMD reference frame to respective known locations of the optical sources relative to the secondary device reference frame.

Abstract: A first pixel group disposed in a first direction is read in the first direction. A second pixel group adjacent to the first pixel group is read in a second direction, which is opposite to the first direction.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to providing operator visibility through an object that occludes the view of the operator by using a HMD system in communication with one or more imaging devices. A method of doing so may include: using one or more imaging devices coupled to an exterior of an object to capture image data of a real-world environment surrounding the object: calculating an orientation of a HMD positioned in an interior of the object; using at least the calculated orientation of the HMD, synthesizing a FOV of the image data with a FOV of the HMD; and rendering the synthesized FOV of the image data to the HMD. In some instances, the captured image data is used to create a three-dimensional model of the real-world environment, and synthesizing the FOV of the image data includes synthesizing a FOV of the 3D model with the FOV of the HMD.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for aligning a laser scanning device for measurement of a volume of a container. A method includes: causing an autonomous vehicle coupled to the laser scanning device to move to a location at a known distance from a reference circumference; generating data indicative of locations of points along a portion of the reference circumference; determining, based on the data, an alignment angle by which the autonomous vehicle is to steer such that an axis of the laser scanning device that intersects the container passes through a center axis of the container; causing the autonomous vehicle to steer by the alignment angle, such that the laser scanning device is thereby aligned normal to a tangent plane of a wall of the container; and measuring a plurality of horizontal offsets of the wall relative to the reference circumference for use in determining the volume.

Abstract: An imaging system is provided, the imaging system is configured to generate video streams of a moving target in a predefined area, the imaging system comprising: first and second image capture devices configured to be movable and to capture first and second video streams of the moving target from a first direction; third and fourth image capture devices configured to be movable and to capture third and fourth video streams of the moving target from a second and third directions, the second and third directions being substantially opposite to one another and substantially perpendicular to the first direction; a fifth image capture device configured to be stationary and to capture a fifth video stream of the moving target from a fourth direction, the fourth direction being substantially perpendicular to the first to third directions; and a controller configured to move the first to fourth image capture devices along with the moving target in the predefined area.

Abstract: An image capturing apparatus includes a plurality of imaging devices each of which including an optical system and an image sensor; and a processor. The processor is configured to control the plurality of imaging devices to capture images at a different timing; and combine the images captured by the plurality of imaging devices to generate a combined image. The images to be combined are images captured by the plurality of imaging devices at different timings.

Abstract: A vehicle device may execute one or more neural networks (and/or other artificial intelligence), based on input from one or more of the cameras and/or other sensors, to intelligently detect safety events in real-time. The one or more neural networks may be an ensemble neural network that includes neural networks for detecting a head and hand of a user, neural networks for detecting hand actions of the user, neural networks for detecting the head pose of the user, neural networks for predicting an occurrence of an event, and neural networks for predicting a start time and end time of the event. Further, the neural networks can be segmented into a modular neural network based on metadata. The segmentation of the neural network can define a thin layer of the modular neural network to enable independent tuning of the thin layer of the modular neural network.

Abstract: An illustrative method includes receiving a single frame comprising a first set of pixel data that includes a fluorescence scene component and a second set of pixel data that includes a combination of a visible color component scene and the fluorescence scene component, determining a display fluorescence scene component from the first set of pixel data, determining a display visible scene component from the second set of pixel data, and generating, based on the display fluorescence scene component and the display visible scene component, a display scene.

Abstract: A position alignment system facilitates positioning of a contactless card in a ‘sweet spot’ in a target volume relative to a contactless card reading device. Alignment logic uses information captured from available imaging devices such as infrared proximity detectors, cameras, infrared sensors, dot projectors, and the like to guide the card to a target location. The captured image information is processed to identify a card position, trajectory and predicted location using one or both of a machine learning model and/or a Simultaneous Localization and Mapping logic. Trajectory adjustment and prompt identification may be intelligently controlled and customized using machine-learning techniques to customize guidance based on the preference and/or historical behavior of the user. As a result, the speed and accuracy of contactless card alignment is improved and received NFC signal strength is maximized, thereby reducing the occurrence of dropped transactions.

Abstract: Systems and methods for extracting a feature in an image are provided. In one example embodiment, a computer-implemented method includes obtaining image data representing a scene, wherein the image data includes a plurality of images of the scene, each image associated with a different polarization angle. The method includes determining attribute information based at least in part on the plurality of images. The method includes determining one or more features in the image data based at least in part on the attribute information.

Abstract: Systems and methods for tracking the location of a non-destructive inspection (NDI) scanner using scan data converted into images of a target object. Scan images are formed by aggregating successive scan strips acquired using one or two one-dimensional sensor arrays. An image processor constructs and then compares successive partially overlapping scan images that include common features corresponding to respective structural features of the target object. The image processor is further configured to compute a change in location of the NDI scanner relative to a previous location based on the respective positions of those common features in the partially overlapping scan images. This relative physical distance is then added to the previous (old) absolute location estimate to obtain the current (new) absolute location of the NDI scanner.

Abstract: A device for measuring the surface topography of a sample includes a projector which projects a structured image onto the surface of the sample. A camera observes the image projected onto the surface of the sample. A heating device applies a temperature ramp on the sample. A first optic device located on the optic axis of the projector modifies the image emitted by the projector and applies it on the sample. The first optic device includes several distinct lenses defining different magnifications. The lenses are fitted movable with respect to one another. A second optic device is located on the optic axis of the camera to modify the size of the observation area on the surface of the sample. The second optic device includes several distinct lenses presenting different magnifications. The lenses are fitted movable to define several observation areas of different sizes.

Abstract: In capturing images, a method applied in a camera device taking images of a dynamic scenes which provides compensation for blurring and lack of clarity caused by movement of objects within the scene. From images captured in preview mode, determining whether a target object is a dynamic object. A preset number of the preview images are stored as first images of a target object determined as being dynamic, and a second image is also taken, the second image being analyzed for an area of fuzziness. The camera device takes feature information from each first image and the feature information corresponding to the area of fuzziness of the second image and combines feature information having a highest similarity with the fuzzy area to generate a final target image with sharpness and full clarity, and outputting the target image.

Abstract: A time-of-flight identification system and method for warehousing and freight transportation are provided by assembling an optical identification device in a container. The optical identification device includes a first, a second, and a third image capturing units, a beam receiving and calibrating unit, an estimation and processing unit, a transmission module and a power supply module. The optical identification device is connected to a monitoring device via signals; wherein the optical identification device is used to perform multi-segment space flight time identification method for logistics managers or inventory personnel to check whether inventory personnel correctly store the goods in storage space inside the container; to improve space utilization rate for the container. The present invention can be installed in: truck container, refrigerated truck container, truck rear cargo container, port centralized container, so as to promote cargo management efficiency and safety.

Abstract: Provided is a surgical support system including: a camera installed in an operating room; and an information processing apparatus including processing circuitry configured to compare reference data that is related to at least one reference person or reference device in the operating room and that is generated from observation of the operating room, with first feature data related to a first person or a first device extracted from a first image captured by the camera installed in the operating room.

Abstract: A method implemented by an extended reality (XR) display device capturing, by an optical sensor, an image portraying a number of objects within an environment and analyzing the image to identify a tracking pattern corresponding to a first object. The first object is an external electronic device associated with the XR display device. The method further includes generating a first map of the environment based on the image, in which a relative location of the external electronic device within the environment with respect to the XR display device is determined for the first map based on the tracking pattern. The method further includes accessing a final map of the environment based on the first map of the environment and a second map of the environment generated with respect to the relative location.

Abstract: Various embodiments include systems and methods of arthropod detection using an electronic arthropod detection device. The electronic arthropod detection device may scan a surface or a subject using a terahertz sensor that is sensitive to a terahertz band of electromagnetic radiation to detect the presence or likely presence of an arthropod in a region of interest (ROI). A camera sensitive to a visible band of electromagnetic radiation captures at least one image and provides the image(s) to an object detection model in response to determining that an arthropod is or is likely present in the ROI. A processor may initiate an arthropod detected procedure in response to detecting an arthropod in the ROI.

Abstract: Provided is an imaging device and an apparatus that can obtain an appropriate captured image that allows recognition of an object even when a flicker phenomenon is occurring. Provided is an imaging device including a detection unit that detects a blinking object or an object lit by a blinking illuminator, a tracking unit that performs tracking on the detected object, an estimation unit that estimates period information of the blinking, on the basis of a plurality of imaging frames of the tracked object, and a signal generation unit that generates a timing signal for capturing the object, on the basis of the estimation result.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for determining an optimal rotation angle during compression of a spherical multimedia content where the processor may receive first multimedia content corresponding to the spherical multimedia content, generate a plurality of second multimedia contents based on the first multimedia content by rotating the first multimedia content to a plurality of rotation angles, perform an edge analysis on each of the plurality of the second multimedia contents, identify the number of edges aligned to one of a vertical axis or a horizontal axis based on the edge analysis, select second multimedia content with the maximum number of edges, and determine an optimal rotation angle.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to improve the image quality of images obtained during travelling even in inferior environmental conditions. A camera 101-1 is mounted in a train 1-1, and a camera 101-2 is mounted in a train 1-2. Each of the camera 101-1 and the camera 101-2 images the same physical object at different times while moving along the same track 5. A processing apparatus 2 generates a synthetic image 7 by synthesizing images related to the same physical object imaged by the cameras 101-1 and 101-2 while moving along the same track 5, and displays the same on a display screen 2A.

Abstract: A slip angle estimation device for a vehicle comprises an imaging device for capturing an image of at least one of the front and the rear of the vehicle and a control unit. The imaging device is a CCD camera including a lens and an imaging sensor. The control unit is configured to determine a plurality of tracking points for a plurality of captured objects, determine an optical flow for the plurality of tracking points based on two images captured at predetermined elapsed time intervals, determine a vanishing point based on intersections of the plurality of optical flows, and calculate a slip angle of the vehicle based on a ratio of a horizontal distance between an image center and the vanishing point to a distance between a lens center of the CCD camera and an imaging sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method, a device and an inspection line for determining the three-dimensional geometry of a container ring surface, including the formation, by two optical systems (24, 24?), of two images of the ring surface of the container, according to two peripheral observation fields having a first and a second observation elevation angle (?1, ?2) different from each other.

Abstract: An antenna including a magnetic core made of a soft-magnetic non-electro conductive material, including four corner protuberances defining two orthogonal winding channels around the magnetic core; X-winding (DX), Y-winding (DY) and Z-winding (DZ) of conductive wire orthogonal to one another wound around the magnetic core, wherein the antenna further has a first soft magnetic sheet attached superimposed on said four corner protuberances of the magnetic core providing a limiting edge for the Z-winding (DZ), so that an increase of the sensitivity of the Z-winding (DZ) and a reduced thickness of the antenna in the Z-axis (Z) direction are obtained.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of medical monitoring, and, in particular, to non-contact detecting and monitoring of patient breathing. Systems, methods, and computer readable media are described for calculating a change in depth of regions in one or more regions of interest (ROI's) on a patient and assigning one or more visual indicators to the regions based on the calculated changes in depth of the regions over time. In some embodiments, one or more breathing parameter signals corresponding to the regions can be generated and/or analyzed. In these and other embodiments, the one or more visual indicators can be displayed overlaid onto the regions in real-time. In these and still other embodiments, the systems, methods, and/or computer readable media (i) can display one or more generated breathing parameter signals in real-time and/or (ii) can trigger an alert and/or an alarm when a breathing abnormality is detected.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for associating a new measurement of an object surrounding a vehicle with a maintained track. One of the methods includes receiving an object track for a particular object, receiving a new measurement characterizing a new object at a new time step, and determining whether the new object is the same as the particular object, comprising: generating a representation of the new object at the new and preceding time steps; generating a representation of the particular object at the new and preceding time steps; processing a first network input comprising the representations using a first neural network to generate an embedding of the first network input; and processing the embedding of the first network input using a second neural network to generate a predicted likelihood that the new object and the particular object are the same.

Abstract: In an apparatus for assisting a driver of a vehicle in driving the vehicle, a road sign recognizer is configured to recognize a road sign from an image captured by a vehicle-mounted imager. A turn detector is configured to detect a turning action of the vehicle. A notifier is configured to notify the driver of the vehicle of road sign information representing the road sign recognized by the road sign recognizer. The notifier is further configured to, if the turning action of the vehicle is detected by the turn detector, withhold notifying the driver of the vehicle of the road sign information representing the road sign recognized by the road sign recognizer within a predetermined period of time during the turning action.

Abstract: A vehicle control device controlling a vehicle capable of switching between an automatic driving mode and a driver involvement mode in which a driver is involved includes a blind spot boundary specifying unit configured to specify a boundary of a region becoming a blind spot of the vehicle, a traveling plan generation unit configured to generate a traveling plan in which the vehicle does not collide with a moving body assumed to be positioned on the blind spot boundary specified by the blind spot boundary specifying unit, a determination unit configured to determine whether or not the traveling plan generated by the traveling plan generation unit satisfies a predetermined condition, and a switching unit configured to switch the vehicle from the automatic driving mode to the driver involvement mode when the determination unit determines that the traveling plan satisfies the predetermined condition.

Abstract: The system for lighting control may include a non-transitory storage medium storing executable instructions for lighting control, a communication component operatively connected to the non-transitory storage medium, at least one imaging device configured to capture images related to an area, and one or more illuminating device configured to light the area. The system may also include at least one processor in communication with the non-transitory storage medium. When executing the set of instructions, the at least one processor may cause the system to obtain image data relating to an area captured by the at least imaging device and determine at least one parameter relating to at least one of the one or more illuminating devices. The system may further include a control component configured to operate the at least one of the one or more illuminating devices to light the area based on the determined at least one parameter.

Abstract: A sufficient decoding processing time for each image acquired by performing high-speed imaging is secured to obtain a stable reading result, thereby enabling immediate output of the obtained reading result. A processing unit has a first core and a plurality of second cores. The first core instructs the second cores, presumed to be capable of immediately executing the decoding process or executing the decoding process next to a decoding process being currently executed, to execute the decoding process. The second cores are configured to be capable of simultaneously executing the decoding process on read images instructed by the first core at different timings.

Abstract: A stereo camera calibration method includes: obtaining a stereo image generated by imaging a chart using a stereo camera, the chart at least including two markers arranged at a known interval; measuring the known interval, using the stereo image and a calibration parameter for the stereo camera; and correcting a parameter pertaining to an optical axis position so as to reduce a difference between the known interval and a result of the measurement. The correcting includes performing a process corresponding to moving the optical axis position in perpendicular and lateral directions on an imaging surface of the stereo camera. The correcting includes calculating a perpendicular correction amount of the optical axis position, and then calculating a lateral correction amount of the optical axis position.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer-storage media, for drone base station detection. In some implementations, a drone including a camera that is configured to generate image data and one or more processors and one or more storage devices storing instructions that are operable. The instructions include receiving the image data from the camera, identifying at least four objects in the image data, determining a first distance between a first object and a second object, determining a second distance between a third object and a fourth object, determining a third distance between the second object and the third object, and based on the first distance, the second distance, and the third distance, determining a location of the drone.

Abstract: In some examples, a system may receive, from a merchant device, an indication of a transaction between a merchant and a customer, including transaction information associated with the transaction. The system may further receive, from the merchant device, a signal from a customer device associated with the customer and received by the merchant device. Based on the transaction information, the system may determine a previous signal previously received from the customer device, and at least one previous parameter associated with the previous signal. The system determines at least one parameter associated with the received signal and determines a presence indication based on comparing the previous parameter and the determined parameter. For example, the presence indication may be indicative of the customer device being physically present at or near a geographical location of the merchant device. Based on the presence indication, the system may send an instruction to process the transaction.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus operable to perform measurement concerning a predetermined item for a target subject which is a measurement target. The apparatus comprises an acquisition unit configured to, for a captured image acquired by capturing of an image capturing range that includes the target subject, acquire distance information indicating a distribution of a subject distance from an image capturing apparatus that performed the capturing and, at least, normal line information that indicates a normal line of a surface of the target subject; and a presentation unit configured to present a notification that indicates an image capturing direction of the image capturing apparatus for performing measurement of the predetermined item based on the normal line information acquired by the acquisition unit.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a human-machine interface (HMI) for a vehicle, comprising an output means (40, 50) for outputting information, passenger monitoring means (20) for determining a status of at least one passenger within the vehicle and to outputting a passenger status signal indicative thereof, control means (10) for determining an operating state of one or more systems of the vehicle, wherein the control means (10) is arranged to receive the passenger status signal, and wherein the control means (10) is arranged to compose an output from the output means (40, 50) in dependence on the operating state of the one or more systems and the passenger status signal.