Abstract: The presence of injected DC has harmful consequences for a power grid system. A piecewise sinusoidal ripple voltage wave at the line-frequency that rides on the main capacitor bank of the power converter is observed. This observation leads to a new detection method and mitigation method. A two-stage control circuit is added to the operation of a power converter that controls power line impedance in order to mitigate the injected DC and to block DC circulation. This control computes a correction angle to adjust the timing of generated pulsed square waves to counter-balance the ripple. A functional solution and the results of experiments are presented. Furthermore, an extraction method and three elimination methods for this ripple component are presented to allow dissipation of DC energy through heat and/or electronic magnetic wave, or to allow transformation of this energy into usable power that is fed back into the power grid.

Abstract: Efficient editing is enabled when a video material encoded as an interlaced signal is mixed during editing. A first video signal in a progressive mode is obtained. This first video signal is encoded. The first video signal or a second video signal obtained by reducing resolution and/or a frame rate of the first video signal is converted to an interlaced signal from a progressive signal such that a third video signal is obtained. The third video signal is encoded. Encoded data of the first video signal and encoded data of the third video signal are recorded to a recording medium.

Abstract: An information sharing system includes a first image processing apparatus and a second image processing apparatus connected thereto via a communication network. The first apparatus includes an input unit to input image data, a dividing unit to divide the data into divided image data items, a storage unit to store the divided image data items at respective destinations and output position data items indicating the destinations, a generation unit to generate notification data items each including a corresponding divided image data item and a corresponding position data item, and a transmission unit to sequentially transmit the notification data items to the second apparatus. The second apparatus includes a reception unit to receive the notification data items from the first apparatus and a reproduction unit to reproduce the image data by developing the divided image data items in order of receipt based on the data in the notification data items.

Abstract: A coding method including dividing pixels of a chrominance component of an input image into blocks having a predetermined size; selecting one among a direct current prediction method, a vertical prediction method, a horizontal prediction method, and a hybrid prediction method according to a user's input; generating a prediction value of each pixel in a current block to be predictively coded, using at least one pixel value among pixel values in an upper reference block adjacent to the current block and in a side reference block adjacent to the current block, according to the selected prediction method; generating a differential value between the prediction value and a corresponding real pixel value in the current block; and coding the differential value and information on the selected prediction method using a predetermined coding method.

Abstract: A video stream composed of combined video frames having a first resolution and include in their entirety two contents usable through extraction from the aforesaid video frame: a first content belonging to a video stream (F1) at a second resolution lower than the first resolution of the frame; and, in the area of the frame formed by the remaining pixels, at least a second content belonging to an information stream (F2) having, in the case where it is also a video stream, a resolution equal to or less than the second resolution, where during the fruition of one of the two video streams it is shown full-screen in its entirety, or in the case of a data information stream, data encoded via a set of pixels, the number of which is less than or equal to the number of pixels left free by the first video stream.

Abstract: Provided is a signal processing apparatus, including: a mapping unit configured to map one of an 8K video signal and a 4K video signal into SDI data streams on a plurality of channels, the SDI data streams on the plurality of channels each conforming to a predetermined Serial Digital Interface (SDI) format; and multiplexing units configured to perform one of 8B/10B conversion and scrambling of the SDI data streams on the plurality of channels in units of a predetermined bit, and multiplex the SDI data streams on the plurality of channels subjected to the one of the 8B/10B conversion and the scrambling, to thereby generate serial data streams in a plurality of lanes, the serial data streams in the plurality of lanes each having a bit rate within a range of from 25 Gbps to 28.3 Gbps.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for transmitting a video stream, an apparatus for receiving a video stream, a method for transmitting a video stream, and a method for receiving a video stream. One embodiment of the present invention, discloses the method for transmitting the video stream, comprising the steps of: down-sampling a UHD (ultra high definition) video stream to divide the UHD video stream into a sub-stream of a viewable HD compatible video, a sub-stream of an HD-sized video, and a sub-stream of a residual signal as a difference between the HD compatible video and the HD-sized video, and encoding the divided sub-streams; multiplexing signaling information for describing the relationship between the UHD video stream and at least one sub-stream and including the sub-stream; and transmitting the multiplexed HD sub-stream and the signaling information.

Abstract: A user is provided with the capability to view only those segments of TV broadcast programs and/or pre-recorded digital programs that are identified by the user (or other persons, e.g., parents) as acceptable. Preferences for the types of material that is desired for viewing are provided. The provider analyzes a selected program and creates a user specific segmentation file that, when played along with the recorded program, causes the program to automatically skip specific types of material (e.g., commercials, violence, pornography, etc.) and/or jumps to specific material desirable without the user having to intercede during the viewing. The segmentation file is distributed to the user and the user provides a fee to the provider for making and distributing this customized segmentation file.

Abstract: A method of receiving a broadcast signal including a Non-Real-Time (NRT) Receiver Targeting service is disclosed herein. A method of receiving a broadcast signal including a Non-Real-Time (NRT) Receiver Targeting service, the method comprises receiving broadcast signal including first signaling information and second signaling information, identifying an NRT service based on the first signaling information, parsing a Receiver Targeting Descriptor from the second signaling information, determining validity of the NRT service or an NRT content based on a targeting_criterion_type_code included in the Receiver Targeting Descriptor, and downloading the NRT service or the NRT content when a receiver determines the NRT service or the NRT content to be valid.

Abstract: Video signals for a mobile terminal are converted to accommodate reproduction by an alternative display terminal. The video signal is processed to provide a converted video signal appropriate for an alternative display terminal that is separate from the mobile terminal. This converted video signal is then provided for the alternative display terminal to accommodate the corresponding video display on a screen provided by the alternative (e.g., external) display terminal.

Abstract: Image or video from a cell phone is processed to expand the image in a way to display it on a high definition video screen.

Abstract: An image transmitting circuit includes: an image supply section configured to supply respective pixels arranged in a predetermined direction in an original image configured of pixels arranged two-dimensionally in a matrix; an image mapping section configured to map respective dividing number of the pixels onto different images and thereby to generate divided images every time the dividing number of pixels are supplied to the image mapping section, the dividing number being a number into which the original image is divided; and transmitting sections of the dividing number or more each corresponding to one of a plurality of communication channels and configured to transmit one of the divided images via the corresponding communication channel.

Abstract: Video signals for a mobile terminal are converted to accommodate reproduction by an alternative display terminal. The video signal is processed to provide a converted video signal appropriate for an alternative display terminal that is separate from the mobile terminal. This converted video signal is then provided for the alternative display terminal to accommodate the corresponding video display on a screen provided by the alternative (e.g., external) display terminal.

Abstract: A video multiviewer system may include a plurality of video scalers operating in parallel for generating initially scaled video streams by performing video scaling in at least one dimension on a plurality of video input streams. The video multiviewer system may also include at least one video cross-point switcher coupled downstream from the video scalers, and a processing unit coupled downstream from the video cross-point switcher for generating additionally scaled video streams by performing additional video scaling on the initially scaled video stream. The video scalers and the processing unit may communicate through the video cross-point switcher using a serial digital interface.

Abstract: The present invention provides a playback apparatus for playing back one combination video by combining a broadcast video with any additional video not determined by a fixed position relative to the broadcast video. The playback apparatus comprises: a first receiving unit that receives, via a broadcast wave, a broadcast video composed of broadcast images, each broadcast image being a portion of a frame image among a plurality of frame images constituting the original video; a second receiving unit that receives an additional video composed of remaining images, each remaining image being the remaining portion of the frame image; an arrangement information acquiring unit that acquires arrangement information indicating an arrangement of the broadcast image and the remaining image in the frame image; and a playback unit that reproduces and plays back the frame images by arranging the broadcast images and the remaining images based on the arrangement information.

Abstract: A noise estimator device of a video decoder includes a reception end, a low pass filter coupled to the reception end, a delay unit coupled to the reception end, a minimum level estimation unit coupled to the low pass filter for estimating a minimum of a specific number of low-pass results, a difference level estimation unit coupled to the low pass filter, the delay unit, and the minimum level estimation unit for determining a synchronization signal according to a plurality of low-pass results and the minimum of the specific number of the low-pass results, and for estimating a noise level according to the synchronization signal and signals outputted from the delay unit, and an output end coupled to the difference level estimation unit.

Abstract: Operating on video frames includes determining a frame set backdrop of a set of video frames that is a characterization of the relative difference in content of the set of video frames. Decreasing video quality of the set of video frames when the frame set backdrop is relatively higher indicating relatively greater content difference among video frames of the set of video frames and increasing/leaving quality of the set of video frames when the frame set backdrop is relatively lower indicating relatively lesser content difference among video frames of the set of video frames. Alteration of video quality of the set of video frames includes altering a frame rate, altering a pixel resolution, and/or altering color resolution of the set of video frames and/or altering a ratio of independent frames to predictive frames of the set of frames.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, method, and article to process a flexible macroblock ordering and arbitrary slice ordering are described. The apparatus may include a video decoder. The video decoder includes a processor to store coding parameters of one or more neighboring macroblocks in a data buffer. The neighboring macroblocks are previously decoded macroblocks and are adjacent to a current macroblock. The processor is to store control parameters for each of the one or more neighboring macroblocks in the data buffer. The processor is to reconstruct coding parameters for the current macroblock using availability information associated with the neighboring macroblocks.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the present invention encapsulate a variety of data, for example, FIC data, together with ATSC-M/H Service data, into a single IP stream, to simplify the interface between demodulator and media processor. A single data interface protocol within the receiver can then be used, facilitating integration.

Abstract: In an image-reader, the first counter is configured to count a first count value based on a first clock. The second counter is configured to count a second count value based on a second clock. The first reading unit is configured to read a first surface of a document sheet based on the first count value. The second reading unit is configured to read a second surface of the document sheet based on the second count value. The second surface is opposite surface of the first surface. When the first count value reaches a prescribed first value, both the first counter value and the second count value are reset.

Abstract: Techniques and tools are described for scalable video coding and decoding. For example, a video encoder and decoder perform adaptive update operations in lifting-based motion-compensated temporal filtering and inverse motion-compensated temporal filtering, respectively. The encoder, in a prediction stage, computes a motion-compensated prediction for an odd image and computes a high-pass image as the difference between the odd image and the prediction. For an update stage, the encoder performs motion compensation on the high-pass image (and potentially another high-pass image) to compute a motion-compensated update. Based upon perceptual criteria, the encoder adaptively combines the update with an even image to form a low-pass image. The decoder, for an update stage, performs motion compensation on one or more high-pass images to compute a motion-compensated update. Based upon perceptual criteria, the encoder adaptively combines the update with a low-pass image to reconstruct an even frame.

Abstract: For example, samples included in a frame constituted by a 3840×2160/24P,25P,30P/4:4:4,4:2:2,4:2:0/10,12-bit signal are mapped into first to fourth sub-images specified in the HD-SDI format, in units of two adjoining samples. Thus, it is possible to transmit through a transmission constitution for the HD-SDI format. The signal can be converted into serial digital data permitting a bit rate of 10.692 Gbps or the like and transmitted, and the receiving side can accurately reproduce original data.

Abstract: A pixel block is compressed by providing a respective color component prediction for each pixel in the block. A difference between color components of two neighboring pixels is calculated and compared to a threshold. If the difference is smaller than the threshold, the prediction is calculated based on a first linear combination of the color components of these two neighboring pixels. However, if the difference exceeds the threshold, a second or third linear combination of the color components of the neighboring pixels is employed in the prediction. A guiding bit associated with the selected linear combination may be used. A prediction error is calculated based on the color component of the pixel and the provided prediction. The compressed block comprises an encoded representation of the prediction error and any guiding bit.

Abstract: A method of receiving and processing a Non-Real Time (NRT) service and a broadcast receiver are disclosed herein.

Abstract: In order to provide an alcohol test device which can keep evidence that an identical person has been surely tested in an alcohol test, the alcohol test device includes an alcohol test unit which measures alcohol concentration from breath exhaled by a subject; a drinking determination unit which determines whether or not the subject is in a drunken state on the basis of a measurement result of the alcohol test unit; a camera unit which photographs a face image of the subject when the breath is exhaled into the alcohol test unit; a face authentication identical person determination unit which compares a face image photographed by the camera unit with a face image of the subject himself (herself) preliminarily photographed, and performs identical person authentication which determines whether or not the subject is the identical person; a result control unit which edits combining a result of identical person authentication by the face authentication identical person determination unit and a result of drinking det

Abstract: An interface is realized that can prevent video signals from being copied easily and which uses a luminance/color difference signal transmission scheme with an excellent harmony with a television circuit. In a video transmission using a digital interface, colorimetry information for defining the conversion from the luminance/color difference signal into a primary color signal and video aspect ratio information are transmitted along with the luminance/color difference type video signal. This allows reproduction of video with high quality and high resolution and also realizes a copyright protection which allows only the users authorized by key information to use the content of the video. With this transmission scheme, it is possible to provide a transmitting apparatus, a receiving apparatus and an interface which highly harmonize with a rationalized television-based circuit.

Abstract: A video processing apparatus is provided. A storage medium is operative to store multimedia data. A model design module is operative to determine a module factor according to a format of the multimedia data, monitor an amount of runtime bandwidth utilization of the storage medium, and dynamically adjust the module factor according to the amount of runtime bandwidth utilization of the storage medium. A PQ control module is operative to access the storage medium to process the multimedia data according to the module factor and output processed multimedia data.

Abstract: A video encoding apparatus provides with a generator to generate a decoded image corresponding to an image obtained by decoding an encoded image obtained by encoding an original image by a first prediction scheme, a selector to select one of the original image and the decoded image as an input image according to a flicker of an image, and an encoder to encode the input image by a second prediction scheme to generate encoded data.

Abstract: Multifunctional transmitters capable of transmitting signals of different specifications in different modes are provided, in which N output units are provided and each output unit comprises a serializer and an output driver. A control unit, according to a mode selection signal, selects a first set of output units from the N output units to transmit a first video data compatible with a first transmission interface under a first transmission mode and selects a second set of output units from the first set of output units to transmit a second video data compatible with a second transmission interface which is different from the first transmission interface under a second transmission mode.

Abstract: A method of receiving a broadcast signal including a Non-Real-Time (NRT) service and a broadcast receiver are disclosed herein. A method of receiving a broadcast signal including an NRT service, the method comprises receiving a broadcast signal including first signaling information and second signaling information, identifying the NRT service based on the first signaling information, parsing the second signaling information to identify an Internet Protocol (IP) address of an NRT service signaling channel, receiving the NRT service signaling channel by accessing the IP address, and downloading a desired NRT service based on the NRT service signaling channel.

Abstract: A method of receiving a broadcast signal including a Non-Real-Time (NRT) Receiver Targeting service is disclosed herein. A method of receiving a broadcast signal including a Non-Real-Time (NRT) Receiver Targeting service, the method comprises receiving broadcast signal including first signaling information and second signaling information, identifying an NRT service based on the first signaling information, parsing a Receiver Targeting Descriptor from the second signaling information, determining validity of the NRT service or an NRT content based on a targeting_criterion_type_code included in the Receiver Targeting Descriptor, and downloading the NRT service or the NRT content when a receiver determines the NRT service or the NRT content to be valid.

Abstract: A method of processing a non-real time service of a broadcast receiver, which receives and processes a service being transmitted in non-real time, and a broadcast receiver are disclosed. Herein, the method of processing a non-real time service in a broadcast receiver includes receiving in non-real time first signaling information including access information of a content item and second signaling information including detail information of the content item, receiving in non-real time a file belonging to the content item by accessing to a FLUTE session transmitting the content item, wherein the file corresponds to a compressed file that has one or more files including an entry file compressed therein, and decompressing the compressed file and then executing the content item referring to information on the entry file.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments relate to an apparatus and a method for re-synthesizing signals. The apparatus includes a receiver for receiving a plurality of digitally multiplexed signals, each digitally multiplexed signal associated with a different physical transmission channel, and for simultaneously recovering from at least two of the digital multiplexes a plurality of bit streams. The apparatus also includes a transmitter for inserting the plurality of bit streams into different digital multiplexes and for modulating the different digital multiplexes for transmission on different transmission channels. The method involves receiving a first signal having a plurality of different program streams in different frequency channels, selecting a set of program streams from the plurality of different frequency channels, combining the set of program streams to form a second signal, and transmitting the second signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for filtering to comply with copy-protection regulations set forth for HDTV signals by the Motion Picture Association of America (“MPAA”) are presented. A copy-protection filter constrains the resolution of the HDTV signal when copy-protection bits are present in a video signal. The copy-protection filter may be placed in an analog data stream before the video signal is converted from a digital to an analog signal. A second copy-protection filter is optionally placed in a digital data stream. The copy-protection filter may be combined with other filters in a video encoder, or with a scaler before the input video data stream enters a compositor.

Abstract: A method for transforming electronic information in to a format, the method comprising the steps of: accessing a first electronic file that comprises control data; accessing metadata based on the control data; identifying input data based on the metadata and the control data; and creating output data that is based on the input data and which has an output format that is based on the control data.

Abstract: A method of storing 3D image data in a recording medium includes: loading, in a predetermined file type field, image type information indicating either one of a single stereoscopic image or a compound image including a monoscopic image and a stereoscopic image; loading, in a predetermined image configuration information container field, scene descriptor information indicating temporal and spatial relations between a plurality of media objects included in the three-dimensional image, object configuration information indicating attributes of each media object of said plurality of media objects and a configuration relation between encoded streams of the plurality of media objects, configuration information of the encoded streams; loading in an image data container field media data of an image to be stored; and loading, in a meta container field, metadata including information for playing the 3D image data.

Abstract: Rapid throughput of still image compressed data (e.g. JPEG) is achieved for presentation of images in rapid succession for browsing or browsing by panning within large images by using a hardware decoder adapted for presentation of moving images to reduce the processing load which must be performed in accordance with software although the still image data is incompatible with still image data in many respects; some of which necessarily lead to a loss of image fidelity. The still image data is partially decoded (e.g. entropy decoded) in software processing and re-encoded and reformatted to a form which can at least be accepted by the hardware decoder even though not compliant with any particular moving picture data standard (e.g. MPEG). Storage in the hardware decoder is reallocated to provide, in combination with a reduction of slower software processing, a throughput increase of four-fold or more.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for vertically phase shifting fields of at least one interlaced frame of video into at least two vertically aligned frames of video. The at least two vertically aligned frames of video are compressed, transmitted or stored, decompressed, and phase shifted a second time to generate at least one interlaced frame of video.

Abstract: A method of producing digital data, which comprises the steps of making first arrangements for 12-bit word digital data constituting a digital video signal, which include a frame rate of 24 Hz, 25 Hz, 30 Hz, 50 Hz or 60 Hz, 1125 lines per frame, 1080 active lines per frame, a sampling frequency of 74.25 MHz or 148.5 MHz and 1920 or 1280 active data samples per line, making second arrangements for the 12-bit word digital data, in which 12-bit codes each containing an upper 8-bit portion representing 00h or FFh (h indicates a hexadecimal number) are predetermined to be forbidden code for each active line, and forming the 12-bit word digital data constituting the digital video signal in accordance with the first and second arrangements.

Abstract: This disclosure describes a flexible digital transmission system that improves upon the ATSC A/53 HDTV signal transmission standard. The system includes a digital television signal transmitter for generating a first Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) standard 8-VSB bit stream and, for generating an encoded new bit stream capable of transmitting high priority information bits, wherein symbols of the new bit stream are capable of being transmitted according to a transmission mode selected from group comprising: a 2-VSB mode, a 4-VSB mode, and a hierarchical-VSB (H-VSB) transmission mode. Each respective 2-VSB, 4-VSB, and H-VSB mode is characterized as having symbols mapped according to possible symbol values from an alphabet comprising respectively, {?7, ?5, 5, 7}, {7, 3, ?3, ?7}, and {7, 5, 3, ?3, ?5, ?7}. The standard 8-VSB bit stream and new bit stream may be simultaneously transmitted over a terrestrial channel according to a broadcaster defined bit-rate ratio.

Abstract: An image of a first aspect ratio is modified to be displayed in a display area with a second aspect ratio. In doing so, the aspect ratio of some of the image content is approximately maintained, yet the aspect ratio of other areas of the image content is stretched so that the entire resulting image fills the display area. This may be done by either using texture mapping to map a strip of content (treated as a texture) into a strip of the destination image. It may also be done by modifying the image content to an intermediate image, which is then uniformly stretched to fill the intended aspect ratio. The areas of image content closest to one or more focus areas is approximately maintained, while other areas are allowed more distortion.

Abstract: An adaptive digital image processor precedes an MPEG2 encoder. The processor receives a high definition video signal intended for broadcast or storage, and adaptively low-pass filters the signal. The signal is subjected to low-pass two-dimensional filtering to eliminate encoding artifacts and related noise. The video signal is then horizontally down-sampled to create a lower resolution hybrid signal. A receiver decodes and decompresses the hybrid signal. The hybrid signal is upsampled to its original resolution using existing hardware and software with a software modification.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided whereby the motion between two video fields of opposite parity may be measured so as to discriminate between the presence of motion and lack thereof. The level of motion at a specified position is determined by comparing a first motion value derived from successive fields of opposite parity with a second motion value derived from successive fields of the same parity at the spatial location corresponding to that used to generate the first motion value. This determination is made with one field being common to the first and second motion values, and taking the minimum of the first and second motion values to be the motion value at that position.

Abstract: A method for measuring motion at a horizontal and vertical position between video fields of opposite parity comprising the steps of measuring the signal values of at least two vertically adjacent pixels from a video field of one parity and at least two vertically adjacent pixels from a video field of the opposite parity such that when taken together, the pixels represent contiguous samples of an image at said horizontal and vertical position, and determining whether the signal value of any of the pixels lies between the signal values of adjacent pixels in the field of opposite parity and in response outputting a zero motion value, otherwise, outputting a motion value equal to the lowest absolute difference between any of the pixels and its closest adjacent pixel in the field of opposite parity.

Abstract: A transmitting method serializes two series of signals into one series of signals, and transmits thereof. The two series of signals are produced through this way: a total number of bits of a luminance signal of an HDTV signal to be transmitted within a frame is divided into units corresponding to a total number of scanning lines ‘K’ per frame of one channel of an SDTV signal. Then K pcs. of transmission units per frame including a luminance signal and a color signal are produced in two series. Among the transmission units, at least the following data are inserted into the units corresponding to active scanning lines: (a) a given word of the control signal, (b) a signal comprising samples of N timed by a number of words of luminance signal within a given period of one horizontal scanning period of the SDTV, which includes a luminance signal and color signal of the SDTV, and (c) words corresponding to a given level. A transmitter realizing this method is also provided.

Abstract: In a receiving terminal, while a dropout of digital data is predicted which is caused by an instantaneous interruption of digital broadcasting electromagnetic waves, such digital data whose dropout may be predicted is previously acquired via a communication from a broadcasting station, or via a broadcasting electromagnetic wave. Then, the acquired digital data is stored on the side of the receiving terminal. When a dropout of digital data actually occurs, this dropped digital data is interpolated based upon previously prepared interpolation data on the side of the receiving terminal so as to prevent an interruption of the digital broadcast. When the dropout of the digital data is predicted, it is not only predicted that the digital data is completely dropped, but also such a condition where a dangerous state is expected is predicted with margin.

Abstract: In a video broadcast or production plant including first and second video sources which provide first and second digital video signals respectively at integer related frame rates, the video sources are operated so that the first and second video signals are aligned at a reference time. Switch points for updating a router in the plant are defined by measuring lapse of time from the reference time.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus receives a bitstream that is divided into units encoding a moving picture and includes a stream header indicating how the units are to be decoded. The receiving apparatus estimates the contents of the stream header from the contents of the units, so that decoding of the units can begin before the stream header is received. The receiving apparatus preferably checks for errors in the analysis and decoding of the units, and modifies the estimated stream-header information when an error is discovered. The same unit may be analyzed and decoded repeatedly to hasten the correct estimation of the stream-header information.

Abstract: Normally ordered robust VSB data are reordered in accordance with a first interleave to produce reordered robust VSB data, The reordered robust VSB data and ATSC data are reordered in accordance with a second interleave to produce normally ordered robust VSB data and reordered ATSC data. The normally ordered robust VSB data and reordered ATSC data are time multiplexed for transmission to a receiver. The receiver discards the reordered ATSC data or the normally ordered robust VSB data depending upon receiver type or user selection. A robust VSB receiver is able to process the normally ordered robust VSB data upstream of an outer decoder without an interleave thereby avoiding the delay associated with an interleave.

Abstract: A method for measuring motion at a horizontal and vertical position between video fields of opposite parity comprising the steps of measuring the signal values of at least two vertically adjacent pixels from a video field of one parity and at least two vertically adjacent pixels from a video field of the opposite parity such that when taken together, the pixels represent contiguous samples of an image at said horizontal and vertical position, and determining whether the signal value of any of the pixels lies between the signal values of adjacent pixels in the field of opposite parity and in response outputting a zero motion value, otherwise, outputting a motion value equal to the lowest absolute difference between any of the pixels and its closest adjacent pixel in the field of opposite parity.