Abstract: The normally white reflection type liquid crystal display of the present invention comprises: a polarization plate; a quarter wavelength plate; a transparent substrate; a transparent electrode; and a twisted nematic liquid crystal layer, wherein said polarization plate, said quarter wavelength plate, said transparent substrate, said transparent electrode, and said twisted nematic liquid crystal layer are layered in sequence from a light inputting side, and the angle between the optical axis of said quarter wavelength plate and the transmission axis of said polarization plate is below 65 degrees and above 45 degrees, or below 45 degrees and above 25 degrees.

Abstract: A reflective-type liquid crystal display and a method for manufacturing the same are provided which are capable of preventing development of unwanted colors on a display when a black color is displayed and of stably achieving high contrast.

Abstract: The normally white reflection type liquid crystal display of the present invention comprises: a polarization plate; a quarter wavelength plate; a transparent substrate; a transparent electrode; and a twisted nematic liquid crystal layer, wherein said polarization plate, said quarter wavelength plate, said transparent substrate, said transparent electrode, and said twisted nematic liquid crystal layer are layered in sequence from a light inputting side, and the angle between the optical axis of said quarter wavelength plate and the transmission axis of said polarization plate is below 65 degrees and above 45 degrees, or below 45 degrees and above 25 degrees.

Abstract: An electrooptical system contains: (a) a twisted nematic liquid-crystal layer, with an input side and an output side, which is positioned between a first substrate and a second substrate, each of whose inside surface is provided with an electrode coating and an alignment layer thereon, the director of said liquid crystal layer having a parallel edge alignment and a twist angle of 0°≦&bgr;≦1000, (b) at least one compensation layer for compensating the optical path difference of the liquid-crystal layer d·&Dgr;n, and (c) at least one device for linear polarization of light in such an arrangement that light, before entering and after exiting the liquid-crystal layer, passes through a polarization device, I.

Abstract: A process of a pixel electrode of a direct-sight type of reflection type liquid-crystal display device is simplified. A pixel electrode 120 of a reflection type liquid-crystal display device is formed of an aluminum film which is formed by sputtering. In forming the aluminum film, moisture is intentionally contained in atmosphere, and also a sample is heated. With this process, aluminum grains grow so that irregularities of &mgr;m order is formed on the surface of the aluminum film. The aluminum film thus formed allows the incident light to be irregularly reflected so that it is in a visually white muddy state. This is suitable to the pixel electrode for the reflection type liquid-crystal display device.

Abstract: A color filter substrate includes a black matrix and red, green and blue color filters. The color filter substrate has an identification mark formed in the black matrix such that the information about the color filter substrate is easily recognized. The identification mark includes such information as the manufacturer, color filter type, fabrication method and/or type of black matrix.

Abstract: This LCD cell device configuration reduces the deterioration in contrast when the display surface of the active matrix type liquid crystal display device of the in-plane switching mode is viewed from the direction of azimuth 45° without decreasing the viewing characteristic from a frontal direction. This is accomplished using an optical compensation film having a retardation axis which is parallel to or vertical to the transmission axes of the polarizer plates at the lower and upper side. By so selecting the in-plane retardation and the retardation in the thickness direction of the optical compensation film, the optical compensation film performs the function of a &lgr;/2 plate, to rotate the polarizing plane of the transmitted light.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device of a TN type which is improved on a display contrast, gray scale characteristics and viewing angle characteristics of a display color. A liquid crystal cell of a TN type for drive is sandwiched by a pair of upper and lower polarizing plates and at least one compensating film which has an extinction axis angle of 5 to 90 degrees as an absolute value and an optical rotating angle of 0.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus of the invention includes a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates with alignment films formed at interfaces between the liquid crystal layer and the respective substrates. The alignment films regulate aligning conditions of liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer. In the liquid crystal display apparatus, the liquid crystal layer includes two or more liquid crystal layer regions of different aligning conditions, and at least one of the alignment films has surface tensions which are different from each other in surface regions thereof corresponding to the respective liquid crystal layer regions of different aligning conditions.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal cell and a polymer film. The liquid crystal cell comprises a liquid crystal layer positioned between a pair of transparent substrates, on whose innersides transparent electrodes are provided. The polymer film is positioned at one side of the liquid crystal cell. The liquid crystal layer and the polymer film are sandwiched by a pair of polarization films. A twist angle of the liquid crystal layer is set to be a predetermined value. The product of birefringence of the nematic liquid crystal, .DELTA.n.sub.LC, and a thickness of liquid crystal layer, d.sub.LC, .DELTA.n.sub.LC .multidot.d.sub.LC is set to be a predetermined value. The birefringence difference .DELTA.(R)=R.sub.Film -.DELTA.n.sub.LC .multidot.d.sub.LC, which is defined by using the .DELTA.n.sub.LC .multidot.d.sub.LC and retardation of the polymer film, R.sub.Film, is set to be a value between 0.0 .mu.m and 0.1 .mu.m.

Abstract: A display apparatus adapted for viewing by a person wearing linearly polarized lenses, such as sunglasses, is disclosed. The display apparatus includes a display device, such as an LCD or a filtered TFEL display, which displays information by providing as an output linearly polarized light travelling toward the person viewing the display apparatus. A quarter-wave plate is positioned between the display device and the linearly polarized lenses of the sunglasses. The quarter-wave plate receives the linearly polarized light from the display device as an input and provides as an output circularly polarized light which passes through the linearly polarized lenses of the sunglasses substantially without attenuation.

Abstract: A reflection type color liquid crystal display apparatus comprising a polarizing plate 1 having an absorbing axis 18, a birefringent plate 3, a liquid crystal layer 6 and a reflection layer 8 wherein the absorbing axis 18, a first orientation 14, a second orientation 15, a first optical anisotropic axis 16 and a second anisotropic axis 17 are set so as to form predetermined crossing angles .theta..sub.1, .theta..sub.2, .theta..sub.3, .theta..sub.4, and selected voltage values of at least three values are applied to the liquid crystal layer 6 from a multiplex driving circuit 10.Without using a color filter, a very bright chromatic color (white or black) is displayed at the time of an OFF waveform even in multiplex driving, and development of colors of very bright red, blue and green can be obtained with a selection voltage or an intermediate voltage between the selection voltage and a non-selection voltage.

Abstract: An optical compensation arrangement using tilted-optical-axis compensation films with negative birefringence for low-twist-angle nematic liquid crystal cells to achieve better viewing angle characteristics than a regular 90.degree.-twist TN cell, with similar high contrast ratio and brightness as the regular TN cell near normal incidence at a comparable operating voltage.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display apparatus comprises an ECB (Electrically Controlled Birifringence) type liquid crystal display device, which has a plurality of dots arranged in a matrix form and displays a plurality of colors in accordance with applied voltages dot by dot, and a driving circuit. The driving circuit includes an image memory, a display controller, a conversion table, a D/A converter and drivers. The display controller reads image data stored in the image memory. This image data defines a display color of a pixel consisting of a plurality of dots and a gradation. The conversion table converts image data to voltage data defining voltages to be applied to a plurality of dots of the liquid crystal display device in order to display the color and gradation defined by the image data. The D/A converter converts this voltage data to an analog voltage and the drivers apply this analog voltage to each dot of the liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: Disclosed are a film composed of an oriented polymer matrix and a liquid crystalline compound contained therein. The oriented polymer matrix is generally formed by polymerization of a discotic compound having a polymerizable group and a liquid crystalline compound. Further, a process for preparation of the film and a liquid crystal display in which the film is employed as liquid crystal of a liquid crystal cell, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display and corresponding method are provided for reducing display image reflections off of a reflection point on an external medium (e.g. cockpit canopy or automotive windshield). A retarder is provided on the front side of the display so that the polarization direction of the display image is substantially parallel to the plane of incidence when the image reaches the reflection point. Additionally, the angle of incidence .THETA..sub.i is substantially matched to the Brewster angle .THETA..sub.p in order to maximize the reduction of reflection at the reflection point. The retarder has a retardation value of from about 220-320 nm according to certain embodiments, and is a 1/2 .lambda. retarder according to preferred embodiments.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a liquid crystal display device capable of obtaining a wide viewing angle without coloration caused by a viewing angle. A liquid crystal display cell is disposed between a pair of polarizers, and between the liquid crystal display cell and the pair of polarizers, first optical compensation plates are disposed at the side of the liquid crystal display cell, and second optical compensation plates are disposed at the side of the polarizer. The first optical compensation plates have a refractive index anisotropy in the plane, and the refractive index thereof in the thickness direction is nearly equal to the refractive index of a minimum value in the plane, whereas the second optical compensation plates have no refractive index anisotropy in the plane, the refractive index in the thickness direction is greater than the refractive index in the plane, and a positive phase difference is expressed by inclination from the normal direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a color projector utilizing three liquid crystal display elements. The natural light is separated into illuminating rays of red, green and blue colors by a dichroic mirror, each of these illuminating rays being used to illuminate the corresponding one of the liquid crystal display elements. Each of the liquid crystal display elements is controlled by a desired image signal with respect to its transmittance at each pixel. After passed through the liquid crystal display elements, three kinds of colored illuminating rays are again synthesized by the other dichroic mirror to form a light beam which in turn is enlarged and projected by a projecting lens on a screen. By providing light source means including means for converting the natural light into the linearly polarized beam, the illuminating rays may have their polarizing angles coincide with each other without any loss of light.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device including: a first substrate; a second substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; electrodes for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer; a polarizing plate provided on a side of the liquid crystal layer on which the first substrate is provided; a reflective member provided on a side of the liquid crystal layer on which the second substrate is provided; and an optical compensation member provided between the polarizing plate and the liquid crystal layer, wherein the liquid crystal layer has a twist angle in a range of 220.degree. to 260.degree. and a retardation value of 0.5 .mu.m to 0.8 .mu.m, the optical compensation member has a retardation value in a range of 0.15 .mu.m to 0.38 .mu.m, and an angle .beta.